KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY

P.O BOX 1, KYAMBOGO

SCHOOL OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT OF GEO-INFORMATICS

A SURVEY CAMP REPORT

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT AS PARTIAL

FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN SURVEYING AND LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM KYAMBOGO
UNIVERSITY

SUPERVISORS: MR. NATUKUNDA NATHAN

DR. AUGUSTINE ATURINDE

DR. JACINTHA NAYEBARE

MR. WADEMBERE

MR. AMUKO STEPHEN

MR. KABAGAMBE MATHIAS

MR. OWUNDO STEVEN

MR. BANYANGA SIRAJ

BY

MUGISHA TRACY RITAH

+256780246510

[email protected]
DECLARATION
I MUGISHA TRACY RITAH, declare that this report is my original work to the best of my
knowledge. It contains np plagiarized material, previously published or written by another person
based on activities and observations done and taken respectively obtained during the survey camp.

REGISTRATION NO: 22/U/SLD/2971/PD

SIGNATURE: …………………………………………….

FIELD SUPERVISOR …………………………………………….

ACKNOWLEDMENT
I wish to thank all the people that supported me while carrying out these activities. My heartfelt
gratitude to my parents for being so supportive as well as my classmates who were such team
players which made the observation processes easy.

My gratitude also goes to the lecturers that sacrificed their time to ensure that we are well equipped
with the basics of surveying.

Above all, I thank the Almighty for keeping me healthy and energetic throughout the course of the
camp.

Table of Contents
DECLARATION.................................................................................................................................2

APPROVAL........................................................................................................................................3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................................................4

TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................5

ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................8

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................9

MAIN OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................................9

SCOPE OF STUDY........................................................................................................................9

EXPECTATIONS............................................................................................................................9

CHAPTER TWO: ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING SURVEY CAMP:..............................9

WEEK ONE-TRAVERSING AND CURVE RANGING...............................................................9

OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................9

SCOPE OF STUDY...................................................................................................................10

EQUIPMENT USED.................................................................................................................10

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT..................................................................................................11

26TH-06-2023..........................................................................................................................11

27TH-06-2023..........................................................................................................................11

28TH-06-2023..........................................................................................................................12

29TH-06-2023..........................................................................................................................12

30TH-06-2023..........................................................................................................................12

01ST-07-2023..........................................................................................................................13

DELIVERABLES......................................................................................................................13

WEEK TWO: LEVELING............................................................................................................15

OVERVIEW..............................................................................................................................15

SCOPE OF STUDY...................................................................................................................15

EQUIPMENT USED.................................................................................................................15

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT..................................................................................................17

 03RD-07-2023..........................................................................................................................17

04TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................18

05TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................19

06TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................19

07TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................19

WEEK THREE: RESECTION AND TRIANGULATION...........................................................20

OVERVIEW..............................................................................................................................20

SCOPE OF STUDY...................................................................................................................20

EQUIPMENT USED.................................................................................................................20

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT..................................................................................................21

10TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................21

11TH -07-2023.........................................................................................................................22

12TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................22

13TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................22

14TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................23

DELIVERABLES......................................................................................................................23

WEEK FOUR: TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING..........................................................................25

OVERVIEW..............................................................................................................................25

SCOPE OF STUDY...................................................................................................................25

EQUIPMENT USED.................................................................................................................25

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT..................................................................................................26

17TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................26

18TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................27

19TH -07-2023.........................................................................................................................27

20TH -07-2023.........................................................................................................................27

21ST-07-2023..........................................................................................................................28

WEEK FIVE: CHAIN SURVEYING...........................................................................................28

 OVERVIEW..............................................................................................................................28

SCOPE OF STUDY...................................................................................................................29

EQUIPMENTS USED...............................................................................................................29

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT..................................................................................................29

24TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................29

25TH -07-2023.........................................................................................................................29

26TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................30

27TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................30

28TH-07-2023..........................................................................................................................31

WEEK SIX: GPS SATELLITE SURVEYING.............................................................................32

OVERVIEW..............................................................................................................................32

SCOPE OF STUDY...................................................................................................................33

EQUIPMENT USED.................................................................................................................33

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT..................................................................................................34

31ST-07-2023..........................................................................................................................34

01ST-08-2023..........................................................................................................................34

02ND-08-2023..........................................................................................................................35

03RD-08-2023..........................................................................................................................36

04TH-08-2023..........................................................................................................................36

CHAPTER THREE: CHALLENGS AND RECCOMENDATIONS...............................................36

CHALLENGES.............................................................................................................................36

RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................36
ABSTRACT
This report has been clustered into five chapters that is to say the introduction that talks about the
survey camp and in general, its objectives and its expected outcomes.

Chapter two talks about the activities in detail tackled week per week with a brief overview of the
topic of study, the equipment used and how the work was executed with the expected outcomes.
Chapter three talks about the challenges faced wile carrying out the activities throughout the camp.
Chapter four and five entail the recommendations and conclusion respectively.

This report also has an appendix to which other deliverables have been attached as well as the list
of figures and list of tables.
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Survey Camp is a perquisite for a Bachelors in Surveying and Land Information Systems by all
year ones in the completion of year one.

Its main is to enable students carry out detailed hands-on practical surveying exercise covering all
that was covered in class throughout the first year of study.

MAIN OBJECTIVES
Expose students to real surveying situations with specific case studies to foster a generic
comprehension of surveying

guide future decision-making especially in the areas of satellite data use, land uses, resource
management, physical planning, engineering and cadastral surveying

SCOPE OF STUDY
The camp took 6 weeks that commenced on the 26 th of June 2023 and ended on the 11th of July
where this report was to be handed in to the respective supervisors.

EXPECTATIONS
At the end of the camp one is expected to come up with a detailed report showing all the activities
executed and output of all the different exercises undertaken

This report has been clustered into six different chapters with each chapter representing a week and
the activities that were executed in that week as well as the different forms of output.

CHAPTER TWO: ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING SURVEY CAMP:

WEEK ONE-TRAVERSING AND CURVE RANGING
OVERVIEW
Traversing is the method of control extension where a series of connected lines whose lengths and
directions are measured in the field.

It involves setting up a total station or theodolite over a station whose coordinates are
predetermined and observing at others stations whose coordinates are to be determined.

There are two main types of traverses i.e.

Link traverse: A system of connected lines connected to at least two points whose coordinates
must’ve been predetermined, at the beginning and at the end of the traverse.
Open traverse: A system of connected lines linked at the ends of an existing traverse so as to form a
closed loop.

For this exercise a closed link traverse was carried out i.e., we started from a known benchmark
and closed at a known benchmark.

It is applied in control extension surveys, cadastral surveys for example establishment of parcel
boundaries as well as boundary opening, engineering works to mention but a few.

