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Collection Highlights

Metaheuristic Algorithms for Image Segmentation Theory and

Applications Diego Oliva

Applications of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in

Engineering SIGMA 2018 Volume 1 Hasmat Malik

Applications of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in

Engineering SIGMA 2018 Volume 2 Hasmat Malik

AI and Machine Learning Paradigms for Health Monitoring

System: Intelligent Data Analytics Hasmat Malik
Applications of Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms in
Civil Engineering 1st Edition A. Kaveh (Auth.)

Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms and

Metaheuristics: Applications in Engineering 1st Edition
Kaushik Kumar

Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization

Arnaud Liefooghe

Evolutionary Computation in Scheduling Amir H Gandomi

Nature-inspired Computation and Swarm Intelligence:

Algorithms, Theory and Applications 1st Edition Xin-She
Yang (Editor)
Studies in Computational Intelligence 916

Hasmat Malik · Atif Iqbal ·

Puneet Joshi · Sanjay Agrawal ·
Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh Editors

Metaheuristic
and Evolutionary
Computation:
Algorithms and
Applications
Studies in Computational Intelligence

Volume 916

Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
The series “Studies in Computational Intelligence” (SCI) publishes new develop-
ments and advances in the various areas of computational intelligence—quickly and
with a high quality. The intent is to cover the theory, applications, and design
methods of computational intelligence, as embedded in the fields of engineering,
computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as the methodologies behind
them. The series contains monographs, lecture notes and edited volumes in
computational intelligence spanning the areas of neural networks, connectionist
systems, genetic algorithms, evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence,
cellular automata, self-organizing systems, soft computing, fuzzy systems, and
hybrid intelligent systems. Of particular value to both the contributors and the
readership are the short publication timeframe and the world-wide distribution,
which enable both wide and rapid dissemination of research output.
The books of this series are submitted to indexing to Web of Science,
EI-Compendex, DBLP, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Springerlink.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7092

Hasmat Malik Atif Iqbal Puneet Joshi
• • •

Sanjay Agrawal Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh

•

Editors

Metaheuristic
and Evolutionary
Computation: Algorithms
and Applications

123
Editors
Hasmat Malik Atif Iqbal
ICE Division Department of Electrical Engineering
NSUT Qatar University
New Delhi, Delhi, India Doha, Qatar

Puneet Joshi Sanjay Agrawal

Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Rajkiya Engineering College Rajkiya Engineering College
Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh

Department of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

ISSN 1860-949X ISSN 1860-9503 (electronic)

Studies in Computational Intelligence
ISBN 978-981-15-7570-9 ISBN 978-981-15-7571-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7571-6

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
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Singapore
Preface

Artificial intelligence is the emulation of human intelligence such as decision

making and problem solving in machines to mimic the human actions. Training of
AI-based machine is conducted using machine learning algorithms that may include
metaheuristic and evolutionary computations. Metaheuristics is an advanced algo-
rithm to solve optimization problems especially with incomplete or imperfect data
information. Metaheuristics is generally employed in large datasets which are
random in nature. However, metaheuristics does not guarantee a global optimal
solution in some problems. In large dataset, generally metaheuristics offers optimal
solution using less computational effort when compared with other optimization
algorithms and iterative methods. Metaheuristic algorithms are, in general,
approximate and usually non-deterministic method and are not problem specific.
The evolutionary computation method is a family of computational optimization
algorithm for obtaining global optimization solution inspired by biological evolu-
tion. This is subfield of artificial intelligence and soft computing methods. These are
a family of population-based trial-and-error problem solvers with a metaheuristic or
stochastic optimization character. Evolutionary computation algorithms yield
highly optimized solutions in a wide range of problem settings, making them highly
popular in many fields of studies such as electrical engineering and computer
science.
In past few decades, research in the metaheuristic and evolutionary domain has
grown rapidly. Numerous literature have been published on popular approaches like
genetic algorithms, memetic algorithms, simulated annealing, Tabu search, evolu-
tionary algorithms, ant colony algorithms, particle swarm optimization, cuckoo
search, etc. This book is a collection of these approaches in a single volume.
Unlike deterministic methods initiating with one solution, the metaheuristic
methods instigate with several feasible solutions (both for single- and
multi-objective optimization problems) distributed randomly over the entire search
space. These methods are also highly preferred for solving multi-objective opti-
mization problems where more than one conflicting objective functions are
involved. The method is expected to converge to a single optimum solution com-
monly referred to as global solution in literature for single-objective optimization

v
vi Preface

problems and a set of solutions forming a Pareto optimal front for multi-objective
optimization problems. The metaheuristic approach employed should congregate to
the true Pareto front with high diversification in the solution set on the Pareto front.
The choice for an apt approach for a given problem depends on several factors
like the number and type of decision variables (continuous, discontinuous) and the
nature of decision variable space; type of objective functions (minimization,
maximization) and nature of objective space; nonlinearity and stiffness of model
equations; type of constraints (equality and inequality); an ability of algorithm to
handle the search spaces of objectives and decision variables.
Metaheuristic approaches are classified into several categories based on the
availability of data, values of variables, constraints involved, number of objective
functions, online/offline, etc. Yet some common features clearly appear in most
metaheuristics, such as the use of exploration (diversification) and exploitation
(intensification). Exploration is the ability of an approach to investigate all
promising regions of the solution space, whereas exploitation is the capability of
improving the solution. Two being the cornerstones for a problem, initially,
exploration is rigorous and in later epochs exploitation is more emphasized.
Another similarity is the memory usage for archiving the best solutions over the
iterations. One common shortcoming of most metaheuristics is the delicate tuning
of numerous parameters; the theoretical results available are not adequate to help
the user facing a new, difficult optimization problem.
The goal of this book is to collect state-of-the-art contributions that discuss
recent developments in a metaheuristic or highlight some general ideas that proved
effective in adapting a metaheuristic to a specific problem. Some chapters are
overview-oriented, while others describe recent advances in one method or its
adaptation to a real-world application. It also covers the philosophy, design
approach and applications of evolutionary algorithms, as embedded in the fields of
engineering and technology.
This book comprised of 34 different chapters divided in two main parts covering
almost the entire domain of metaheuristic and evolutionary computational algo-
rithms applied to various fields of engineering and technology.
• Theory and Applications of Metaheurestic Algorithms in Engineering and
Systems
• Single and Multi Objective Optimization Studies of Metaheurestic Algorithms
in Engineering and Systems
The first part reviews the application of optimization algorithms in various
domains of engineering in several chapters. well-regarded and recent evolutionary
algorithms and optimization techniques. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of
each algorithm are performed to understand the behavior and investigate their
potentials to be used in conjunction with artificial neural networks.
The second part presents the application of optimization algorithms in various
domains of engineering in several chapters. Some popular optimization problems
like the economic load dispatch, demand-side management, generator maintenance
scheduling, tackling power quality issues, etc., are covered in this section. Most
Preface vii

