A SOLUTION THROUGH INTEGRAL

TRANSFORMS FOR LAMINAR FLOW IN

ANNULAR DUCTS WITH ROTATION

Carlos Clio Souza da Cruz, Joo N.N. Quaresma, Evaldiney
Ribeiro Monteiro* and Luiz Mariano Pereira**

Laboratory of Process Simulation - LSP
School of Chemical Engineering FEQ/UFPA, Brasil
*Mining Engineering Department, CSSPA/UFPA, Brasil
**Mechanical Engineering Department, Fundao Universidade
Federal do Vale do So Francisco, UNIVASF , Brasil

19th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering
COBEM2007, Brasilia, Brazil Nov. 5-9, 2007
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Motivation & Objectives
Laminar flow in ducts of annular geometry involving
Newtonian fluids is frequently found in several engineering
applications, such as those in industrial processing plants,
mainly in heat exchange devices, cooling systems and
tubular heat exchangers.

The present work aims at utilizing the ideas in the GITT
approach to construct a hybrid analytical-numerical
solution for the flow development in circular tubes.
LSP/FEQ/UFPA

Geometry

Geometry and coordinate system for developing annular flow with
rotation of the inner wall.

z
r

o
r
i
r
0
u
Rotating wall with angular velocity e
Fixed wall
LSP/FEQ/UFPA

GITT
Problem Formulation

Boundary conditions:
2
2 2 2
v v v v v v 1 1 1
r z r z r r z r r
r r r
u u u u u u
c c c c c c c
+ = +
c c c c c c
c
3 2 2 2 4 3 2
2
3 2 2 2 4 3 2 2 3
v 1 3 3 1 1 2 3 3
2 v
r z r r r r r r z z r r
r r r r z r r r r r
u
u
| | | |
c c c c c c c c c c c c
+ = + | |
| |
c c c c c c c
c c c c c c c
\ . \ .
2 2
1
(r )
(r, 0) C
2

=
v (r, 0) 0
u
=

1
(r, ) C =
;
( , z)
0
r
c
=
c
v ( , z) 1
u
=

2
(1, z) C =
(1, z)
0
r
c
=
c
v (1, z) 0
u
=
; ;
;
;
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
GITT
Filtering Strategy

,f ,F
v (r, z) v (r) v (r, z)
u u u
= + (r, z) (r) (r, z)

= +|
3 2 3 2 3 2
3 2 2 3 2 2 2
d d d d 1 3 3 3 3 1 1
r z r r r dr r dr r r r z
r r r dr dr r r z

| | | |
c| c | c | c| c| c | c | | |
| + + + + |
|
| |
c c c c c
\ . c c c c
\ . \ .
( )
4 3 2
,F
2
,f ,F
4 3 2 2 3
v
2 3 3
2 v v
z r r
r r r r r
u
u u
c
c | c | c | c|
+ = +
c c
c c c
2
,f ,F ,f ,F ,F ,F ,F ,F
2 2 2 2
dv v v v v v v v
d 1 1 1
r z dr r z r dr r z r r
r r r r
u u u u u u u u

c c c c | | | | c| c| c| | |
+ + + + = +
| |
|
c c c c c c
\ . c
\ . \ .
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
GITT
Filtering Strategy

Boundary conditions:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
m m
2 (r ) (r )
(r, 0) r r ln r ln 2r 2 r
4 2
(

| = + + (
|
(

,F
2
1
v (r, 0) r
r
(1 )
u
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
, z 0 | =
( , z)
0
r
c|
=
c
,F
v ( , z) 0
u
=
(1, z) 0 | =
(1, z)
0
r
c|
=
c
,F
v (1, z) 0
u
=
;
;
; ; ;
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
GITT
Eigenvalue Problem & Transform Pair
- For the potential |(r,z):
2
2
4 i i
i i
2
d (r) d (r) 1
(r) 0
r dr
dr
(
O O
+ O = (
(

i
i
d ( )
( ) 0; 0
dr
O
O = =
i
i
d (1)
(1) 0; 0
dr
O
O = =
0 i 0 i
i 1 0 i 2 0 i 3 4
0 i 0 i
I ( r) K ( r)
(r) A J ( r) A Y ( r) A A
I ( ) K ( )

O = + + +

4
ij j
j 1
P A 0; i 1, 2, 3, 4
=
= =

0 i
0 i 0 i
0 i
0 i
0 i 0 i
0 i
1 i 1 i
1 i 1 i
0 i 0 i
1 i 1 i
1 i 1 i
0 i 0 i
I ( )
J ( ) Y ( ) 1
I ( )
K ( )
J ( ) Y ( ) 1
K ( )
I ( ) K ( )
J ( ) Y ( )
I ( ) K ( )
I ( ) K ( )
J ( ) Y ( )
I ( ) K ( )
(

