6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
1
Applications of Advective Transport System
The Streeter-Phelps equation
The most well-known expression of the advective transport principle is the Streeter-Phelps
equation (Thomann and Mueller, 1987; Schnoor, 1996). The equation model the dissolved oxygen
(DO) profile in a stream resulting from organic waste discharge. The Streeter-Phelps equation is a
widely accepted model for simulating the DO level to assess the effects of point source of BOD in
a receiving stream.
The major assumptions employed in developing the model are
Transport
C The mass flow pattern is advective (plug flow).
C The mass flow pattern is one-dimensional (1-D); that is, instantaneous mixing occurs in the
lateral and vertical directions as the constituent is introduced, and that water proceeds through
the stream in the longitudinal direction.
C The DO consuming waste is introduced from a point source to a receiving stream.
Reactions
C The DO consuming waste is only carbonaceous BOD (CBOD).
C The oxygen transfer mechanism is atmospheric reaeration
C All the associated reactions follow the first-order decay kinetics.
The further assumption is that reactions occur in a parallel, irreversible consecutive mode as
shown in Figure x.2.1.
k
a
Suspended
solid BOD
Dissolved oxygen
k
d
k
s
BOD
(L)
DO deficit
(D)
Figure x. 2.1 Parallel, irreversible consecutive reactions employed in the Streeter-Phelps model: k
d
= deoxygenation rate constant; k
s
= suspended solid BOD sedimentation rate constant (Schnoor,
1996).
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
2
BOD Reaction Kinetics
Based on the reaction pathways shown in Figure x.2.1, the reaction of BOD may be expressed as
dL
dt
k L k L
rxn
d s
|
\
|
= (x.2.01)
where (dL/dt)
rxn
= change in L due to reaction
L = BOD, mg/L
t = time, d
k
d
= deoxygenation rate constant,d
-1
k
s
= suspended solid BOD sedimentation rate constant, d
-1
, (k
s
= k
r
- k
d
)
Let us consider k
r
= k
d
+ k
s
, then k
s
= k
r
- k
d
( )
dL
dt
k L k k L
rxn
d r d
|
\
|
= (x.2.02)
where k
r
= total BOD die-away rate constant, d
-1
.
Eq. (x.02) reduces to
dL
dt
k L
rxn
r
|
\
|
= (x.2.03)
Integrating Eq. (x.2.03) with respect to t, we obtain
0
1
L t
r
Lo
k dt
L
=
(x.2.04)
Evaluating these integrals, we obtain
ln
r
o
L
k t
L
= (x.2.05)
r
k t
o
L
e
L
= (x.2.06)
Solving explicitly for y, we obtain
r
o
k t
L L e
= (x.2.07)
Eq. x.207 describes the change in BOD with time due to the reactions shown in Figure x.2.1.
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
3
Mass Balance for BOD
An ideal plug-flow system for the channel with the cross-sectional area, A, flow, Q, velocity, u,
and BOD, L, is illustrated in Figure x.01.
V = A x
Q
u L L+ L A
Q Q
x
Figure x.01 A section of channel of an ideal plug-flow system: A= the cross-sectional area, Q =
flow, u = velocity, and L = BOD.
The mass balance developed around an incremental volume V is given as
( )
- ( ) -
r
d VL
QL Q L L k LV
dt
= +
(x.04)
The derivative of the product d(VC)/dt is given by
- - -
r
dL dV
V L QL QL Q L k LV
dt dt
+ = (x.05)
For the constant incremental volume (dV/dt = 0), Eq. x.05 reduces to
- -
r
dL
V Q L k LV
dt
= (x.06)
Dividing Eq x.05 by the differential volume V (= Ax) yields
- -
r
dL Q L
k L
dt A x
(x.07)
The limit of Eq x.06 as x0 is
r
k
L Q L
L
t A x
= (x.08)
Note that Eq x.08 is a partial differential equation because the concentration, C, is a function of
time, t, as well as distance, x. Eq x.08 is also given as
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
4
r
L L
u k L
t x
= (x.09)
where u = mean velocity (u = Q/A), LT
-1
Eq x.08 is the general plug-flow equation for the first-order decay reaction.