of the challenges that must be addressed when developing these evolutionary

algorithms are discussed in detail. In addition, the book demonstrates the possible
applications of these metaheuristic algorithms in several fields like that of renew-
able energy, smart grid and power electronics.
Chapter “Introduction: Optimization and Metaheuristics Algorithms” provides a
mathematical outlook to the optimization problem, some related postulates and
definitions. In this chapter, a general overview from the era of Fermat and Lagrange
who introduced calculus-based formulae to identify optima is given. Foundation of
optimization problems, a brief introduction to the underlying nature of optimization
and the common approaches to optimization problems, random number generation,
the Monte Carlo method and the Markov chain Monte Carlo method are presented.
This chapter introduces all the major metaheuristic algorithms and a wide range of
applications that use metaheuristic algorithms to solve challenging optimization
problems while also introducing various modifications used for multi-objective
optimization.
Chapters “Metaheuristics Paradigms for Renewable Energy Systems: Advances
in Optimization Algorithms” and “Applications of Metaheuristics in Renewable
Energy Systems” mainly deal with basic and important metaheuristics optimization
techniques used for renewable energy resources. Metaheuristic optimization
approaches like particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, Tabu search,
simulation annealing, genetic algorithm, artificial bee colony, ant colony opti-
mization, cuckoo search and biogeography-based optimization are discussed as
applicable to renewable energy resources.
In chapter “Tackling Power Quality Issues Using Metaheuristics,” various
applications of metaheuristics in design of filters, FACTs controllers, static com-
pensators and other power quality controllers have been exhaustively discussed.
The merits and demerits of evolutionary algorithms (EA) over classical methods
used in power quality improvement are presented and elaborated. The detailed
comparative analysis of various EAs and metaheuristics used in various power
quality applications is presented. Application of metaheuristics in harmonic elim-
ination is shown in simulation results. The contribution of metaheuristics in tackling
power quality issues is also well discussed in this chapter.
Chapter “Metaheuristic Application in Suppression of Noise” is dedicated to the
application of metaheuristics in noise cancelation in voice processing. The main
challenge in reducing the background noise from speech signal is to achieve noise
suppression techniques suitable in enhancing the quality of signal except reduction
in the intelligibility of signal. This involves a trade-off between speech distortion
and noise reduction. Metaheuristics is a powerful tool in dealing with this issue that
is elaborated in this chapter.
In chapter “A Review on Genetic Algorithm and Its Application in Power
system Engineering”, basic concepts and functionality of genetic algorithm
(GA) are discussed along with its application in economic load dispatch, unit
commitment problem, distributed generation and load forecasting of power system.
A review work has been done to understand the usefulness of genetic algorithm in
above-mentioned domains. The future scope of GA is also highlighted.
viii Preface

The early modifications to the original form of the algorithm and alteration in the
equation are discussed along with the different types of PSO(s) and their hybrids in
chapter “Different Variants of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms and Its
Application: A Review”. Also, the chapter gives an insight into various applications
of the PSO and some of the application-specified hybrid (or modified) PSO tech-
niques. Based on the state of the art, discussion on performance comparison of the
hybrid (or modified) PSO is also presented in this chapter.
In chapter “Applications of Metaheuristics in Power Electronics”, EAs and
metaheuristics proposed for the various power conversion applications such as
FACTs controllers and devices, power filters, multilevel inverters, DC-DC con-
verters, and PWM converters have been discussed. The merits and demerits of
metaheuristics over conventional optimization methods are discussed. The detailed
comparative analysis of various metaheuristics in power electronics systems is
presented. The future perspectives of metaheuristics and EAs in power electronics
are also discussed in this study.
Chapter “Cuckoo Search Algorithm: A Review of Recent Variants and
Engineering Applications” introduces with the mathematical concept of CS algo-
rithm and summarizes different research articles where the algorithm has been
explored in the field of engineering. Furthermore, the resent version of CS algo-
rithm is addressed which mainly focuses on modified and hybrid versions. The
novelty of this chapter is that it presents current trending research aspects of CS
algorithm in the fields of engineering, machine and deep learning.
Chapter “Energy Management System for Hybrid Energy System: Renewable
Integration, Modeling and Optimization, Control Aspects and Conceptual
Framework” presented a detailed study of different optimization techniques
which can be applied to the renewable energy resources including the multi-agent
solution as well as the artificial intelligence and micro-grid controller which can
offer a clear vision for the researchers in this field. Certain recommendations
considering the challenges in renewable energy (RE) development are also been
provided. In the proposed framework, the smart grid is optimized by the use of
different optimization methods.
A general review and applications of different metaheuristic methods are dis-
cussed in chapter “Recent Advances and Application of Metaheuristic Algorithms:
A Survey (2014–2020)”.
Chapter “Introduction to Renewable Energy Market and Metaheuristic
Algorithms for Condition Monitoring of Photovoltaic Parameter Estimation”
summarizes the availability, existing status, key achievement and future potential of
renewable energy, tradable REC certificates and their consequences on the aspects
of promoting renewable energy using metaheuristics approach. It attempts to review
a variety of plans and assesses commenced by administration of India for
encouraging of renewable energy, the current policy mechanisms.
In chapter “Data-Driven Occupancy Detection Hybrid Model Using Particle
Swarm Optimization Based Artificial Neural Network”, the occupancy in smart
building is determined by using simple measureable parameters of the inside
environment of the building such as light (in lux), temperature (in Celsius), relative
Preface ix

