UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

TINDIVANAM
(A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai)

B.TECH SIXTH SEMESTER RECORD FOR

CCS372 - Virtualization Theory Cum Lab

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY RECORD NOTE BOOK

2024-2025
 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
TINDIVANAM
(A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai)

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY RECORD NOTE BOOK

2024-2025
This his is to certify that this is a bonafide record of the work done by

Mr./Ms. __________________________, Register Number ___________________,

of IIIrd Year B.Tech, Department of Information Technology, in CCS372 -

Virtualization Theory Cum Lab during the VI Semester.

University Examination held on ………………………………………….

Staff In-Charge Head of the Department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

4
S.NO DATE EXPERIMENTS PAGE.NO SIGNATURE

1 Create type 2 virtualization in VMWARE

or any equivalent Open Source Tool

2 Create type 2 virtualization on ESXI 6.5

server

Install KVM in Linux

3

4 Create Nested Virtual Machine(VM under

another VM)

5 Create a VLAN using Cisco Packet Tracer

6A Desktop Virtualization using Chrome

Remote Desktop

6B Implement program for event detection in

a video surveillance system.

7A Shrink and Extend Virtual Disk

7B Create, Manage, Configure and schedule

snapshots

5
6
EX.NO:01 Create type 2 virtualization in VMWARE or any equivalent Open
DATE: Source Tool

AIM:
To create a type 2 virtualization in Oracle VirtualBox and allocate the primary memory, second
storage in the virtual HDD as per Ubuntu 18.0.4 OS requirement. Then, install the guest OS Ubuntu 18.0.4
in this created virtual machine.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Download and install the type 2 hypervisor.

Step 2: Create a Virtual Machine (VM) hardware in it.
Step 3: Install the Guest OS.
Step 4: Run a C program in the guest OS.

Procedure:
Installing the Oracle VM VirtualBox hypervisor in the host (Here, Windows 11 OS is the host – It depends
on the OS on which this hypervisor is installed)
Step 1:
Download the oracle VirtualBox Manager
Step 2: Select Windows Hosts to download.

Here, VirtualBox 7.1.6 platform is the latest one as of March 2025.

Step 3: The VirtualBox software is downloaded to your PC.

Step 4: Browse for the downloaded Virtuabbox-7.1.6-167084-Win.exe. Then, click next to install the
VirtualBox 7.1.6.
Creating a VM hardware (i.e. a shared hardware) in the host (Here, OS is the host)
Step 1:
Open oracle VirtualBox Manager

Step 2: Create a new VM hardware by clicking the new option

Step 3: Give the Machine name and select the OS type you want.
1. Name : Type your VM name you want here
2. Folder: Select the place where your VM is going to reside.
(I have selected D:\VirtualBox VMs).
3. Type: Select Linux from among different operating systems listed.
4. Version: Select the OS version of the ISO image you have.
Then press the option Next.
Now, we have created the VM Name, OS type we want in our virtual machine.

Step 4: Select the Primary Memory you want to allocate to your VM hardware which is going to
install Ubuntu 18.0.4 (Bionic Beaver) and run this OS and the future applications.
Base Memory: 2048 MB (defalt memory requirement shown by the VM)
Here, we can see the total memory (8192 MB = 8GB) and the needed primary memory (2048MB = 2 GB)
Processors: 1 CPUs needed (totally 8 logical CPUs available in my system)
I have increased it to two.
Step 5: Select the you want to allocate to your VM hardware which is going to install Ubuntu 18.0.4
(Bionic Beaver) and run this OS and the future applications.
By default, it says 25.00 GB of virtual Hard Disk is needed.
It also, shows the total available HDD disk space: In this case, it is 2.00 TB. (It will change depending on
your machine).
Step 6: Summary of the VM hardware is listed.
We have to verify it and click the Finish option.

Now, we have created our VM with the following hardware specification.

1. Virtual Processors: 2 CPUs (logical processors)
2. Virtual RAM (Primay Memory): 2048 MB (i.e. 2GB)
3. Virtual Hard Disk Drive (HDD) space: 25 GB

Next step is, we have to install OS into this Virtual Machine (VM).
Installing the Guest operating system in the VM hardware created (i.e. a shared hardware) in the host
(Here, Windows OS is the used as the host)
Step 1: Open the VM with the configurations.
At present, the VM is in the powered off state.

Step 2: Power on the VM.

Click the start button or select the Normal Start option.

