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Control Systems 1 Block Diagram Reduction Part 3

The document provides a series of examples demonstrating how to reduce block diagrams using MATLAB to obtain closed-loop transfer functions. Each example includes MATLAB code for defining transfer functions, appending blocks, specifying inputs and outputs, and connecting blocks to compute the transfer function. The author, Eng. Samir A. Farag, is affiliated with the Higher Technological Institute in Egypt and has a background in control systems engineering.

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26 views8 pages

Control Systems 1 Block Diagram Reduction Part 3

The document provides a series of examples demonstrating how to reduce block diagrams using MATLAB to obtain closed-loop transfer functions. Each example includes MATLAB code for defining transfer functions, appending blocks, specifying inputs and outputs, and connecting blocks to compute the transfer function. The author, Eng. Samir A. Farag, is affiliated with the Higher Technological Institute in Egypt and has a background in control systems engineering.

Uploaded by

Samir A. Faragِ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Eng. Samir A.

Farag Part 3: Block diagram reduction using MATLAB

Example 1: Consider the case where ( ) , and ( ) . Obtain the closed-loop


( )
( )
transfer function ( ) R(s) + C(s)
G1(s)
- -
using MATLAB. G2(s)

Using MATLAB (six steps)

clc; clear all; close all;

% 1. define the transfer function for all blocks individually


G1=tf([1],[1 1 0]); % G1(s)=1/s(s+1)= 1/(s^2 + s + 0)
G2= tf([2],[1 0]); % G2(s)=2/s= 2/(s + 0).
G3= tf([1],[1]); % add a bock of unity gain in the input

% 2. append all blocks from the first to the last


T1=append(G1 , G2 , G3);

% 3. describe the inputs for each main block from the first to the last (# rows= # main blocks)
Q=[1 -2 -1 3; 2 -2 -1 3]; (# column= # the greatest summing point inputs + 1)

% 4. Specify input and output for block diagram


input=3; % the input is applied on the 3rd block, i.e. G3(s)
output=1; % the output is across the 1st block, i.e. G1(s)

% 5. connect the block diagram blocks appended in T1 as specified by Q taking into


%consideration that the input and output are specified as in input and output respectively.
Ts=connect(T1 , Q , input , output);

tf(Ts); % 6. Return the transfer function for block diagram

% 6. Return (the minimal realization or pole-zero cancellation for) the transfer function for the
%block diagram
minreal(tf(Ts))
Eng. Samir A. Farag 1 Block Diagram Reduction using MATLAB
Example 2:

Reduce the block diagram shown in


Figure P5.1 to a single transfer
function, T(s)= C(s)/R(s) Using
MATLAB

Answer
clc; clear all; close all;

% 1. define the transfer function for all


%blocks individually
G1=tf([1],[1 0 0]); %G1= 1/s^2
G2=tf([50],[1 1]); %G2= 50/(s+1)
G3=tf([2],[1 0]); %G3= 2/s
G4=tf([1 0],[1]); %G4= s
G5=tf([2],[1]); %G5= 2
G6=tf([1],[1]); %G6= 1
G7=tf([1],[1]); % G7= 1

% 2. append all blocks from the first to the last


allblocks= append(G1 , G2 , G3 , G4 , G5 , G6 , G7); % include all blocks

% 3. describe the inputs for each main block from the first to the last
Q=[1 -6 7; 2 1 -3 ; 3 2 0 ; 4 2 0 ; 5 2 0 ; 6 4 -5];

% 4. Specify input and output for block diagram


input=7; output=6;

% 5. connect the block diagram blocks appended in allblocks as specified by Q taking into
%consideration that the input and output are specified as in input and output respectively
Ts=connect(allblocks , Q , input , output);

% 6. Return the transfer function for block diagram


tf(Ts)

% 6. Return (the minimal realization or pole-zero cancellation for) the transfer function for the
%block diagram
minreal(Ts)

Eng. Samir A. Farag 2 Block Diagram Reduction using MATLAB


Example 3: Consider the control system whose block diagram is shown below. Where,
( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , and

H3(s)

-
R(s) + + + C(s)
G1(s) G2(s) G3(s) G4(s)
- - -

H1(s) H2(s)

Using MATLAB

clc; clear all; close all;