Some of the sources of error in Traversing include;

Linear errors i.e., sag correction, slope, expansion

Observational errors refraction, poor centering, wrong booking, misreading

Instrumental errors i.e., Circle graduation errors, circle eccentricity errors.

SCOPE OF STUDY
The exercise was carried out in Peace Park for a duration of 4 days i.e., 26 th JUNE -01ST JULY that
included class engagements and field practical.

EQUIPMENT USED
1) Trimble M1 total station

Figure 1 shows Trimble M1 Total station

 2) Crain Reflector Prism

Figure 2 shows reflector prism

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT

26TH-06-2023
The day started with a brief orientation about survey camp, how it was going to run, the respective
tutors and supervisors, rules and regulations as well as the grading.

We later on continued to have a brief theoretical introduction to traversing and how to compute
data obtained from the field as well the theoretical compilation of Job Record Jackets, that was
supervised by Mr. Amuko Silvesto.

27TH-06-2023
Theoretical introduction to curve ranging and the use of curves as well as their various types.
Figure 3 shows Mr. Amuko taking us through curve ranging

We were able to appreciate the methods of setting out curves and placing them on ground including
the Shift of the cubic parabola and composite curves.

The different advantages of using curves and their real-life applications were also demonstrated.

28TH-06-2023
This day was a public holiday i.e., EID-AL-FITR therefore no activities were executed

29TH-06-2023
Continuation of curve ranging principles in class where we looked at the advantages of using
coordinate method over tan angle method when setting out composite curves.

We then set out to peace park where the traversing exercise was to be carried out to carry out a
reconnaissance survey as well as how to use the survey equipment in this case a total station.
Figure 4 shows demonstration of how to use the Trimble M1

30TH-06-2023
The traversing practical started where we started from SLIS 3 and observed face left face right
measurements and distances at PKT 1.

The exercise was to continue through Pickets 2 to 8 and eventually close at SLIS 3 forming a
closed traverse.

However due to constraints like heavy rain the exercise wasn’t completed and pushed to the next
day.

Figure 5 shows a student taking measurements during the survey

01ST-07-2023
The traversing exercise was successfully completed and the curve ranging exercise started.

It was carried out the west end pitch of Kyambogo University.

A total station was used alongside a reflector prism

Set up at slis2 input computed bearing of Kololo mast then sighted it

Ts was set at 00 and the computed bearings of the circular curve were input and set out in the west
end pitch at intervals of 10m

DELIVERABLES
After the survey we were required to come up with the traverse computations of the area of survey
as well as the area computations.

Field sketch

Figure 6 shows the Peace Park field sketch

COR
STN DIR COOR BEARING DIST ±ΔN CORR ±ΔE R NORTH EA
129°06'24 129°06'24
TOPO8 " 0 "
TOPO2 145°47'01 0 145°47'01
 " "
SLIS3 0 39025.89 458
PKT1 60°00'00" -2" 59°59'58" 28.29 14.14 0.002 24.50 -0.003 39040.03 458
154°47'37
CM1 " -4" 154°47'33" 21.26 -19.24 0.002 9.05 -0.003 39020.79 458
CM2 46°22'48" -6" 46°22'42" 44.20 30.49 0.004 32.00 -0.005 39051.28 458
CM3 110°37'00" -8" 110°36'52" 60.70 -21.37 0.005 56.81 -0.007 39029.92 458
135°59'45
CM4 " -10" 135°59'35" 48.64 -34.98 0.004 33.79 -0.006 38994.94 458
156°20'17
CM6 " -12" 156°20'05" 97.20 -89.03 0.008 39.02 -0.012 38905.92 458
298°01'59
CM7 " -15" 298°01'44" 65.67 30.86 0.005 -57.97 -0.008 38936.79 458
308°08'45
CM8 " -17" 308°08'28" 45.97 28.39 0.004 -36.16 -0.006 38965.18 458
294°57'03
CM9 " -19" 294°56'44" 52.47 22.13 0.004 -47.58 -0.006 38987.31 458
138°44'42
TOPO8 " -21" 138°44'21" 22.43 -16.86 0.002 14.79 -0.003 38970.46 458
274°25'50 274°25'24
TOPO2 " -26" " 486.83 -55.47 0.04 68.25 -0.06
309°06'45 309°06'25
SLIS3 " -20" "
-23"

Angular misclosure is = + 23"in 11 stations and linear misclosure = 0.07 in 486.83

RADIATIONS
STN DIR COOR BEARING DIIST ΔN CORR ΔE CORR NORTH EA
CM4 38994.94 458
CM5 116055ꞌ23ꞌꞌ -12ꞌꞌ 116055ꞌ11ꞌꞌ 83.16 -37.65 0.007 74.15 -0.010 38957.30 458
CM6 38905.92 458
 CM5 34022ꞌ20ꞌꞌ -15ꞌꞌ 34022ꞌ05ꞌꞌ 62.24 51.37 0.005 35.13 -0.008 38957.30 458
Mean coordinates of CM5 38957.30 458
Table 1 shows the final traverse computations with the final computed coordinates

AREA COMPUTATION
STN NORTH (m) EAST (m)
CM1 39020.79 458550.74
CM2 39051.28 458582.74
CM3 39029.92 458639.54
CM4 38994.94 458673.22
CM5 38957.30 458747.46
CM6 38905.92 458712.33
CM7 38936.79 458654.35
CM8 38965.18 458618.18
CM9 38987.31 458570.59
CM1 39020.79 458550.74

A= 469.408 m2
A = 0.047 Ha
Table 2 shows the area computations of the area of study

WEEK TWO: LEVELING

OVERVIEW
Leveling is the science and art of finding vertical differences between two points which are
different heights above or below a plane parallel with the horizon.

It involves determining heights from a given reference surface.

It is applied in various disciplines of land surveying for example

 Profiles
 Cross sections
 Contouring
  Setting out

The different types of leveling include;

 Simple leveling; It is done between two points for example the level is placed midway the
benchmarks
 Check leveling; It is done to check a day’s work
 Fly leveling; taking backsight and foresight readings
 Differential leveling; It is done when two points are very far apart or inaccessible
 Longitudinal leveling; taking levels along the centerline of the alignment
 Cross-sectional leveling; taking levels perpendicular to the direction of the centerline.

Some of the errors associated with levelling include;

 Instrumental errors i.e., Collimation error, errors due to loss of instrument height
 Staff Errors i.e., Unequal graduations of staff, staff not being held vertical
 Natural errors i.e., grazing rays, booking errors, Recording errors

SCOPE OF STUDY
For this exercise we carried out loop leveling as well as cross-sectional leveling.