Now, when your system is getting booted, the BIOS in the VM hardware, will try to look for the Boot Disk
in the order Floppy, Optical, Hard Disk.
At present, we don’t have a floppy disk in the physical system and hence, we cannot virtualize it.
Then, Optical disk – It is the place where we have already shown to point to the Ubuntu 18.0.4 (Bionic
Beaver) operation system.
Finally, Hard disk – It is completed empty and has no Boot Disk.
Hence, when we boot the machine, the BIOS software will look for the Boot Disk first in Floppy which will
cannot find. Then, it will try to find it in the Optical Disk (i.e. the CD Drive). It will find the Ubuntu iso
image in that drive. Hence, it has found the Boot Disk.
From there, the installation process will start.
Step 3: select the option try or install ubuntu

Step 4: select the option try or install ubuntu

Select the Install Ubuntu option.
Note:
Try Ubuntu option is for using the Ubuntu OS and not installing it in the harddisk.
Select English (US)

Select Normal installation option

Select the “Keep the Download updates while installing Ubuntu” option.
Click Continue.

Select the “Erase disk and install Ubuntu” Option.

Then, click install Now.
Then, for the partitioning tables features, click Continue.
Select the location as Chennai.
Then, click continue.

Give the User datails (your details)

And, click continue.
This process will install the Ubuntu in your system.
Finally, once the os is installed. We have to restart the Virtual Machine (i.e. the system).
Click the Restart Now option.
Now, our system will boot from the harddisk which has the OS installed in it.
Select the user using the mouse. Then, type your password. Then, press enter.
You can see your Ubuntu 18.0.4 (Bionic Beaver OS) desktop screen.

Completed.
Now, you can install a C compiler and run your C program.
You can install java to develop and run your applications.

Result:
Thus a type II hypersivor has been installed in the host successfully and the Ubuntu 18.0.4 OS is running
successfully in the host.
EX.NO:02 Create type 2 virtualization on ESXI 6.5 server
DATE:

AIM:
To install VMWare ESXi 6.5 hypervisor on top of a type 2 hypervisor called VMWare Workstation
Pro 7 which is running on a Windows 11 host. Then, to access this ESXi 6.5 hypervisor remotely from a web
browser.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Download and install the VMWare Workstation Pro 7 which is a type II hypervisor.

Step 2: Download the type I hypervisor VMWare ESXi hypervisor from the Internet archives.

Step 3: Open the VMWare Workstation Pro 7 hypervisor and create a virtual machine with the ESXi hypervisor
as the boot ISO.

Step 4: Restart the Virtual Machine and install ESXi hypervisor (with a username and a password) as a guest
OS in the VMWare Workstation Pro 7.

Step 5: After installation, restart the ESXi hypervisor and log in to it.

Step 6: Access the ESXi hypervisor from command prompt using the url shows the ESXi hypervisor
homepage.

Step 7: Access the ESXi hypervisor from the web browser using the url shows the ESXi hypervisor homepage.

Step 8: Shut down the ESXi hypervisor.

 Download the ESXi 6.5 server, installing it and running the hypervisor in the Windows host

Step 1:

Download the VMWare ESXi 6.5 server from this archive downloads.

https://archive.org/details/esxi-6.5.2-8294253-nec-6.5.2-01

To download, click the ISO image option.

(It is not able to be downloaded from the Broadcom website who is the official provider of VMWare ESXi
downloads).

Step 2: Open VMWare workstation application from the desktop or from the start menu to create a new VM.

Step 3: Create a new Virtual Machine.

Step 4: Select the ISO Image of the guest OS

(a) Here, ESXi 6.5 hypervisor is going to be installed as the guest OS.

(b) So, browse the file explorer to point to the ESXi 6.0 file.
(c) Write the Virtual machine name.

Default name suggested is: VMware ESXi 6.x

Click Next to proceed.

(d) Specify the disk capacity.

The default capacity is 40.0 GB needed for the installation and use of ESXi hypervisor.

Click Next to proceed.

 (e) Verify the settings of the Virtual Machine to be created and the guest OS will be installed soon.

Click Finish then.

We will get this screen.

In this case, press enter to continue.

Step 5:

Installing the ESXi on the machine.

Step 1:

In this Virtual Machine, Click on the option ‘Power on this virtual machine’.

Then, the hypervisor gets installed in the VM harddisk.

 Now, Press F11

Press Enter now.

Then, enter your username and password.

Then, press F11 to continue.

