TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr.no. Date Topic Sign

1. Displaying different LED patterns with Raspberry Pi.

Displaying Time over 4-Digit 7-Segment Display

2.
using Raspberry Pi.

3. Raspberry Pi Based Oscilloscope.

4. Controlling Raspberry Pi with Telegram.

5. Raspberry Pi GPS Module Interfacing.

Interfacing Raspberry Pi with 16x2 LCD using I2C

6.
module.
IoT based Web Controlled Home Automation using
7.
Raspberry Pi.

8. Interfacing Raspberry Pi with Pi Camera.

9. Interfacing Raspberry Pi with RFID.

Interfacing R307 Fingerprint Scanner with Raspberry

10.
Pi
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1 Displaying different LED patterns with Raspberry Pi.

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

x=1
numTimes=int(input("Enter tottal number of times to blink"))
speed=float(input("Enter length of each blink(seconds) : "))

GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(5,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(10,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(19,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(26,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(29,GPIO.OUT)

def Blink(numTimes,speed):
for i in range(0,numTimes):
GPIO.output(5,True)
print ("Iteration ", (i+1))

GPIO.output(10,True)
print ("Iteration ", (i+1))

GPIO.output(19,True)
print ("Iteration ", (i+1))

GPIO.output(26,True)
print ("Iteration ", (i+1))

GPIO.output(29,True)
print ("Iteration ", (i+1))

GPIO.output(29,False)
print ("Iteration ", (i+1))
time.sleep(speed)

GPIO.output(26,False)
print ("Iteration ", (i+1))
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

time.sleep(speed)

GPIO.output(19,False)
print ("Iteration ", (i+1))
time.sleep(speed)

GPIO.output(10,False)
print ("Iteration ", (i+1))
time.sleep(speed)

GPIO.output(5,False)
print ("Iteration ", (i+1))
time.sleep(speed)

Blink(numTimes,speed)
print("Done")
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

2 Displaying Time over 4-Digit 7-Segment Display using Raspberry Pi.

Control 4 digits-7 segments LED display with TM1637 controller
Connection scheme Raspberry Pi
Connect the
1. TM1637 RPI Raspberry LED to
Function
Board Pin Pin Function your
Raspberry
Pi according
to the
2. GND Ground 14 GND
following
diagram:
+ 5V
3. VCC 4 5V
Power

4. DI0 Data In 18 GPIO 24

5. CLK Clock 16 GPIO 23

TM1637 script
In order to control the LED, we use a special script with pre-defined functions. Various
functions are available in the script, for example you can display numbers and adjust the
intensity of the LEDs. Download the script with the command:

wget https://raspberrytips.nl/files/tm1637.py
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

Code:

import sys
import time
import datetime
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import tm1637

#CLK -> GPIO23 (Pin 16)

#Di0 -> GPIO24 (Pin 18)

Display = tm1637.TM1637(23,24,tm1637.BRIGHT_TYPICAL)

Display.Clear()
Display.SetBrightnes(1)

while(True):
now = datetime.datetime.now()
hour = now.hour
minute = now.minute
second = now.second
currenttime = [ int(hour / 10), hour % 10, int(minute / 10), minute % 10 ]

Display.Show(currenttime)
Display.ShowDoublepoint(second % 2)

time.sleep(1)
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

3 Raspberry Pi Based Oscilloscope

Project Requirements
The requirement for this project can be classified into two:

1. Hardware Requirements
2. Software Requirements

Hardware requirements
To build this project, the following components/part are required;

1. Raspberry pi 2 (or any other model)

2. 8 or 16GB SD Card
3. LAN/Ethernet Cable
4. Power Supply or USB cable
5. ADS1115 ADC
6. LDR (Optional as its meant for test)
7. 10k or 1k resistor
8. Jumper wires
9. Breadboard
10. Monitor or any other way of seeing the pi’s Desktop(VNC inclusive)

Software Requirements
The software requirements for this project are basically the python modules (matplotlib
and drawnow) that will be used for data visualization and the Adafruit module for
interfacing with the ADS1115 ADC chip. I will show how to install these modules on
the Raspberry Pi as we proceed.
While this tutorial will work irrespective of the raspberry pi OS used, I will be using the
Raspberry Pi stretch OS and I will assume you are familiar with setting up the Raspberry
Pi with the Raspbian stretch OS, and you know how to SSH into the raspberry pi using
a terminal software like putty. If you have issues with any of this, there are tons
of Raspberry Pi Tutorials on this website that can help.
With all the hardware components in place, let's create the schematics and connect the
components together.