The exercise was carried out for a period of five days that is 03 rd JULY – 07th JULY that is along
Fischer Road, university main road to the Kyambogo university main gate

EQUIPMENT USED
1. Dumpy level
Figure 7 shows the Nikon AX-2S Automatic Level set up

Figure 8 shows Nikon AX-2S Automatic level box

2. Digital level
Figure 8 shows Leica DNA03 digital level

3. Staff rod

Figure 9 shows staff rod through the eye piece of the dumpy level

4. Bar code staff

Figure 10 shows a student holding a bar code staff

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT

03RD-07-2023
Recap of the theoretical aspects of levelling in class that included applications of leveling, checks
done and errors associated with it

Two peg test exercise within the peace park using dumpy levels.

The two-peg test is done to check the level instrument and is done by equalizing the Backsight and
Foresight readings. This is done by placing the level halfway between the two points

Reconnaissance survey of the area whose levels are to be determined.

Figure 11 shows Mr. Siraj taking us through the two-peg test

04TH-07-2023
We carried out loop leveling along Fischer Road from temporary benchmark TBM1 to TBM2 and
back to TBM1 to close the loop using a dumpy level in chainages of 10m.

Upper, middle and lower staff readings of the different backsight and fore sight readings with their
respective staff distances from the level.

The values were adjusted using Rise and Fall method to ensure there are no errors.

Figure 12 shows students taking a booking the staff readings

05TH-07-2023
We carried out loop levelling using a digital level along the same road we take levels using a
dumpy level for purposes of checking the previous day’s results as well as getting conversant with
the machine.
Figure 13 shows field notes recorded while carrying out loop leveling

06TH-07-2023
We carried out cross-sectional levelling using a dumpy level to come up with cross-sections.

The readings were taken in intervals of 20m taking staff readings of all features i.e., drainages,
trees, culverts, walkways, embarkments etc. along the line recording Backsight, intermediate sights
and foresights with their respective distances from the centerline of the road.

The readings started from the Kyambogo University main gate with reference to SLIS2 at
chainage 0+430 until chainage 0+00 along university main road control point until

07TH-07-2023
We completed the cross-sectional leveling exercise using a dumpy level and embarked on using a
digital level to carry out the exercise for reference purposes.

Figure 14 shows a display of the digital level while taking measurements

The survey was undertaken for a length of 130m in order for us to get conversant with the machine
however we were advised to use dumpy level as it is easier to use.

DELIVERABLES
Table 3 illustrates loop levelling taking all cross-hair readings

BS IS
Chainag
e U M V D U M V D
0+00 2.852 2.749 2.641 21.1
0+10 1.759 1.711 1.667 9.2
0+20 1.201 1.176 1.149 5.2

0+30 3.29 3.135 2.979 31.1

0+40 2.748 2.637 2.528 22
0+50 2.049 1.985 1.92 12.9
0+60 1.461 1.437 1.4 6.1
0+70 1.127 1.064 1.022 10.5

0+80 2.949 2.818 2.686 26.3

0+90 2.318 2.233 2.15 16.8
0+100 1.736 1.691 1.649 8.7
0+110 1.117 1.078 1.039 7.8

0+120 1.97 1.928 1.873 9.7

0+130 1.258 1.233 1.209 4.9

∑D= 88.2 ∑D= 246.9

∑BS= 10.63

∑BS-∑FS= 8.456
Table 4 illustrates loop leveling taking middle cross hair reading

STATIO REDUCED
N BS D FS D RISE FALL LEVEL
TBM2 1.81 12.91 1000
0+10 0.912 11.59 1.901 13.4 0.72 999.28
0+20 1.114 11.54 1.652 11.06 0.74 998.54
0+30 1.202 15.11 1.594 7.69 0.48 998.06
0+40 1.88 11.73 1.896 14.82 0.694 997.366
0+50 0.88 8.67 1.876 10.15 0.004 997.37
0+60 1.136 8.29 2.929 9.11 2.049 995.321
SLIS 2 1.935 9.75 0.799 994.522
SLIS 2 1.935 9.75 1180.099
0+10 2.947 10.18 0.35 11.92 1.585 1181.684
0+20 1.552 21.34 1.425 14.46 1.522 1183.206
0+30 1.949 13.6 1.16 11.19 0.392 1183.598
0+40 1.813 12.44 0.918 12.53 1.031 1184.629
0+50 1.05 10.43 0.757 16.02 1.056 1185.685
TBM2 1.14 5.76 0.09 1185.595
∑D= ∑D=
77.74 71.88
∑BS= ∑FS= ∑RISE= ∑FALL=
11.246 5.75 5.586 5.482

