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Aerodynamics and Aircraft Propulsion

This document discusses aerodynamics and aircraft propulsion. It describes how control surfaces like ailerons, elevators, and rudders are used to control the rolling, pitching, and yawing of an aircraft. It also discusses different types of engines used for aircraft propulsion, including piston engines, turbojet engines, and turbofan engines. Turbofan engines in particular provide both thrust and torque, with examples like the CFM-56 and GE90 engines. The document concludes by suggesting improvements to engine design and materials to increase efficiency and safety.

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Narendra Palande
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334 views25 pages

Aerodynamics and Aircraft Propulsion

This document discusses aerodynamics and aircraft propulsion. It describes how control surfaces like ailerons, elevators, and rudders are used to control the rolling, pitching, and yawing of an aircraft. It also discusses different types of engines used for aircraft propulsion, including piston engines, turbojet engines, and turbofan engines. Turbofan engines in particular provide both thrust and torque, with examples like the CFM-56 and GE90 engines. The document concludes by suggesting improvements to engine design and materials to increase efficiency and safety.

Uploaded by

Narendra Palande
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aerodynamics & Aircraft Propulsion

Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics
1. Aircraft Stability and control (Achieved by using control surfaces)

Control surfaces
1. Maneuvering of an aircraft
It is the rolling, pitching, yawing moment of the aircraft

How does it takes place ?

a) Axis of an aircraft

Longitudinal axis Lateral axis Vertical axis

b) Types of control surfaces


Primary control surfaces Aileron Elevator Rudder

Secondary control surfaces


Flap Slat Tabs Vortex generators

C) Unrequired effects of control surfaces


Side slipping

(Un-required movement developed by aileron )


Skidding
(Un-required movement developed by rudder )

Adverse yaw
(Un-required movement developed by aileron )

Aircraft Propulsion

1) Forces acting on an aircrafts

Lift : Upward and perpendicular to RAF Thrust : Force which gives forward motion to aircraft Drag : It opposes to forward motion to aircraft Weight : It act in downward direction due to gravity

1) Thrust
It is the force (propulsive force) required for forward motion of the aircraft as per NEWTONS second law of motion and can be obtain by using engine

2) Engine
It works under the principle of Newton's third law . 1. Air breathing : It uses surrounding environmental air E.g. IC Engine or GTE 2. Non air breathing : Air is in stored form E.g. Engine used for rocket propulsion

1.Air Breathing Engines


It is categorized in to two parts as per their method of

operations
a. Piston engine

It works on constant volume cycle i.e. Otto cycle

b. Gas turbine Engine

It works on constant pressure cycle i.e. Brayton cycle

b. Gas Turbine Engine


It is categorized in to two parts as per their operations
i. Thrust producing: E.g. Turbojet, Turbofan ii. Torque producing E.g. Turbo shaft

Parts of gas turbine engine

Turbofan Engine
.

Turbofan Engine
.

CFM-56/GE90
1

Separate Exhaust
.

Mixed Exhaust

Advantage & disadvantages of turbofan over turbojet

Suggestion For Improvement


Employ active cooling
Design better material and alloys which retain their

strength at high temperature


Design engines which switch from scramjet to ramjet

Future Vision
Decreased gross lift-off weight Smaller facilities & easier handling Leading to higher safety Flight can be aborted, while the vehicle glides back to earth Mission can be more flexible Wider range of emergency landing sites for intact abort

References
http://virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov/aeronautics/5.htm
http://www.zenith.aero/profiles/blogs/installing-micro-vortex http://www.rc-airplane-world.com/rc-airplane-controls.html http://www.cap-ny153.org/aircraftcontrols.htm http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Propulsion/intermediate/components-01.html http://www.clemson.edu/ces/camsil/Edu_NASA.htm

By Narendra Luis Palande University of Glamorgan [email protected]

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