Bapuji S Palki, INCRC/PowerTechnologies, 15-11-2009
Protection Application An Overview
Part 2A
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 1
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 2
Layouts
Typical Parts of a Power Plant
Substation
Busbar in Substation HV - Breaker Power plant Main Transformer Auxiliary Transformer
Generator Breaker Excitation Transformer Excitation System G Field Circuit Breaker
Turbine valve Turbine - Generator
Earthing System
Generator Protection
Possible Faults
Stator Earth Faults Rotor Earth Faults Stator Short Circuits Stator/Rotor Interturn faults External faults
Generator Protection
Abnormal Operating Condition
overcurrent/overload unbalanced load overtemperature over- and undervoltage over- and underexcitation over- and underfrequency over-fluxing asynchronous running out of step generator motoring failures in the machine control system (i.e. AVR or governor failure) failures in the machine cooling system failures in the primary equipment (i.e. breaker head flashover) open phase
Following are the various protections recommended for the generator and generator transformer protection:
Type of fault GENERATOR STATOR Short Circuits
ANSI Device Protection Functions No.
87G 87GT 21G 51 / 27 G 46G 51G 64G1 64G2
Generator differential Overall differential Minimum impedance (or alternatively Over current / under voltage) Negative sequence Overload 95% stator earth fault 100% stator earth fault
Asymmetry Stator overload Earth fault stator
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 6
Loss of excitation Out of step Monitoring Blade fatigue Inter turn fault Mag. Circuits Higher voltage Accidental energisation Monitoring
40G 98G 32G / 37G 81G 95G 99G 59G 27 / 50 G 60 G
Loss of excitation Pole slip Low forward power / reverse power (double protection for large generators) Minimum frequency Over voltage or over current Overfluxing volt / Hz Over voltage Dead machine PT fuse failure
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 7
GENERATOR ROTOR Rotor ground GENERATOR TRANSFORMER Short Circuits
64F
Rotor earth fault
Ground fault Overhang UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER Short circuit Ground fault
87GT 51GT 87T 51NGT 87NT 87HV
Overall differential Overcurrent Transformer differential Earth fault over-current Restricted earth fault HV winding cum overhang differential
87 UAT 51 UAT 51 UAT 64 UAT
Transformer differential Over-current Restricted over-current Restricted earth fault
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 8
50/51
Unit aux. transformer
64F
Field winding ground-fault RAGRA (RXNB4) 1) Instruments
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 9
Protection and Monitoring
REG 670 Different applications
REG 670 provides extensive protection and monitoring functionality
1ph U
The REG 670 provides protection functions and concepts for: Turbine (frequency, reverse power) Generator (Main1/Main2, Main/Back-up)
3ph U
3ph I
Generator transformer/Step-up transformer
1ph U
1ph I
Auxiliary/Station service transformer Excitation transformer
3ph I
1ph U
REG 670 focus on the optimized integration and function to protect your generator
IEC 61850
A Breakthrough for Substation Automation
One world One technology One standard
IEC 61850
Combining the best properties in a new way...
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 12
Power transformers in a power system
400 kV AC Transmission
130 kV Subtransmission
Generation
MV
Distribution
LV M
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 13
315MVA Transformer
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 14
Cooling
Outer Ci rcui t H eat D i ssi pati on I nner Ci rcui t H eat Producti on (Core and Wi ndi ngs)
In principle the larger the losses in the Inner Circuit the larger the size of the Outer Circuit (coolers or radiators) There is nevertheless a limit either due to the size of the coolers or to the impossibility of cooling a certain spot (hot-spot) in the Inner Circuit A pump to move the oil is often unnecessary. The generated heat will act as a siphon
Pump opti onal
F an opti onal
Oi l i mmersed Tank
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 15
Types of Internal Faults
Earth faults Short-circuits Inter turn Faults Core Faults Tank Faults Reduced cooling
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 16
Abnormal Conditions
Overload
Over voltage
Reduced system voltage
Over excitation
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 17
Overload Capability
It is possible to overload power transformers
Older transformers may withstand 140% continuously
Overloading and loss of cooling causes overheating
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 18
Protective Relays Used ( Transformers > 5 MVA)
Gas detector relay ( Buchholz) Over load protection
Thermal relays Temperature monitoring relays
Over current protection Ground fault protection Differential protection Interturn faults Pressure relay for tap changer Oil level monitor
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 19
Protective Relays Used ( Transformers < 5 MVA)
Gas detector relay Overload protection Overcurrent protection Ground fault protection
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 20
Monitors
Monitors are very important devices which detect faults and abnormal service conditions which may develop into fault.