∑BS-∑FS= 5.496 ∑RISE-∑FALL = 5.496

Table 5 shows readings taken during cross-sectional levelling

OFFSE
STATION BS IS FS T REMARKS RISE FAL
SLIS2 2.2 BM
 3.66
0+430 3 0 CL 1.46
3.84
9 5.54 RE_R 0.18
3.65 7.44 WR 0.19
3.96
9 9.44 ER 0.31
3.88
2 5.374 RE_L 0.087
3.68
2 7.374 WL 0.2
3.92
4 8.374 EL 0.24
0+410 2.13 0 CL 1.794
2.20
2 5.58 RE_R 0.07
2.18
5 7.78 WR 0.017
2.31
2 8.78 ER 0.12
2.22 5.21 RE_L 0.092
2.20
5 7.52 WL 0.015
2.34
5 8.6 EL 0.14
0.69
0+390 7 0 CL 1.648
0.79
9 6.08 RE_R 0.10
0.76
2 8.22 WR 0.037
0.95
8 9.4 ER 0.19
0.80 5.5 RE_L 0.157
 1
0.76
2 7.67 WL 0.039
CP 3.479 1.002 8.67 EL 0.24
2.10
0+370 4 0 CL 1.375
1.94
2 12.6 RE_R 0.162
1.84 16.57 WR 0.102
1.95
4 17.57 ER 0.11
2.02
5 13.6 RE_L 0.07
1.89
9 15.7 WL 0.126
2.06
3 8.6 EL 0.16
1.63
0+360 8 0 CL 0.425
1.66
4 19.83 RE_R 0.02
1.60
5 22.6 WR 0.059
1.67
8 23.6 ER 0.07
1.58
3 21.77 RE_L 0.095
1.50
2 24.17 WL 0.081
CP 1.953 1.79 25.17 EL 0.28
1.26 CL (RD TO
0+350 2 0 BANDA) 0.691
1.54 22 RE_R 0.28
 9
1.64
9 21.2 RE_L 0.1
1.58
8 23.3 WL 0.061
1.87
7 24.3 EL 0.28
1.47
0+20 3 0 CL 0.404
1.57
5 9.9 RE_R 0.10
1.54
5 12.1 WR 0.03
1.82
1 13.1 ER 0.27
1.37
2 1.8 RE_L 0.449
1.34
6 14.6 WL 0.026
1.44
2 15.6 EL 0.09
0+40 1.89 0 CL 0.44
1.79 3.9 RE_R 0.1
1.76
8 5.67 WR 0.022
2.03
1 6 ER 0.26
1.81
6 3.7 RE_L 0.215
1.83
9 5.4 WL 0.02
2.07
5 9.1 DT_L 0.23
3.02 DB_L 0.94
 3.00
5 DB_L 0.015
2.06
7 9.9 DT_L 0.938
1.70
4 7.8 EL 0.363
1.71 CL (RD TO
0+20 2 0 POLICE) 0.00
1.51
2 9.3 RE_R 0.2
1.47
5 11.6 WR 0.037
2.02
1 17.1 DT_R 0.54
2.44
2 DB_R 0.42
2.46
9 DB_R 0.02
1.79 17.9 DT_R 0.679
1.11
1 19.9 ER 0.679
1.82
1 10.8 RE_L 0.71
1.84 13.5 WL 0.01
1.95
2 14.5 EL 0.11
1.71
0+40 8 0 CL 0.234
1.61 3.37 RE_R 0.108
1.97 4.7 DT_R 0.36
2.47 DB_R 0.5
2.46 DB_R 0.01
1.96 DT_R 0.5
 1.78
9 5.7 ER 0.171
1.63 3.32 RE_L 0.159
1.64
2 4.32 EL 0.01
1.15
0+320 5 0 CL 0.487
1.13 5.2 RE_R 0.025
1.02
9 7.4 WR 0.101
1.53
8 10.4 DT_R 0.50
2.12
1 9.6 DB_R 0.58
2.15
1 DB_R 0.02
1.35
5 DT_R 0.796
0.88
7 ER 0.468
1.15
8 5.3 RE_L 0.27
1.17
1 6.53 WL 0.01
1.25
1 8.11 CUL-T_L 0.07
2.57
9 CUL-B_L 1.32
2.62 CUL-B_L 0.04
1.26
1 7.05 CUL-T_L 1.359
1.41 9.11 EL 0.15
 2
0.34
0+300 9 0 CL 1.063
0.38 2.9 RE_R 0.03
0.46
8 5.18 DT_R 0.08
0.88 7.72 DB_R 0.41
0.26
1 ER 0.619
0.39
9 5.3 RE_L 0.13
CP 2.498 0.401 4.04 EL 0.00
1.56
0+280 6 0 CL 0.932
1.70
3 3.3 RE_R 0.13
1.63
4 5.9 DT_R 0.069
2.22
8 5.19 DB_R 0.59
1.33
8 4.47 DT_R 0.89
1.08
9 ER 0.249
1.64
5 3.08 RE_L 0.55
1.67
4 EL 0.02
0.62
0+260 9 0 CL 1.045
0.76 2.082 RE_R 0.13
0.7 6.08 DT_R 0.06
1.41 4.75 DB_R 0.71
 4
0.62
2 4.694 DT_R 0.792
0.53
6 7.08 ER 0.086
0.78
3 4.02 RE_L 0.24
CP 3.1 0.932 5.02 EL 0.14
0+240 1.93 0 CL 1.17
2.17
1 3.1 RE_R 0.24
2.03
7 7.3 DT_R 0.134
2.75
4 6 DB_R 0.71
1.85
3 5 DT_R 0.901
1.65
5 8.3 ER 0.198
2.02
8 3.01 RE_L 0.37
2.06
3 4.01 EL 0.03
0.11
0+220 9 0 CL 1.944
0.26
5 3 RE_R 0.14
0.26
2 9.1 DT_R 0.003
1.46
8 4.8 DB_R 1.20
0.35 4.1 DT_R 1.118
0.25 ER 0.095
 5
0.15
1 3 RE_L 0.104
0.31
5 6.9 DT_L 0.16
1.52
1 6.5 DB_L 1.20
0.61
9 5.2 DT_L 0.902
CP 4.725 0.765 2.9 EL 0.14
0+200 2.67 0 CL 2.055
2.74
9 3.2 RE_R 0.07
2.84
2 6.1 RE_L 0.09
1.65
0+180 3 0 CL 1.189
1.83 3.2 RE_R 0.17
1.82
3 5.6 DT_R 0.007
2.40
3 4.7 DB_R 0.58
1.87
5 4.2 DT_R 0.528
1.77
2 5 ER 0.103
1.69
1 4.16 RE_L 0.081
1.52
6 6.16 WL 0.165
1.44
2 7.16 EL 0.084
0+160 0.47 0 CL 0.97
 2
0.58
2 3.06 RE_R 0.11
0.80
2 5 ER 0.22
0.52 4.4 RE_L 0.282
0.49 6.4 WL 0.03
CP 4.78 0.467 7 EL 0.023
0+140 2.33 0 CL 2.45
2.41 2.6 RE_R 0.08
2.38
3 4.05 DT_R 0.027
4.38
9 5.5 DB_R 2.00
2.28
7 6.95 DT_R 2.102
2.39
4 8 ER 0.10
2.24
8 3.6 RE_L 0.146
2.20
8 6.6 WL 0.04
2.34
3 7 EL 0.13
0.86
0+120 8 0 CL 1.475
0.94
8 2 RE_R 0.08
1.10
1 4 CUL-T_R 0.15
2.85 4.8 CUL-B_R 1.74
0.92
7 3.6 RE_L 1.923
CP 2.29 0.797 6.6 WL 0.13
0+100 1.01 CL 1.28
1.14
7 RE_R 0.13
1.37 DT_R 0.22
2.12
8 DB_R 0.75
1.12
8 DT_R 1
0.82
5 ER 0.303
1.16
4 RE_L 0.33
0.79
2 DT_L 0.372
0.78
8 DT_L 0.004
CP 2.91 0.747 EL 0.041
1.74
0+80 8 CL 1.162
1.90
4 RE_R 0.15
2.04 DT_R 0.13
2.64
1 DB_R 0.60
1.85
8 DT_R 0.783
1.66
7 ER 0.191
2.07
5 RE_L 0.40
1.68
3 DT_L 0.392
1.8 DT_L 0.11
 1.46
8 EL 0.332
0.31
0+60 7 CL 1.151
0.39
2 RE_R 0.07
0.56
3 DT_R 0.17
1.38
1 DB_R 0.81
1.14
6 DT_R 0.235
1.22
1 ER 0.07
0.45
8 RE_L 0.763
CP 3.658 0.662 DB_L 0.20
1.64
0+40 7 CL 2.011
1.85
2 RE_R 0.20
2.04
5 DB_R 0.19
1.35
9 DT_R 0.686
1.31
4 ER 0.045
1.82
6 RE_L 0.51
2.22
3 DB_L 0.39
2.33 DB_L 0.11
 7
1.77 DT_L 0.567
CP 3.472 1.538 EL 0.232
1.91
0+20 2 CL 1.56
1.99
7 RE_R 0.08
2.26
5 DB_R 0.26
1.93 DT_R 0.335
1.75 ER 0.18
2.15
4 RE_L 0.40
2.27
5 DT_L 0.12
2.58
8 DB_L 0.31
2.71
2 DB_L 0.12
2.22 DT_L 0.492
2.11
4 EL 0.106
0.30
0+00 2 CL 1.812
0.41
2 RE_R 0.11
0.38
4 RE_L 0.028
CP 1.636 0.446 EL 0.06
0+00(TO 1.34
CTF) 2 CL 0.294
1.48
7 RE_R 0.14
1.46 RE_L 0.025
 2
1.52
5 DB_L 0.06
0.54
4 DT_L 0.981
0.42
5 EL 0.119
0+20 1.25 CL 0.82
1.33
8 RE_R 0.08
1.4 ER 0.06
1.17
5 RE_L 0.225
1.27
2 DB_L 0.09
1.30
8 DB_L 0.03
0.75
4 DT_L 0.554
0.36
4 EL 0.39
1.20
0+40 2 CL 0.83
1.29
8 RE_R 0.09
1.27
9 ER 0.019
1.30
3 RE_L 0.02
1.44
2 DB_L 0.13
0.48
9 DT_L 0.953
0.40 EL 0.081
 8
0+20(TO 1.54
SOBE) 4 CL 1.13
1.64
8 RE_R 0.10
1.75
1 DB_R 0.10
1.76
1 DB_R 0.01
0.72
7 DT_R 1.034
0.62
3 ER 0.104
1.55
3 RE_L 0.93
1.50
8 EL 0.045
1.57
0+40 2 CL 0.06
1.77 RE_R 0.19
1.77
8 DB_R 0.00
1.87
1 DB_R 0.09
0.90
2 DT_R 0.969
0.82
2 ER 0.08
1.69
9 RE_L 0.87
1.827 EL 0.12

