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 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
“It is really the truth that the Jews, so to speak, have
disappeared from Europe and that the Jewish reservoir of the
East, from which the Jewish plague has for centuries beset
the peoples of Europe, has ceased to exist. However, the
Fuehrer of the German people at the beginning of the war
prophesied what has now come to pass.” (1965-PS).

That article, signed by Streicher, shows that he had knowledge of

the Jewish exterminations which were going on in the East.
Streicher’s article was written in November 1943. In April 1943 the
Warsaw ghetto was destroyed. Between April 1942 and April 1944
more than 1,700,000 Jews were killed in Auschwitz and Dachau. It
seems clear from this article that Streicher knew what was
happening, perhaps not the details, but the fact that Jews were
being exterminated.
(4) Perversion of Youth.
Streicher paid particular attention to the instruction and
perversion of the children and youth of Germany. He was not
content with inciting the German population. He started to poison
the minds of the children at school at the earliest possible date. He
continually emphasized the need for teaching children anti-semitism.
In a speech as early as June 1925 Streicher said:

“I repeat, we demand the transformation of the school into a

national German institution of education. If we let German
children be taught by German teachers, then we shall have
laid the foundations for the national German school. This
national German school must teach racial doctrine.”
* * * * * *
“We demand, therefore, the introduction of racial doctrine
into the school.” (M-30)

The “Fraenkische Tageszeitung” of 19 March 1934 reports

Streicher’s address at a girls’ school at Preisslerstrasse:
“Then Julius Streicher spoke about his life and told them
about a girl who at one time went to his school and who fell
for a Jew and was finished for the rest of her life.” (M-43)

Every summer in Nurnberg a youth celebration was held. At this

pagan rite the youth of Nurnberg were rallied, organized, and
incited, encouraged by Streicher. Streicher’s speech to the Hitler
Youth on the “Holy Mountain” near Nurnberg on 22 June 1935
contained the following statements:

“Boys and girls, look back to a little more than 10 years ago.
A great war—the World War—had whirled over the peoples of
the earth and had left in the end a heap of ruins. Only one
people remained victorious in this dreadful war, a people of
whom Christ said its father is the devil. That people had
ruined the German nation in body and soul. Then Adolf Hitler,
unknown to anybody, arose from among the people and
became the voice which called to a holy war and battle. He
cried to the people for everybody to take courage again and
to rise and get a helping hand to take the devil from the
German people, so that the human race might be free again
from these people that have wandered about the world for
centuries and millenia, marked with the sign of Cain.
“Boys and girls, even if they say that the Jews were once the
chosen people, do not believe it, but believe us when we say
that the Jews are not a chosen people. Because it cannot be
that a chosen people should act among the peoples as the
Jews do today.” (M-1)

A report of Streicher’s address to 2,000 children at Nurnberg at

Christmas-time, 1936, states:

“ ‘Do you know who the Devil is,’ he asked his breathlessly
listening audience. ‘The Jew, the Jew,’ resounded from a
thousand children’s voices.” (M-44)
 Streicher was not content with writing and talking. He issued a
book for teachers, written by one Fink and published from the “Der
Stuermer” offices, called “The Jewish Question and School
Instruction.” This book emphasizes the necessity of anti-semitic
teaching in schools, and suggests ways in which the subject can be
introduced and handled. The preface, written by Streicher, reads in
part as follows:

“The National Socialist state brought fundamental changes

into all spheres of life of the German people.
“It has also presented the German teacher with some new
tasks. The National Socialist state demands that its teachers
instruct German children in social questions. As far as the
German people is concerned the racial question is a Jewish
question. Those who want to teach the child all about the Jew
must themselves have a thorough knowledge of the subject.
“Those who take to heart all that has been written with such
feeling by Fritz Fink, who for many years has been greatly
concerned about the German people, will be grateful for the
creator of this outwardly insignificant publication.” (M-46).
The preface is signed by Julius Streicher, City of the Reich
Party Rallies, Nurnberg, in the year 1937.