The VMWare ESXi is getting installed now.
This is the ESXi hypervisor screen.

Now, the VMWare ESXi hypervisor is available at the IP address:

192.168.159.128

Access this hypervisor from command prompt:

(i) Open command prompt

(ii) Type the following command

Ping 192.168.159.128
 (iii) You will get reply from the ESXi hypervisor if it is running.

Access this hypervisor from web browser:

(i) Open the browser (I have opened Microsoft Edge browser in my system)

(ii) Type the url: https://192.168.159.128/ui/#/login

or https://192.168.159.128/

we get the VMWare ESXi login as follows:

(iii) Enter the username and the password to login to the system
In my system, it is:
Username: [email protected]
Password: Aam@cueur78

(iv) Now, we have logged into the server from the web browser as follows:
Note:

To create a VM in using this hypervisor, we can create it by clicking the ‘Create/Register VM’ in the menu.

Result:

Thus the type I ESXi hypervisor has been installed on top of the type II hypervisor VMWare
Workstation Pro 7 which has been running on top of the Windows 11 host.
EX.NO:03 Install KVM in Linux
DATE:

AIM:
To write the step by step procedure to install the KVM as a Type II hypervisor

in the Linux Operating system.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Open Oracle VM Virtual Box.

Step 2: In the VM in which we have already installed Ubuntu 18.0.4, enable the

processor’s configuration Nested VT-x/AMD-V in the system settings.

Step 4: Now, power on that VM with Ubuntu OS.

Step 5: Login to the Ubuntu 18.0.4 OS with the corresponding username and

the password.

Step 6: Check whether the CPU cores in the Ubuntu OS support virtualization.

If not supported, stop the process. Else go to next step.

Step 7: From the terminal, install qemu, libvirt-bin, bridge-utils, virtinst, virt-

manager packages.

Step 8: Add the present user under the installation done to the libvirt and kvm

groups.

Step 9: From the terminal, type virt-manager to open the virtual machine

manager (VMM) or from the GUI, type virt-manager in the applications tab to

open the same.

Step 10: The virtual machine manager which provides GUI to the KVM

hypervisor, will get connect to the qemu. If not connected, then error and we

need to check it. If we want, we can install a new guest OS on top of this KVM

as a nested OS.

Step 11: Exit VMM, shutdown the Ubuntu Guest OS and stop the procedure.
Procedure:
KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is an open-source virtualization
technology built into the Linux kernel. It allows you to run multiple isolated
guest virtual machines based on Linux or Windows. Each guest has its own
operating system and dedicated virtual hardware such as CPU(s), memory,
network interfaces and storage.
In this experiment, we are going to use Ubuntu 18.04 (Which is already
installed as a guest OS in the Windows host).
(i) Open VM VirtualBox Manager (in the Windows host)
(ii) In the VM in which we have already installed Ubuntu 18.0.4,
enable the processor’s configuration Nested VT-x/AMD-V in the
system settings.

Note:

If the option Nested VT-x/AMD-V is greyed out, follow the steps below:
1. Inside the path
C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox
Open Command Prompt on Windows and execute the following
command:
$ VBoxManage modifyvm <VirtualMachineName> --nested-hw-virt on
replace the VirtualMachineName with the name of your virtual machine, given
during the time of creation.
Now after stopping any currently running vm, you can check the box for
enabling nested VM option.
(iii) Start the VM with Ubuntu OS installed in it.
(iv) Then, do the following to install KVM in the Ubuntu (linux)
Prerequisites
To be able to run guests with more than 2 GB of RAM, and to host both
32-bit and 64-bit KVM guests, you must have a 64-bit host system.
Before continuing with the installation, make sure your Ubuntu host
machine supports KVM virtualization. The system should have either an Intel
processor with the VT-x (vmx), or an AMD processor with the AMD-V (svm)
technology support.
Enter the following grep command to see if your processor supports hardware
virtualization:

grep -Eoc '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

If your CPU supports hardware virtualization, the command will output a

number greater than zero, which is the number of the CPU cores. Otherwise, if
the output is 0 it means that the CPU doesn’t support hardware virtualization.
On some machines, the virtual technology extensions may be disabled in the
BIOS by the manufacturers.