∑BS= ∑FS= ∑RISE= ∑FA

 36.701 11.374 63.958 38.6
25.327 25.327

WEEK THREE: RESECTION AND TRIANGULATION

OVERVIEW
Resection is the method of determining the position of a point by observing horizontal directions
from the point to at least 3 control points in a network.

There are two types of Resection methods i.e.

Angular resection where horizontal angles are measured and, Distance resections where horizontal
distances are measured.
Both methods are used for coordinating temporary benchmarks (free stations) established in an
area convenient to the surveyor.

For this exercise, Angular resection was carried out because it can be done without occupying any
of the control points to which observations are taken.

Triangulation is the method of fixing points based on an elementary preposition in geometry that
given all angles of a triangle and length of one side, the lengths of the other sides can be
determined.

It is done by measuring angles of triangles then computing the lengths of sides as to fix control
points.

Conditions for Resection and Triangulation

There must be well-conditioned triangles i.e., triangles with angles 30° ≤ α ≤ 120°

The points should be intervisible with one another (A Bannister, 1993)

SCOPE OF STUDY
The Resection survey was carried out in Kabaka’s gardens at a point where all three points could
be observed for a period of 2 days i.e., 11th July 2023 to 12th July 2023.

The triangulation survey was carried out within the Peace Park where pickets 1,2,3 were to be
coordinated with the existing control points for a period of two days i.e., 13 th July 2023 to 14th July
2023.

EQUIPMENT USED
I. Trimble M1 total station
Figure 15 shows Trimble M1 set up

II. Target on tripod

Figure 16 shows a survey target set up on tripod stand

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT

10TH-07-2023
We had a recap of triangulation and resection theoretical aspects facilitated by Mr. Owundo Steven
and how to book the observations taken in the field that is to say face left and face right angles as
well as how to calculate the mean and horizontal angles.
11TH -07-2023
The resection survey was commenced and was carried out within Kabaka’s gardens sighting to 3
different points while stationed at point P whose location is to be coordinated while taking Face left
and Face Right Observations for 16 rounds at selected point P.

Kololo TV Mast (37212.601mN, 454619.842mE

Naguru-Antenna (38612.341mN, 455817.573mE

Bahai Temple (40575.622mN, 454126.524mE

12TH-07-2023
The Resection survey was completed and the computations of the coordinates of point P by
calculating the mean angles and horizontal angles.

The survey was checked by reading the angular measurements and distance of known control point
71Y151(39475.730mN, 458776.858mE)

Figure 17 shows students reading angles and calculating the mean and horizontal angles

13TH-07-2023
Triangulation survey to compute coordinates of points PKT1 and PKT2 in peace park using a total
station, optical plummet and targets placed on tripods, commenced.

The survey started from SLIS 3 observing face left and face right angles at all points that make
well-conditioned triangles with it.
The procedure was repeated at all points until the network was completed and closed.

Figure 18 shows student target the survey target

14TH-07-2023
The triangulation survey was completed and the coordinates of Pkt1 and PKT2 were computed
from the observed angles obtained from the data collected.

DELIVERABLES
For the Resection survey, we were required to compute the coordinates of picket P using the
provided coordinates of the sighted points and therefore we decided to use Bahai temple(B) and
71Y151 using the following computations;

Angle between B and 71Y151 = 154⁰05’15”

Distance between P and 71Y151 = 35.314m

αPB = arctan f [(454126.524-458742.823)/ (40575.622-39468.9635)]

= arctan [(-4616.299)/ (-1106.6585)]

=76°31'08"

=360°+76°31'08"

=283°28'52"

WCB Picket P to 71Y151 =77⁰34'07"

E71Y151 =458742.823+35.314 sin77⁰34'07"

=458777.309m
N71Y151 =39468.9635+35.314cos77⁰34'07"

=39476.566m

STATIO NORTHING EASTING

N (m) (m)
BAHAI
40575.622 454126.524
(B)
PICKET
39468.9635 458742.823
P
71Y151 39476.566 458777.309

Error 0.836 0.451

Table 6 shows the final coordinates of picket P

For Triangulation survey, we were required to compute the final coordinates of the points within
the triangulation network as shown below.

TRIANGULATION COMPUTATIONS

Table 7 Controls used in triangulation

STATION NORTHING(m) EASTING(m)

TP4 39080.367 458585.49
SLIS3 39025.838 458517.09

−1 (458585.49−458517.09)
Bearing of SLIS3-TP4¿ tan =510 26 I 16 II
( 39080.367−39025.838 )

Distance SLIS3-TP4¿ 87.476 m

Coordinates of TP1

Bearing SLIS3-PKT1¿ bearing SLIS 3−TP 4+23 0 05 I 41 II =74 0 31 I 57 II

87.476
∗sin ( 87 57 01 ) =93.662 m
0 I II
Distance SLIS 3−TP 1=
sin ( 68 57 51 )
0 I II

0 I II
N TP 1=39025.838+93.662 cos 74 31 57 =39050.821 m
 0 I II
ETP 1=458517.09+ 93.662sin 74 31 57 =458607.360 m

Coordinates of PKT1.