The introduction to this book reads as follows:

“Racial and Jewish questions are the fundamental problems of

the National Socialist ideology. The solution of these problems
will secure the existence of National Socialism and with this
the existence of our nation for all time. The enormous
significance of the racial question is recognized almost
without exception today by all the German people. In order to
attain this recognition our people had to travel through a long
road of suffering.
“No one should be allowed to grow up in the midst of our
people without this knowledge of the monstrous character
and dangerousness of the Jew.” (M-46).

A later passage in the book contains this statement:

“One who has reached this stage of understanding will

inevitably remain an enemy of the Jews all his life and will
instill this hatred into his own children.” (M-46).

“Der Stuermer” also published some children’s books. Although

Streicher himself did not write the books, they were published from
his publishing business, and they are on the same line of everything
else published and issued from that business. Among these books
was one entitled “Don’t trust the Fox in the green meadow nor the
Jew on his oath.” It is a picture book for children. The pictures all
depict Jews in an offensive light. And opposite each picture there is
a little story. For instance, opposite one picture, which portrays an
unpleasant-looking Jewish butcher cutting up meat, there appears
the following comment:

“The Jewish butcher: he sells half refuse instead of meat. A

piece of meat lies on the floor; the cat claws another. This
doesn’t worry the Jew butcher since the meat increases in
weight. Besides one mustn’t forget he won’t have to eat it
himself.” (M-32).

The story opposite another picture reads as follows:

“Jesus Christ says ‘The Jew is a murderer through and

through’. And when Christ had to die the Lord didn’t know
any other people who would have tortured Him to death so
he chose the Jews. That is why the Jews pride themselves on
being the chosen people.” (M-32).

Other pictures in this book portray: a girl being led away by an

evil-appearing Jew; Streicher smiling benignly at a children’s party,
greeting the little children; children looking at copies of “Der
Stuermer” posted on a wall; Jewish children being taken away from
an Aryan school by an unpleasant-looking father, with all the Aryan
children shouting and dancing and enjoying the fun very much (M-
32).
Another book, called “The Poisonous Fungus,” is very similar in
character and appearance, and likewise calculated to poison the
minds of readers. One of the pictures in this book shows a girl sitting
in a Jewish doctor’s waiting room. The story that goes with this
picture is not a very pleasant story, but it is only by adverting to
these matters that it becomes possible to believe the kind of
education which German children received from Streicher. The story
reads as follows:

“Inge sits in the reception room of the Jew doctor. She has to
wait a long time. She looks through the journals which are on
the table. But she is much too nervous to read even a few
sentences. Again and again she remembers the talk with her
mother. And again and again her mind reflects on the
warnings of her leader of the League of German Girls: ‘A
German must not consult a Jew doctor. And particularly not a
German girl. Many a girl that went to a Jew doctor to be
cured, found disease and disgrace!’
“When Inge had entered the waiting room, she experienced
an extraordinary incident. From the doctor’s consulting room
she could hear the sound of crying. She heard the voice of a
young girl: ‘Doctor, doctor, leave me alone!’
“Then she heard the scornful laughing of a man. And then, all
of a sudden, it became absolutely silent. Inge had listened
breathlessly.
“ ‘What may be the meaning of all this?’ she asked herself and
her heart was pounding. And again she thought of the
warning of her leader in the League of German Girls.
“Inge was already waiting for an hour. Again she takes the
journals in an endeavor to read. Then the door opens. Inge
looks up. The Jew appears. She screams. In terror she drops
the paper. Horrified she jumps up. Her eyes stare into the
face of the Jewish doctor. And this face is the face of the
devil. In the middle of this devil’s face is a huge crooked
nose. Behind the spectacles two criminal eyes. And the thick
lips are grinning, a grinning that expresses: ‘Now I got you at
last, you little German girl!’
“And then the Jew approaches her. His fleshy fingers stretch
out after her. But now Inge has composed herself. Before the
Jew can grab hold of her, she smacks the fat face of the Jew
doctor with her hand. One jump to the door. Breathlessly
Inge runs down the stairs. Breathlessly she escapes the Jew
house.” (1778-PS).