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 21
Transformer Monitors
Mechanical fault detectors
Sudden gas pressure protection Buchholz protection Oil level monitoring
Temperature Monitoring
The oil thermometer The winding thermometer
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 22
Transformer protection with 670/650 series
Introduction Transformer Protection 670/650 series Openness and flexibility Reliable Operation Complementary functionality Control Capabilities Communication Offering and application examples Technology Summary Relion Summary
670 series optimized for generation and transmission applications provide versatile functionality, maximum flexibility and performance to meet the highest requirements of any application in generation and transmission protection systems. 650 series your best choice for subtransmission applications provide off-the-shelf, ready to use solutions for transformer protection applications primarily in subtransmission networks.
ABB Group November 2009 | Slide 23
Fully compliant to the IEC 61850 standard
Introduction Line Distance Protection 670/650 series Reliable Operation Complementary functionality Control Capabilities Communication Offering and application examples Technology Summary Relion Summary
Unrivalled compatibility for new and retrofit installations Designed for IEC 61850, implementing the core values of this standard Ensures open, future-proof and flexible system architectures, with state-of-the-art performance Interoperates with other IEC 61850 compliant IEDs
ABB Group November 2009 | Slide 24
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 25
The reactor absorbs the capacitive power generated in long lines
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 26
Shunt Reactor
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 27
AB C
A B C
L
Lp Lp Lp
Ln
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 28
General
Shunt reactors are used in EHV systems to limit the over voltages due to capacitive VAR generation in Long Transmission Lines The shunt reactors are normally connected
Through isolators to a line Through circuit breakers to a busbar Through circuit breakers to the tertiary of a Interconnecting transformer
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 29
Different locations of reactor
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 30
Internal Faults
Faults occur in shunt reactors due to insulation breakdown, ageing of insulation, overheating due to over excitation, oil contamination and leakage
Dry air-core reactors
Phase-to-phase faults , resulting in high magnitude phase current Phase-to-earth faults ,, resulting in a low-magnitude earth-fault current, dependent upon the size of the system earthing. Turn-to-turn faults within the reactor bank, resulting in a very small change in phase current
Oil-immersed reactors
High current phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults. Turn-to-turn faults within the reactor winding. Miscellaneous failures such as loss of cooling or low oil
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 31
Abnormal Conditions
Inrush currents
Inrush currents flow in connection with energisation Inrush currents usually lower than 200% of rated current
Transient overvoltages Temporary overvoltages
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 32
Shunt Reactor Protections
Differential protection Distance protection Phase over current protection Restricted earth fault protection Mechanical fault detectors Oil temperature and winding temperature protection
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 33
Monitors
Monitors are very important devices which detect faults and abnormal service conditions which may develop into fault.
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 34
Reactor Monitors
Mechanical fault detectors
Sudden gas pressure protection Buchholz protection Oil level monitoring
Temperature Monitoring
The oil thermometer The winding thermometer
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 35
Shunt reactor protection and control
Introduction Transformer Protection 670/650 series Openness and flexibility Reliable Operation Complementary functionality Control Capabilities Communication Offering and application examples Technology Summary Relion Summary
Protection
Phase segregated biased differential protection Low impedance restricted earth-fault High impedance differential protection
Switching control for lines and buses
ABB Group November 2009 | Slide 36
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 37
Capacitor Construction
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 38
Power Factor Correction Power Factor Correction
Working Power (kW) Reactive Power (kVAR)
KW is the Working Power component kVAR is the Non- Working Power or Reactive Power component to serve inductive loads, which require magnetizing current: Motors, Transformers, Lighting ballast KVA is the Total Power required to serve a load Capacitors supply the reactive power component Power Factor is a measurement of how efficiently power is being used.
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 39
Increased System Capacity Increased System Capacity
Extra capacity for more KVA
released system capacity
Total Power (KVA) = Working Power (KW) Power Factor
Power Factor Real Power kW Reactive Power kVAR Total Power kVA 60% 600 800 1000 70% 600 612 857 80% 600 450 750 90% 600 291 667 100% 600 Zero 600
By supplying reactive current (kVAR) close to the load, capacitors release system capacity on the entire system and reduce costs.