At steady state (C/t = 0), Eq x.08 is expressed as
0 - -
r
d L
u k L
d x
= (x.10)
Rearranging Eq. x.09 yields
-
r
k dL
L
dx u
= (x.11)
With a boundary condition of C = C
in
at x = 0, Eq x.10 can be integrated as
0
1
o
L x
r
L
k
dL dx
L u
=
(x.12)
Evaluating these integrals, we obtain
ln -
r
k L
x
Lo u
= (x.13)
ln ln
r o
x
L k L
u
= +
ln ln
r o
L k t L = +
where t = travel time (t = x/u), T
ln Lo
ln L
kr
t = x/u
Note : use ultimate BOD to estimate k
r
because k
d
may vary with the river stretch, x.
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
5
-( / )
r
o
k u x
L
e
L
= (x.14)
Solving for C, we obtain
-( / )
r
o
k u x
L L e = (x.15)
or
L L e
o
k t
r
=
(x.16)
where t = travel time (t = x/u), T
b) Mass balance for DO deficit (D)
An ideal plug-flow system for the channel with the cross-sectional area, A, flow, Q, velocity, u,
and DO deficit, D, is illustrated in Figure x.02.
The DO deficit is given as
D = C
s
C (x.01)
D
o
= C
s
- C
o
(x. 02)
where D = DO deficit, mg/L
D
o
= DO deficit at x =0, mg/L
C = DO concentration, mg/L
C
s
= DO concentration at saturation, mg/L
C
o
= DO concentration at x=0, mg/L
V = A x
Q
u D D+ D A
Q Q
x
Figure x.02 A section of channel of an ideal plug-flow system: A= the cross-sectional area, Q =
flow, u = velocity, D = DO deficit.
The mass balance developed around an incremental volume V is given as
( )
( )
d a
d VD
QD Q D D k LV k DV
dt
= + +
(x.04)
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
6
The derivative of the product d(VC)/dt is given by
d a
dD dV
V D QD QD Q D k LV k DV
dt dt
+ = + (x.05)
For the constant incremental volume (dV/dt = 0), Eq. x.05 reduces to
d a
dD
V Q D k LV k DV
dt
= + (x.06)
Dividing Eq x.05 by the differential volume V (= Ax) yields
d a
dD Q D
k L k D
dt A x
= +
(x.07)
The limit of Eq x.06 as x0 is
d a
D Q D
k L k D
t A x
= + (x.08)
Note that Eq x.08 is a partial differential equation because the concentration, C, is a function of
time, t, as well as distance, x. Eq x.08 is also given as
d a
D D
u k L k D
t x
= + (x.09)
where u = mean velocity (u = Q/A), LT
-1
Eq x.08 is the general plug-flow equation for the first-order decay reaction.
At steady state (D/t = 0), Eq x.08 is expressed as
0
a d
d D
u k D k L
d x
= + (x.10)
Rearranging Eq. x.10 yields
a d
k k dD
D L
dx u u
+ = (x.11)
where
-( / )
r
o
k u x
L L e = (x.15)
Substituting Eq. x.15 into x.11, we obtain
-
r
a d o
k x
u
dD k k L
D e
dx u u
+ = (x.15)
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
7
Let us solve using the integrating factor method.
0
( )
x
a a
k k
x dx x
u u
= =
(x.15)
0
- - -
a a a r
x
d o
o
k k k k
x x x x
u u u u
k L
D D e e e e dx
u
= +
(x.15)
0
- - -
a a a r
x
d o
o
k k k k
x x x
u u u
k L
D D e e e dx
u
= +
(x.15)
0
- -
a a a r
x
d o
o
a r
k k k k
x x x
u u u
k L u
D D e e e
u k k
= +
(x.15)
- - -
- -
a a a r
d o
o
a r a r
k k k k
x x x
u u u
k L u u
D D e e e
u k k k k
| |
= +
|
|
\
(x.15)
- - -
-1
-
a a a r
d o
o
a r
k k k k
x x x
u u u
k L
D D e e e
k k
| |
= +
|
|
\
(x.15)
- - -
-
-
a a r
d o
o
a r
k k k
x x x
u u u
k L
D D e e e
k k
| |
= +
|
|
\
(x.15)
Substituting Eqs. x.01 and x.02 into Eq. (x.15), we obtain
D = C
s
C (x.01)
D
o
= C
s
- C
o
(x. 02)
( )
- - -
- - - -
-
a a r
k k k
x x x
d o u u u
s s o
a r
k L
C C C C e e e
k k
| |
=
|
\
(x.15)
This equation is the DO sag equation of Streeter-Phelps (Thomann and Mueller, 1987).
