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Biochem Assignment

The document describes the major parts of a cell and their functions. It discusses the plasma membrane, membrane projections like cilia and flagella, and the cytoplasm containing structures like the cytoskeleton, centrioles, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, and nucleus. The cytoskeleton provides structure and facilitates transport within the cell. Organelles like the mitochondria and lysosomes have specific functions such as producing energy or breaking down waste. The nucleus contains DNA and directs all of the cell's activities.

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145 views

Biochem Assignment

The document describes the major parts of a cell and their functions. It discusses the plasma membrane, membrane projections like cilia and flagella, and the cytoplasm containing structures like the cytoskeleton, centrioles, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, and nucleus. The cytoskeleton provides structure and facilitates transport within the cell. Organelles like the mitochondria and lysosomes have specific functions such as producing energy or breaking down waste. The nucleus contains DNA and directs all of the cell's activities.

Uploaded by

Angel Go
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CELL PARTS A.

Plasma Membrane

DESCRIPTION
Biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment.

FUNCTIONS
controls entry into and out of cell

B. Membrane Projections 1. Cilia 2. Flagella


An organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body. A lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum is the Latin word for whip. Short extensions of the cell membrane Moves the cell

Moves the cell

3. Microvilli C. Cytoplasm

Absorb materials into the cell

1. Cytoskeleton

Colloidal suspension that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane A cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within a cell's cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells These are the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton. They are composed of linear polymers of actin subunits, and generate force by elongation at one end of the filament coupled with shrinkage at the other, causing net movement of the intervening strand. These filaments, averaging 10 nanometers in diameter, are more stable (strongly bound) than actin filaments, and heterogeneous constituents of the cytoskeleton.

Site of many cellular activities, consists of cytosol and organelles Plays important roles in both intracellular transport (the movement of vesicles and organelles, for example) and cellular division. Act as tracks for the movement of myosin molecules that attach to the microfilament and "walk" along them.

Microfilaments

Intermediate filaments

Microtubules

Are hollow cylinders about 23 nm in diameter (lumen = approximately 15 nm in diameter), most commonly comprising 13 protofilaments which, in turn, are polymers of alpha and beta tubulin.

They function in the maintenance of cell-shape by bearing tension (microtubules, by contrast, resist compression. It may be useful to think of micro- and intermediate filaments as cables and of microtubules as cellular support beams). In nine triplet sets (star-shaped), they form the centrioles, and in nine doublets oriented about two additional microtubules (wheelshaped) they form cilia and flagella. The latter formation is commonly referred to as a "9+2" arrangement, where in each doublet is connected to another by the protein dynein.

2. Centrioles

Rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus Network of membranes within the cytoplasm. has ribosomes attached to it

Help separate the chromosomes during cell division

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough

Smooth

Does not have ribosomes attached to it

4. Ribosomes 5. Peroxisomes

6. Golgi complex

Small bodies free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER; composed of RNA and protein (also called micro bodies) are organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Layers of membranes

involved in the synthesis of proteins and is also a membrane factory for the cell Involved in the synthesis of lipids, including oils, phospholipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of calcium concentration and detoxification of drugs and poisons. Manufacture proteins

Break down harmful substances

7. Mitochondria

Large organelles with folded membranes inside Small sacs of digestive enzymes

Makes compounds containing proteins; sorts and prepares these compounds for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell Convert energy from nutrients into ATP Digest substances within the cell

8. Lysosomes D. Nucleus

1. Nucleus membrane

2. Nucleolus 3. Chromatins

Large, dark-staining organelle near the center of the cell, composed of DNA and proteins A double bilayer that encloses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear membrane also serves as the physical barrier, separating the contents of the nucleus (DNA in particular) from the cytoplasm. Small body in the nucleus; composed of RNA, DNA, and protein The combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell.

Contains the chromosomes, the hereditary units that direct all cellular activities Facilitate and regulate the exchange of materials (proteins such as transcription factors, and RNA) between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Makes ribosomes

Package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis and prevent DNA damage, and to control gene expression and DNA replication.

REFERENCES: http://encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com/cellsandtheirfunctions.html ANGEL GO HUB31

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