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 40
Voltage Stability Voltage Stability
A feeder circuit will have a voltage drop related to the impedance of the line and the power factor Adding capacitance will actually cause a voltage rise by supplying reactive current to the bus
(less current = less voltage drop)
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 41
Products Capacitors HV Products / Filter Capacitor Banks
Improving the performance, quality and efficiency of electrical systems
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 42
Capacitor banks- General
Normally used in MV networks to generate reactive power Series reactors are used to limit inrush current
Harmonic filters for thyristor controlled reactors are also variation of capacitor banks having reactance tuned to capacitance
Shunt Capacitors-General
Shunt Capacitor Faults
Terminal shunt faults Capacitor unit failures Capacitor unit over voltages Capacitor rack arc-over
Abnormal Conditions
Inrush currents Transient over voltages Temporary over voltages Out rush currents
Capacitor Bank Protections
Short -circuit protection Ground-fault protection Under current protection Unbalance protection (3I >>) (I ) (I/U <) (IN-N)
Overload protection(3I/U >)
Fusing Capacitor Fusing
Internally Fused Externally Fused Internal Strings Conventional
Fuse
Discharge Resistor
Fuseless
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 48
SPAJ 160 C : Unbalance , Overload and Under current functions
Bapuji S Palki, INCRC/PowerTechnologies, 15-11-2009
Protection Application An Overview
Part 2B
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 50
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 51
The Electric Utility
Power Evacuation Substation Transmission Substation Switching Substation Distribution Substation
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 52
Transmission Line
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 53
Electrical faults in the power system
Transmission lines Busbar Transformer/ Generator
85% 12% 3%
100%
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 54
Fault types
Transient faults
are common on transmission lines, approximately 80-85% lightnings are the most common reason can also be caused by birds, falling trees, swinging lines etc. will disappear after a short dead interval
Persistent faults
can be caused by a broken conductor fallen down can be a tree falling on a line must be located and repaired before normal service
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 55
Measuring principles
Overcurrent protection Differential protection Phase comparison Distance protection Directional- wave protection
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 56
Overcurrent protection
Are normally used in radial networks with system voltage below 70 kV where relatively long operating time is acceptable. On transmission lines directional or nondirectional over current relays are used as back-up protections.
I>
block
I>
I>
I>
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 57
Pilot wire differential protection
Pilot wires can be in soil or on towers. The resistance in the wires will limit the use on longer lines. The use is mostly restricted to distances up to 10 km.
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 58
Digital differential communication
L1 L2 L3
DL1 DL2 DL3
Digital communication with optical fibres or by multiplexed channels
DL1 DL2 DL3
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 59
Phase comparison
load I1
> >
I2
Phase comparison relays compare the angle difference between the two currents at both ends of the line. The measured time for zero crossing is transmitted to the other end. Normally a start criteria is added to the phase angle requirement.
I1 I2
e
1
e
2
func- tion
I2 I1 I2
e1 e
2
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 60
The principle of distance protection
ZK=Uk/Ik
Uk
A
Uk=0
metallic fault
Zk Z<
Ik
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 61
Fault resistance
multi-phase faults consist only of arc resistance
L3 L1 L2
L1 L2 L3
earth faults consist of arc and tower footing resistance Warringtons formula
Rarc =
28707 x L I
1.4
L= length of arc in meters I= the actual fault current in A Footing resistance
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 62
Distance protection on short lines
jX
Quadrilateral characteristic improves sensitivity for higher RF/XF ratio It still has some limitations:
the value of set RF/XF ratio is limited to 5
RF XF
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 63
jX
Distance protection on long lines
Load impedance limits the reach in resistive direction High value of RF/XF ratio is generally not necessary Circular (mho) characteristic
Has no strictly defined reach in resistive direction Needs limitations in resistive direction (blinder)
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 64
The principle of distance protection
t
t3 t2 t1
l
B
f 1 f 2 f 3
Z<
Z<
Z<
Z<
t
t3 t2 t1
l
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 65
The principle of distance protection
Reach setting of zones R/ X Relation GFC (General Fault Criterion) GFC
ZL
ZL
Zb