humidity (in %), CO2 level (in ppm) and humidity ratio (in kg-water-vapor/kg-air).
The data-driven occupancy detection using particle swarm optimization (PSO)-
based artificial neural network (ANN) is designed in R language, and the proposed
approach is validated with different 17 models by using the measured dataset.
Chapter “A Maiden Application of Competitive Swarm Optimizer for Solution
of Economic Load Dispatch with Parameter Estimation” presents a novel appli-
cation of newly developed competitive swarm optimizer (CSO) in solving a non-
linear, non-convex and constrained economic load dispatch (ELD) problem of
power systems. A comparative analysis is performed between particle swarm
optimization (PSO) and CSO and reported.
Chapter “Optimal Controller Parameter Tuning of PSS Using Sine-Cosine
Algorithm” proposes an optimal parameter tuning of power system stabilizer and
STATCOM using metaheuristic algorithms for the stability enhancement. The
coordination among the damping devices has been achieved by a stochastic
population-based sine cosine algorithm (SCA). The suggested algorithm has been
compared with the most popular population-based optimization methods in recent
time in the field of the solving engineering problems.
In chapter “Application of Multi-objective Hybrid DE-PSO Optimization
Technique for Network Congestion Management Through Distributed Energy
Storage System”, solar PV along with energy storage system (ESS) is utilized as
distributed energy storage system (DESS). ESS along with DG is used to store
surplus energy during off-load period which will be utilized at peak load, thereby
enhancing the overall efficiency of the system. Real 24 hours’ solar irradiance and
temperature data of Delhi, India, are taken to mathematically model the power
generated from solar PV. Congestion management is a methodology that helps us to
resolve the issues prevailing in the network owing to restriction in path of power
flow through transmission lines having certain power flow limits. Management of
power flow congestion in huge electric power system remains a challenging and
tough task which can be achieved by introducing distributed energy storage system
(DESS) in the congested line and is considered in this chapter. Chapter
“Transmission Congestion Management Using Multi Objective Hybrid Flower
Pollination and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm by Optimal Placement of
TCSC” is also devoted to the transmission line congestion problem. In this chapter,
transmission congestion cost (TCC) has been used for determining best location of
TCSC, while flower pollination and particle swarm optimization hybrid optimiza-
tion have been used for optimal sizing of the device.
Chapter “Optimization Solutions Using Particle Swarm Optimization in Power
Systems” presents a concept of swarm algorithms, which can be applied in energy
systems. This includes the group of renewable energy sources controlled by a
superior control system that forces proper generator operation according to existing
conditions. Research has been presented on the impact of selected renewable energy
sources on the power system.
Chapter “Switching Angles Computations Using PSO in Selective Harmonics
Minimization PWM” illustrates the application of PSO in computing the switching
angles for selective harmonic elimination used for modulation of voltage source
x Preface

inverters. The main challenge in implementation of selective harmonics mini-

mization is in solving of these systems of highly nonlinear equations which exhibit
multiple solutions, unique solution and no solution. The particle swarm optimiza-
tion technique can be used to obtain switching angles from the system of highly
nonlinear equations by properly formulating an objective function which needs to
be minimized.
Web page positioning problem (WPP) is about deciding the best locations of the
Web pages in the hyperlink graph structure of the Web site. Ant colony opti-
mization (ACO) is among the prominent algorithms to solve the optimization
problems. In this regard, chapter “ACO with Heuristic Desirability for Web Page
Positioning Problem” aims to solve the Web page positioning problem by formu-
lating it as quadratic assignment problem (QAP).
Chapter “Generating Functions of (p, q)-Analogue of I-Function Satisfying
Truesdell’s Ascending and Descending Fpq-Equation” describes the use of meta-
heuristic in a pure mathematical function. A few identities for Gamma function as
well as generating functions which satisfy ascending and descending Fpq-condition
is illustrated. Different types of I-function are determined fulfilling ascending and
descending Fpq-equation. By applying the various structures, some generating
functions of I-function are obtained. Specific instances of the outcomes which
seem, by all accounts, to be new have likewise been acquired.
In chapter “Traffic Signal Control to Optimize Run Time for Energy Saving: A
Smart City Paradigm”, traffic signal control is elaborated. First, the default traffic
light controlling strategy was simulated; the tripe time of each vehicle has been
recorded. It provides comprehensive study of the results attained with a reconfig-
ured traffic light controlling strategy on the open source traffic simulator SUMO
(Simulation of Urban Mobility) by revamping its predefined static routes during the
runtime of simulation.
In chapter “Analysis of Lead–Acid and Lithium–Ion Batteries as Energy
Storage Technologies for the Grid-Connected Microgrid Using Dispatch Control
Algorithm”, a feasibility and comparative performance analysis of lead acid and
Li–ion-based energy storage systems for grid-connected microgrid is carried out
using NREL, SAM simulation tool. Grid-connected microgrid consists of the solar
photovoltaic (SPV) as the primary power generator. A detailed comparison of two
types of energy storage system is discussed.
Chapter “Novel Application of Grid Search Algorithm for Optimization of
Photovoltaic-Wind-Diesel Hybrid Systems With and Without Tracking Systems for
Power Generation” aims to study first time the techno-economic feasibility analysis
of photovoltaic (PV)-wind (W)-diesel (D), PV-D, PV-W, W-D, PV and W only
with and without tracking systems for mountainous region of Sikkim in India using
grid search method.
In chapter “Comparison of Metaheuristic with Evolutionary and Local Search
Methods for Feature Selection”, the authors have conducted an exhaustive com-
parison among the search methods where a collection of nine meta-heuristic search
methods (ant search, bat search, bee search, cuckoo search, elephant search, firefly
search, flower search, harmony search, wolf search) is compared with three local
Preface xi