Circuit Diagram:
To convert the analog input signals to digital signals which can be visualized with the
Raspberry Pi, we will be using the ADS1115 ADC chip. This chip becomes important
because the Raspberry Pi, unlike Arduino and most micro-controllers, does not have an
on-board analog to digital converter(ADC). While we could have used any raspberry pi
compatible ADC chip, I prefer this chip due to its high resolution(16bits) and its well
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

documented datasheet and use instructions by Adafruit. You can also check
our Raspberry Pi ADC tutorial to learn more about it.

ADS1115 and Raspberry Pi Connections:

VDD – 3.3v
GND – GND
SDA – SDA
SCL – SCL
With the connections all done, power up your pi and proceed to install the dependencies
mentioned below.
Install Dependencies for Raspberry Pi Oscilloscope:
Before we start writing the python script to pull data from the ADC and plot it on a live
graph, we need to enable the I2C communication interface of the raspberry pi and
install the software requirements that were mentioned earlier. This will be done in below
steps so its easy to follow:
Step 1: Enable Raspberry Pi I2C interface
To enable the I2C, from the terminal, run;

sudo raspi-config

When the configuration panels open, select interface options, select I2C and click enable.

Step 2: Update the Raspberry pi

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The first thing I do before starting any project is updating the Pi. Through this, I am sure
every thing on the OS is up to date and I won’t experience compatibility issue with any
latest software I choose to install on the Pi. To do this, run below two commands:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

Step 3: Install the Adafruit ADS1115 library for ADC

With the update done, we are now ready to install the dependencies starting with the
Adafruit python module for the ADS115 chip. Ensure you are in the Raspberry Pi home
directory by running;

cd ~

then install the build-essentials by running;

sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev python-smbus git

Next, clone the Adafruit git folder for the library by running;

git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_ADS1x15.git

Change into the cloned file’s directory and run the setup file;

cd Adafruit_Python_ADS1x15
sudo python setup.py install

After installation, your screen should look like the image below.
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

Step 4: Test the library and 12C communication.

Before we proceed with the rest of the project, it is important to test the library and
ensure the ADC can communicate with the raspberry pi over I2C. To do this we will use
an example script that comes with the library.
While still in the Adafruit_Python_ADS1x15 folder, change directory to the examples
directory by running;

cd examples

Next, run the sampletest.py example which displays the value of the four channels on
the ADC in a tabular form.
Run the example using:
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

python simpletest.py

If the I2C module is enabled and connections good, you should see the data as shown in
the image below.

If an error occurs, check to ensure the ADC is well connected to the PI and I2C
communication is enabled on the Pi.

Step 5: Install Matplotlib

To visualize the data we need to install the matplotlib module which is used to plot all
kind of graphs in python. This can be done by running;

sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib

You should see an outcome like the image below.

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Step6: Install the Drawnow python module

Lastly, we need to install the drawnow python module. This module helps us provide
live updates to the data plot.
We will be installing drawnow via the python package installer; pip, so we need to
ensure it is installed. This can be done by running;

sudo apt-get install python-pip12

We can then use pip to install the drawnow package by running:

sudo pip install drawnow

You should get an outcome like the image below after running it.
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

With all the dependencies installed, we are now ready to write the code.
Python Code for Raspberry Pi Oscilloscope:
The python code for this Pi Oscilloscope is fairly simple especially if you are familiar
with the python matplotlib module. Before showing us the whole code, I will try to break
it into part and explain what each part of the code is doing so you can have enough
knowledge to extend the code to do more stuffs.
At this stage it is important to switch to a monitor or use the VNC viewer, anything
through which you can see your Raspberry Pi’s desktop, as the graph being plotted won’t
show on the terminal.

With the monitor as the interface open a new python file. You can call it any name you
want, but I will call it scope.py.

sudo nano scope.py

With the file created, the first thing we do is import the modules we will be using;

import time
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from drawnow import *
import Adafruit_ADS1x15

Next, we create an instance of the ADS1x15 library specifying the ADS1115 ADC

adc = Adafruit_ADS1x15.ADS1115()

Next, we set the gain of the ADC. There are different ranges of gain and should be
chosen based on the voltage you are expecting at the input of the ADC. For this tutorial,
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

we are estimating a 0 – 4.09v so we will be using a gain of 1. For more info on gain you
can check the ADS1015/ADS1115 datasheet.

