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The HART Protocol

The HART Protocol allows digital communication to be overlaid on top of existing 4-20 mA analog loops, allowing both analog and digital signals to be sent over the same wiring. It operates in two main modes: analog/digital mode where digital signals are overlaid on the 4-20 mA current to communicate with one device, and multidrop mode where the current is fixed and multiple devices can be addressed digitally. HART packets have a defined structure including a preamble, address, command, data, and checksum fields to synchronize communication and ensure data integrity.

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Animesh Sharma
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216 views

The HART Protocol

The HART Protocol allows digital communication to be overlaid on top of existing 4-20 mA analog loops, allowing both analog and digital signals to be sent over the same wiring. It operates in two main modes: analog/digital mode where digital signals are overlaid on the 4-20 mA current to communicate with one device, and multidrop mode where the current is fixed and multiple devices can be addressed digitally. HART packets have a defined structure including a preamble, address, command, data, and checksum fields to synchronize communication and ensure data integrity.

Uploaded by

Animesh Sharma
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The HART Protocol

INTRODUCTION
The HART Communications Protocol (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol) is an early implementation of Fieldbus, a digital industrial automation protocol. Its most notable advantage is that it can communicate over 4-20 mA analog instrumentation wiring, sharing the pair of wires used by the older system. Due to the huge installed base of 4-20 mA systems throughout the world, the HART Protocol is one of the most popular industrial protocols today. The protocol was developed by Rosemount Inc., built off the Bell 202 early communications standard, in the mid-1980s as proprietary digital communication protocol for their smart field instruments. . In 1986, it was made an open protocol.

MODES
There are two main operational modes of HART instruments: analog/digital mode, and multidrop mode. In point-to-point mode (analog/digital) the digital signals are overlaid on the 4-20 mA loop current. The polling address of the instrument is set to "0". Only one instrument can be put on each instrument cable signal pair. One signal, generally specified by the user, is specified to be the 4-20 mA signal. Other signals are sent digitally on top of the 420 mA signal. For example, pressure can be sent as 4-20 mA, representing a range of pressures, and temperature can be sent digitally over the same wires. In multidrop mode (digital) only the digital signals are used. The analog loop current is fixed at 4 mA. In multidrop mode it is possible to have more than one instruments on one signal cable. Each meter needs to have a unique address.

PACKET STRUCTURE
Field Name Length (Bytes) Purpose

Preamble
Start Byte

5-20
1

Synchronization and Carrier Detect


Specifies Master Number Specifies slave, Specifies Master and Indicates Burst Mode

Address
Command Number of data bytes Status Data Checksum

1-5
1 1 Master (0) Slave (2) 0-253 1

Numerical Value for the command to be executed


Indicates the size of the Data Field Execution and Health Reply

Data associated with the command


XOR of all bytes from Start Byte to Last byte of Data

Preamble : Currently all the newer devices implement 5 byte preamble, since anything greater reduces the communication speed. Master communication to a new devices starts with the maximum preamble length (20 bytes) and is later reduced once the preamble size for the current device is determined. Start delimiter : This byte contains the Master number and specifies the communication packet is starting. Address : Specifies the destination address as implemented in one of the HART schemes. The original addressing scheme used only 4 bits to specify the device address, which limited the number of devices to 16 including the master. The newer scheme utilizes 38 bits to specify the device address. This address is requested from the device using either Command 0, or Command 11. Command : This is a 1 byte numerical value representing which command is to be executed. Command 0 and Command 11 are used to request the device number. Number of data bytes : Specifies the number of communication data bytes to follow. Status : The status field is absent for the master and is two bytes for the slave. This field is used by the slave to inform the master whether it completed the task and what its current health status is.

Data : Data contained in this field depends on the command to be executed. Checksum : Checksum is composed of an XOR of all the bytes starting from the start byte and ending with the last byte of the data field, including those bytes.

THANK YOU

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