search and four evolutionary search methods. These search methods are validated
against two open-source datasets belonging to different domains (allow to provide
stronger and reliable conclusion), viz. Pima Indians Diabetes dataset and hepato-
cellular carcinoma dataset found in UCI machine learning repository.
Health monitoring is considered as a gigantic problem in emerging nations,
particularly in inaccessible region. The development in radio telecommunication
has upgraded the smart hospital in voluminous aspects. One of the visions of 5G
communication systems is to deliver a dependable, protected and fast radio at
anyplace and anytime for the forthcoming smart health care. In chapter “Low
Computational Artificial Intelligence Genetic Algorithm Assisted SLM PAPR
Reduction Technique for Upcoming 5G Based Smart Hospital”, the focus is to
introduce a novel PAPR reduction technique, which is one of the necessities of
5G-based smart hospital. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based genetic algorithm
(GA) supported selective mapping sequence (SLM), known as GA-SLM is sug-
gested to diminish the PAPR of the NOMA system.
Input voltage control scheme (IVCS) and slip power control scheme (SPCS) are
used for performance optimization of grid-connected induction generator (GIG),
this is discussed in chapter “Input Voltage and Slip Power Control Schemes Based
Performance Optimization of Grid-Connected Induction Generator”. The compar-
ison between the performance optimization of GIG using IVCS and GIG using
SPCS has been presented.
Chapter “A Computational Intelligence Approach for Power Quality Monitoring”
sites some of those problems and some remedies to the power quality issues by
monitoring power quality by using wavelet transform and stockwell transform
(s-transform) and a firm comparison that distinguishes the advantages and disad-
vantages of using both LABVIEW and MATLAB software.
Application of AI technique for sale prediction is discussed in chapter “Diagonal
Recurrent Neural Network Based Prediction Model For Sales Forecasting”. This
chapter describes the novel application of diagonal recurrent neural network
(DRNN) for solving the sales forecasting problem.
Predicting depth is crucial to understand the 3D geometry of a scene. While, “for
stereo images, local correspondence suffices for estimation, finding depth from a
single image is less straightforward, requiring integration of both global and local
information”. In chapter “Depth Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Network
with Transfer Learning”, depth estimation using convolutional neural network
(CNN) using transfer learning as a baseline is presented.
Chapter “Novel Application of Linear Scaling to Improve Accuracy of
Optimized Artificial Neural Network Using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm in
Prediction of Daily Nitrogen Oxide for Health Management” examines application
of linear scaling for improving the developed model ANN-1 and ANN-2 prediction
accuracy using artificial neural network. Normalized values of different input and
output variable such as ambient temperature, rack temperature, toluene, xylene and
nitrogen oxide are used for ANN-1 model. The ANN-2 model utilizes scaled
stochastic as input and air pollutants as output variables.
xii Preface

In chapter “Metaheurestic Algorithm Based Hybrid Model for Identification of

Building Sale Prices”, a metaheuristic algorithm-based hybrid model for identifi-
cation of building’s sales prices is presented, which is developed by using con-
ventional feedforward neural network (FNN).
The multi-objective non-convex combined heat & power (CHP) scheduling
problem of the systems is dealt in chapter “Comparative Analysis of Optimal
Scheduling of Multi-objective Non-convex Combined Heat and Power Units Using
AI Techniques” which is a complex and arduous problem.
The main objective in chapter “Optimization Solutions for Demand Side
Management” is to analyze the load shifting as one of the demand-side management
(DSM) technique to reduce the peak loads, energy bills and peak-to-average ratio
(PAR). The movable items are shifted by vigorous involvement of clients in
response to tariff of residential customers. DSM with load shifting technique and
RES like wind are considered for investigations.
Due to the simplicity of the metaheuristic methods and flexibility, readers from
any field of study can employ them for optimization problems. The book shall serve
as viable source on how to design, adapt and evaluate the algorithms, which would
be beneficial for the readers interested in learning and developing metaheuristic
algorithms. The book will find adaptability among researchers and practicing
engineers alike. This single volume encompasses wide range of subject area with
fundamental to advanced level information.
We thank all the contributors of this book for their valuable effort in producing
high-class literature for research community. We are sincerely thankful to the
Intelligent Prognostic Private Limited India, to provide the all types of technical and
non-technical facilities, cooperation and support in each stage to make this book in
reality.
We wish to thank our colleagues and friends for their insight and helpful dis-
cussion during the production of this edited book. We would like to highlight the
contribution of Prof. Haitham Abu-Rub, Texas A&M University, Qatar; Prof.
Sukumar Mishra, IIT Delhi, India; Prof. Imtiaz Ashraf, Aligarh Muslim University,
India; Prof. M. S. Jamil Asghar, Aligarh Muslim University, India; Prof. Salman
Hameed, Aligarh Muslim University, India; Prof. A. H. Bhat, NIT Srinagar, India;
Prof. Kouzou Abdellah, Djelfa University, Algeria; Prof. Jaroslaw Guzinski,
Gdansk University of Technology; Prof. Akhtar Kalam, Victoria University of
Technology, Australia; Prof. Mairaj Ud Din Mufti, NIT Srinagar, India; Prof. YR
Sood, NIT Hamirpur (HP), India; Prof. A. P. Mittal, NSUT Delhi, India; Prof R.
K Jarial, NIT Hamirpur (HP), India; Prof. Rajesh Kumar, GGSIPU, India; Prof.
Anand Parey, IIT Indore, India; Dr. Jafar A. Alzubi, Al-Balqa Applied University,
Jordan; and Dr. D. K. Khatod, IIT Roorkee, India.
We further would like to express our love and affection to our family members,
Shadma (wife of Prof. Atif Iqbal), Abuzar, Abubaker (Sons of Prof. Atif Iqbal) and
Noorin (daughter of Prof. Atif Iqbal). We would like to express our gratitude to
Dr. N. Fatema (wife of Dr. Hasmat Malik), Zainub Fatema and Ayesha Fatema
Preface xiii