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
8
Critical DO Deficit, D
c
The general plug-flow equation for the first-order decay reaction is
d a
D D
u k L k D
t x
= + (x.09)
The steady state equation is
d a
dD
u k L k D
dx
= (1)
The steady state solution is
0
0
a a r
k k k
x x x
d u u u
a r
k L
D D e e e
k k
| |
= +
|
\
r
k x
u
o
L L e
=
L
x
D
x
Lo
Dc
x
c
c
0 at x
dD
dx
=
c
at x
d a
k L k D =
At critical DO deficit, 0
dD
dx
=
From (1)
d a c
k L k D =
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
9
Rate of deoxygenation = Rate of reaeration
d
c
a
k
D L
k
=
where
r
c
k
x
u
o
L L e
=
k
d
k
a
L D C
BOD
L
DO Dissolved
Deficit Oxygen
Steady state eqn
d a
dD
u k L k D
dx
= (1)
where
r
c
o
k
x
u
L L e
= (2)
Substituting Eq. (2) into Eq. (1)
dD
u
dx
r
k
x
u
d o a
k L e k D
=
Since 0
dD
dx
= at the peak,
0
r
d o a c
k
x
u
k L e k D
=
r
c
r c d o d o
c
a a
k
x
k t
u
k L k L
D e
k k
e
= =
where x
c
= critical distance
t
c
= critical time
To determine the critical DO deficit D
c
, x
c
and t
c
must be determined.
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
10
Derivation of Xc
Method 1
0
0
a a r
c c c
k k k
x x x
d u u u
c
a r
k L
D D e e e
k k
| |
= +
|
\
(1)
0
r
c
k
x
d u
c
a
k L
D e
k
= (2)
(1) = (2)
a a r r
c c c c
k k k k
x x x x
d o d o u u u u
o
a r a
k L k L
D e e e e
k k k
| |
+ =
|
|
\
divided by
r
c
k
x
u
e
( ) ( )
1
a r a r
c c
k k k k
x x
d o d o u u
o
a r a
k L k L
D e e
k k k
| |
+ = |
|
\
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
a r a r
c c
a r a r
c c
k k k k
x x
d o d o d o u u
o
a r a r a
k k k k
x x
d o d o d o u u
o
a r a a r
k L k L k L
D e e
k k k k k
k L k L k L
D e e
k k k k k
+ =
+ =
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
0
a r
c
a r
c
k k
x
d d o d o u
o
a r a a r
k k
x
o a r d o d o a r a d o
u
a r a a r
k L k L k L
e D
k k k k k
D k k k L k L k k k k L
e
k k k k k
| |
=
|
\
| |
=
|
\
( )
( )
0
0 0
a r
c
k k
x
d a
a r d
u
a r
k L k
D k k k L
e
k k
| |
=
|
\
0 0 d r a d
k L k k k L
( )
( )
( )
0
a r
c
a a r
k k
x
d r u
a a r
k k k
k L k
e
k k k
a
k k
| |
|
|
\
( )
0 0
r
a r d
D k k k L
| |
|
|
\
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
11
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
0
0
0
0
a r
c
a r
c
a r
c
k k
x
d r u
a a r d o
k k
x
a a r d o
u
d o r
k k
x
a d o o a r
u
d r
k L k
e
k D k k k L
k D k k k L
e
k L k
k k L D k k
e
k L k
=
=
=
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
ln 1
a r
c
a r
c
k k
x
o a r a d o u
r d o d o
k k
x
o a r a u
r d o
a r a r a o
c
r o d
D k k k k L
e
k k L k L
D k k k
e
k k L
k k k k k D
x
u k L k
| |
=
|
\
| |
=
|
\
| |
=
|
\
( )
ln 1
a r a o
c
a r r o d
k k k D u
x
k k k L k
| |
=
|
\
Method 2
0
0
a a r
c c c
k k k
x x x
d u u u
c
a r
k L
D D e e e
k k
| |
= +
|
\
(1)
0
r
c
k
x
d u
c
a
k L
D e
k
= (2)
(2) = (1)