To check if VT is enabled in the BIOS, use the kvm-ok tool, which is included
in the cpu-checker package. Run the following commands as root or user with
sudo privileges to install the package:
Step 1: sudo apt update
Note:
if you face issues with sudo command execute the following commands
su -
(if prompted for password, give the password if entered, else default password
“changeme” )
usermod -a -G sudo <username>
restart before proceeding
Step 2: sudo apt install cpu-checker
Step 3: kvm-ok
If the processor virtualization capability is not disabled in the BIOS the
command will output:
INFO: /dev/kvm exists
KVM acceleration can be used

if KVM acceleration is not available, follow the below commands

1. In the CMD with admin privileges, execute the following commands
bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype off
2. followed by
DISM /Online /Disable-Feature: Microsoft-Hyper-V
3. Open Windows Security -> Device Security -> Core Isolation and
make sure Memory Integrity is “OFF”

before proceeding restart the system (windows)

Step 4: Installing KVM on Ubuntu

Run the following command to install KVM and additional virtualization
management packages:
(i) sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients
bridge-utils
(ii) sudo apt install virtinst
(iii) sudo apt install virt-manager
Step 5: Once the packages are installed, the libvirt daemon will start
automatically. You can verify it by running:
sudo systemctl is-active libvirtd
output: active
Note:
if the output is inactive, execute the following command
systemctl start libvirtd
Step 6: To be able to create and manage virtual machines, you’ll need to add
your user to the “libvirt” and “kvm” groups. To do that, type in:
(i) sudo usermod -aG libvirt $USER
(ii) sudo usermod -aG kvm $USER
NOTE: restart the virtual machine before proceeding.
$USER is an environment variable that holds the name of the currently logged-
in user. Log out and log back in so that the group membership is refreshed.

Step 7: Network Setup

A bridge device called “virbr0” is created by default during the libvirt
installation process. This device uses NAT to connect the guests’ machines to
the outside world.

Run the brctl tool to list the current bridges and the interfaces they are
connected to:
(i) brctl show
Output:

bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces

virbr0 8000.52540003f59e yes virbr0-nic
Note:
The “virbr0” bridge does not have any physical interfaces added. “virbr0-nic” is
a virtual device with no traffic routed through it. The sole purpose of this device
is to avoid changing the MAC address of the “virbr0” bridge.
This network setup is suitable for most Ubuntu desktop users but has
limitations. If you want to access the guests from outside the local network,
you’ll need to create a new bridge and configure it so that the guest machines
can connect to the outside world through the host physical interface.
Step 8: Creating the Virtual Machines
Now that KVM is installed on your Ubuntu desktop, let’s create the first
VM. This can be done either from the command-line or using the virt-
manager application.
Download the ISO image of the operating system you want to install and follow
the steps below to create your virtual machine:
1. In the Activities search bar type “Virtual Machine Manager” and click on
the icon to launch the application.
2. After the application is started, from the top menu click on “File” ->
“New
Virtual Machine”:3. A new window will appear. Choose “Local install media” and click on
the “Forward” button.
4. Provide your ISO image path and click on the Forward button.
5. In the next screen, choose the VM’s memory and CPU settings. Click
Forward.
6. Next, select “Create a disk image for the virtual machine” and select the
VM’s disk space size. Click Forward.
7. Enter a name for your virtual machine name and click “Finish”.
8. Finally, The VM will boot up, and a new window will open: From here,
you can follow the instructions on the screen to complete the installation
of the operating system.

Result:
Thus, the step by step procedure to install the KVM as a Type II
hypervisor in the Linux Operating system has been successfully done and the
results are verified.
EX.NO:04 Create Nested Virtual Machine(VM under another VM)
DATE:

AIM:
To write the step by step procedure to install Lubuntu VM as a nested guest OS
on top of the KVM hypervisor.
Algorithm:
Step 1: Open Oracle VM Virtual Box.
Step 2: Open the VM in which we have already installed Ubuntu 18.0.4. Now,
power on that VM with Ubuntu OS. Login to the Ubuntu 18.0.4 OS with the
corresponding username and the password.
Step 3: Download lubuntu OS (for the x64 ISA).
Step 4: We have already installed KVM as a type-II hypervisor on this Ubuntu
OS. Open that KVM.
Step 5: Create a VM with the install media path set to the downloaded lubuntu
iso image.
Step 6: Follow the installation procedure to install minimal lubuntu OS
Step 8: Login to the lubuntu OS
Step 9: install gcc compiler
Step 10: Run the hello world C program.
Step 11: Exit VMM, shutdown the Ubuntu Guest OS and stop the procedure.
Procedure:
Step 1: Open the Oracle VM Virtual Box installed on your Windows 11 OS.

