LAB EXPERIMENT –2(b)
22BAI10394
Aim:
Apparatus Required:
• NOR Gate IC (e.g., 7402)
• Door Sensors (Reed Switch or Limit Switch)
• Vibration Sensor (Optional for impact detection)
• Resistors (1kΩ, 10kΩ)
• LED Indicators (for status display)
• Buzzer or Siren (for alarm activation)
• Power Supply (12V DC for the alarm system, 5V
for logic circuit)
• Relay Module (for controlling high-power alarms)
• Connecting Wires
Theory:
1 INTRODUCTION
Gates with more than two inputs also exist. IC 74LS27 has triple 3-input NOR
gates and CMOS IC 74HC4002 has a dual 4 - inputs NOR gates. To design an
alarm circuit for a car with four doors such multiple input gates can be used.
1.1 FOUR - INPUT NOR GATE |Description | Produces a HIGH output only if all
the inputs are HIGH. | |-------|--------------------| |Symbol|
| |Truth Table|
|
1.2 APPLICATION: AUTOMOBILE ALARM SYSTEM
Consider four push buttons switches mounted on the door of an
automobile/car. Each input to the NOR gate has a pull-down resistor to pull the
inputs to the gate LOW. Refer Fig.1
Figure 1 Pull-down resistor pulling the input to the gate LOW
1.3 CONCEPT:
The alarm will sound when any one or all of the door-mounted normally closed
(NC) push button switches are released (closed) by a door opening.
The bubble at the output of the gate suggests that the alarm is activated when
the output of the gate is LOW (active-low output). An OR gate is equivalent to a
bubbled NAND gate. The buffer is required to provide extra current to drive the
alarm circuit.
Figure 2 Simple Automobile Alarm System
Explanation:
1. SW0 is to Enable/Disable the Alarm System.
2. When SW0 is at position 'a', regardless of the status of door
open/closed, the alarm system is disabled.
3. When SW0 is at position 'b', the alarm system is enabled. Once enabled,
and if one or more doors of the car are opened, then one or more inputs
go HIGH and produce a LOW output. This sets the alarm ON indicating
the open door status.
4. When all auto/car doors are closed, all the input switches are in the
position shown in Fig.2. The inputs to the NOR gate are LLLL and this
causes a HIGH output and the alarm is in deactivated mode.
1. Push the switch SW0 at position 'a' i.e. green indication and observe that
irrespective of door position, the alarm system is disabled and output
LED turns GREEN.
2. Now set the switch SW0 at position 'b' (i.e. grey position). The alarm
system is enabled. Then change the switch positions SW1, SW2, SW3 and
SW4 to simulate the open/close door status and observe when the alarm
sounds. The alarming condition is shown with the help of output LED
turning RED.
3. If any or all the doors are opened (SW showing RED indication), then
check whether you can LISTEN to the output ALARM & verify the result.
Procedure:
1. Push the switch SW0 at position 'a' i.e. green indication and observe that
irrespective of door position, the alarm system is disabled and output
LED turns GREEN.
2. Now set the switch SW0 at position 'b' (i.e. grey position). The alarm
system is enabled. Then change the switch positions SW1, SW2, SW3 and
SW4 to simulate the open/close door status and observe when the alarm
sounds. The alarming condition is shown with the help of output LED
turning RED.
3. If any or all the doors are opened (SW showing RED indication), then
check whether you can LISTEN to the output ALARM & verify the result.
4. Using simulator build the automobile alarm circuit by using two input
gates and verify the result. Use green LED as output indicator.
https://youtu.be/ItkTeBK7_Qg
Simulation:
Results & Conclusion
• Results: The NOR gate-based alarm system successfully detects
unauthorized access and activates the alarm accordingly.
• Conclusion: The NOR gate can be effectively used in automobile security
systems, providing a cost-effective and reliable way to prevent theft or
unauthorized access.
DONE BY :
BOTTA PAVAN DINESH (22BAI10394)
