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Production Technology Ch31

A cross-section of the Surface Structure of Metals is shown in figure 31. The thickness of the individual layers is dependent on processing conditions. The quantities are given in u in.

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Nimmagadda Bharath
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157 views9 pages

Production Technology Ch31

A cross-section of the Surface Structure of Metals is shown in figure 31. The thickness of the individual layers is dependent on processing conditions. The quantities are given in u in.

Uploaded by

Nimmagadda Bharath
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 31

Surfaces: Their Nature, Roughness, and Measurement

Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology

2001 Prentice-Hall

Page 31-1

Surface Structure of Metals

Figure 31.1 Schematic illustration of a cross-section of the surface structure of metals. The thickness of the individual layers is dependent on processing conditions and processing environment.

Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology

2001 Prentice-Hall

Page 31-2

Fatigue Curve for Surface-Ground Steel


Figure 31.2 Fatigue curve for surface-ground 4340 steel, quenched and tempered, 51 HRC. Note the severe reduction in fatigue strength under abusive grinding conditions. (See also Fig. 2.28.)

Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology

2001 Prentice-Hall

Page 31-3

Terminology in Describing Surface Finish


Figure 31.3 Standard terminology and symbols to describe surface finish. The quantities are given in in.

Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology

2001 Prentice-Hall

Page 31-4

Coordinates for Surface-Roughness Measurements


Figure 31.4 Coordinates used for surface-roughness measurement, using Eqs. (31.1) and (31.2).

Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology

2001 Prentice-Hall

Page 31-5

Standard Lay Symbols for Engineering Surfaces

Figure 31.5
Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology 2001 Prentice-Hall Page 31-6

Measuring Surface Roughness


(b)

Figure 31.6 (a) Measuring surface roughness with a stylus. The rider supports the stylus and guards against damage. (b) Surface measuring instrument. Source: Sheffield Measurement Division of Warner & Swasey Co. (c) Path of stylus in surface roughness measurements (broken line) compared to actual roughness profile. Note that the profile of the stylus path is smoother than that of the actual surface. Source: D. H. Buckley
Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology

2001 Prentice-Hall

Page 31-7

Surface Profiles
Figure 31.7 Typical surface profiles produced by various machining and surface-finishing processes. Note the difference between the vertical and horizontal scales. See also Fig. 32.4. Source: D. B Dallas (ed.), Tools and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook, 3d ed. Copyright 1976, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. Used with permission.

Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology

2001 Prentice-Hall

Page 31-8

Three-Dimensional Surface Measurement

Figure 31.8 Surface of rolled aluminum.

Figure 31.9 A highly polished silicon surface measured in an atomic force microscope. The surface roughness is Rq = 0.134 nm.
Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology 2001 Prentice-Hall Page 31-9

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