Another photograph shows youthful admirers standing around

looking at Streicher’s picture, with the following commentary:

“ ‘Without a solution of the Jewish question there will be no

salvation for mankind.’ That is what he shouted to us. All of
us could understand him. And when, at the end, he shouted
‘Sieg Heil’ for the Fuehrer, we all acclaimed him with
tremendous enthusiasm. For two hours Streicher spoke at
that occasion. To us it appeared to have been but a few
minutes.” (1778-PS).

The effect of all this propaganda is evident from the columns of

“Der Stuermer” itself. In April 1936 there was published a letter,
which is typical of many others that appear in other copies from
children of all ages. The third paragraph of this letter, signed by the
boys and girls of the National Socialist Youth Hostel at Grossmuellen,
reads:

“* * * Today we saw a play on how the devil persuades the

Jew to shoot a conscientious National Socialist. In the course
of the play the Jew did it too. We all heard the shot. We
would have all liked to jump up and arrest the Jew. But then
the policeman came and after a short struggle took the Jew
along. You can imagine, dear Stuermer, that we heartily
cheered the policeman. In the whole play not one name was
mentioned, but we all knew that this play represented the
murder by the Jew Frankfurter. We were very sick when we
went to bed that night. None felt like talking to the others.
This play made it clear to us how the Jew sets to work.” (M-
25).

C. STREICHER’S USE OF HIS AUTHORITY AS GAULEITER IN THE

SERVICE OF THE CONSPIRACY.
Streicher’s authority as a Gauleiter was extensive. The
Organization Book of the NSDAP for 1938 describes the duties and
authority of Gauleiters as follows:

“The Gauleiter bears over-all responsibility for the Fuehrer for

the sector of sovereignty entrusted to him. The rights, duties
and jurisdiction of the Gauleiter result primarily from the
mission assigned by the Fuehrer and, apart from that, from
detailed direction.” (1814-PS).

Streicher’s association with the Fuehrer and other Nazi

conspirators may also be seen from the newspapers. On the
occasion of Streicher’s 50th birthday, Hitler paid a visit to Nurnberg
to congratulate him. The account of that meeting is published in the
“Voelkischer Beobachter” of 13 February 1934 as follows:

“Adolf Hitler spoke to his old comrades in battle and to his

followers in words which went straight to their hearts. By way
of introduction he remarked that it was a special pleasure to
be present for a short while in Nurnberg, the town of the
National Socialist community which had been steeled in
battle, at this day of honor of Julius Streicher, and to be
within the circle of the standard bearers of the National
Socialist idea during many years.
“Just as they, all of them, had during the years of oppression
unshakeably believed in the victory of the movement, so his
friend and comrade in the battle, Streicher, had stood
faithfully at his side at all times. It had been this unshakeable
belief that had moved mountains.
“For Streicher it would surely be a solemn thought, that this
50th anniversary meant not only the halfway point of a
century, but also of a thousand years of German history to
him. He had in Streicher a companion of whom he could say
that here in Nurnberg was a man who would never waver for
a single second and who would unflinchingly stand behind
him in every situation.” (M-8).

A letter from Himmler, published in “Der Stuermer” of April 1937,

declared:

“If in future years the history of the reawakening of the

German people is written, and if already the next generation
will be unable to understand that the German people was
once friendly to the Jews, it will be stated that Julius Streicher
and his weekly paper ‘Der Stuermer’ have contributed a great
deal towards the enlightenment regarding the enemy of
humanity. “(Signed) For the Reichsfuehrer SS, Himmler.”
(M-22).