Step 2: In the VM in which we have already installed Ubuntu 18.0.4. Now,

power on that VM with Ubuntu OS. Login to the Ubuntu 18.0.4 OS with the
corresponding username and the password.
Step 3: Download lubuntu OS (for the x64 ISA).

Download x86_64 ISA format based .iso file.

Step 4: We have already installed KVM as a type-II hypervisor on this Ubuntu
OS. Open that KVM.

Step 5: In the KVM, Create a VM with the install media path set to the
downloaded lubuntu.iso image.
In the KVM, Click on the File Menu. And, click on the option “New Virtual
Machine”

Click forward and now, you can choose the ISO image path.
It is to be noted that, the present alpine volumes are used by the previous
installation.
Now, to make a fresh installation, click on the option “Browse local” at the
bottom of this window.

Now, locate the ISO image downloaded from the Internet. Double click the
image and then, you will come back to the new VM creation page.

Uncheck the ‘Automatically detect from the installation media / source.

Then, type ‘ubuntu’ in the text box and select ‘Generic Linux 2022’ from the
dropdown list. Finally, click forward to go to the next step.

Allocate 70% memory and 50% CPU resources to the nested OS.

Now, see the harddisk (secondary memory) needed (min 25GB)

Just verify the VM configuration before proceeding to the installation process.

Then, click on the ‘Finish’ option.

The Lubuntu setup process will start as follows.

Select the Install Lubuntu

Select the Language (By Default “American English”) click Next

Select the Location or Continue with the Default options.

Select the keyboard or Continue with the Default options

In the Customize Section, Select the Minimal Installation to make the process
Faster.
Select The Erase Disk Option and Click Next.

Check the Summary and Click Install Now and wait a few minutes to complete
installation.

Once Installation is Complete, click “Restart Now” to boot into the nested OS

Once the nested OS is installed, go to the QTerminal.

We can see that “gcc” has not been installed, so we can install it using the
following command
sudo apt install gcc
While gcc is being installed, we can create a new C program using VIM editor,
type
vim <filename>.c
and press Enter

Right now we cannot write into the editor to enable the input stream, press “I”,
You can notice the bottom left now saying “INSERT”

Once you write the C program, press

ESC followed by typing
:wq
And press Enter.

Once we are out of VIM editor, we can check for the file using ls command and
compile it using
gcc <filename>.c
followed by
./a.out
And we can see the “hello world” printed in the console.

Result:
Thus, the experiment to install the nested VM on top of another VM has
been successfully completed and the results are verified.
EX.NO:05 Create a VLAN using Cisco Packet Tracer
DATE:

AIM:
To write the step by step procedure to install the Cisco Packet Tracer and
to create a Virtual LAN (VLAN) in it.
Algorithm:
Step 1: Open the Cisco Packet Tracer application.
Step 2: Add four PCs with fast Ethernet ports and a 4-port Switch.
Step 3: Create a LAN network with those four systems using the IP Addresses
192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.4, 192.168.1.5 with the subnet mask
255.255.255.0
Step 4: From system 1 with the IP Address 192.168.1.2, ping all other systems.
It has to work.
Step 5: From system 2 with the IP Address 192.168.1.3, ping all other systems.
It will work.
Step 6: Create a new VLAN with the VLAN ID 10.
Step 7: Add the system with the IP Address 192.168.1.2 and the system with
the IP Address 192.168.1.3 to VLAN 10.
Step 8: Create a new VLAN with the VLAN ID 11.
Step 9: Add the system with the IP Address 192.168.1.4 and the system with
the IP Address 192.168.1.5 to VLAN 11.
Step 10: From system 1 with the IP Address 192.168.1.2, ping all other
systems. It will work only for the system (192.168.1.3) which is in the
same VLAN 10.
Procedure:
Step 1:
Open the Cisco Packet Tracer application.
If login is requested, login using the email id.

Step 2: Add four PCs with fast Ethernet ports and a 4-port Switch.
Adding system 1:

Change the system name to PC1 - 192.168.1.2

Step 3: Set the IP Address for this system as below.

Using mouse, single click on the system.
Then, click on the Config tab.

Then, click on the FastEthernet0 option in the left hand side list of options.

Now, set the IP Address as 192.168.1.2

The subnet mask as 255.255.255.0 (Just press tab key – it would be

automatically filled-up)

Similarly, create another PC and set name it as PC2 with IP Address

192.168.1.3 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0

Similarly, create the 3rd PC and set name it as PC3 with the IP Address
192.168.1.4 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0

Similarly, create the 4th PC and set name it as PC4 with the IP Address
192.168.1.5 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Now, we add a switch. To do that,
(i) In the bottom left corner, select the network devices.