(daughters of Dr. Hasmat Malik) for their intense feeling of deep affection.
Furthermore, we would like to express our deep gratitude to Ayeesha Parveen (wife
of Dr. Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh), Azaan Ilahi and Adeel Ilahi (sons of Dr. Farhad Ilahi
Bakhsh).

Woodlands, Singapore/New Delhi, India Dr. Hasmat Malik

Doha, Qatar Prof. Dr. Atif Iqbal
Ambedkar Nagar, India Dr. Puneet Joshi
Ambedkar Nagar, India Dr. Sanjay Agrawal
Srinagar, India Dr. Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh
Contents

Theory and Applications of Metaheurestic Algorithms in Engineering

and Systems
Introduction: Optimization and Metaheuristics Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . 3
Padam Singh and Sushil Kumar Choudhary
Metaheuristics Paradigms for Renewable Energy Systems:
Advances in Optimization Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Ahmad Faiz Minai and Hasmat Malik
Tackling Power Quality Issues Using Metaheuristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Peeyush Kala, Puneet Joshi, Medha Joshi, Sanjay Agarwal,
and Lokesh K. Yadav
Meta-Heuristic Application in Suppression of Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Rohun Nisa and Asifa Baba
A Review on Genetic Algorithm and Its Application in Power System
Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Vimal Singh Bisht, Navneet Joshi, Govind Singh Jethi,
and Abhijit Singh Bhakuni
Different Variants of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms
and Its Application: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Ayush Mittal, Amruta Pattnaik, and Anuradha Tomar
Applications of Metaheuristics in Power Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Peeyush Kala, Puneet Joshi, Medha Joshi, Sanjay Agarwal,
and Lokesh K. Yadav
Cuckoo Search Algorithm: A Review of Recent Variants
and Engineering Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Abhinav Sharma, Abhishek Sharma, Vinay Chowdary, Aayush Srivastava,
and Puneet Joshi

xv
xvi Contents

Energy Management System for Hybrid Energy System:

Renewable Integration, Modeling and Optimization, Control Aspects
and Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Geeta Kumari, Akanksha Sharma, H. P. Singh, R. K. Viral, S. K. Sinha,
and Naqui Anwer
Recent Advances and Application of Metaheuristic Algorithms:
A Survey (2014–2020) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Neha Khanduja and Bharat Bhushan
Introduction to Renewable Energy Market and Metaheuristic
Algorithms for Condition Monitoring of Photovoltaic Parameter
Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Pradeep Kumar

Single and Multi Objective Optimization Studies of Metaheurestic

Algorithms in Engineering and Systems
Applications of Meta-heuristics in Renewable Energy Systems . . . . . . . 253
Manoj Kumawat, Nitin Gupta, Naveen Jain, Vivek Shrivastava,
and Gulshan Sharma
Data-Driven Occupancy Detection Hybrid Model Using Particle
Swarm Optimization Based Artificial Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Nuzhat Fatema and Hasmat Malik
A Maiden Application of Competitive Swarm Optimizer for Solution
of Economic Load Dispatch with Parameter Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Abhishek Rajan, Abhay Sahu, Debashish Deka, and Tanmoy Malakar
Optimal Controller Parameter Tuning of PSS Using Sine-Cosine
Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Ramesh Devarapalli and Biplab Bhattacharyya
Application of Multi-objective Hybrid DE-PSO Optimization
Technique for Network Congestion Management Through Distributed
Energy Storage System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Divya Asija and Pallavi Choudekar
Optimization Solutions Using Particle Swarm Optimization in Power
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Bartosz Tarakan, Marcin Sarnicki, and Patrick D. Strankowski
Switching Angles Computations Using PSO in Selective Harmonics
Minimization PWM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Salman Ahmad and Atif Iqbal
ACO with Heuristic Desirability for Web Page Positioning Problem . . . 463
Harpreet Singh and Parminder Kaur
Contents xvii