(

(
(

(

(
=
(

(

(
(

(
(

P
Det( ) 0 = P
1
i j
i
0, i j
r (r) (r)dr
M , i j

=
O O =

=

}
1
2 2 2 2
i i 0 i 2 0 i 0 i 2 0 i
M r (r)dr [J ( ) A Y ( )] [J ( ) A Y ( )]

= O = + +
}
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
GITT
Eigenvalue Problem & Transform Pair
- For the potential vu,F(r,z):
2 i
i i
2
dX (r) 1 d 1
r X (r) 0
r dr dr
r
| | (
=
|
(
\ .
i i
X ( ) 0; X (1) 0 = =
1 i 1 i
i
1 i 1 i
J ( r) Y ( r)
X (r)
J ( ) Y ( )

=

1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
J ( )Y ( ) J ( )Y ( ) 0, i=1,2,3... =
1
i j
i
0, i j
rX (r)X (r)dr
N , i j

=
=

=

}
1
2 2
2 1 i 1 i
i i
2 2 2 2 2
i 1 i 1 i 1 i
0
[J ( ) J ( )] 2
N rX (r)dr
Y ( )J ( )J ( )

= =
t
}
1
i i
(z) r (r) (r, z)dr

| = O |
}
i i
i 1
(r, z) (r) (z)

=
| = O |

- For the streamfunction field: - For the tangential velocity component:

1
,i i ,F
v (z) rX (r)v (r, z)dr
u u

=
}
,F i ,i
i 1
v (r, z) X (r)v (z)

u u
=
=

where
1/ 2
i i i
(r) (r) / M O = O and
1/ 2
i i i
X (r) X (r) / N = are the normalized eigenfunctions.
transform
inverse
transform
inverse
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
GITT
Transformed System
Applying the operator [ri(r)] and [rXi(r)]
j , j
ij ij ij j
j 1 j 1 j 1
d (z) dv (z)
A B C (z), i=1,2,3...
dz dz

u
= = =
|
+ = |

j , j
ij ij ij , j
j 1 j 1 j 1
d (z) dv (z)
D E F v (z), i=1,2,3...
dz dz

u
u
= = =
|
+ =

i i
(0) f | =
,i i
v (0) g
u
=
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
GITT
Transformed System
where
ij ij ijk k
k 1
A G H (z);

=
= + |

ij ij ijk ,k
k 1
B I J v (z);

u
=
= +

1
(iv) ''' '' '
ij i j j j j
2
3 3
C (r) r (r) 2 (r) (r) (r) dr
r
r

(
= O O O + O O
(

}
ij ij ijk ,k
k 1
D K L v (z);

u
=
= +

ij ij ijk k
k 1
E M N (z);

=
= + |

2
ij ij i
F = o
1
''' '' ' '' ' ' '
ij i j j j
2
3 3 1
G (r) (r) (r) (r) (r) (r) (r) (r) (r) dr
r r
r

(
= O O + O + O
`
(
)
}
1
''' '' ' '' ' ' '
ijk i j k k k j k j k
2
3 3 1
H (r) (r) (r) (r) (r) (r) (r) (r) (r) dr
r r
r

(
= O O O O + O O O + O O
`
(
)
}
1
2
ij i j ,f
I 2 r (r)X (r)v (r)dr;
u

= O
}
1
2
ijk i j k
J 2 r (r)X (r)X (r)dr

= O
}
1
'
ij i j ,f ,f
1
K X (r) (r) v (r) v (r) dr;
r
u u

(
= O +
(

}
1
'
ijk i j k k
1
L X (r) (r) X (r) X (r) dr
r

(
= O +
(

}
1
'
ij i j
M X (r)X (r) (r)dr;

=
}
1
'
ijk i j k
N X (r)X (r) (r)dr

= O
}
1
2 2
i i
(r )
f r (r) (r) dr
2

(

= O + (
(

}
1
i i ,f
g rX (r)v (r)dr
u

=
}
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
GITT

Velocity Fields:
i i
r
i 1
(r) d (z)
v (r, z)
r dz

=
O |
=

( )
2 2 i
z m i
i 1
(r) 2
v (r, z) 1 r 2r ln r (z)
r

=
'
O
= + |
|

i ,i
2
i 1
1
v (r, z) r X (r)v (z)
r
(1 )

u u
=
| |
= +
|
\ .

LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Results
Convergence behavior of the streamfunction at different axial
positions for Rt = Re2/Ta = 1 and = 0.5.
r
(r,z) for Rt = Re
2
/Ta = 1, = 0.5
NT = 10 NT=20 NT=40 NT=60 NT=100
Z = 0.003 Z = 0.030 Z = 0.003 Z = 0.030 Z = 0.003 Z = 0.030 Z = 0.003 Z = 0.030 Z = 0.003 Z = 0.030
0.5 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.55 -0.012424 -0.010378 -0.012379 -0.010378 -0.012352 -0.010379 -0.012344 -0.010379 -0.012339 -0.010379
0.60 -0.040649 -0.036204 -0.040564 -0.036206 -0.040508 -0.036206 -0.040490 -0.036206 -0.040479 -0.036207
0.65 -0.078677 -0.074862 -0.078684 -0.074865 -0.078653 -0.074866 -0.078640 -0.074866 -0.078631 -0.074866
0.70 -0.122260 -0.123120 -0.122510 -0.123120 -0.122570 -0.123130 -0.122580 -0.123130 -0.122580 -0.123130
0.75 -0.169560 -0.177290 -0.170120 -0.177290 -0.170310 -0.177290 -0.170350 -0.177290 -0.170370 -0.177290
0.80 -0.220000 -0.233210 -0.220810 -0.233220 -0.221110 -0.233220 -0.221170 -0.233220 -0.221210 -0.233220
0.85 -0.272290 -0.286300 -0.273140 -0.286300 -0.273450 -0.286300 -0.273530 -0.286300 -0.273570 -0.286300
0.90 -0.321940 -0.331430 -0.322510 -0.331430 -0.322730 -0.331430 -0.322790 -0.331430 -0.322820 -0.331430
0.95 -0.359910 -0.363030 -0.360100 -0.365220 -0.360170 -0.363030 -0.360190 -0.363030 -0.360200 -0.363030
1.00 -0.375000 -0.375000 -0.375000 -0.375000 -0.375000 -0.375000 -0.375000 -0.375000 -0.375000 -0.375000
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Results
Velocity profile vz for = 0.2 at Z = 0.002.

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
r
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
v
z
NT=10
NT=20
NT=40
NT=60
Sayed-Ahmed and Sharaf-El-Din(2006)
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Results
Velocity profile vz for = 0.5 at Z = 0.002.

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
r
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
v
z
NT=10
NT=20
NT=40
NT=60
NT=100
Sayed-Ahmed and Sharaf-El-Din(2006)
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Results
Velocity profile vr for = 0.2 at Z = 0.002

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-16
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
r
-16
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
v
r
NT=10
NT=20
NT=40
NT=60
Sayed-Ahmed and Sharaf-El-Din(2006)
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Results
Velocity profile vr for = 0.5 at Z = 0.002.

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
r
-8
-4
0
4
V
r
NT=10
NT=20
NT=40
NT=60
NT=100
Sayed-Ahmed and Sharaf-El-Din(2006)
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Results
Velocity profile vu for = 0.2 at Z = 0.002.

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
r
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
v
u
Sayed-Ahmed and Sharaf-El-Din(2006)
NT=10
NT=20
NT=40
NT=60
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Results
Velocity profile vu for = 0.5 at Z = 0.002.

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
r
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
v
u
Sayed-Ahmed and Sharaf-El-Din(2006)
NT=10
NT=20
NT=40
NT=60
NT=100
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Concluding Remarks
-The Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) was
further extended towards laminar flow in annular ducts with
rotation of the inner wall, here modeled by the boundary layer
equations in cylindrical coordinates, with the employment of
the streamfunction formulation.

-The hybrid numerical-analytical solution of developing
Numerical results for the streamfunction and the velocity
components thus produced.

-The excellent agreement of the present results with previously
reported ones demonstrates the consistency of this approach
and adequacy for benchmarking such class of problems.
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Major References
-Coney, J.E.R. and El-Shaarawi, M.A.I., 1974, A Contribution to the
Numerical Solution of Developing Laminar Flow in the Entrance Region of
Concentric Annuli with Rotating Inner Walls, Journal of Fluids Engineering,
Vol. 96, pp. 333-340.
-Cotta, R.M., 1994, Benchmark Results in Computational Heat and Fluid
Flow: - The Integral Transform Method, International Journal of Heat and
Mass Transfer (Invited Paper), Vol. 37 (Suppl. 1), pp. 381-393.
-Cotta, R.M. and Mikhailov, M.D., 2006, Hybrid Methods and Symbolic
Computations, in: Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer, 2nd edition,
Chapter 16, Eds. W.J. Minkowycz, E.M. Sparrow, and J.Y. Murthy, John
Wiley, New York, pp. 493-522.
-Monteiro, E.R., Macdo, E.N., Quaresma, J.N.N. and Cotta, R.M., 2004, A
Solution through Integral Transforms for Fully Developed Flow in Doubly
Connected Ducts, Proceedings of the 10th Brazilian Congress of Thermal
Sciences and Engineering -- ENCIT 2004, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Paper CIT04-
0528.
LSP/FEQ/UFPA
Special Thanks !
CNPq


CAPES