(ii) Click the switches option

(iii) Drag a PT-Switch and keep it in the centre of the 4 systems.

(iv) Now, to add a cable from PC1 to the switch, click on the
in the bottom-left panel.

(v) Drag the copper straight-through cable and connect one end to
the PC1 and another end to the FastEthernet Port 0/1 of the
switch.

Select the FastEthernet0 of the PC1

Connect it to the FastEthernet0/1 of the Switch.

(vi) Similarly, connect a cable from Fast Ethernet Port 0 of PC2 to

FastEthernet port 1/1 of the Switch.

(vii) Similarly, connect the PC3 to the FastEthernet Port 2/1 of the
Switch. Also, connect the PC4 to the FastEthernet Port 3/1 of the
Switch.

That is,
Step 4: From system 1 with the IP Address 192.168.1.2, ping all other systems.
It has to work.
(i) First let us ping to system 192.168.1.3
Click on PC1 to open the command prompt.

Now, select and click on the command prompt application.

Now, ping to the system PC2 with IP Address 192.168.1.3. Also, ping
to PC3 with the IP Address 192.168.1.4

Now, ping to the system PC2 with IP Address 192.168.1.5.

Similarly, from the PC2-192.168.1.3, we can ping all the other

systems.
It is possible, since all the 4 systems are in the LAN.

Step 6: Create a new VLAN with the VLAN ID 10.

(i) Click on the switch to open the options window.

(ii) Now, click on CLI (Command Line Interface).

(iii) In the command prompt, enable the switch

(iv) See the present VLANs in the switch (The default VLAN is 1 for all
the ports)
Switch# show VLAN brief

From this figure, we understand that, there are 6 ports in this switch
and all of them are assigned to VLAN id 1.
(v) To create a VLAN, type config and then press enter.

Type VLAN 10 and press enter.

Then, give a name as “SALES” using the command
Switch(config-vlan)#name SALES

Now, exit from the configuration.

Now, display the VLANs in the switch

Now, we can see that, VLAN 10 has been created.

Here, we can see that, by default, all switch ports work at VLAN 1.
But, we want to configure the switch ports 0/1, 1/1 to the VLAN 10

Step 7: Add the system with the IP Address 192.168.1.2 and the system with
the IP Address 192.168.1.3 to VLAN 10.
We know that, system with IP address 192.168.1.2 is connected to the
switch interface FastEthernet 0/1. By default, it is at VLAN 1. Hence, we move
that, interface to the VLAN id 10.
(i) Enter the configuration mode in the switch.

(ii) Type interface FastEthernet port 0/1 in the command line interface
of the switch.
It will allow us to enter into the configuration mode for the interface
fastEthernet Port 0/1

(iii) Set the interface FastEthernet 0/1 to access port using the command
Switchport mode access

(iv) Set that FastEthernet port 0/1 to VLAN 10

(v) Exit from the configuration of interface.

(vi) Now, display the VLANs and their connected interfaces in the switch.
We see that, FastEthernet port Fa0/1 is configured to VLAN 10. Other
ports are in VLAN 1.

Similarly, add the fastEthernet port 1/1 of the switch to the VLAN 10.
This means, PC2 is connected to switch’s fastEthernet port 1/1 and
hence, this PC2 is indirectly present in VLAN 10.

Step 8: Create a new VLAN with the VLAN ID 11.

Step 9: Add the system with the IP Address 192.168.1.4 and the system with
the IP Address 192.168.1.5 to VLAN 11.
Now, as done in Step 7, configure the switch interfaces 2/1, 3/1 to the
VLAN id 11.

Step 10: From system 1 with the IP Address 192.168.1.2, ping all other
systems. It will work only for the system (192.168.1.3) which is in the
same VLAN 10. And, it will not work for the system (192.168.1.4)
which is not in the same VLAN 10. For 192.168.1.5 also, it will not
work.

In the system PC1 – 192.168.1.2, the following commands were executed.

Thus, it means we have created two VLANs with VLAN-id 10 and

VLAN-ID 11. Also, add two systems to each LAN. Now, the communication
between the system in the same VLAN only is possible. Not between the
systems in the two different VLANs.