0 0
0
0 0 0
a a r r
c c c c
a r
c c
r
c
k k k k
x x x x
d d u u u u
a a r
k k
x x
u u
d d
k
x
a a r
u
k L k L
e D e e e
k k k
k L D e k L e
k k k
e
| |
= +
|
\
= +
r
c
k
x
u
e
0
0 0 0
0
a
c
r
c
r a r a
c c
k
x
u
d
k
x
a r
u
k k k k
x x
u u d d d
a a r a r
k L e
k k
e
k L k L k L
D e e
k k k k k
| | | |
| |
\ \
= +
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
12
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
0
r a r a
c c
r a
c
k k k k
x x
u u d d d
a a r a r
k k
x
u d d d
a a r a r
k L k L k L
D e e
k k k k k
k L k L k L
e D
k k k k k
| | | |
| |
\ \
| |
|
\
=
| |
=
|
\
( )
( )
0 0
0 0
0
0
r a
c
d a r a d
d d
k k
x
a a r
u a a r
d
a r
k L k k k k L
k L k L
k k k
k k k
e
k L
D
k k
| |
|
\
= =
( )
( )
0 0 a r d
a r
D k k k L
k k
0
r a
c
k k
x
a d
u
k k L
e
| |
|
\
=
0 0 r d a d
k k L k k L
( ) ( )
0
0 0 0 0
r d
a a r a d a a r a d
k k L
k D k k k k L k D k k k k L
=
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
1
r a
c
a r
c
k k
x
a a r a d a r d u a
r d r d
k k
x
d a r a r u a a
r d r d
k D k k k k L D k k k L k
e
k k L k k L
k L D k k D k k k k
e
k k L k k L
| |
|
\
| |
|
\
(
= =
(
( (
= =
( (
( )
0
0
ln 1
a r a r a
c
r d
k k k k k D
x
u k L k
(
=
(
( )
0
0
ln 1
a r a
c
a r r d
k k k D u
x
k k k L k
(
=
(
Method 3
0
0
a a r
c c c
k k k
x x x
d u u u
c
a r
k L
D D e e e
k k
| |
= +
|
\
(1)
0
r
c
k
x
d u
c
a
k L
D e
k
= (2)
(2) = (1)
0 0
0
a a r r
c c c c
k k k k
x x x x
d d u u u u
a a r
k L k L
e D e e e
k k k
| |
= +
|
\
Divide by
r
c
k
x
u
e
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
13
0 0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0
1
1
r a r a
c c
a r a r a r
c c c
k k k k
x x
u u d d
a a r
k k k k k k
x x x
u u u d d d d
a a r a r a r
k L k L
D e e
k k k
k L k L k L k L
e D e D e
k k k k k k k
| | | |
| |
\ \
| | | | | |
| | |
\ \ \
(
= + (
(
(
= + = + (
(
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
a r a r
c c
a r
c
a r
c
k k k k
x x
u u d d d
a a r a r
k k
x
a r d u d d
a a r a r
k k
x
d a r a d a r d u
a a r a r
k L k L k L
e e D
k k k k k
D k k k L k L k L
e
k k k k k
k L k k k k L D k k k L
e
k k k k k
| | | |
| |
\ \
| |
|
\
| |
|
\
=
| |
=
|
\
| |
=
|
|
\
( )
0 0
a r
c
k k
x
a r d u
a r
D k k k L
e
k k
| |
|
\
=
( )
a a r
k k k
( )
( )
0 0
0 0
0
a r
c
d a r a d
k k
x
a a r d
u
a d
k L k k k k L
k D k k k L
e
k k L
| |
|
\
(
=
0 0 r d a d
k k L k k L
( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
0 0
a r
c
k k
x
a a r a d a d a a r u
r d r d
k D k k k k L k k L k D k k
e
k k L k k L
| |
|
\
= =
( )
( )
0 0
0
0
0
1
a r
c
a r
c
k k
x
d a r u a
r d
k k
x
a r u a
r d
k L D k k k
e
k k L
k k k D
e
k L k
| |
|
\
| |
|
\
(
=
(
(
=
(
( )
0
0
ln 1
a r a r a
c
r d
k k k k k D
x
u k L k
( | |
=
( |
\
( )
ln 1
a r a o
c
a r r o d
k k k D u
x
k k k L k
(
=
(
Since u = x
c
/t
c
, t