Bearing of SLIS3- PKT1¿ Bearingof TP 1+530 14 I 58 II =1270 46 I 55II

93.662
Distance SLIS 3−PKT 1=
sin ¿ ¿ ¿

0 I II
N PKT 1=39025.838+ 54.626 cos 127 46 55 =38992.371 m

0 I II
E PKT 1=458517.09+54.626 sin 127 46 55 =458560.264 m

Coordinates of TP5.

0 I II
Bearing of PKT 1−TP 5=Bearing of PKT 1−TP 1+22 54 46

¿ tan−1 ( 458607.360−458560.264
39050.821−38992.371 )
+22 54 46 =61 46 22 0 I II 0 I II

Distance PKT 1−TP1=√ ¿

¿ 75.063 m

75.063
∗sin ( 61 46 22 ) =74.733 m
0 I II
Distance PKT 1−TP5=
sin ( 62 14 50 )
0 I II

0 I II
N TP 5=38992.371+74.733 cos 61 46 22 =39027.718 m

0 I II
ETP 5=458560.264 +74.733 sin 61 46 22 =458626.110 m

Coordinates of TP8.

0 I II 0 I II
Bearing of PKT 1−TP 8=Bearing of PKT 1−TP5+70 01 52 =131 48 14

74.733
∗sin ( 22 53 36 ) =29.124 m
0 I II
Distance of PKT 1−TP 8=
sin ( 86 35 07 )0 I II

N TP 8=¿ 38992.371+29.124 cos 1310 48I 14 II =38972.957 m

ETP 8=¿ 458560.264 +29.124 sin 1310 48 I 14 II =458581.974 m

Coordinates of TP6.

Bearing of TP 8−TP5=tan−1 ( 458626.110−458581.974

39027.718−38972.957 )
=38 52 05 0 I II
 Distance of TP 8−TP 5=√ ¿

0 I II 0 I II
Bearing of TP 8−TP6=Bearing of TP 8−TP5+ 37 33 26 =76 25 31

70.333
∗sin ( 98 12 44 )=99.845 m
0 I II
Distance of TP 8−TP 6=
sin ( 44 12 10 )
0 I II

0 I II
N TP 6=38972.957+ 99.845 cos 76 25 31 =38996.399 m

0 I II
ETP 6=458581.974+99.845 sin 76 25 31 =458679.030 m

Coordinates of PKT2.

0 I II 0 I II
Bearing of TP 8−PKT 2=Bearing of TP 8−TP 6+ 45 32 33 =121 58 04

99.845
∗sin ( 41 15 13 ) =65.940 m
0 I II
Distance of TP 8−PKT 2=
sin ( 93 12 14 )
0 I II

N PKT 2=38972.957 +65.940 cos ( 1210 58I 04 II )=38938.046 m

E PKT 2 =458581.974+ 65.940 sin ( 1210 58 I 04 II ) =458637.914 m

Table 8 illustrates the computed coordinates of the benchmarks

STATION NORTHING(m) EASTING(m)

SLIS3 39025.838 458517.09
TP4 39080.367 458585.49
TP1 39050.821 458607.360
PKT1 38992.371 458560.264
TP5 39027.718 458626.110
TP8 38972.957 458581.974
TP6 38996.399 458679.030
PKT2 38938.046 458637.914
WEEK FOUR: TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING
OVERVIEW
Topographic surveying involves determining the horizontal and vertical locations of objects on the
surface of the earth. It entails observing both horizontal and vertical locations of an area.

the horizontal locations are the locations of roads, buildings, property boundaries by measuring
horizontal distances and these are represented by symbols on a topographic map.

The vertical locations include the locations of hills, valleys, anthills, benchmarks, depressions in
the surface of the earth as well as Reduced levels of points. These aspects are represented in relief
that is to say contours, hill shading, spot heights to mention but a few.

According to Basak, the procedure of carrying out a topographic survey are;

 Triangulation or traversing the area to enclose the area by horizontal and vertical points of
the control stations
 Location of objects by taking offsets with respect to the survey lines
 Location of contours on the map by using plane table method or indirectly by taking cross-
sections and dividing the area into squares.

The end product of a topographic survey is to come up with detailed topographic map showing all
detail picked with their respective elevations and contours.

SCOPE OF STUDY
The survey was carried out at the school of built environment covering its surrounding areas and
immediate buildings.

The survey was conducted for a period of five days which started on 17 TH July 2023 to 21st July
2023

EQUIPMENT USED
Trimble M1 total station
Figure 19 shows the total station that was used for the survey

Crain reflector prism

Figure 20 shows one of the reflector prisms that was used for the survey

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT

17TH-07-2023
We had a brief discussion about topographic surveys using a total station facilitated by Mr.
Owundo Steven.
We carried out control extension from control point SLIS3 in Peace Park through SLIS1 behind the
mosque to PKT1 2 3 and 4.

The total station was set up at PKT4 from which readings were taken that included spot heights,
road edges.

18TH-07-2023
We collected data of the walkways, parking lots, building corners and some of the trees that were
lying within the boundary of the area to be surveyed

19TH -07-2023
We realized we had some errors as we carried out our survey therefore, we decided to re-extend
control from SLIS1 to PKT 5 and from this we were advised to take constant checks while carrying
out our surveys to mitigate errors.

We then continued the data collection of features like the retaining wall, the corners of School of
Built Environment and some manholes and pillars.

Figure 21 shows a pillar, one of the features that were read on during the survey

20TH -07-2023
We continued to take measurements of the different features especially in the garden north the
school of built environment.

We also extended control to get pickets in the area behind the school of built environment that
would enable us have visualization while taking measurements in that area.
Figure 22 shows some of the students taking readings in the garden north of SOBE

21ST-07-2023
We completed the topographic survey from the garden south of SOBE near kasigiri road.

We were also able to get the basic concepts of how the Trimble M3 Total station works and how to
set it up.

DELIVERABLES
At the end of the survey, we were required to produce a contour map showing all features.
Figure 23 shows the topographic map of the area of study

WEEK FIVE: CHAIN SURVEYING

OVERVIEW
Chain surveying is the branch of surveying that involves taking horizontal and vertical distances
from the different sides of triangles which should be well-conditioned.

A horizontal distance is that which is perpendicular to the direction of gravity

A vertical distance is that which coincides with the direction of gravity.

Factors to consider when choosing to carry out chain surveying

 The formation of well-conditioned triangles should be easy

 Stations must be inter-visible
 There should be no obstacles in area
 A small area to be surveyed
 A small-scale map is to be prepared
 The ground surface should be level or almost level

Mapping of details.