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 66
PLCC equipment
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 67
Power Swing Blocking function
X Power swing locus
R
t
t = 40 ms
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 68
Series compensated system
jX B A XC =70% Xl =100% B
100%
gape flashed
F1
B A R
Consideration for line distance protections
Correct direction discrim-ination at voltage reversal (negative fault reactance) variation in resulted line impedance
70%
gape not flashed
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 69
Line distance protection with Relion 670/650 series For maximum reliability of your power system
Introduction Line Distance Protection 670/650 series Reliable Operation Complementary functionality Control Capabilities Communication Offering and application examples Technology Summary Relion Summary
Full scheme distance protection with independent phase selection Power swing detection Wide range of scheme communication logics Five zone distance protection
Phase to phase Phase to earth faults
ABB Group November 2009 Slide 70
Fully compliant to the IEC 61850 standard
Introduction Line Distance Protection 670/650 series Reliable Operation Complementary functionality Control Capabilities Communication Offering and application examples Technology Summary Relion Summary
Unrivalled compatibility for new and retrofit installations Designed for IEC 61850, implementing the core values of this standard Ensures open, future-proof and flexible system architectures, with state-of-the-art performance Interoperates with other IEC 61850 compliant IEDs
ABB Group November 2009 Slide 71
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 72
Auto reclosing Cycle Auto reclosing Cycle
OH-lines High fault-rate (80-90%)
Fast simultaneous Fault clearing
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 73
AUTORECLOSING CYCLE AUTORECLOSING CYCLE
OH-lines Intermittent faults (80-90%)
Successful AR-rate : High (80-90%)
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 74
Auto reclosing principles
95% of faults are transient type 3 Ph autoreclosing synchrocheck is used
Helps verify phase angles are not out of phase e.g: due to heavy power swing
1 Ph autoreclosing needs identification of faulty phase
Phase identification is difficult for high resistance faults
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 75
Single-pole Reclosing
Single-Pole Reclosing
A B C A B C
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 76
Artificial extinction of secondary arc by Fixed Four-reactor Scheme
ABC ABC
L
Lp Lp Lp
Ln
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 77
Synchronism and Energizing check
UBus
ULine
UBus
FreqDiff < 50-300 mHz o PhaseDiff < 5-75 UDiff < 5-50% Ur UHigh > 50-120% Ur ULow < 10-100% Ur
U Bus
1-ph ULine
U Line
3-ph (or 1-ph) Fuse fail
SYNC-BLOCK
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 78
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 79
Need for Busbar protection
In its absence fault clearance takes place in Zone-II of distance relay by remote end tripping This means slow and unselective tripping and wide spread black out
Effect of delayed clearance
Greater damage at fault point Indirect shock to connected equipments like shafts of Generator and windings of transformer.
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 80
Types of BB Protections
High impedance Medium impedance Low impedance Blockable O/C relay ( For radial systems in distribution systems)
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 81
High impedance bus differential relay
Basic features SETTING VR > IF ( RCT + 2 RL) RL A VR RCT B VK > 2 VR FOR VR TO BE ZERO FOR EXTERNAL FAULT nA = nB 1 + RA / ZA 1 + RB / ZB n = TURNS RATIO R = RCT + 2 RL Z = MAGNETIZING IMPEDANCE
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 82
Limitations of High impedance differential relay
Puts stringent requirements on CTs
Need for dedicated CTs Identical CT ratios , magnetising impedances Aux CTs not acceptable
Inability to cope with increasing fault levels
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 83
RADSS medium impedance relay
T MD n MD
IR1
Ud3
dR D2 D1
US
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 84
REB500 - Numerical Busbar and Breaker Failure Protection
ABB Network Partner AG
REB 500
C E
Distributed installation
ABB Network Partner AG REB 500 ABB Network Partner AG REB 500 ABB Network Partner AG REB 500
Central Unit
ABB Network Partner AG
REB 500
C E
Bay Unit Bay Unit
C E
Bay Unit
C E
Bay Unit
C E
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 85
Advantages of medium/ Low impedance relays
Free from any need for Identical CT ratios or matched CTs Other relays can be included in the same CT core Increasing fault levels have no impact
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 86
700 A 1000/5 200/5
200 A 500/5
500 A
3.5 A
5A
5A
5/1
5/0.2 0.7 A
5/0.5 0.2 A 0.5 A
Diff. relay RADSS IN SINGLE BUS
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 87
REQUIREMENTS ON THE ISOLATOR AUXILIARY CONTACTS
Isolator Aux. Contact a should close before the primary contact
a b
closes and Aux contact b closes after the primary contact opens.