Finally, a letter from von Schirach, the Reich Youth Leader,

published in “Der Stuermer” of January 1938, had this to say:

“It is the historical merit of ‘Der Stuermer’ to have

enlightened the broad masses of our people in a popular way
as to the Jewish world danger. ‘Der Stuermer’ is right in
refusing to fulfill its task in the tone of the aesthetic drawing
room. Jewry has shown no regard for the German people. We
have, therefore, no cause to be considerate and to spare our
worst enemy. What we fail to do today our youngsters of
tomorrow will have to suffer for bitterly.” (M-45).
D. CONCLUSION.
It may be that Streicher is less directly involved in the physical
commission of the crimes against Jews than some of his
coconspirators. The submission of the Prosecution is that his crime is
no less worse for that reason. No government in the world, before
the Nazis came to power, could have embarked upon and put into
effect a policy of mass Jewish extermination in the way in which
they did, without having a people who would back them and support
them, and without having a large number of people who were
prepared to carry out the murder themselves. (See Chapter XII on
Persecution of the Jews.)
It was to the task of educating and poisoning the people with
hate, and of producing murderers, that Streicher set himself. For 25
years he continued unrelentingly the perversion of the people and
youth of Germany. He went on and on, as he saw the results of his
work bearing fruit.
In the early days he was preaching persecution. As persecution
took place he preached extermination and annihilation and, as
millions of Jews were exterminated and annihilated, in the Ghettos
of the East, he cried out for more and more.
The crime of Streicher is that he made these crimes possible,
which they would never have been had it not been for him and for
those like him. Without Streicher and his propaganda, the
Kaltenbrunners, the Himmlers, the General Stroops would have had
nobody to do their orders.
In its extent Streicher’s crime is probably greater and more far-
reaching than that of any of the other defendants. The misery which
they caused ceased with their capture. The effects of this man’s
crime, of the poison that he has put into the minds of millions of
young boys and girls goes on, for he concentrated upon the youth
and childhood of Germany. He leaves behind him a legacy of almost
a whole people poisoned with hate, sadism, and murder, and
perverted by him. That people remain a problem and perhaps a
menace to the rest of civilization for generations to come.
LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO
 JULIUS STREICHER