c
= x
c
/u
( ) 1
ln 1
a r a o
c
a r r o d
k k k D
t
k k k L k
(
=
(
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
14
Boundary Conditions
0
s s
mix
Q L
L L = =
w w
s w
Q L
Q Q
+
+
w w
s s
s s w w
mix o
s w
s s w w
mix o
s w
Q L W
Q Q
Q DO Q DO
DO DO
Q Q
QT Q T
T T
Q Q
= =
+
= =
+
+
= =
+
The reaeration rate constant
Davis and Cornwell (1998)(p. 311) describes OConnor and Dobbins, 1968) as
0.5
1.5
3.9
a
u
k
H
=
where k
a
= the reaeration rate constant at 20C, d
-1
u = the average stream velocity, m/s
H = the average depth, m
k
d
= k
d,20
(T-20)
k
a
= k
a,20
(T-20)
where
k
d
= the deoxygenation rate constant at temperature T, day
-1
k
d,20
= the deoxygenation rate constant at a reference temperature 20C, day
-1
k
a
= the reaeration rate constant at temperature T, day
-1
k
a,20
= the reaeration rate constant at a reference temperature 20C C, day
-1
T = any temperature within the range, usually 0 - 30C
= the number raised to the power (T - 20)
= 1.047 - 1.048 for deoxygenation
= 1.024 for reaeration
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
15
Heat Balance
( ) ( )
( )
3
3
3 3
3
m
1 , 25 C =273+25 C=298 K
s
m
10 , 15 C =273+15 C=288 K
s
1)
m m
10 15 C 1 25 C
s s
15.91 C
m
10 1
s
w w
s s
s s w w
mix
s w
Q T
Q T
Q T Q T
T
Q Q
= =
= =
| | | |
+
| |
+
\ \
= = =
+
+
2) Based on the Thermodynamics 1
st
Law
The conservation of mass equation for multiple-stream-flow system
1 2 3
m m m
+ =
The conservation of energy equation:
( ) Q W E H KE PE m h Ke Pe
Q W m h Ke
= = + + = + +
= +
Pe +
( )
Q
2
2
out
out
out
v
m h
= +
out
gz +
2
2
in
in
in
v
m h
| |
+ |
|
\
in
gz +
| |
|
|
\
Note: no heat or work is crossing the boundaries 0 , 0 Q W
| |
|
\
Note: the kinetic and potential energies are negligible ( ) , ke o pe o
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
16
( ) ( )
1
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3
1 1 2 2
3
1 2
3
3
0
10
out out in in
s
m h m h m h m h m h m m h
m h m h
h
m m
kg
m PQ
m
| |
= = + = = +
|
\
+
=
+
= =
3
10 m
| |
|
|
\
2
3
3
10000
10
w
kg
s s
kg
m PQ
m
| |
= |
|
\
= =
3
1m
| |
|
|
\
1000
kg
s s
| |
= |
|
\
From the Table A-4 (Saturated water-temperature table)
( )
1
2
3
@15 62.99
@25 104.89
10000 62.99 1000 104.89
66.80
10000 1000
stream j
wastewater j
kJ
h h h C
kg
kJ
h h h C
kg
kg kJ kg kJ
s kg s kg kJ
h
kg
kg
s
= = =
= = =
| | | |
| | | |
+
| | | |
\ \
\ \
= =
+
From A-4 Saturated water temperature table
T ( C)
h
kj
kg
15
62.99
20 83.96
Use linear interpolation
83.96 62.99 83.96 66.80
20 15 20
17.16
4.194
20
T
T
=
=
Solve for T
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
17
4.194(20 ) 17.16
83.88 4.194 17.16
83.88 17.16
15.91
4.194
T
T
T C
=
=
= =
3)
3
3
1 , 25 (298 )
10 , 15 (288 )
w w
s s
m
Q T C K
s
m
Q T C K
s
= =
= =
Heat
4.19
.
kj
kj kg
kg K
= K
| |
|
\
( )
( ) ( )
4.19
.