GAIN = 1

Next, we need to create the array variables that will be used to store the data to be plotted
and another one to serve as count.

Val = [ ]
cnt = 0

Next, we make know our intentions of making the plot interactive known so as to enable
us plot the data live.

plt.ion()

Next, we start continuous ADC conversion specifying the ADC channel, in this case,
channel 0 and we also specify the gain.
It should be noted that all the four ADC channels on the ADS1115 can be read at the
same time, but 1 channel is enough for this demonstration.

adc.start_adc(0, gain=GAIN)

Next we create a function def makeFig, to create and set the attributes of the
graph which will hold our live plot. We first of all set the limits of the y-axis using ylim,
after which we input the title of the plot, and the label name before we specify the data
that will be plotted and its plot style and color using plt.plot(). We can also state the
channel (as channel 0 was stated) so we can identify each signal when the four channels
of the ADC are being used. plt.legend is used to specify where we want the information
about that signal(e.g Channel 0) displayed on the figure.

plt.ylim(-5000,5000)
plt.title('Osciloscope')
plt.grid(True)
plt.ylabel('ADC outputs')
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

plt.plot(val, 'ro-', label='lux')

plt.legend(loc='lower right')

Next we write the while loop which will be used constantly read data from the ADC and
update the plot accordingly.
The first thing we do is read the ADC conversion value

value = adc.get_last_result()

Next we print the value on the terminal just to give us another way of confirming the
plotted data. We wait a few seconds after printing then we append the data to the list
(val) created to store the data for that channel.

print('Channel 0: {0}'.format(value))
time.sleep(0.5)
val.append(int(value))

We then call drawnow to update the plot.

drawnow(makeFig)

To ensure the latest data is what is available on the plot, we delete the data at index 0
after every 50 data counts.

cnt = cnt+1
if(cnt>50):
val.pop(0)

That’s all!
The complete Python code is given at the end of this tutorial.

Raspberry Pi Oscilloscope in Action:

Copy the complete python code and paste in the python file we created earlier, remember
we will need a monitor to view the plot so all of this should be done by either VNC or
with a connected monitor or screen.
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

Save the code and run using;

sudo python scope.py

If you used a different name other than scope.py, don’t forget to change this to match.
After a few minutes, you should see the ADC data being printed on the terminal.
Occasionally you may get a warning from matplotlib (as shown in the image below)
which should be suppressed but it doesn’t affect the data being displayed or the plot in
anyway. To suppress the warning however, the following lines of code can be added
after the import lines in our code.

Import warnings
import matplotlib.cbook
warnings.filterwarnings(“ignore”, category=matplotlib.cbook.mplDeprecation)
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

Code:
import time
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#import numpy
from drawnow import *
# Import the ADS1x15 module.
import Adafruit_ADS1x15
# Create an ADS1115 ADC (16-bit) instance.
adc = Adafruit_ADS1x15.ADS1115()
GAIN = 1
val = [ ]
cnt = 0
plt.ion()
# Start continuous ADC conversions on channel 0 using the previous gain value.
adc.start_adc(0, gain=GAIN)
print('Reading ADS1x15 channel 0')
#create the figure function
def makeFig():
plt.ylim(-5000,5000)
plt.title('Osciloscope')
plt.grid(True)
plt.ylabel('ADC outputs')
plt.plot(val, 'ro-', label='Channel 0')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

while (True):
# Read the last ADC conversion value and print it out.
value = adc.get_last_result()
print('Channel 0: {0}'.format(value))
# Sleep for half a second.
time.sleep(0.5)
val.append(int(value))
drawnow(makeFig)
plt.pause(.000001)
cnt = cnt+1
if(cnt>50):
val.pop(0)
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

4 Controlling Raspberry Pi with Telegram.

Step 1: Open Telegram app in your system or mobile

Open Telegram app in your system or mobile\
1.2 Start "BotFather"