Generating Functions of (p, q)-Analogue of I-Function Satisfying

Truesdell’s Ascending and Descending Fp;q -Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Altaf Ahmad Bhat, Fozia S. Qazi, and D. K. Jain
Traffic Signal Control to Optimize Run Time for Energy Saving:
A Smart City Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Tarkeshwar Mahto and Hasmat Malik
Analysis of Lead-Acid and Lithium-Ion Batteries as Energy Storage
Technologies for the Grid-Connected Microgrid Using Dispatch
Control Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Mohd Alam, Kuldeep Kumar, and Viresh Dutta
Novel Application of Grid Search Algorithm for Optimization
of Photovoltaic-Wind-Diesel Hybrid Systems with and Without
Tracking Systems for Power Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Amit Kumar Yadav
Comparison of Meta-heuristic with Evolutionary and Local Search
Methods for Feature Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
Ankita Bansal and Abha Jain
Low Computational Artificial Intelligence Genetic Algorithm Assisted
SLM PAPR Reduction Technique for Upcoming 5G Based Smart
Hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Arun Kumar, Avireni Bhargav, Anitha Karthikeyan,
Karthikeyan Rajagopal, Ashok Kumar Srinivasan,
and Adhena Nigus Tsegay
Transmission Congestion Management Using Multi Objective Hybrid
Flower Pollination and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
by Optimal Placement of TCSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Pallavi Choudekar and Divya Asija
Input Voltage and Slip Power Control Schemes Based Performance
Optimization of Grid-Connected Induction Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh, Md. Tabrez, and Salman Hameed
A Computational Intelligence Approach for Power Quality
Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
Papia Ray and Monalisa Biswal
Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network Based Prediction Model for Sales
Forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Raman Tiwari, Rajesh Kumar, Smriti Srivastava, and Rajat Gera
Depth Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Network with Transfer
Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
Umang Soni and Hemant Yadav
xviii Contents

Novel Application of Linear Scaling to Improve Accuracy of

Optimized Artificial Neural Network Using Levenberg-Marquardt
Algorithm in Prediction of Daily Nitrogen Oxide for Health
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
Vibha Yadav and Satyendra Nath
Metaheurestic Algorithm Based Hybrid Model for Identification
of Building Sale Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
Nuzhat Fatema, Hasmat Malik, and Atif Iqbal
Comparative Analysis of Optimal Scheduling of Multi-objective
Non-convex Combined Heat and Power Units Using AI Techniques . . . 705
G. Rahul Prashanth, Siddharth Suhas Joshi, Vinay Kumar Jadoun,
Nikhil Gupta, K. R. Niazi, and Anil Swarnkar
Optimization Solutions for Demand Side Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
Naladi Ram Babu, Tirumalasetty Chiranjeevi, Lalit Chandra Saikia,
and Dhenuvakonda Koteswara Raju

Appendix A: Dataset Used for Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747

Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Dr. Hasmat Malik BEARS, University Town, NUS

Campus, Singapore; and NSUT Delhi, India.
Hasmat Malik (M’16) received B.Tech degree in
electrical and electronics engineering from the GGSIP
University, Delhi, India, the M.Tech degree in electri-
cal engineering from National Institute of Technology
(NIT) Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India, and the
Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Indian
Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi.
He is currently a postdoctoral fellow at BEARS,
University-Town, NUS Campus, Singapore and since
January, 2019, served as an assistant professor for
5+ years at Division of Instrumentation and Control
Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology
(NSUT) Delhi, India. He has organized five interna-
tional conferences, and proceedings has been
published by Springer Nature. He is a Life Member
of Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE),
Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering (IETE), International Association of
Engineers, Hong Kong (IAENG), International
Society for Research and Development, London
(ISRD) and Member of the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE), USA, Computer
Science Teachers Association (CSTA), USA,
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) EIG,

xix
xx Editors and Contributors

Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA) and

Mir Labs, Asia.
He has published widely in International Journals
and Conferences his research findings related to
intelligent data analytic, artificial intelligence, and
machine learning applications in power system, power
apparatus, smart building & automation, smart grid,
forecasting, prediction and renewable energy sources.
Dr. Hasmat has authored/co-authored more than 100
research papers and eight books and 18 chapters in
twelve other books, published by IEEE, Springer and
Elsevier.
His research interests include power systems, power
quality studies and renewable energy. He has pub-
lished more than 100 research articles, including
papers in international journals, conferences and book
chapters. He is Guest Editor of Special Issue of Journal
of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 2018 (SCI, Impact
Factor 2018:1.426), (IOS Press).
He is Guest Editor of Special Issue of Journal of
Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 2018, 2020 (SCI, Impact
Factor 2019:1.637) (IOS Press). He received the
POSOCO Power System Award (PPSA-2017) for his
Ph.D. work for research and innovation in the area of
power system. He has received best research papers
awards at IEEE INDICON-2015 and full registration
fee at IEEE SSD-2012 (Germany). He has supervised
23 PG students. He is involving in several large R&D
projects. His principle areas of research interests are
artificial intelligence, machine learning and intelligent
data analytics for renewable energy, power system,
smart grid, smart building & automation, condition
monitoring and online fault detection & diagnosis
(FDD).
Editors and Contributors xxi

Prof. Atif Iqbal Department of Electrical Engineering,

Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Atif Iqbal, Fellow IET (UK), Fellow IE (India) and
Senior Member IEEE, DSc (Poland), PhD (UK)-
Associate Editor IEEE ACCESS, Editor-in-Chief,
I’manager journal of Electrical Engineering, Former
Associate Editor IEEE Trans. On Industry Application;
Full Professor at the Dept. of Electrical Engineering,
Qatar University; and Former Full Professor at
Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University
(AMU), Aligarh, India; and Recipient of Outstanding
Faculty Merit Award academic year 2014-2015 and
Research excellence awards 2015 and 2019 at Qatar
University, Doha, Qatar. He received his B.Sc. (Gold
Medal) and M.Sc. Engineering (Power System &
Drives) degrees in 1991 and 1996, respectively, from
the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, India
and Ph.D. in 2006 from Liverpool John Moores
University, Liverpool, UK. He obtained DSc
(Habilitation) from Gdansk University of Technology
in Control, Informatics and Electrical Engineering in
2019. He has been employed as a lecturer in the
Department of Electrical Engineering, AMU, Aligarh,
since 1991, where he served as Full Professor until
August 2016. He is recipient of Maulana Tufail
Ahmad Gold Medal for standing first at B.Sc. Engg.
(Electrical) Exams in 1991 from AMU. He has
received several best research papers awards, e.g., at
IEEE ICIT-2013, IET-SEISCON-2013, SIGMA 2018
and IEEE CENCON 2019. He has published widely in
International Journals and Conferences his research
findings related to power electronics, variable speed
drives and renewable energy sources. Dr. Iqbal has
authored/co-authored more than 390 research papers
and two books and three chapters in two other books.
He has supervised several large R&D projects worth
more than 8 million USD. He has supervised and
co-supervised several Ph.D. students. His principal
areas of research interest are smart grid, complex
energy transition, active distribution network, electric
vehicle drivetrain, sustainable development and energy
security, distributed energy generation.
xxii Editors and Contributors