% 1. define the transfer function for all blocks individually
G1= tf([1],[1 10]); %G_1 (s)=1/(s+10)
G2= tf([1],[1 1]); %G_2 (s)=1/(s+1)
G3= tf([1 0 1],[1 4 4]); %G_3 (s)=(s^2+1)/(s^2+4s+4) ,
G4= tf([1 1],[1 6]); %G_4 (s)=(s+1)/(s+6)
H1= tf([1 1],[1 2]);%H_1 (s)=(s+1)/(s+2)
H2= tf([1 1],[1 4]); %H_2=(s+1)/(s+4)
H3= tf([1 5],[1 2]); % H_3=(s+5)/(s+2)
Gi=tf([1],[1]); % Gi= 1
% 2. append all blocks from the first to the last
T1=append(G1, G2, G3, G4, H1, H2, H3, Gi);
% 3. describe the inputs for each main block from the first to the last
Q=[1 8 -4 0; 2 1 -5 -7; 3 2 0 0; 4 3 -6 0; 5 2 0 0; 6 4 0 0; 7 4 0 0];
% 4. Specify input and output for block diagram
input= 8; % input is applied on the eighth block
output= 4; % output is across the 4th block

% 5. connect the block diagram blocks appended in T1 as specified by Q taking into


%consideration that the input and output are specified as in input and output respectively.
Eng. Samir A. Farag 3 Block Diagram Reduction using MATLAB
Ts=connect(T1,Q,input,output);

% 6. Return (the minimal realization or pole-zero cancellation for) the transfer function for the
%block diagram
minreal(tf(Ts))
Example 4: Consider the control system whose block diagram is given below. Where,
( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , and

H2(s)

-
R(s) + + +
G3(s) G4(s)
C(s)
G1(s) G2(s)
- -

H1(s)

H3(s)

Using MATLAB:

clc; clear all; close all;


G1= tf([1],[1 10]); % G_1 (s)=1/(s+10)
G2= tf([1],[1 1]); %G_2 (s)=1/(s+1),
G3= tf([1 0 1],[1 4 4]); %G_3 (s)=(s^2+1)/(s^2+4s+4) ,
G4= tf([1 1],[1 6]); %G_4 (s)=(s+1)/(s+6),
G5=tf([2],[1]); % H2
G6= tf([1 1],[1 2]); % H_1 (s)=(s+1)/(s+2),
G7=tf([1],[1]); % H3
G8=tf([1],[1]);
T1=append(G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8);
Eng. Samir A. Farag 4 Block Diagram Reduction using MATLAB
Q=[1 8 -7; 2 1 -5; 3 2 -6; 4 3 0; 5 3 0; 6 4 0; 7 4 0];
input= 8; output= 4;
Ts= connect(T1 , Q , input , output);
minreal(tf(Ts)) %Try: tf(Ts)

ans =
0.5 s^4 + 1.5 s^3 + 1.5 s^2 + 1.5 s + 1
------------------------------------------------------------
s^6 + 19 s^5 + 130.5 s^4 + 480.5 s^3 + 865 s^2 + 773 s + 366
Example 5:

Find the closed-loop transfer function,


T(s)= C(s)/R(s) for the system shown in
Figure P5.2, using block diagram
reduction. Where,
( ) , ( ) , ( ) and
( ) .

Answer
clc; clear all; close all;

G1=tf([1],[1 0 0]); %G1= 1/s^2


G2=tf([50],[1 1]); %G2= 50/(s+1)
G3=tf([2],[1 0]); %G3= 2/s
H1=tf([1 0],[1]); %H1= s

T1=append(G1,G2,G3,H1);

Q=[1 5 -4 0; 2 1 0 0; 3 2 5 -4 ; 4 1 0 0];

input= 5; % input is applied directly to block 5


output= 3;

Ts=connect(T1 , Q , input , output);

tf(Ts);
minreal(tf(Ts))

ans =

2 s^3 + 2 s^2 + 1.066e-14 s + 100


---------------------------------
s^4 + 2 s^3 + s^2
Eng. Samir A. Farag 5 Block Diagram Reduction using MATLAB
Problem 6:

Find the transfer function, T(s)=


C(s)/R(s), for the system shown in
Figure P5.5 using MATLAB.
Where,
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

Answer

clc; clear all; close all;