1.3 Open "BotFather"

1.4 Start "BotFather"

 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

/start
1.5 Create a new Bot

1.6 Obtain access token

 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

3.3 Install "Python Package Index"

sudo apt-get install python-pip

Note: Make sure Pi has internet access

3.4 Install "telepot"

sudo pip install telepot

Step 4: Run the Python Code

4.1 Clone the git
git clone https://github.com/salmanfarisvp/TelegramBot.git
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

4.2 Paste your Bot Token here

bot = telepot.Bot('Bot Token')
Note: 1.6 for more details
4.3 Run the Code
python telegrambot.py
All set, now time to connect the Pi and LED.
Step 5: Connect LED to Pi

Step 6: Send Command

6.1 Start our Bot
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

6.2 Send "on" & "off"

 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

Look at your Pi, you can see the LED on and off when you send "on" and "off" to our bot.
Code:

import sys
import time
import random
import datetime
import telepot
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

#LED
def on(pin):
GPIO.output(pin,GPIO.HIGH)
return
def off(pin):
GPIO.output(pin,GPIO.LOW)
return
# to use Raspberry Pi board pin numbers
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
# set up GPIO output channel
GPIO.setup(11, GPIO.OUT)
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

def handle(msg):
chat_id = msg['chat']['id']
command = msg['text']

print 'Got command: %s' % command

if command == 'on':
bot.sendMessage(chat_id, on(11))
elif command =='off':
bot.sendMessage(chat_id, off(11))

bot = telepot.Bot('Bot Token')

bot.message_loop(handle)
print 'I am listening...'

while 1:
time.sleep(10)

5
Raspberry Pi GPS Module Interfacing.
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

sudo nano /boot/config.txt

###############
dtparam=spi=on
dtoverlay=pi3-disable-bt
core_freq=250
enable_uart=1
force_turbo=1
#############
sudo systemctl stop [email protected]
sudo systemctl disable [email protected]

sudo systemctl enable [email protected]

sudo apt-get install minicom

sudo pip install pynmea2

sudo cat /dev/ttyAMA0

code:
import time
import serial
import string
import pynmea2
import RPi.GPIO as gpio
gpio.setmode(gpio.BCM)
port = "/dev/ttyAMA0" # the serial port to which the pi is connected.

#create a serial object

ser = serial.Serial(port, baudrate = 9600, timeout = 0.5)
while 1:
try:
data = ser.readline()
# print data
except:
print("loading")
#wait for the serial port to churn out data

if data[0:6] == '$GPGGA':
msg = pynmea2.parse(data)
print msg
time.sleep(2)
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

6 Interfacing Raspberry Pi with 16x2 LCD using I2C module.

Step 1 – Connect LCD Screen to the Pi

The I2c module can be powered with either 5V or 3.3V but the screen works best if it
provided with 5V. However the Pi’s GPIO pins aren’t 5V tolerant so the I2C signals
need to be level shifted. To do this I used an I2C level shifter.

This requires a high level voltage (5V) and a low level voltage (3.3V) which the device
uses as a reference. The HV pins can be connected to the screen and two of the LV pins
to the Pi’s I2C interface.

Level I2C
Shifter Pi Backpack

LV 3.3V –

LV1 SDA –

LV2 SCL –

GND GND GND

 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

HV 5V VCC

HV1 SDA

HV2 SCL

While experimenting I found that it worked fine without the level shifting but I couldn’t
be certain this wasn’t going to damage the Pi at some point. So it’s probably best to play
it safe!

Step 2 – Download the Example Python Script

The example script will allow you to send text to the screen via I2C. It is very similar to
my scripts for the normal 16×2 screen. To download the script directly to your Pi you
can use :
wget https://bitbucket.org/MattHawkinsUK/rpispy-misc/raw/master/python/lcd_i2c.py

Step 3 – Enable the I2C Interface

In order to use I2C devices you must enable the interface on your Raspberry Pi. This can
be done by following my “Enabling The I2C Interface On The Raspberry Pi” tutorial. By
default the I2C backpack will show up on address 0x27.