Result:
Thus, we have created VLANs using the Cisco Packet Tracer and
understood the concept of sharing resources in a VLAN.
EX.NO:06 A Desktop Virtualization using Chrome Remote Desktop
DATE:

AIM:
To write the step by step procedure to do desktop virtualization using the
Chrome Remote Desktop application.

Algorithm to install Google Chrome Desktop:

Step 1: Open the chrome browser in the host computer.
Step 2: navigate to remotedesktop.google.com/access
Step 3: under “Setup Remote Access”, click “Download” and install the Google
Remote Desktop application to your PC 1. Also, download it in the another host
computer PC2.

Algorithm to access PC2 from PC1:

Step 1: Open the Chrome Remote Desktop application in the host computer
PC1
and PC2.
Step 2: In PC2, click on the option, “Share this screen”. It will generate an
access
code.
Step 3: In PC1, type the access code in under “Connect to another computer” to
remotely access the desktop of PC2.
Step 4: In PC2, allow the screen sharing option.
Step 5: In PC1, access the PC2’s desktop and all its application remotely.
Step 6: From PC1, remotely open a word application in the PC2 and type some
contents.
Procedure:
Step 1: Open the Chrome Remote Desktop application in the host computer
PC1
and PC2.

Step 2: In PC2, click on the option, “Share this screen”. It will generate an
access
code.

Step 3: In PC1, type the access code in under “Connect to another computer” to
remotely access the desktop of PC2.
Step 4: In PC2, allow the screen sharing option.
Step 5: In PC1, access the PC2’s desktop and all its application remotely.

Result:
Thus, the experiment to perform desktop virtualization using the chrome
remote desktop application has been successfully completed and the results are
verified.
EX.NO:06 B Desktop Virtualization using VNC application
DATE:

AIM:
To write the step by step procedure to do desktop virtualization using the VNC
application.

Algorithm for VNC Server in PC2:

Setting up the Remote Computer (VNC Server):
Step 1: Install a VNC server: Download RealVNC Server in this system.
Step 2: Configure the VNC server: You'll typically need to set a password to
secure the connection and specify the desired port number.
Step 3: Ensure the server is running: Make sure the VNC server is active and
listening for connections.
Step 4: Open the browser and add the user who wants to connect to this server.
Algorithm for VNC Client in PC1:
(Connecting from the Local Computer (VNC Viewer):
Step 1: Open your gmail and accept the invite from the VNC server. Now,
Download Install the VNC viewer application.
Step 2: Open the VNC viewer, it will show the server’s Name.
Step 3: Double click the server computer (Here, RAMMRITHYUNJAYP) to
connect to that server computer.
Step 4: Enter the password: If the VNC server requires a password, enter it to
establish the connection. Now, you can do all the desktop works in the VNC
server system from here.
Procedure:
For VNC Server in PC2:
Setting up the Remote Computer (VNC Server):
Step 1: Install a VNC server: Download RealVNC Server in this system.

Then, install the VNC server application

Step 2: Configure the VNC server: You'll typically need to set a password to
secure the connection and specify the desired port number.

Step 3: Ensure the server is running: Make sure the VNC server is active and is
listening for connections.
Step 4 Open the browser and add the users to connect to this server using their
email id.

After adding the user, an email is sent to the user.

Algorithm for VNC Client in PC1:

(Connecting from the Local Computer (VNC Viewer):
Step 1: Open your gmail and accept the invite from the VNC server. Now,
Download Install the VNC viewer application.
Step 2: Open the VNC viewer, it will show the server’s Name.

Step 3: Double click the server computer (Here, RAMMRITHYUNJAYP) to

connect to that server computer.

Step 4: Enter the password: If the VNC server requires a password, enter it to
establish the connection.
In our case, we have given 12345678 as password.
Now, the client is connected to the server.
But, if you take screenshot, it is done remotely in the server. You cannot take
screenshot of server system in this client viewer.

But, you can do all the desktop works in the VNC server system from here.

Result:
Thus, the experiment to perform desktop virtualization using the RealVNc application has been
successfully completed and the results are verified.For VNC Server in PC2:
Setting up the Remote Computer (VNC Server):
Step 1: Install a VNC server: Download RealVNC Server in this system.
Then, install the VNC server application
Step 2: Configure the VNC server: You'll typically need to set a password to
secure the connection and specify the desired port number.
Step 3: Ensure the server is running: Make sure the VNC server is active and is
listening for connections.
Step 4 Open the browser and add the users to connect to this server using their
email id.
After adding the user, an email is sent to the user.
Algorithm for VNC Client in PC1:
(Connecting from the Local Computer (VNC Viewer):
Step 1: Open your gmail and accept the invite from the VNC server. Now,
Download Install the VNC viewer application.