 Chain surveying involves taking ties and offsets from the survey line to the details being
mapped.
 Ties are lines that make angles with the baseline whereas offsets are lines that are
perpendicular to the baseline.
 Types of details mapped are hard details, soft details, overhead details and underground
details.

Booking of details

 There are two types of booking that is to say single line booking and double line booking
 Booking must be done on a fresh page for the different chainages
 Bookings are done from the bottom of the page to the top and the records should be in the
direction of the chain line

Some of the errors in chain surveying include;

 Incorrect length
 Sag
  Temperature
 Alignment errors
 Tension

Obstacles in chain surveying include;

 Obstacles to chaining but not ranging i.e., ponds, lakes

 Obstacles to ranging but not chaining i.e., hills, trees or intervening ground
 Obstacles to chaining and ranging i.e., buildings, rivers (Basak, 1994)

SCOPE OF STUDY
The survey was carried out for a period of 3 days that is to say 25 TH -07-2023 to 27TH-07-2023 from
the university main road to the university main gate covering all features enclosed in between the
roads.

EQUIPMENTS USED
 Ranging rods
 Tape measures

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT

24TH-07-2023
We had a brief about linear measurements and a recap of the principles of chain surveying as well
as the expected output from the activity FACILITATED BY Mr. Augustus Aturinde and Mr.
Banyanga Siraj

We then carried out a reconnaissance survey around the site where the measurements are to be
taken.

25TH -07-2023
We started taking measurements of all features along the survey lines that we placed and started
from the university main road down to the West end Kitchen, taking offsets and ties to the different
features.
Figure 24 shows a student ranging

26TH-07-2023
We formed triangles between Faculty of science and faculty of environmental studies while taking
the different ties and offsets to the features to the survey line including manholes, building corners,
electric poles and trees.

Figure 25 shows students taking measurements around the Faculty of Environmental Sciences

The angles between the different lines were also calculated by using sample distances along the
lines.

27TH-07-2023
We continued to take measurements around the faculty of science and the old library in the west
end of the university.
Intervisible points were constructed from the round about at the main gate and stations around the
west end library and calculating the angles between the various lines.

Figure 26 shows students taking measurements in front of the Faculty of Science

The survey was successfully completed from the fence between Kyambogo university and
Kyambogo road.

28TH-07-2023
Computations of angles between the different survey lines and drawing of site plan.

DELIVERABLES
We were required to draw a site plan using the observations booked as shown below and attach a
hard copy A3 map.
Figure 27 shows the site plan where the survey was carried out
Figure 28 shows field bookings
Figure 29 shows field bookings
Figure 30 shows field bookings
Figure 31 shows field bookings
WEEK SIX: GPS SATELLITE SURVEYING
OVERVIEW
GPS satellite surveying is one of the many Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) used to
determine positions above and below the surface of the earth.

The other satellite positioning systems include

 GLONASS,
 NAVSTAR GPS
 GALILEO and,
 BEIDOU to mention but a few however GPS is the most popular system used.

GPS has three segments that include

 Space segment; generates, transmits code and carrier phase and navigation messages
 Control segment; Controls movement of satellites and ground health
 User segment; measures 2D and 3D (X, Y, Z) positions for points.

GPS satellite surveying falls under the category of the User segment as it is the segment open for
personal use.

Parts of the User Segment

 Antennae: Receives satellite signals

 Signal Processor: Tracks satellite signals
 Micro-processor: Controls receiver operations and decodes navigation message
 Precision oscillator/Receiver clock: generates basis of measurements.

In this branch of surveying, a receiver determines and displays the three-dimensional coordinates at
each point surveyed. The receiver is usually pole-mounted and uses an embedded software on their
respective data loggers that the displays data at millimeter level.

Basic principle of GNSS

GNSS is based on a user determining their position by observing at least 4 GNSS satellites at the
same time. These measurements give the user 4 distance measurements between them and the 4
satellites.
With four measurements a user can resolve 4 unknowns. For the end user these 4 unknowns are the
3 unknown values of his location i.e., X, Y, Z, Latitude, Longitude and Height as well as the clock
error of the GNSS receiver.

Applications of GPS satellites

 Natural resource management

 Deformation monitoring
 Cadastral surveying
 Airborne mapping, etc.

GPS Errors

 Instrument errors; Instrument noise

 Systematic errors; Satellite related errors, Receiver related errors, signal propagation errors
 Gross errors; Loss of satellite signal lock, Improper leveling, errors in measuring antenna
center height from the ground
 Satellite dependent errors; Satellite clock errors, Ephemeris errors
 Receiver dependent errors; Receiver clock errors, Cycle slips, multipath
 Observation medium dependent errors; Ionospheric delay, tropospheric delay (John Uren,
2010)

SCOPE OF STUDY
A topographic survey was carried of the area enclosed by the university main road and fisher road
taking observations of all visible features including buildings and drainages to mention but a few,
for a period of 2 days that is to say from 02ND-08-2023 to 3RD- 08-2023

EQUIPMENT USED
I. Stonex S800A GNSS base-rover receiver set
Figure 32 shows Stonex base-rover receiver set

II. Mounting pole

Figure 33 shows student holding a receiver on a mounting pole

III. Stonex data logger

Figure 34 shows Stonex data logger

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT

31ST-07-2023
Mr. Kabagambe Mathius took us through a brief introduction to GNSS and satellite surveying in
terms of the history, various components of GPS including segments, the different band widths, the
different applications and day to day uses in the modern world.

Unfortunately, the day was interrupted by heavy down pour of rain therefore not much could be
done.

01ST-08-2023
We continued our discussion about GNSS principles and the different positioning techniques that is
to say Single positioning and Differential positioning techniques.

We also had a demonstration of how the Stonex equipment works, how to set it up, how to calibrate
each receiver, the different connection procedures.
Figure 35 shows Mr. Banyanga Siraj taking us through the principles of the Stones receiver

Reconnaissance survey of the location where the topographic survey was to be carried out.

02ND-08-2023
The topographic survey commenced by setting up the base receiver at SLIS3 and checks done at
SLIS2 and TP8.

Figure 36 shows students calibrating the receivers from the data logger

From there data collection of the different features withing the scope was started from university
main road.
03RD-08-2023
Data collection was continued from the Faculty of Science and Faculty of Education to the
roundabout at the main gate where the survey was completed successfully. The data collected was
then exported from the data logger which was to be processed into a meaningful topographic map

Figure 37 shows the Stones S800A receiver fitted with antennae

04TH-08-2023
This day was used to plot the data using AutoCAD software to come up with a suitable map.

DELIVERABLES
We were required to come up with a topographic map of the area of study.
Figure 38 shows the topographic map of the area surveyed.