Step 4 – Run LCD Script

The script can be run using the following command :

sudo python lcd_i2c.py

Code:

import smbus
import time

# Define some device parameters

I2C_ADDR = 0x27 # I2C device address
LCD_WIDTH = 16 # Maximum characters per line

# Define some device constants

LCD_CHR = 1 # Mode - Sending data
LCD_CMD = 0 # Mode - Sending command
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

LCD_LINE_1 = 0x80 # LCD RAM address for the 1st line

LCD_LINE_2 = 0xC0 # LCD RAM address for the 2nd line
LCD_LINE_3 = 0x94 # LCD RAM address for the 3rd line
LCD_LINE_4 = 0xD4 # LCD RAM address for the 4th line

LCD_BACKLIGHT = 0x08 # On
#LCD_BACKLIGHT = 0x00 # Off

ENABLE = 0b00000100 # Enable bit

# Timing constants
E_PULSE = 0.0005
E_DELAY = 0.0005

#Open I2C interface

#bus = smbus.SMBus(0) # Rev 1 Pi uses 0
bus = smbus.SMBus(1) # Rev 2 Pi uses 1

def lcd_init():
# Initialise display
lcd_byte(0x33,LCD_CMD) # 110011 Initialise
lcd_byte(0x32,LCD_CMD) # 110010 Initialise
lcd_byte(0x06,LCD_CMD) # 000110 Cursor move direction
lcd_byte(0x0C,LCD_CMD) # 001100 Display On,Cursor Off, Blink Off
lcd_byte(0x28,LCD_CMD) # 101000 Data length, number of lines, font size
lcd_byte(0x01,LCD_CMD) # 000001 Clear display
time.sleep(E_DELAY)

def lcd_byte(bits, mode):

# Send byte to data pins
# bits = the data
# mode = 1 for data
# 0 for command

bits_high = mode | (bits & 0xF0) | LCD_BACKLIGHT

bits_low = mode | ((bits<<4) & 0xF0) | LCD_BACKLIGHT

# High bits
bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, bits_high)
lcd_toggle_enable(bits_high)

# Low bits
bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, bits_low)
lcd_toggle_enable(bits_low)
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

def lcd_toggle_enable(bits):
# Toggle enable
time.sleep(E_DELAY)
bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, (bits | ENABLE))
time.sleep(E_PULSE)
bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR,(bits & ~ENABLE))
time.sleep(E_DELAY)

def lcd_string(message,line):
# Send string to display

message = message.ljust(LCD_WIDTH," ")

lcd_byte(line, LCD_CMD)

for i in range(LCD_WIDTH):
lcd_byte(ord(message[i]),LCD_CHR)

def main():
# Main program block

# Initialise display
lcd_init()

while True:

# Send some test

lcd_string("RPiSpy <",LCD_LINE_1)
lcd_string("I2C LCD <",LCD_LINE_2)

time.sleep(3)

# Send some more text

lcd_string("> RPiSpy",LCD_LINE_1)
lcd_string("> I2C LCD",LCD_LINE_2)

time.sleep(3)

if __name__ == '__main__':

try:
main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
finally:
lcd_byte(0x01, LCD_CMD)
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

7
IoT based Web Controlled Home Automation using Raspberry Pi

Code:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

from time import sleep
relay_pin = 26
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(relay_pin, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(relay_pin, 1)
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

try:
while True:
GPIO.output(relay_pin, 0)
sleep(5)
GPIO.output(relay_pin, 1)
sleep(5)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
GPIO.cleanup()

8
Interfacing Raspberry Pi with Pi Camera.

To capture image:
import picamera
from time import sleep

#create object for PiCamera class

camera = picamera.PiCamera()
#set resolution
camera.resolution = (1024, 768)
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

camera.brightness = 60
camera.start_preview()
#add text on image
camera.annotate_text = 'Hi Pi User'
sleep(5)
#store image
camera.capture('image1.jpeg')
camera.stop_preview()

To capture video:
import picamera
from time import sleep
camera = picamera.PiCamera()
camera.resolution = (640, 480)
print()
#start recording using pi camera
camera.start_recording("/home/pi/demo.h264")
#wait for video to record
camera.wait_recording(20)
#stop recording
camera.stop_recording()
camera.close()
print("video recording stopped")
To Play the video:
Omxplayer demo.h264
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

9
Interfacing Raspberry Pi with RFID.

I2C Communication Instructions for Raspberry Pi

1. Open I2C of the Raspberry Pi :

sudo raspi-config

Select 5 Interfacing Options -> I2C -> yes.