Step 2: Open the VNC viewer, it will show the server’s Name.

Step 3: Double click the server computer (Here, RAMMRITHYUNJAYP) to

connect to that server computer.

Step 4: Enter the password: If the VNC server requires a password, enter it to
establish the connection.
In our case, we have given 12345678 as password.

Now, the client is connected to the server.

But, if you take screenshot, it is done remotely in the server. You cannot take
screenshot of server system in this client viewer.

But, you can do all the desktop works in the VNC server system from here.

Result:
Thus, the experiment to perform desktop virtualization using the RealVNc application has been successfully
completed and the results are
verified.
EX.NO:7A Shrink and Extend Virtual Disk
DATE:

Aim:
To find the procedure of Shrink a virtual disk involves reducing its size to reclaim
unused space and extend a virtual disk allows you to increase its size to accommodate more
data.
Procedure:
Shrink a Virtual Disk:
Step1: Inside the virtual machine, delete unnecessary files and empty the recycle bin/trash to
free up space.
Step 2: Defragment the virtual machine's disk to move all the data to the beginning of the
disk.
Step 3: Shutdown the virtual machine.
Step 4: On the host system, open the virtualization software
Step 5: Navigate to the virtual machine's settings or configuration.
Step 6: Select the virtual disk you want to shrink.
Step 7: Look for an option to shrink or compact the disk and follow the prompts.
Step 8: The process might take some time, and it's essential to back up your virtual machine
before proceeding, as data loss can occur in some cases.
Extend Virtual Disk:
Step 1: Shutdown the virtual machine.
Step 2: On the host system, open the virtualization software (e.g., VMware, VirtualBox).
Step 3: Navigate to the virtual machine's settings or configuration.
Step 4: Select the virtual disk you want to extend.

Step 5: Look for an option to increase or extend the disk and follow the prompts.
Step 6: Specify the new size for the virtual disk (make sure to allocate enough space for your
needs).
Step 7: The process might take some time, and it's crucial to back up your virtual machine
before proceeding, as extending the disk involves modifying the underlying file system.
Output:
,
Result:
Thus, the shrink and extend of virtual disk has been created and run
Successfully.
EX.NO:7B Create, Manage, Configure and schedule snapshots
DATE:

Aim
To find the procedure of Creating, managing, configuring, and scheduling snapshots is
a fundamental part of virtual machine management.
Procedure:
Step 1: Creating a Snapshot: To create a snapshot, follow these steps:
a. Select the virtual machine in the management interface (e.g., vSphere Client).
b. Right-click on the virtual machine and choose "Snapshot" or "Take Snapshot."
c. Provide a name and description for the snapshot.
d. Optionally, select the memory state to capture the virtual machine's running state
(requires the virtual machine to be powered off).
e. Click "OK" to create the snapshot.
Step 2: Managing Snapshots: Managing snapshots involves tasks such as viewing, reverting,
deleting, and consolidating snapshots.
a. Viewing Snapshots: To see the list of snapshots for a virtual machine, navigate to the
"Snapshots" tab in the virtual machine's details.
b. Reverting to a Snapshot: To revert a virtual machine to a specific snapshot, right-click
on the snapshot and choose "Revert to Snapshot." This action will roll back the virtual machine
to the state captured in the selected snapshot.
c. Deleting Snapshots: To delete a snapshot, right-click on the snapshot and choose
"Delete Snapshot." You can choose to delete the snapshot only or delete the snapshot and
consolidate its changes into the base virtual machine disk.
d. Consolidating Snapshots: If you have multiple snapshots, you can perform a
"Snapshot Consolidation" to merge all snapshots into the base disk. This helps to reduce
storage requirements and improves performance.
Step 3: Configuring Snapshot Settings: The snapshot settings allow you to define how
snapshots are managed and stored.
a. Snapshot Location: Configure the location where snapshot files are stored, which can
be on the same data store as the virtual machine or on a different storage location.
b. Snapshot Quiescent: Enable or disable the use of VMware Tools to quiesce the file
system inside the virtual machine before taking a snapshot. This helps ensure application
consistency during the snapshot.
Output:
Result:
Thus, the experiment to perform Create, Manage, Configure and schedule snapshots are
completed and the results are Verified.