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Ventricular System Lecture

The document discusses the ventricular system of the brain, including the four ventricles: lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. It describes the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid from production in the choroid plexuses through the ventricles and absorption in the arachnoid villi.

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Jen Passilan
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT or read online on Scribd
354 views

Ventricular System Lecture

The document discusses the ventricular system of the brain, including the four ventricles: lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. It describes the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid from production in the choroid plexuses through the ventricles and absorption in the arachnoid villi.

Uploaded by

Jen Passilan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 49

VENTRICULAR

SYSTEM
By
Dr. Bernadett Pua Velasco
QUESTION

 Name the ventricles of the


brain (4)
Ventricles of the brain
 Lateral ventricles

 Third ventricle

 Fourth ventricle
Ventricle
 Derived from the cavity of the
neural tube

 Lined by ependyma

 Filled with CSF


Ependyma
 Single layer of cuboidal/columnar
cell that has microvilli and cilia
QUESTION

 Name the three groups of


ependymal cells. Give the
importance of each
Ependyma
 Single layer of cuboidal/columnar
cell that has microvilli and cilia
 3 groups:
– Ependymocytes
– Tanycytes
– Choroidal epithelial cells
Cerebrospinal Fluid
 Clear, colorless fluid

 Found in the ventricles and in the


subarachnoid space around the
brain and spinal cord
QUESTION

 Howmany ml of CSF do we
have in the body
Cerebrospinal Fluid
 Volume: 130ml
 Rate of production: 0.5ml/min
 Composition:
– 15-45mg/100ml= CHON
– 50-85mg/100ml= glucose
 # of cells: 0-3 lymphocytes/mm3
QUESTION

 Whatis the Normal CSF


Pressure
Cerebrospinal Fluid

 Pressure: 60-150 mmH2O


QUESTION

 Givesome instances when


CSF pressure is increased
Cerebrospinal Fluid

 Pressure: 60-150 mmH2O


– Increased by:
 Coughing
 Straining

 Compressing IJV

 Space occupying lesions

 inflammation
QUESTION

 Givesome of the functions


of CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
 Functions:
– Bathes the surfaces of the brain and
SC
– Serves as a cushion
– assist in the regulation of contents
of the skull
– Provides nourishment in the CNS
– Removal of neural metabolism
products
– Endocrine influences
QUESTION

 What structure forms CSF


Cerebrospinal Fluid
 Formed by choroid plexuses of
the lateral, third and fourth
ventricles
Choroid plexuses
 Core of folded connective tissues
that are covered with cuboidal
epithelium of the ependyma
 Free surfaces are covered with
microvilli
Cerebrospinal Fluid
 Circulation
– Choroid plexuses
– Lateral ventricles
– Third ventricle
– Fourth ventricle
– Subarachnoid space
QUESTION

 What structure absorbs


CSF in the brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid
 Absorption
– Arachnoid villi
 Diverticulum of the subarachnoid space
that pierces the dura mater
– Venous sinuses
QUESTION

 Enumerate the flow of CSF


from choroid plexuses to
arachnoid villi
Cerebrospinal Fluid
 Circulation
– Choroid plexuses
– Lateral ventricles
– Third ventricle
– Fourth ventricle
– Subarachnoid space
QUESTION

 Name the divisions of


lateral ventricle (4)
Lateral Ventricles
 C shaped cavity
 Divided into
– Body (parietal lobe)
– Anterior horn (frontal lobe)
– Posterior horn (occipital lobe)
– Inferior horn (temporal lobe)
QUESTION

 Name the communication


between lateral ventricle
and third ventricle
Lateral Ventricles
 Communicates with the third
ventricle through the
interventricular foramen (foramen
of Monroe)
QUESTION

 Name the communication


between third ventricle
and fourth ventricle
Third Ventricle
 Slit like cleft between the 2
thalami
 Communicates with the fourth
ventricle through the cerebral
aqueduct (sylvius)
Fourth Ventricle
 Tent shaped cavity
 Anterior to the cerebellum
 Posterior to the pons and superior
half of the medulla oblangata
QUESTION

 Name the communication


between fourth ventricle
and subarachnoid space
(3)
Fourth Ventricle
 Communicates with the
subarachnoid space through
– Median: foramen of Magendie
– Lateral: foramina of Luschka
QUESTION

 What are the 3 layers of


meninges (outer to inner
layer)
Meninges
 Pia mater
 Arachnoid mater
 Dura mater
Subarachnoid space
 Interval between the arachnoid
mater and pia mater
 Superiorly:
– cerebellomedullary cisterns
– Pontine cisterns
– Lateral aspects of cerebral
hemispheres
 Inferiorly: lower end of SC and
invests the cauda equina
QUESTION

 Enumerate the flow of CSF


from choroid plexuses to
arachnoid villi…again
QUESTION

 Whatis the normal CSF


pressure
Cerebrospinal Fluid

 Pressure: 60-150 mmH2O


– Increased by:
 Coughing
 Straining

 Compressing IJV
QUESTION

 What is hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus
 Abnormal increase in the volume
of CSF within the skull
QUESTION

 Whatare the causes of


hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus
 Abnormal increase in the volume
of CSF within the skull
 Causes
– Excessive formation of CSF
– Blockage in the circulation
– Diminished absorption of CSF
QUESTION

 What are the two types of


hydrocephalus.
Differentiate
Hydrocephalus
 Communicating
 Non-communicating
 Thank you for listening

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