 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

2. Install some dependent packages

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install libusb-dev libpcsclite-dev i2c-tools

3. Download and unzip the source code package of libnfc

cd ~
wget http://dl.bintray.com/nfc-tools/sources/libnfc-1.7.1.tar.bz2
tar -xf libnfc-1.7.1.tar.bz2

4. Compile and install

cd libnfc-1.7.1
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc
make
sudo make install

5. Write the configuration file for NFC communication

cd /etc
sudo mkdir nfc
sudo nano /etc/nfc/libnfc.conf

Check the following details of the file etc/nfc/libnfc.conf:

# Allow device auto-detection (default: true)
# Note: if this auto-detection is disabled, user has to set manually a device
# configuration using file or environment variable
allow_autoscan = true

# Allow intrusive auto-detection (default: false)

# Warning: intrusive auto-detection can seriously disturb other devices
# This option is not recommended, user should prefer to add manually his device.
 T.Y.B.Sc. (I.T.) 2024

allow_intrusive_scan = false

# Set log level (default: error)

# Valid log levels are (in order of verbosity): 0 (none), 1 (error), 2 (info), 3 (debug)
# Note: if you compiled with --enable-debug option, the default log level is "debug"
log_level = 1

# Manually set default device (no default)

# To set a default device, you must set both name and connstring for your device
# Note: if autoscan is enabled, default device will be the first device available in
device list.
#device.name = "_PN532_SPI"
#device.connstring = "pn532_spi:/dev/spidev0.0:500000"

device.name = "_PN532_I2c"
device.connstring = "pn532_i2c:/dev/i2c-1"

6. Wiring

Toggle the switch to the I2C mode

SEL SEL
0 1
H L
Connect the devices:

PN532 Raspberry
5V 5V 4
GND GND 6
SDA SDA0 3
SCL SCL0 5

7. Run i2cdetect –yes 1 to check whether the I2C device is recognized.

If yes, it means both the module and the wiring work well.
Then type in nfc-list to check the NFC module:
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Run nfc-poll to scan the RFID tag and you can read information on the card:

SPI Communication Instructions for Raspberry Pi

1. Open SPI of the Raspberry Pi:

sudo raspi-config

Select 9 Advanced Options -> SPI -> yes.

2. Install some dependent packages

sudo apt-get update

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sudo apt-get install libusb-dev libpcsclite-dev i2c-tools

3. Download and unzip the source code package of libnfc

cd ~
wget http://dl.bintray.com/nfc-tools/sources/libnfc-1.7.1.tar.bz2
tar -xf libnfc-1.7.1.tar.bz2

4. Compile and install

cd libnfc-1.7.1
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc
make
sudo make install

5. Write the configuration file for NFC communication

cd /etc

sudo mkdir nfc

sudo nano /etc/nfc/libnfc.conf

Check the following details of the file etc/nfc/libnfc.conf:

# Allow device auto-detection (default: true)

# Note: if this auto-detection is disabled, user has to set manually a device
# configuration using file or environment variable
allow_autoscan = true

# Allow intrusive auto-detection (default: false)

# Warning: intrusive auto-detection can seriously disturb other devices
# This option is not recommended, user should prefer to add manually his device.
allow_intrusive_scan = false

# Set log level (default: error)

# Valid log levels are (in order of verbosity): 0 (none), 1 (error), 2 (info), 3 (debug)
# Note: if you compiled with --enable-debug option, the default log level is "debug"
log_level = 1

# Manually set default device (no default)

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# To set a default device, you must set both name and connstring for your device
# Note: if autoscan is enabled, default device will be the first device available in
device list.
device.name = "_PN532_SPI"
device.connstring = "pn532_spi:/dev/spidev0.0:500000"
#device.name = "_PN532_I2c"
#device.connstring = "pn532_i2c:/dev/i2c-1"

6. Wiring
Toggle the switch to the SPI mode
SEL0 SEL1
L H
Connect the devices:
PN532 Raspberry
5V 5V
GND GND
SCK SCKL
MISO MISO
MOSI MOSI
NSS CE0
7. Run ls /dev/spidev0.* to check whether the SPI is opened or not.
If yes, it means both the module and the wiring work well.
Then type in nfc-list to check the NFC module:
/dev/spidev0.0 /dev/spidev0.1
If two devices are detected, it means the SPI is already opened.
Then type in nfc-list to check the NFC module:

For Raspberry Pi 3, you may be appear the following error

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You should modifiy the libnfc.conf

sudo nano /etc/nfc/libnfc.conf

then modify 500000 to 50000:

device.connstring = "pn532_spi:/dev/spidev0.0:50000"