Table 8 shows a sample of the raw data that was picked in field

Name Northing Easting Elevation Feature code

P1 38970.34 458585.2 1205.744
tp8 38970.34 458585.2 1205.746 ctrl
tp2 38972.88 458553.1 1204.564 ctrl
rde1 38957.34 458582.4 1204.67 road edge
rde2 38963.18 458586.9 1204.825 road edge
1 38964.35 458587.4 1204.709 dr
2 38964.68 458587.9 1204.755 dr
3 38966.27 458588.7 1205.61 embark
4 38973.94 458578.1 1205.441 embark
5 38971.71 458578 1204.75 dr
6 38972.16 458578.4 1204.74 dr
 underground
7 38974.94 458581.5 1204.841 dr
underground
8 38972.93 458579.8 1204.784 dr
underground
9 38969.61 458577.5 1204.804 dr
underground
10 38966.66 458575.2 1204.722 dr
underground
11 38963.27 458572.6 1204.643 dr
underground
12 38960.2 458570.5 1203.93 dr
underground
13 38957.5 458568.7 1203.574 dr
14 38964.39 458571.4 1204.55 rde
15 38967.68 458573.2 1204.74 sh
16 38976.43 458562.6 1204.665 sh
17 38978.67 458565.2 1204.499 rde
18 38979.35 458566 1204.373 dr
19 38979.95 458566.7 1204.443 dr
20 38981.36 458567.5 1205.421 emb t
21 38986.86 458560.8 1205.555 elec pole
22 38986.16 458560.4 1205.532 emb t
23 38984.82 458560.1 1204.461 dr
24 38984.32 458559.7 1204.35 dr
25 38982.89 458558.5 1204.465 rde
26 38980.66 458556.2 1204.578 sh
27 38977.13 458553.2 1204.47 rde
28 38975.53 458552.1 1204.783 emb t
29 38974.71 458553.1 1204.772 elec p
30 38975.37 458551.4 1204.646 elec p
31 38981.71 458544.4 1204.738 emb t
32 38983.04 458545.3 1204.437 rde
33 38986.17 458547.6 1204.496 sh
34 38990 458550.9 1204.339 rde
35 38990.32 458551.2 1204.268 dr
36 38991.02 458551.9 1204.344 dr
37 38992.16 458552.5 1205.311 emb t
38 38998.61 458546.1 1205.127 elec p
39 38999.72 458544.5 1205.202 elec p
40 39004.23 458538.2 1205.343 emb
41 39009.64 458530.9 1205.024 emb
42 39015.42 458524.5 1205.066 emb
43 39017.31 458525.8 1204.937 sh
44 39020.34 458522.6 1204.873 sh
45 39018.7 458520.6 1205.217 e
CHAPTER THREE: CHALLENGES
 The activity was carried out in a partly rainy season and partly hot season therefore we
experienced heavy down pour of rain that led to a halt in some of the activities.
 Fog and mist also presented a huge barrier while doing the Resection exercise. This led to
impaired vision while sighting the different reference points.
 Failure to carry out checks while carrying out the topographic survey using a total station
therefore leading to repetition of work.

CHAPTER FOUR: RECOMMENDATIONS

 Ensure to make constant checks while carrying out surveys to minimize errors.
 Always wear personal protective equipment while in field for example reflectors vests,
helmets or sunhats, gumboots or safety boots for purposes of identification and protection.

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION

The survey camp is a very important aspect in the course of this program as it equips students with
surveying skills from first principles. These principles answer the questions of why, what not to do
and how and therefore help in the understanding the technical aspects in their entirety.
APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 shows the final traverse computations with the final computed coordinates.......................14
Table 2 shows the area computations of the area of study................................................................15
Table 3 illustrates loop levelling taking all cross-hair readings........................................................21
Table 4 illustrates loop leveling taking middle cross hair reading....................................................22
Table 5 shows readings taken during cross-sectional levelling.........................................................22
Table 6 shows the final coordinates of picket P................................................................................36
Table 7 Controls used in triangulation..............................................................................................36
Table 10 shows a sample of the raw data that was picked in field....................................................59
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 shows Trimble M1 Total station...........................................................................................9
Figure 2 shows reflector prism..........................................................................................................10
Figure 3 shows Mr. Amuko taking us through curve ranging...........................................................11
Figure 4 shows demonstration of how to use the Trimble M1..........................................................12
Figure 5 shows a student taking measurements during the survey...................................................12
Figure 6 shows the Peace Park field sketch......................................................................................13
Figure 7 shows the Nikon AX-2S Automatic Level set up...............................................................16
Figure 10 shows Leica DNA03 digital level.....................................................................................17
Figure 11 shows staff rod through the eye piece of the dumpy level................................................18
Figure 12 shows a student holding a bar code staff.........................................................................18
Figure 13 shows Mr. Siraj taking us through the two-peg test..........................................................19
Figure 14 shows students taking a booking the staff readings..........................................................20
Figure 15 shows field notes recorded while carrying out loop leveling...........................................20
Figure 16 shows a display of the digital level while taking measurements......................................21
Figure 17 shows Trimble M1 set up..................................................................................................33
Figure 18 shows a survey target set up on tripod stand....................................................................34
Figure 19 shows students reading angles and calculating the mean and horizontal angles..............35
Figure 20 shows student target the survey target..............................................................................35
Figure 21 shows the total station that was used for the survey.........................................................40
Figure 22 shows one of the reflector prisms that was used for the survey.......................................41
Figure 23 shows a pillar, one of the features that were read on during the survey...........................42
Figure 24 shows some of the students taking readings in the garden north of SOBE......................42
Figure 25 shows the topographic map of the area of study...............................................................45
Figure 26 shows a student ranging....................................................................................................47
Figure 27 shows students taking measurements around the Faculty of Environmental Sciences....47
Figure 28 shows students taking measurements in front of the Faculty of Science.........................48
Figure 29 shows the site plan where the survey was carried out......................................................49
Figure 30 shows field bookings........................................................................................................50
Figure 31 shows field bookings........................................................................................................51
Figure 32 shows field bookings........................................................................................................52
Figure 33 shows field bookings........................................................................................................53
Figure 34 shows Stonex base-rover receiver set...............................................................................56
Figure 35 shows student holding a receiver on a mounting pole......................................................56
Figure 36 shows Stonex data logger.................................................................................................57
Figure 37 shows Mr. Banyanga Siraj taking us through the principles of the Stones receiver.........58
Figure 38 shows students calibrating the receivers from the data logger.........................................58
Figure 39 shows the Stones S800A receiver fitted with antennae....................................................59
Figure 40 shows the topographic map of the area surveyed.............................................................60

REFERENCES
A Bannister, S. R. (1993). Surveying. England: Longman Group.
Basak, N. N. (1994). Surveying and Leveling. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Offices.
John Uren, B. P. (2010). Surveying for Engineers. England: Palgrave Macmillan.