Document Description Vol. Page

Charter of the International

Military Tribunal, Article 6. I 5
International Military Tribunal,
Indictment Number 1, Section
IV (H); Appendix A. I 29, 66
————
Note: A single asterisk (*) before a
document indicates that the
document was received in
evidence at the Nurnberg trial. A
double asterisk (**) before a
document number indicates that
the document was referred to
during the trial but was not
formally received in evidence, for
the reason given in parentheses
following the description of the
document. The USA series number,
given in parentheses following the
description of the document, is the
official exhibit number assigned by
the court.
————
*1724-PS Announcement in Press
Conference, 4 August 1938, of
breaking up of synagogue. (USA
266) IV 224
*1757-PS Report of Goering’s Commissioners
for investigation of Aryanisations.
(GB 175) IV 283
 1778-PS Book “The Poisonous Mushroom”,
published in Nurnberg 1938,
concerning Jews. (USA 257) IV 358
*1814-PS The Organization of the NSDAP
and its affiliated associations, from
Organization book of the NSDAP,
editions of 1936, 1938, 1940 and
1943, pp. 86-88. (USA 328) IV 411
*1965-PS Article by Streicher, 4 November
1943, published in Der Stuermer.
(GB 176) IV 602
*2153-PS Defeat the Enemy of the World,
published in National Socialist
Party Correspondence No. 358, 30
March 1933. (GB 166) IV 760
*2154-PS Streicher decrees, published in
National Socialist Party
Correspondence, No. 359, 31
March 1933. (GB 167) IV 760
*2156-PS Announcement of Central
Committee for defense against
Jewish horror and boycott
agitation, 29 March 1933,
published in National Socialist
Party Correspondence No. 357.
(USA 263) IV 761
*2409-PS Extracts from The Imperial House
to the Reich Chancellery by Dr.
Joseph Goebbels. (USA 262) V 83
2583-PS Quotation from speech made by
Streicher, 31 October 1939. V 311
*2697-PS Article: “The Chosen People of the
Criminals” from Der Stuermer, No.
2, January 1935. (USA 259) V 372
*2698-PS Article: “Two little Talmud Jews”,
from Der Stuermer, No. 50,
December 1938. (USA 260) V 372
*2699-PS Article on Ritual Murder, from Der
Stuermer, No. 14, April 1937. (USA
258) V 372
2700-PS Article: “The Ritual Murder”, from
Der Stuermer, No. 28, July 1938. V 373
*2711-PS Article: “Symbolic Action”,
published in Fraenkische
Tageszeitung-Nurnberg, 11 August
1938. (USA 267) V 376
*2975-PS Streicher’s affidavit, 19 November
1945, concerning positions held.
(USA 9) V 681
*M-1 Speech by Julius Streicher to Hitler
Youth on “Holy Mountain”, 22 June
1935. (GB 178) VII 1115
*M-2 Speech by Julius Streicher, 10 May
1935. (GB 172) VIII 1
M-3 Extract from Mein Kampf, p. 440. VIII 2
*M-4 Streicher’s speech, 5 September
1937, commemorating the opening
of the Wilhelm-Gustloff Bridge in
Nurnberg. (GB 171) VIII 3
M-5 Report of press conference of 4
August 1938. VIII 5
*M-6 Leading article by Julius Streicher
from Der Stuermer of September
1936. (GB 170) VIII 6
M-7 NSDAP Proclamation from
Voelkischer Beobachter, 29 March
1933, concerning the boycott. VIII 7
*M-8 Hitler’s visit to Nurnberg on
Streicher’s 50th birthday, from
Voelkischer Beobachter, 13
February 1935. (GB 182) VIII 8
*M-10 Streicher’s letter to Archbishop of
Canterbury, from Special edition of
The Stuermer in May 1939. (GB
173) VIII 9
*M-11 Streicher’s speech in Central Hall
of Coliseum in Nurnberg, 23
November 1922. (GB 165) VIII 10
M-12 Streicher’s speech, 20 November
1924. (GB 165) VIII 10
*M-13 Streicher’s speech in Nurnberg, 3
April 1925. (GB 165) VIII 11
*M-14 Streicher’s speech in the Hercules
Hall in Nurnberg, 21 April 1932.
(GB 165) VIII 11
*M-20 Article from 1935 New Year’s issue
of “German People’s health from
Blood and Soil”. (GB 168) VIII 12
M-21 Article: “Jewish Blood in a Priest’s
Robe”, from Der Stuermer, March
1936. VIII 12
M-22 Letter from Himmler, 19 January
1937, from Der Stuermer, April
1937. VIII 13
*M-25 Letter from Der Stuermer, April
1936, concerning the teachings to
boys and girls of Jewish question.
(GB 170; USA 861) VIII 14
M-26 Article: “He calls himself a party
member”, from Der Stuermer,
March 1936. VIII 15
M-27 Article: “Friends of the Jews on the
Moselle”, from Der Stuermer,
March 1936. VIII 15
M-28 Article: “She must stick to the
Jews”, from Der Stuermer, March
1936. VIII 16
*M-30 Speech by Julius Streicher in
Bavarian Diet, 26 June 1925. (GB
165) VIII 16
M-31 Editorial “The Approaching finale,
The Prophecy of the Fuehrer”, by
Julius Streicher, published in Der
Stuermer. VIII 19
*M-32 Extracts from book “Don’t trust a
Fox on a green meadow nor the
Jew on his oath”. (GB 181) VIII 20
M-33 “100,000 demonstrate in
Koenigsplatz against Jewish
incitements to cruelty”, from
Muenchener Beobachter, 1-2 April
1933. (GB 329) VIII 21
*M-34 “Safeguard of German Blood and
German Honour”, from Voelkischer
Beobachter, 6 October 1935. (GB
169) VIII 24
M-35 Extract from Leading Article in Der
Stuermer, July 1938. VIII 24
M-36 Extract from Leading Article in Der
Stuermer, September 1938. VIII 25
M-39 Extract from Leading Article in Der
Stuermer, January 1938. VIII 26
M-40 Headlines of Articles in Stuermer
Special Issue No. 8, January 1938. VIII 26
 M-41 Speech by Streicher, 10 November
1938. VIII 26
*M-42 Account of November 1938
demonstrations in Nurnberg and
Fuerth. (GB 174) VIII 28
*M-43 Streicher’s address to young girls
of vocational training centre, 19
March 1934, from Fraenkische
Tageszeitung. (GB 177) VIII 28
*M-44 Report of Streicher’s address to
2,000 children at Nurnberg at
Christmas celebrations, from
Fraenkische Tageszeitung, 22
December 1936. (GB 179) VIII 29
*M-45 Letter by von Schirach, published
in Der Stuermer, January 1938.
(USA 871) VIII 30
*M-46 Extracts from book: “Jewish
Question and School Instruction”,
published in Der Stuermer, 1937.
(GB 180) VIII 30

