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1. Write an SQL query to retrieve all records from the students table ?
Answer:-
Explanation:
• SELECT * means select all columns.
• FROM students tells the database to get the data from the students table.
Example: Let's say your students table looks like this:
student_id name age course maths_marks
1 Rahul 20 B.Sc 85
2 Anjali 21 B.Com 78
3 Sameer 19 B.Sc 92
Running this query:
Would return:
student_id name age course maths_marks
1 Rahul 20 B.Sc 85
2 Anjali 21 B.Com 78
3 Sameer 19 B.Sc 92
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2. Write an SQL query to display the names and email addresses of employees from the
employee table.
Answer:-
Explanation:
• SELECT name, email: Retrieves only the name and email columns.
• FROM employee: Specifies the employee table to fetch data from.
Example: Assume your employee table contains the following data:
emp_id name email department
101 Priya [email protected] Sales
102 Raj [email protected] HR
103 Sneha [email protected] IT
Running the query:
Will return:
name email
Priya [email protected]
Raj [email protected]
Sneha [email protected]
3. Write a query to list all products from the product table whose price is greater than 500.
Answer:-
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Explanation:
• SELECT *: Retrieves all columns for matching records.
• FROM product: Specifies the table named product.
• WHERE price > 500: Filters records where the price is greater than 500.
Example: Assume your product table contains the following data -
product_id product_name price
1 Laptop 55000
2 Mouse 450
3 Monitor 8000
4 Pen Drive 300
Running the query:
Will return:
product_id product_name price
1 Laptop 55000
3 Monitor 8000
4. Write a query to find the details of customers who live in ‘Mumbai'.
Answer:-
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Explanation:
• SELECT *: Retrieves all columns for matching customers.
• FROM customers: Specifies the customers table.
• WHERE city = 'Mumbai': Filters only those customers whose city is Mumbai.
Example: Assume your customers table contains the following data:
customer_id name email city
Running the query:
Will return:
customer_id name email city
1 Ramesh [email protected] Mumbai
3 Anil [email protected] Mumbai
5. Display the name and department of all employees sorted by name in ascending order.
Answer:-
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Explanation:
• SELECT name, department: Retrieves only the name and department columns.
• FROM employee: Specifies the employee table.
• ORDER BY name ASC: Sorts the result alphabetically by name in ascending order
(ASC is optional as it is the default).
Example: Assume your employee table contains the following data:
emp_id name department
1 Rahul Sales
2 Anjali HR
3 Sneha IT
4 Mohan Finance
Running the query:
Will return:
name department
Anjali HR
Mohan Finance
Rahul Sales
Sneha IT
6. Write a query to display the total salary paid to employees in the sales department ?
Answer:-
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Explanation:
• SUM(salary): Adds up all salary values.
• WHERE department = 'Sales': Restricts the query to only employees in the Sales
department.
• AS total_salary: Gives the result column a clear label.
Example: Assume the employee table contains:
emp_id name department salary
1 Rahul Sales 30000
2 Sneha IT 40000
3 Anjali Sales 35000
4 Mohan HR 28000
Running the query:
Would return:
Total_salary = 65000
Because:
Rahul (Sales): 30000
Anjali (Sales): 35000, Total = 30000 + 35000 = 65000
7. Write a query to find the maximum and minimum salaries from the employee table.
Answer:-
Explanation:
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• MAX(salary): Returns the highest salary in the table.
• MIN(salary): Returns the lowest salary in the table.
• AS max_salary / min_salary: Renames the output columns for readability.
Example: Assume your employee table contains the following data:
emp_id name department salary
1 Rahul Sales 30000
2 Sneha IT 45000
3 Anjali Sales 28000
4 Mohan HR 50000
Running the query:
Will return:
max_salary min_salary
50000 50000
8. Write an SQL query to count the number of students in each department.
Answer:-
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Explanation:
•COUNT(*): Counts the number of students in each group.
•GROUP BY department: Groups students by their department.
•AS student_count: Gives a clear label to the result column.
Example: Assume the students table contains the following data:
student_id name department
1 Riya B.Sc
2 Karan B.Com
3 Sneha B.Sc
4 Mohit BBA
5 Pooja B.Sc
6 Alok B.Com
Running the query:
Will return:
department student_count
B.Sc 3
B.Com 2
BBA 1
9. Write a query to display the names of students who have scored more than 80 marks in Maths.
Answer:-
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Explanation:
• SELECT name: Retrieves the names of students.
• FROM students: Specifies the students table.
• WHERE maths_marks > 80: Filters only those students whose Maths marks are greater
than 80.
Example: Assume the students table contains:
student_id name maths_marks
1 Riya 78
2 Karan 85
3 Sneha 92
4 Mohit 65
Running the query:
Will return:
name
Karan
Sneha
10. Write a query to update the price of all products in the product table by increasing it by 10%.
Answer:-
Explanation:
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• UPDATE product: Targets the product table.
• SET price = price * 1.10: Increases each product's price by 10% (i.e., multiplies by
1.10).
Example: Assume your product table looks like this before the update:
product_id product_name price
1 Laptop 50000
2 Mouse 1000
3 Monitor 8000
Running the query:
Will return:
product_id product_name price
1 Laptop 55000
2 Mouse 1100
3 Monitor 8800
11. Write a query to display the names of employees who joined in the year 2023.
Answer:-
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Explanation:
• SELECT name: Fetches employee names.
• FROM employee: Uses the employee table.
• WHERE YEAR(join_date) = 2023: Filters employees whose join_date falls in the year
2023.