C Throw-over relay
0% Main contact Aux. Contact a Aux. Contact b
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 88
100%
DOUBLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH TRANSFER BUS
BUS - A BUS - B
AUX. BUS
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 89
1- BREAKER SYSTEM
RADSS - A
L1 BUS - A L3 L5
BUS - B
L2
L4
L6
RADSS - B
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 90
Busbar Protection REB670
ABB Group April 2009 Slide 91
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 92
History - Circuit breaker development
Example: 420 kV
Air Blast
Oil Minimum
SF6 Gas
around 1960
around 1980
todays technology
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 93
Interrupters Interrupter design
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 94
Relay back-up
RELAY SYSTEM 52 52 52a 52a
CHANNEL
50
RELAY SYSTEM +
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 95
CHANNEL
Breaker back-up
5 1 2 6
Z<
7 3 4
For uncleared fault shown CBs to be tripped are 1, 3, 4 & 6
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 96
Classical CBFP
Breaker Failure Protection
I> I> I> I>
+ if trip from relay
t trip
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 97
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 98
Introduction
Majority faults are earth faults Earth fault protection depends on type of earthing
Effectively earthed Reactance earthed High resistance earthed Resonance earthed
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 99
Measurement of earth fault current
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 100
Measurement of zero sequence voltage
L1 L2 L3
U 0>
Earth fault protection in solidly earthed systems
IDMT earth fault relays are used to detect earth faults in effectively earthed system
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 102
Directional Earth Fault Relay
Directional earth fault relays are used Can use communication link Inrush current stabilization may be required for sensitive settings
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 103
Directional earth fault relay for High resistance earthed system
Directional earth fault relay used when in feed of capacitive current from an object is higher than 60% of required sensitivity Measures active component of fault current
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 104
Earth fault in resonance earthed network
A B C I01
C0
R0
I02 L RL
U0 Ief
Earth fault in isolated network
A B C I01
C0
R0
U0 I02
Ief
Directional earth fault relay
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 107
Restricted earth fault relay
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 108
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 109
What is Substation Automation ?
A combination of:
Protection Monitoring Control Communication
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 110
What is Substation Automation ?
Substitution for conventional control panels Substitution for other sub systems A more efficient way of controlling your substation
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 111
The conventional way
Control Board
Telecontrol RTU
Alarming
Synchronization
Busbar Protection
MARSHALING RACK
Local TELEControl
Interlocking ALARMING
Measuring NISATION
Bay BUSBAR Protection PROTECTION
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 112
System Engineering Tool
The New Way
Communication only during engineering IED Tool
Station HMI Gateway Station Clock
Station Monitoring System
Station bus Bay Control IEDs Object Protection Control & Protection Multi Bay Control
Multi Object Protection
Web Client
Process bus
Merging Unit
Merging Unit
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 113
Conventional Control & Protection
Fault Recording
ABB 225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01
Bay Protection
ABB 225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distribut uion Batt ery A
A B w N o e P r t a k n
Busbar Protection
ABB 225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distribut uion Batt ery A 125VDC Distributuion Bat tery B
SCADA RTU
ABB 225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distribut uion Batt ery A 125VDC Distributuion Bat tery B RTU 200 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 IN 7 IN 8 OUT IN ON/OFF
Event Recording
ABB 225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distribut uion Batt ery A 125VDC Distributuion Bat tery B