11. WALTER FUNK

A. FUNK ACTIVELY PROMOTED THE CONSPIRATORS’ ACCESSION

TO POWER.
A recital of Funk’s positions and activities is set forth in a
statement made by him (3533-PS). Although Funk signed this
statement, he inserted several reservations and denials with respect
to certain positions and activities. Funk’s submissions in this
connection, which are indicated in his statement (3533-PS) should
be evaluated in the light of the statements set forth in the collection
of relevant excerpts from German publications (3563-PS).
 An examination of these excerpts will reveal that the German
publications directly contradict every contention which Funk has
made with respect to his holding the positions and carrying on the
activities listed in his statement (3533-PS). For example, in his
comment concerning item (b) of his statement Funk denies that he
was Hitler’s Personal Economic Adviser during the 1930’s. On the
other hand, there are four German publications, each of which states
unequivocally that Funk was Hitler’s Personal Economic Adviser
(3563-PS).
As is indicated by these documents, Funk, soon after he joined
the Nazi Party in 1931, began to hold important positions in the
Party and soon qualified as one of the Nazi inner circle. Thus, he
promptly became not only Hitler’s Personal Economic Adviser, but
also Chief of the Economic Division of the Central Nazi Party
Directorate and Chairman of the Party’s Committee on Economic
Policy (3533-PS). In these capacities, he advanced the Party’s drive
for mass support by drafting its economic slogans. In 1932, for
example, he wrote a pamphlet entitled “Economic Reconstruction
Program of the NSDAP”, which, after its approval by Hitler, became
the Party’s official pronouncement on economic matters (3505-PS).
Funk also served as the liaison man between the Nazi Party and
the large industrialists, from whom he obtained financial and political
support on Hitler’s behalf (3505-PS; 2828-PS). Thus, for example, he
was present at the meeting of approximately 25 leading industrialists
held in Berlin on 20 February 1933 (2828-PS). In the course of this
meeting, which was arranged by Goering and attended by Funk,
among others, and which was designed to obtain the industrialists’
financial and political support for the Nazi program, Hitler and
Goering announced some of the fundamental Nazi objectives: the
destruction of the parliamentary system in Germany; the crushing of
all internal opposition by force, the restoration of the power of the
Wehrmacht. In addition, Hitler indicated that force was to be used in
solving problems with other nations (D-203). The financial and
political support for the Nazis which Funk secured from industry
promoted the campaign of force and terror by which the Nazis
seized and consolidated their control of Germany.
 The importance of Funk’s general contribution to the
conspirators’ accession to power has been described in a book
published by the Central Publishing House of the Nazi Party:

“No less important than Funk’s accomplishments in the

programmatic field in the years 1931 and 1932 was his
activity of that time as the Fuehrer’s liaison man to the
leading men of the German economy in industry, trade,
commerce and finance. On the basis of his past work, his
personal relations to the German economic leaders were
broad and extensive. He was now able to enlist them in the
service of Adolf Hitler, and not only to answer their questions
authoritatively, but to convince them and win their backing for
the Party. At that time, that was terribly important work.
Every success achieved meant a moral, political, and
economic strengthening of the fighting force of the Party and
contributed toward destroying the prejudice that National
Socialism is merely a party of class hatred and class struggle.”
(3505-PS)

After he had helped Hitler become Chancellor, Funk, as Reich

Press Chief, participated in the early cabinet meetings, in the course
of which the conspirators determined upon the means by which they
would secure the passage of the Enabling Act and destroy
parliamentary government in Germany (2962-PS; 2963-PS). This law
destroyed civil liberties in Germany and marked the conspirators’
seizure of political control over Germany.