Example: Assume the employee table contains:
emp_id name join_date
1 Riya 2022-08-15
2 Karan 2023-03-10
3 Sneha 2023-07-25
4 Mohit 2024-01-05
Running the query:
Will return:
name
Karan
Sneha
12. Write an SQL query to display employees whose names start with the letter 'A'.
Answer:-
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Explanation:
•LIKE 'A%': Finds names that start with the letter ‘A'.
•% is a wildcard that matches any number of characters after 'A'.
•SELECT *: Retrieves all columns from the employee table.
Example: Assume your employee table contains:
emp_id name department salary
1 Anjali HR 30000
2 Amit Sales 32000
3 Raj IT 40000
4 Sneha Finance 35000
Running the query:
Will return:
emp_id name department salary
1 Anjali HR 30000
2 Amit Sales 32000
13. Write a query to find employees who earn more than the average salary of all employees.
Answer:-
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Explanation:
• The subquery (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee) calculates the average salary of
all employees.
• The main query selects all employee records where the salary is greater than that
average.
Example: Assume your employee table has the following data:
emp_id name salary
1 Riya 30000
2 Karan 40000
3 Sneha 35000
4 Mohit 50000
Average salary = (30000 + 40000 + 35000 + 50000) / 4 = 38750
Running the query:
Will return:
emp_id name salary
2 Karan 40000
4 Mohit 50000
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14. Write an SQL join query to display order details along with customer name from order
customers tables.
Answer:-
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Explanation:
• JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id = customers.customer_id: Joins the two tables
using the foreign key relationship.
• SELECT ...: Retrieves order details along with the customer name.
• AS customer_name: Renames the column for readability.
Example: Customers Table:
Customers Table:
customer_id name city
1 Riya Mumbai
2 Karan Delhi
3 Sneha Pune
Orders Table:
order_id customer_id order_date amount
101 1 2024-01-12 5000
102 2 2024-02-18 3000
103 1 2024-03-05 7000
Running the query:
Will return:
order_id order_date amount customer_name
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101 2024-01-12 5000 Riya
102 2024-02-18 3000 Karan
103 2024-03-05 7000 Riya
15. Write a nested query to find the names of students who scored the highest marks in the exam
table.
Answer:-
Explanation:
• The inner query SELECT MAX(marks) FROM exam finds the highest mark.
• The outer query returns the names of students whose marks equal that maximum.
Example: Assume your exam table looks like this:
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student_id name subject marks
1 Riya Maths 88
2 Karan Maths 95
3 Sneha Maths 91
4 Mohit Maths 95
Running the query:
Will return:
name
Karan
Mohit
Because both scored the highest mark: 95.
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16. Write SQL commands to:
a) Create a table department with columns dept_id, dept_name, and location.
b) Insert a record into the department table.
Answer:-
a) Create a Table department
Explanation:
• dept_id: Integer type and used as the primary key.
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• dept_name and location: String (text) fields with a max length of 50 characters.
b) Insert a Record into the department Table
Explanation:
• Adds one record to the table with:
◦ dept_id = 101
◦ dept_name = Human Resources
◦ location = Mumbai
After Insert, the Table Will Look Like:
dept_id dept_name location
101 Human Resources Mumbai
17. Write a command to delete all records from the orders table where the order date is before
'2024-01-01'.
Answer:-
Explanation:
• DELETE FROM orders: Specifies the table from which records will be removed.
• WHERE order_date < '2024-01-01': Filters records to delete only those with an order
date before January 1, 2024.
Example: Before Deletion – orders Table:
order_id customer_id order_date amount
101 1 2023-12-28 5000
102 2 2024-01-05 3000
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103 3 2023-11-15 7000
Running the query:
Updated orders Table:
order_id customer_id order_date amount
102 2 2024-01-05 3000
18. Alter the employee table to add a new column email.
Answer:-
Explanation:
• ALTER TABLE employee: Targets the table named employee.
• ADD email VARCHAR(100): Adds a new column named email with a maximum length
of 100 characters (suitable for email addresses).
Example: Before Altering — employee Table:
emp_id name department salary
1 Riya HR 30000
2 Karan IT 40000
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Running the query:
Will return:
After Altering — employee Table:
emp_id name department salary email
1 Riya HR 30000 NULL
2 Karan IT 40000 NULL
The new email column is added, and existing rows will show NULL for email until updated.
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19. Count the number of students enrolled in each course and display only those courses where
more than 5 students are enrolled.
Answer:-
Explanation:
• GROUP BY course: Groups students by course.
• COUNT(*): Counts the number of students in each course.
• HAVING COUNT(*) > 5: Filters only those courses with more than 5 students.
Example: students Table:
student_id name course
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1 Riya BCA
2 Karan BCA
3 Sneha BCom
4 Mohit BCA
5 Priya BCom
6 Ankit BCA
7 Meena BCA
8 Rahul BCom
9 Simran BCom
10 Neha BCom
11 Arjun BCom
Running the query:
course student_count
BCA 5
BCom 6
So only BCom will be shown in the result.
20. Display the average marks scored in each subject, and sort the result by average marks in
descending order.
Answer:-
Explanation:
• AVG(marks): Calculates the average marks per subject.
• GROUP BY subject: Groups the results by each subject.
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• ORDER BY average_marks DESC: Sorts the results in descending order of average
marks.
Example: exam Table:
student_id name subject marks
1 Riya Maths 90
2 Karan Maths 80
3 Sneha Science 85
4 Mohit English 75
5 Neha Science 95
6 Rahul English 65
Running the query:
subject average_marks
Science 90.00
Maths 85.00
English 70.00