0
0
15 25 0
s w
s s w w
s s w w
s s s mix w w w mix
kj
C C
kg K
m C T m C T
m C T m C T
Q C T C Q C T C
= =
+ =
+ =
+ =
Where
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
15 25 0
15 25 0
s w mix
s mix w mix
s mix s w mix w
C C C
Q T C Q T C
Q T Q C Q T Q C
= =
+ =
+ =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 3
3
15 25
15 25
10 15 1 25
15.91
10 1
s w mix s w
s w
mix
s w
mix
Q Q T Q C Q C
Q C Q C
T
Q Q
m m
C C
s s
T C
m
s
+ = +
+
=
+
| | | |
+
| |
\ \
= =
+
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
18
PROBLEM SET
1. From the Streeter-Phelps equation, derive the following equations for critical decicit (DC) and
critical distance (Xc).
0
0 0
0
0 0
0
ln if
ln 1- if not
r c
k x
u d
c
a
a
c
a r r
a a d
c
a r r d
k L
D e
k
k u
x D L
k k k
k k k D u
x D L
k k k k L
| |
|
\
=
=
| |
=
|
2. Solve the Advective Transport Streeter-Phelps equation with additional NBOD term to sink
for oxygen gas????.
( )
( )
a a n
d VD
QD Q D D k LV k DV k NV
dt
= + + +
Solution:
( )
( )
0
0
if
a a a r r
a a a
k k k k k
x x x x x
d o a o u u u u u
a r a n
d n r
k k k k k
x x x x x
o a o u u u u u
a a
k L k N
D D e e e e e
k k k k
k k k k
kL k N
D D e e e e e
k k k k
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ \
= = =
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ \
( )
( )
0
a a
k k k
x x x
u u u
o o
a
k
D D e L N e e
k k
| || |
= + +
| |
| |
\ \
( )
( )
a a n
d VC
QD Q D D k LV k DV k NV
dt
dC dV
V C
dt dt
= + + +
+
( )
a a n
QD Q D D k LV k DV k NV = + + +
At steady state
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
19
0
note:
d
n
d a n
k
x
u
o
k
x
u
o
dD
u k L k D k N
dx
L L e
N N e
+ + =
=
=
Upon substitution,
d n
d n
k k
x x
u u
a d o n o
k k
x x
u u
a d o n o
dD
u k D k L e k N e
dx
dD
u k D k L e k N e
dx
= + +
+ = +
,
0
Let
For 0
0
a
h p
k
x
h
u
h a h h
x
h a a a
h
D D D
dD
D u k D D Ae
dx
dD k k k
D dx x
dx u u u
= +
+ = =
+ = =
( ) ( )
, 1 2
1 2
1 1 2 2 0 0
For assume,
d n
d n
d n d n
k k
x x
u u
p p
k k
x x
p
d n
u u
k k k k
x x x x
u u u u
d a n a d n
D D B e B e
dD
k k
B e B e
dx u u
B k B k e B k B k e k L e k N e
= +
=
+ + + = +
0 0
1 2
Thus, and
d n
a r a n
L k N k
B B
k k k k
= =
0 0
a d n
k x k x k x
d n u u u
a d a n
k L k N
D Ae e e
k k k k
= + +
0 0
0
0 0
0
d n
a d a n
d n
a d a n
k L k N
D A
k k k k
k L k N
A D
k k k k
= + +
=
The final solution becomes
0 0
0
a d a n a
k x k x k x k x k x
d n u u u u u
a d a n
k L k N
D D e e e e e
k k k k
( (
= + +
( (
6-Streeter-Phelps_S11
20
PROBLEMS
3. From the Streeter-Phelps equation, derive the following equations for critical decicit (D
C
) and
critical distance (Xc).
4. Solve the Advective Transport Streeter-Phelps equation with additional NBOD, sink for
Oxygen gas.
The final solution becomes:
- - - - -
- -
a d a n a
k x k x k x k x k x
u u u u u d o n o
o
a d a n
k L k L
D D e e e
k k k k
| | ( (
| ( (
\
= + + (x.15)