n d a c i I 6 t 5 0 n d a c i I 6 t 5 0
Station Level
125VDC Distribut uion Batt ery A
125VDC Distributuion Bat tery B
125VDC Distributuion Bat tery B
R E L 3 1 4 6 *
ABB
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6
056 c tcadn I i
056c i tcadn I
0 56c tc adn I i
BAY CONTROL RELAY RE C316*4
= W 1
RTU 200 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 IN 7 IN 8 OUT IN
= W 2
2 3
Q 1
1 0 1
4 5
1 2 1 3
6 7
1 4 1 5
1 6
ON/OFF
V o e i n s r 4 . 2 b
E F R M
c c
LOCAL CO NTROL
R E L 3 1 4 6 * A B w N o e P r t a k n
METERI NG
n d a c i I 6 t 5 0 n d a c i I 6 t 5 0
ABB
1 9 2 3 3 4 1 0 1 1 2
RTU 200 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 IN 7 IN 8 OUT IN
5 6 7
1 3 1 4 1 5
1 6
ON/OFF
LI NE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4
R E B 5 0 A B w N o e P r t a k n
ABB
BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1
=D04+R01
ABB
ABB
ABB
Bay Level
For each function a dedicated device and separate Panel
Control Panel
=W1
=W2
-Q1 SEL
-Q2 SEL
-Q0 SEL TESTE LAMPE
Extensive station wide cabling
OUVRI R FERMER ABB
ESC
EXE
Local Control
DISTANCE LOC
Marshalling
Process Level
Extensive bay cabling
-Q2 -Q0 -Q1 -Q9 -Q8
GIS or AIS Switchgear
Substitution of Conventional Technology
Bay Control/Protection Cubicles
Fllanden Steuerung / Schutz =AD17-KB2 Fllanden Steuerung / Schutz =AD17-KB2
MicroSCADA
Feldsteuergert REC216 mit Messung und Synchrocheck
Feldsteuergert REC216 mit Messung und Synchrocheck
Interbay bus Ethernet Switches
d gi ta l di gi t al
LEITUNGSHA UPTSCHUTZ REL316* 4 PRFSTECKER I 0 0 I Reset AUS I 0 SCHUTZ EIN/A US
STUFENVERL. WE-BLOCK
LEITUNGSHA UPTSCHUTZ REL316* 4 PRFSTECKER I 0 0 I Reset AUS I 0 SCHUTZ EIN/A US
STUFENVERL. WE-BLOCK
-Q1
-Q2
COM 581
Power ABB Automation AG COM581
Communication Converter
NCC / RCC
C
-Q0
Marshalling
-Q9
Control Cubicle Relays for control / logic Transducers, Meters Switches, Lamps Annunciators, Terminals Protection Cubicle
-Q8
SER / Fault Recorder
SCADA RTU NCC / RCC
Modern SA Architecture
Station Level
Network Control Center NCC
ABB Network Partner AG
COM581
C E
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1
=D04+R01
125VDC Distributuion Battery A
ABB
ABBNet or kPar ner w t
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
REL316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4
=D 04 A B OB O 1
=W1 =W2 -Q1 SEL -Q2 SEL
ABB
P OWE R MON I T OR I N G U N I T
-Q0 SEL
LAM PE TESTE
O R UVRI
FERM ER
ABB
ESC
EXE
DIS T A NCE LO C
LOCAL CONTROL
ABB
ABBNet or kPar ner w t
METERING
REL316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4
ABB
ABBNet or kPar ner w t
REB500
BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500
Process Level
-Q2 -Q0 -Q1 -Q9 -Q8
Features and Benefits
Basic Functionality
Interbay Bus
Bay Level
Implementation of Intelligent Technology
Intelligent Primary Equipment
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distributuion Battery A
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n
MicroSCADA
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
REL316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4
=D 04 A B OB O 1
=W1 =W2 -Q1 SEL
ABB
P OWE R MON I T OR I N G U N I T
Interbay bus Ethernet Switches
d gi tal t di gi t al i it l
M M
-Q2 SEL
-Q0 SEL
LAM PE TESTE
M
O VR U I R FER ER M DIS T A NCE LO C
ABB
ESC
EXE
LOCAL SET REMOTE OPERATION
-Q1
-Q2
LOCAL CONTROL
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n
METERING
REL316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PISA
LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4
-Q1
-Q51
-Q2
Drive control & monitoring circuitry
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n
REB500
BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500
COM 581
Power ABB Automation AG COM581
Communication Converter
NCC / RCC
C
-Q0
PISA A
Feeder Marshalling
-Q0
Process Bus
-T1 -Q9
PISA A PISA B
-Q8
-Q9 -Q8
Sampling AD-Conversion Signal Processing Signal Filtering
Intelligent SA Architecture
Station Level
Network Control Center NCC
ABB Network Partner AG
COM581
C E
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1
=D04+R01
125VDC Distributuion Battery A
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
REL316*4
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4
=D 04 A B OB O 1
=W1 =W2 -Q1 SEL
ABB
P OWE R MON I T OR I N G U N I T
M M
-Q2 SEL
-Q0 SEL
LAM PE TESTE
M
O VR U I R FER ER M DIS T A NCE LO C
?