Dr. Puneet Joshi Rajkiya Engineering College,

Ambedkar Nagar, UP, India.
Dr. Puneet Joshi received B.E. degree in electrical
engineering from the G.B. Pant Engineering College,
Uttarakhand, India, M.Tech. degree in electrical engi-
neering from G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and
Technology, Uttarakhand, India, and the Ph.D. degree in
electrical engineering from G.B. Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand, India.
He is currently working as Assistant Professor in the
Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajkiya
Engineering College, Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh,
India. His research interests include optimization tech-
niques, power systems, power electronics, renewable
energy and artificial intelligence/ soft computing/
machine learning applications in electrical engineering.
He has published several research articles, including
papers in international journals, conferences and book
chapters.
Dr. Joshi is a Life Member of the International
Association of Engineers, Hong Kong (IAENG) and
Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE), USA.

Dr. Sanjay Agrawal Assistant Professor, Electrical

Engineering Department, Rajkiya Engineering College,
Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Sanjay Agrawal received B.Tech. degree in electrical
and electronics engineering from the Uttar Pradesh
Technical University, Lucknow, India, M.Tech degree
in electrical engineering from NIT Hamirpur, India, in
2012, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering
from Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology
(MNNIT), Allahabad, India, in 2017.
He has worked with the School of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering (SEEE), Dublin Institute of
Technology, Ireland, for seven weeks in the year 2016
under the SFI-ISCA sponsorship scheme of Ireland
Government.
Editors and Contributors xxiii

Since December 2017, he has been Assistant

Professor with the Electrical Engineering Depart-
ment, Rajkiya Engineering College Ambedkar Nagar,
Uttar Pradesh, India. His research interests include
signal processing, artificial intelligence, renewable
energy, and condition monitoring. He has published
research articles in peer-reviewed international jour-
nals, conferences and also written book chapters.

Dr. Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh Assistant Professor,

Electrical Engineering Department, National Institute
of Technology Srinagar, J&K, India.
Dr. Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh received Diploma and
B. Tech degree in Electrical Engineering from
Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, India, in
2006 and 2010, respectively. He was awarded
University Medal (Gold) for standing first throughout
diploma in electrical engineering. He has been
awarded first position in SPOTLIGHT and third
position in overall solar conference during cognizance
2010 in Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. Then,
he pursued Masters in power system and drives from
the Aligarh Muslim University. In Masters, he secured
first position in his branch. He joined IEEE during
Masters, and since then, he is an IEEE member.
He also worked as head of Research & Development
cell, IEEE student chapter, AMU for around two years.
Under this cell, he developed five new systems, i.e., a
rotor power control-based flexible asynchronous AC
link (FASAL) system, a missed-call based switching
system for multiple loads or appliances, a power
controller circuit-based flexible asynchronous AC
link (FASAL) system for induction generator applica-
tions, a combined voltage control and rotor power
control-based flexible asynchronous AC link (FASAL)
system and a waste fluid pressure-based energy
generation system. Among these five systems, four
systems have been published by an official Journal of
Patent Office.
Then, he pursued Ph.D. from Indian Institute of
Technology Roorkee, India. During his Ph.D., he
developed a new method for grid integration for wind
energy generation system which has been recognized
xxiv Editors and Contributors

worldwide. Currently, he is serving as Assistant

Professor in Department of Electrical & Renewable
Energy Engineering, School of Engineering &
Technology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University,
Rajouri, J & K, India. He is also Coordinator of
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC’s) under
SWAYAM platform in Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah
University and Co-ordinator of NBA, School of
Engineering & Technology, Baba Ghulam Shah
Badshah University. Recently, he developed an auto-
matic solar tracking system which has been appreci-
ated by IEEE India Council, Centre for Embedded
Product Design, Centre for Electronics Design and
Technology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology in
association with IEEE Delhi Section & IEEE CAS,
Bangalore Chapter. Currently, he is serving as
Assistant Professor in Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology
Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Here, he is having
many departmental and institutional responsibilities.
He started IEEE Student Branch in NIT Srinagar, and
since then, he is serving as Counselor of it.
Recently, he has won “10 for 10 Typhoon HIL
Award” from Switzerland, Europe. He delivered a
number of keynote talks, invited talks and expert
lectures at national and international levels in confer-
ences, workshops, STC, etc. He have more than 50
published papers in international reputed Journals,
international reputed conferences and national confer-
ences. Moreover, he have four published patents in his
credit. His research areas of interests include applica-
tion of variable frequency transformer, renewable
energy systems (Solar & Wind), drives and alternate
energy vehicles.
Editors and Contributors xxv

Contributors

Sanjay Agarwal Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering

College, Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Salman Ahmad Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
Mohd Alam Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,
New Delhi, India
Naqui Anwer Teri School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India
Divya Asija Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Asifa Baba Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir,
India
Naladi Ram Babu EED, NIT Silchar, Silchar, Assam, India
Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of
Technology Srinagar, Hazratbal, J & K, India
Ankita Bansal Department of Information Technology, Netaji Subhas University
of Technology, Delhi, India
Abhijit Singh Bhakuni Electronics Engineering Department, GEHU, Bhimtal,
India
Avireni Bhargav Department of IT and Engineering, La Trobe University,
Melbourne, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
Altaf Ahmad Bhat Department of Mathematical Sciences, IUST, Awantipora,
J&K, India
Biplab Bhattacharyya Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India
Bharat Bhushan Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
Vimal Singh Bisht Electronics Engineering Department, GEHU, Bhimtal, India
Monalisa Biswal Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of
Technology, Raipur, India
Tirumalasetty Chiranjeevi EED, REC Sonbhadra, Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Pallavi Choudekar Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Sushil Kumar Choudhary Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahamaya
College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar,
Uttar Pradesh, India
xxvi Editors and Contributors