G1=tf([1],[1 7]); %G1=1/(s+7 )
G2=tf([1],[1 2 3]); %G2=1/(s^2+2s+3)
G3=tf([1],[1 4]); %G3=1/s+4
G4=tf([1],[1 0]); %G4=1/s
G5=tf([0 5],[1 7]); %G5=5/(s+7)
G6=tf([1],[1 5 10]); %G6=1/(s^2+5s+10)
G7=tf([3],[1 2]); %G7=3/(s+2)
G8=tf([0 1],[1 6]); %G8=1/(s+6)
G9=tf([1],[1]);

T1=append(G1,G2,G3,G4,G5,G6,G7,G8,G9);
Q=[1 9 -2 -5; 2 1 8 0; 3 1 8 0; 4 1 8 0; 5 3 4 -6; 6 7 0 0; 7 3 4 -6; 8 7 0 0];
input= 9; output= 7;
Ts=connect(T1 , Q , input , output); minreal(tf(Ts))
ans =

6 s^7 + 132 s^6 + 1176 s^5 + 5640 s^4 + 1.624e04 s^3 + 2.857e04 s^2

+ 2.988e04 s + 1.512e04
---------------------------------------------------------------------

s^10 + 33 s^9 + 466 s^8 + 3720 s^7 + 1.867e04 s^6 + 6.182e04 s^5

+ 1.369e05 s^4 + 1.981e05 s^3 + 1.729e05 s^2 + 6.737e04 s

- 1.044e04
Eng. Samir A. Farag 6 Block Diagram Reduction using MATLAB
Problem 7:

Find the transfer function, T(s)=


C(s)/R(s), for the system shown in Figure
P5.7 using MATLAB.

Answer

clc; clear all; close all;

G1=tf([1 0],[1]); %G1=1/(s+7)


G2=tf([2 0],[1]); %G2=2s
G3=tf([1 0],[1]); %G3=s
G4=tf([1],[1 1]); %G4=1/(s +1)
G5=tf([4],[1]); %G5=4
G6=tf([1],[1]); %G6=1

T1=append(G1,G2,G3,G4,G5,G6);

Q=[1 6 -4 0 0; 2 6 -4 0 0; 3 1 2 -3 0; 4 3 2 -5 -4; 5 4 0 0 0];

input= 6; output= 4;Ts=connect(T1,Q,input,output); tf(Ts)

ans =
0.8333 s^2 + 0.3333 s - 1.608e-15
---------------------------------
s^2 + 1.5 s + 1
Problem 8:

Find the equivalent


transfer function, T(s)=
C(s)/R(s), for the system
shown in Figure P5.3.

Eng. Samir A. Farag 7 Block Diagram Reduction using MATLAB


Answer
clc; clear all; close all;

G1= tf([1],[1 10]); % G_1 (s)=1/(s+10)


G2= tf([1],[1 1]); %G_2 (s)=1/(s+1)
G3= tf([1 0],[1 0 4]); %G_3(s)=s/(s^2+4)
G4= tf([1 1],[1 6]); %G_4 (s)=(s+1)/(s+6)
G5=tf([2],[1]); % G_5(s)= 2
G6= tf([1 1],[1 2]); % G6_(s)=(s+1)/(s+2)
G7=tf([1],[1]); % G_7(s)= 1
G8=tf([1],[1]);

T1=append(G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8);


Q=[1 8 -7 0 0; 2 8 -1 -7 0; 3 8 -1 -7 0; 4 8 -1 -7 0; 5 2 3 0 0; 6 5 3 4 -6; 7 6 0
0 0];
input= 8; output= 6;
Ts= connect(T1 , Q , input , output);
minreal(tf(Ts)) %Try: tf(Ts)

ans =

0.3333 s^5 + 5.333 s^4 + 33.67 s^3 + 125.3 s^2 + 119.3 s + 156
--------------------------------------------------------------
s^5 + 17 s^4 + 92.33 s^3 + 232 s^2 + 343.3 s + 396

Sunday, January 10, 2021

Samir A. Farag
 Assistant Teacher at Electrical and computers Engineering department,
Higher Technological Institute (H.T.I), Industrial Area 2 – Next to Small
Industries Complex P.O. Box 228- 10th of Ramadan city, Egypt.
 M.Sc. from Computer and Systems Engineering department, Faculty of
engineering, Zagazig University, Egypt, July 26, 2017 (Issue: Control of
Large Crane Structure).
 PhD program at Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of
engineering, Cairo University.
 Facebook group: Mr. Eng. Samir A. Farag.
 e-mail: [email protected]

Eng. Samir A. Farag 8 Block Diagram Reduction using MATLAB

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