ABB
ABB
ESC
EXE
LOCAL SET REMOTE OPERATION
LOCAL CONTROL
ABBN w Part er et ork n
METERING
REL316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n
REB500
BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500
Process B u
Process Level
PISA
PISA A
-Q2
PISA A
PISA B
-Q0 -Q1 -Q51
-T1
-Q9
-Q8
Basic Functionality
Interbay Bus
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
Bay Level
Functional Structure of Modern SA
Functions Allocation
Network Control Center NCC
ABB Network Partner AG
COM581
C E
Scalable System Extensions SCADA Remote Communication Fault evaluation Monitoring Events and alarms Supervision & Control Data Exchange
Station Level
Interbay Bus
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distributuion Battery A
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
REL316*4
Bay Level
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4
=D 04 A B OB O 1
=W1 =W2 -Q1 SEL -Q2 SEL
ABB
P OWE R MON I T OR I N G U N I T
-Q0 SEL
LAM PE TESTE
O VR U I R
FER ER M DIS T A NCE LO C
Monitoring
ABB
ESC
EXE
LOCAL CONTROL
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n
METERING
REL316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n
REB500
BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500
Process Level
-Q2 -Q0 -Q1 -Q9 -Q8
GIS or AIS Switchgear Instrument Transformers Power Transformers Surge Arresters
Intelligent Substation Automation Functional Structure
Station Level
Network Control Center NCC
Functions Allocation
Scalable System Extensions SCADA Remote Communication Fault evaluation Monitoring Events and alarms Supervision & Control Data Exchange
ABB Network Partner AG
COM581
C E
Interbay Bus
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01 125VDC Distributuion Battery A
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
REL316*4
Bay Level
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4
=D 04 A B OB O 1
=W1 =W2 -Q1 SEL
ABBR P OWE
MON I T OR I N G U N I T
M M
-Q2 SEL
-Q0 SEL
LAM PE TESTE
M
O VR U I R FER ER M DIS T A NCE LO C
?
ABB
ABB
ESC
EXE
LOCAL SET REMOTE OPERATION
LOCAL CONTROL
ABBN w Part er et ork n
METERING
REL316*4
Monitoring
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4
ABB
ABBN w Part er et ork n
REB500
BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500
Process B u
Process Level
-Q2
-Q0 -Q1 -Q51
-T1
-Q9
-Q8
Intelligent or smart AIS / GIS Switchgear Data acquisition Sensors & Actuators Power Transformers Surge Arrestors
PISA
PISA A
PISA A
PISA B
Intelligent SA: Control, Protection and Sensors
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1 =D04+R01
ABB
PISA
PISA PISA
PISA
Actuator for isolator & earthing switch control Switches
125VDC Distributuion Battery A
ABB
ABB Network Partner
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
REL316*4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Line Protection 1 Abgangsschutz I
=D04 ABOBO 1
=W1
BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4
ABB
POWER MONITORING UNIT
=W2 -Q1 SEL
-Q2 SEL
-Q0 SEL
LAMPE TESTE
OUVRIR
FERMER
Feldleitgert Bay Controller
DISTANCE LOC
? ABB
ESC
EXE
LOCAL
SET
REMOTE
OPERATION
LOCAL CONTROL
ABB
ABB Network Partner
METERING
REL316*4
Actuator for circuit breaker control
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PISA A
Line Protection 2 Abgangsschutz II
LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4
ABB
ABB Network Partner
PISA A PISA B
REB500
Busbar Protection
BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500
Sensors for current & voltage measurement
Process Bus
Interbay bus 1 Interbay bus 2
Monitoring via IEDs for Protection
Advanced analysis tools
Automatic printing Summary report
GPS
Alarm Classes
CONCISE / FAST Distance to Fault
Mo 12. 11. 96 GMT 17:02.43.305 Ayer Rajah & Labrador Feeder One
User friendly visualization Universal Time synchronization
Sequence of Events
ABB Network Partner AG
# Of trips
C E
ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4 ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4 ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4
IED Parameter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
C E
C C E E
Station level supervision
Single Line Diagram:
Diagnostic: Fault Recording and Evaluation
Automatic fault location printout
Remote Control via Network Control Centre (NCC)
The goal of the IEC 61850 standard
Interoperability The ability for IEDs from one or several manufacturer to exchange information and use the information for the their own functions.
Free Configuration The standard shall support different philosophies and allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it will work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized (SCS like) systems. Long Term Stability The standard shall be future proof, i.e. it must be able to follow the progress in communication technology as well as evolving system requirements.
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 127
ABB Group October 10, 2011 | Slide 128