Vinay Chowdary Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering

College, Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Debashish Deka Samsung India R&D, Bengaluru, India
Ramesh Devarapalli Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India
Viresh Dutta Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,
New Delhi, India
Nuzhat Fatema Intelligent Prognostic Private Limited, Delhi, India
Rajat Gera Faculty of Management Studies, Manav Rachna International Institute
of research and studies, Faridabad, India
Nitin Gupta Department of Electrical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of
Technology Jaipur, JLN Marg, Jaipur, India
Nikhil Gupta Department of Electrical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute
of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, India
Salman Hameed Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, UP, India
Atif Iqbal Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Vinay Kumar Jadoun Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Manipal Institute of Technology, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Abha Jain Department of Computer Science, Shaheed Rajguru College of
Applied Sciences for Women, Delhi, India
D. K. Jain MITS, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Naveen Jain Department of Electrical Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur,
India
Govind Singh Jethi Department of CSE, GEHU, Bhimtal, India
Medha Joshi EED, SLSET Group of Institutions, Kichha, India
Navneet Joshi Mathematics Department, GEHU, Bhimtal, India
Puneet Joshi Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College,
Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Siddharth Suhas Joshi Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Manipal Institute of Technology, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Peeyush Kala Electrical Engineering Department, Women Institute of
Technology, Sudhowala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Editors and Contributors xxvii

Anitha Karthikeyan Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc

Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Parminder Kaur Department of Computer Science, Guru Nanak Dev University,
Amritsar, India
Neha Khanduja Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
Arun Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication, JECRC University,
Jaipur, India
Kuldeep Kumar Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,
New Delhi, India
Pradeep Kumar EEED, NIT Sikkim, Ravangla, India
Rajesh Kumar Department of Electrical Engineering, Delhi Technological
University, Delhi, India
Geeta Kumari Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amity
School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Manoj Kumawat Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National
Institute of Technology Delhi, Narela, Delhi, India
Tarkeshwar Mahto Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand,
India
Tanmoy Malakar Electrical Engineering Department, NIT Silchar, Silchar,
Assam, India
Hasmat Malik Division of ICE, NSIT Delhi, New Delhi, India;
BEARS, University Town, NUS Campus, Singapore, Singapore
Ahmad Faiz Minai Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University,
Lucknow, UP, India
Ayush Mittal HMR Institute of Technology and Management, New Delhi, India
Satyendra Nath Department of Environmental Sciences and NRM, College of
Forestry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences,
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
K. R. Niazi Department of Electrical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of
Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, India
Rohun Nisa Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir,
India
Amruta Pattnaik Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management, Delhi, India
xxviii Editors and Contributors

Fozia S. Qazi Department of Mathematical Sciences, IUST, Awantipora, J&K,

India
G. Rahul Prashanth Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Manipal Institute of Technology, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Karthikeyan Rajagopal Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton
Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Abhishek Rajan Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, NIT Sikkim,
Ravangla, India
Dhenuvakonda Koteswara Raju EED, NIT Silchar, Silchar, Assam, India
Papia Ray Department of Electrical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of
Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
Abhay Sahu Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Mumbai, India
Lalit Chandra Saikia EED, NIT Silchar, Silchar, Assam, India
Marcin Sarnicki Baltic EcoEnergy Sp. z o.o., Borkowo, Poland
Abhinav Sharma Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Abhishek Sharma Department of Research and Development, University of
Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Akanksha Sharma Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amity
School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Gulshan Sharma Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Durban University
of Technology, Durban, South Africa
Vivek Shrivastava Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
National Institute of Technology Delhi, Narela, Delhi, India
H. P. Singh Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amity School
of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Harpreet Singh Department of Computer Science & Engineering, DAV
University, Jalandhar, India
Padam Singh Department of Applied Sciences (Mathematics), Galgotias College
of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
S. K. Sinha Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amity School
of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Umang Soni Department of MPAE, Netaji Subhas University of Technology,
Delhi, India
Editors and Contributors xxix

Ashok Kumar Srinivasan School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,

Ethiopian Institute of Technology—Mekelle, Mekelle University, Mek’ele,
Ethiopia
Aayush Srivastava Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Smriti Srivastava Division of Instrumentation and Control, Netaji Subhas
University of Technology (Formerly Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology), New
Delhi, India
Patrick D. Strankowski Baltic EcoEnergy Sp. z o.o., Borkowo, Poland
Anil Swarnkar Department of Electrical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute
of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, India
Md. Tabrez Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Motihari
College of Engineering, Motihari, Bihar, India
Bartosz Tarakan Baltic EcoEnergy Sp. z o.o., Borkowo, Poland
Raman Tiwari Faculty of Management Studies, Manav Rachna University,
Faridabad, India
Anuradha Tomar Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The
Netherlands;
JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida, India
Adhena Nigus Tsegay School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ethiopian
Institute of Technology—Mekelle, Mekelle University, Mek’ele, Ethiopia
R. K. Viral Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amity School
of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Amit Kumar Yadav Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, National
Institute of Technology Sikkim, South Sikkim, India
Hemant Yadav Department of MPAE, Netaji Subhas University of Technology,
Delhi, India
Lokesh K. Yadav Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering
College, Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Vibha Yadav Department of Environmental Sciences and NRM, College of
Forestry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences,
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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