Run nfc-poll to scan the RFID tag and you can read information on the card:

Code:
import subprocess
import time

def nfc_raw():
lines=subprocess.check_output("/usr/bin/nfc-poll",
stderr=open('/dev/null','w'))
return lines

def read_nfc():
lines=nfc_raw()
return lines

try:
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while True:
myLines=read_nfc()
buffer=[]
for line in myLines.splitlines():
line_content=line.split()
if(not line_content[0] =='UID'):
pass
else:
buffer.append(line_content)
str=buffer[0]
id_str=str[2]+str[3]+str[4]+str[5]
print (id_str)

except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass

10 . Interfacing 307 Fingerprint Scanner with Raspeberry Pi.

Fingerprint module Color Wire USB-TTL convertor

pins
1: VCC Red Connect it to USB-
TTL(5V) : VCC
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2: GND Black Connect it to USB-TTL:

GND
3: Tx Yellow Connect it to USB-TTL:
Rx
4: Rx White Connect it to USB-TTL:
Tx

CP2102 USB to TTL converter Fingerprint Sensor - R307

Install git and devscripts using terminal

sudo apt-get install git devscripts

Download pyfingerprint package from git

git clone https://github.com/bastianraschke/pyfingerprint.git
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Install pyfingerprint package

cd pyfingerprint/src
dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us

cd files
cd pyfingerprint
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo usermod -a -G dialout pi

Create a new file finger.py in pyfingerprint directory

import time
from pyfingerprint.pyfingerprint import PyFingerprint
import RPi.GPIO as gpio
print ("Successfully imported fingerprint module")
gpio.setwarnings(False)
gpio.setmode(gpio.BCM)
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try:
f = PyFingerprint('/dev/ttyUSB1', 57600, 0XFFFFFFFF, 0X00000000)
except Exception as e:
print('Exception Message :' + str(e))
def enrollFinger():
print ('Enrolling Finger')
time.sleep(3)
print('Place Finger')
while(f.readImage()==False):
pass
f.convertImage(0X01)
result=f.searchTemplate()
positionNumber = result[0]
if (positionNumber >=0):
print('Template already exists at position #'+str(positionNumber))
time.sleep(2)
return
print('Remove finger')
print('Waiting for same finger')
time.sleep(3)
while(f.readImage()==False):
pass
f.convertImage(0X02)
if(f.compareCharacteristics()==0):
print('Fingers do not match')
time.sleep(2)
return
else:
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f.createTemplate()
positionNumber=f.storeTemplate()
print('Finger enrolled successfully')
print('Stored at pos: ' +str(positionNumber))
time.sleep(2)
def searchFinger():
try:
print('Waiting for finger...')
time.sleep(2)
while(f.readImage()==False):
time.sleep(4)
return
f.convertImage(0X01)
result = f.searchTemplate()
positionNumber = result[0]
if positionNumber==-1:
print('No Match found')
time.sleep(4)
return False
else:
print('Found template at position ' + str(positionNumber))
time.sleep(4)
return True
except Exception as e:
print('Operation failed')
print('Exception message: ' +str(e))
exit(1)
return
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def deleteFinger():
try:
print('Waiting for finger...')
time.sleep(2)
while(f.readImage()==False):
time.sleep(4)
return
f.convertImage(0X01)
result = f.searchTemplate()
positionNumber = result[0]
if positionNumber==-1:
print('No Match found')
time.sleep(4)
return False
else:
if(f.deleteTemplate(positionNumber)==True):
print('Finger Deleted')
time.sleep(4)
return True
except Exception as e:
print('Operation failed')
print('Exception message: ' +str(e))
exit(1)
time.sleep(1)
print('Start')
while True:
i = int (input("\nEnter :\n1.Enroll\n2.Search\n3.Delete\n4.Exit\n"))
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if i==1:
enrollFinger()
elif i==2:
searchFinger()
elif i==3:
deleteFinger()
elif i==4:
break
else:
print("Invalid option !!!Enter Correct")

Output:

If any module error after doing these step so do the below steps:
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Install the module

Sudo pip3 install pyfingerprint

Then write the same above code in Python Thonny IDLE and
save the Program with suitable name with the extension .py
Note : Don’t forget to enable the the SPI and I2c.