Composite

Functions
 EXERCISE 1.3(a)
1. The functions of f and g are defined as f(x)=2x
and g(x) = 3 – x . Find
(a) the composite function of g f and the value of g f (4).

Solution, g (x) = 3 – x
Let f(x) = y g (y) = 3 - y

g f(x) = g (y) g f (x) = 3 – 2x

g f (4) = 3 – 2(4)
=3-y
=3–8
= 3 – 2x
=-5
1. The functions of f and g are defined as f(x)=2x and
g(x) = 3 – x . Find
(b) The composite function of f g and the value of f g (4).

Solution,
f (x) = 2 x
Let g(x) = y f (y) = 2 y

f g(x) = f (y) fg(x)= 6 – 2x

=2y fg(4)= 6 – 2(4)
= 2 (3 – x) =6–8
= 6 – 2x = -2
1. The functions of f and g are defined as f(x)=2x and
g(x) = 3 – x . Find

(c) f f (2)
f (x) = 2x
Solution, f (2) = 2(2)
f f (2) =4

= f (4)
f(x) = 2x
=8 f (4) = 2(4)
=8
1. The functions of f and g are defined as f(x)=2x and
g(x) = 3 – x . Find

(d) gg ( - 4 )
g(x) = 3 - x
Solution, g(-4) = 3 – (-4)
= 3+4
gg (-4) =7

= g (7)

= -4 g (7) = 3 - 7
= -4
2. Function f and g are defined by f:x|→3x + 1,
g:x|→1 - x² . obtain expressions in similar form for
(a) g f (x)

Let f (x) = y g (x) = 1 - x²

g f(x) = g (y) g (y) = 1 - y²

= 1 - y²
= 1 – (3x+1)²
= 1 – 9x² - 6x - 1
= 1 – (3x+1)(3x+1)
= 1 – (9x²+3x+3x+1) = – 9x² - 6x
= 1 – (9x²+6x+1)
2. Function f and g are defined by f:x|→3x + 1,
g:x|→1 - x² . obtain expressions in similar form for
(b) f g(x)

Let g(x) = y f (x) = 3x + 1

f (y) = 3y + 1
fg(x) = f (y) f ² (x)

= 3y + 1
= 3(1-x²) +1
= 3 - 3x² +1
= 4 - 3x²
2. Function f and g are defined by f:x|→3x + 1,
g:x|→1 - x² . obtain expressions in similar form for
(c) f ² (x)

Let f(x) = y f (x) = 3x + 1

f (y) = 3y + 1
ff(x) = f (y)
= 3y + 1
= 3(3x + 1) + 1
= 9x + 3 + 1
= 9x + 4
(d) Find the value of x for which fg(x) = 1.

from (b)

fg(x) = 4 - 3x²
4 - 3x² = 1
4 - 1= 3x²
3 = 3x²
3x² = 3
x² = 1

x  1,1
3
3
f ( x)  x  4 g ( x)  , x  0
x

(a) f²  ff (x) let f(x)=y = x - 4

 f ( y)
 y4
 ( x  4)  4

 x 8
3
3
f ( x)  x  4 g ( x)  , x  0
x

(a) f²
f ( x)  x  4 f ( x)  x  4

x x4 x44

f 2
 x 8
3
3
f ( x)  x  4 g ( x)  , x  0
x

(b) g f
f ( x)  x  4 3
g ( x) 
x

x x4
3
x4

3
gf ( x ) 
x4
4 x 1
f ( x)  3 x  1 g ( x)  ,x  k
x2

(a) Determine the value of k.

x2 0 x  2
x  2 xk

k  2
4
x 1
f ( x)  3 x  1 g ( x)  ,x  k
x2

(b) f g x 1
g ( x)  f ( x)  3 x  1
x2

x x 1 x 1
3( ) 1
x2 x2

3x  3
fg ( x )  1
x2
4
x 1
f ( x)  3 x  1 g ( x)  ,x  k
x2

(c) gf
f ( x)  3 x  1 x 1
g ( x) 
x2

(3x  1)  1
x 3x  1
(3x  1)  2

3x  2
gf ( x ) 
3x  1
5

f ( x)  3 x  2 g ( x)  1  2 x

(a) f g (x)
g ( x)  1  2 x f ( x)  3 x  2

x 1 2 x 3(1  2 x)  2

fg ( x)  (3  6 x)  2
 5  6x
5

f ( x)  3 x  2 g ( x)  1  2 x

(b) gf(x)
f ( x)  3 x  2 g ( x)  1  2 x

x 3x  2 1  2(3x  2)

gf ( x)  1  (6 x  4)
 1  6x  4
 6 x  3
5

f ( x)  3 x  2 g ( x)  1  2 x

(c) Find the value of x for f(x) = g(x)

f ( x)  g ( x)
3x  2  1  2 x

3x  2 x  1  2

5x  1
1
x
5
5
f ( x)  3 x  2 g ( x)  1  2 x

(d) Find the value of x if f(x) maps to itself.

3x  2  x
3x  x  2
2 x  2
2
x
2
 1
6 f ( x)  ax  b g ( x)  x  5
fg(1)=11 , gf(2)=8

(a) Calculate the value of a and b.

g ( x)  x  5 f ( x)  ax  b
(1) – (2)
1 6 6a  b
6a  b  11
2a  b  3
6a  b  11 1
4a  8
f ( x)  ax  b g ( x)  x  5
a 2
From equation (2)

2 2a  b 2a  b  5 2a  b  3
2(2)  b  3
2a  b  5  8 4b  3
2a  b  3 2 b  1
6 f ( x)  ax  b g ( x)  x  5

(b) What are the value of gf(3)?

from (a) a  2, b  1

f ( x)  2 x  1
f (3)  2(3)  1
5
gff (3)  g (5)
 55
 10
7 g ( x)  5 x  1 h( x)  x 2  2 x  3

Find hg(x). let

g ( x)  y  5x  1

hg (x)  h(y)
 y  2y  3
2

 (5x  1)  2(5x  1)  3
2
h( x)  y  ax  b
h ( x)  hh( x)
2

 h( y )
 ay  b
 a(ax  b)  b
 (a x  ab)  b
2

 a x  ab  b
2

By comparing,
ab  b  35
a  36
2
6b  b  35
a6 7b  35
b  5
9
.

Let g(x) = y = 5x+2

hg (x)  h(y)
 y  4y  3
2

 (5x  2)  4(5x  2)  3
2
10

(a) f(5) = 5 - 1 (b) gf(5)=14

=4 g(4) = 14
k(4)+2 = 14
4k = 14 - 2
4k = 12
k = 12÷4
k=3