B. FUNK, BY VIRTUE OF HIS ACTIVITIES IN THE MINISTRY OF

PROPAGANDA, ACTIVELY PARTICIPATED IN THE CONSOLIDATION
OF THE CONSPIRATORS’ CONTROL OVER GERMANY.
The Nazis created a vast propaganda machine which they used
to proclaim the doctrine of the master race, to inveigh against the
Jews, to impose the leadership principle upon the German people, to
glorify war as a noble activity, to create the social cohesion
necessary for war, and to weaken the capacity and willingness of
their intended victims to resist aggression. (See Section 9 of Chapter
VII on Propaganda, Censorship and Supervision of Cultural
Activities.)
The operation of this propaganda machine was principally the
responsibility of the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and
Propaganda. Funk played a significant role in the operations of that
Ministry and in related agencies of the Nazi State. On 30 January
1933, the day on which Hitler became Reich Chancellor, Funk was
appointed Press Chief of the Reich Government. In that capacity, and
even after the establishment of the Ministry of Public Enlightenment
and Propaganda, he reported regularly to Hitler and President von
Hindenburg (3505-PS; 3501-PS).
On 13 March 1933, the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment
and Propaganda was established with Goebbels as its Chief and Funk
as its under-Secretary (2029-PS; Voelkischer Beobachter 15 March
1933, p. 2. (South German Edition)). In an interview with a reporter
from the Voelkischer Beobachter on 30 March 1933, Funk made clear
the importance which propaganda was to have in the Nazi State. He
stated:
“Propaganda is the most modern instrument of power and
fighting weapon of state policy. The establishing of the
Propaganda Ministry is vital, for the national political policy of
the new State Leadership is to be the general good of the
whole people. Therefore, the total political, artistic, cultural
and spiritual life of the nation, must be brought on to one
level and directed from one central point.” (Voelkischer
Beobachter, South German Edition, 31 March 1933).

In order to achieve this purpose, the Ministry of Enlightenment

and Propaganda was organized so as to reach and control every
medium of expression within Germany. In the language of the
decree defining the duties of the Minister of Propaganda, he was to
have

“* * * jurisdiction over the whole field of spiritual

indoctrination of the nation, of propagandizing the State, of
cultural and economic propaganda, of enlightenment of the
public at home and abroad; furthermore, he is in charge of all
institutions serving these purposes.” (2030-PS).

Under this decree, the Ministry controlled propaganda abroad,

propaganda within Germany, the press, music, the theater, films, art,
literature, radio and all related institutions.
Funk discharged important responsibilities in the Ministry. As
Undersecretary, he was Goebbels’ chief aide. In this capacity he
appears to have been the primary organizer of the machine from
which flowed Nazi propaganda. This is made clear by the following
excerpt from an affidavit dated 19 December 1945, and signed by
Max Amann, who held the position of Reich Leader of the Press and
President of the Reich Press Chamber.

“* * * In carrying out my duties and responsibilities, I

became familiar with the operations and the organization of
the Reich Ministry of Propaganda and Enlightenment.
“Walther Funk was the practical Minister of the Ministry of
Propaganda and Enlightenment and managed the Ministry.
Funk was the soul of the Ministry, and without him Goebbels
could not have built it up. Goebbels once stated to me that
Funk was his ‘most effective man.’ Funk exercised
comprehensive control over all the media of expression in
Germany: over the press, the theater, radio and music. As
Press Chief of the Reich Government and subsequently as
Under Secretary of the Ministry, Funk held daily meetings with
the Fuehrer and a daily press conference in the course of
which he issued the directives governing the materials to be
published by the German press”. (3501-PS).

A note for the files prepared by one Sigismund, an SS

Scharfuehrer, also stresses the important role which Funk played in
The Ministry of Propaganda (3566-PS). That note records a
discussion between Sigismund and one Weinbrenner, an official of
the Ministry of Propaganda, about the selection of a General
Manager for the German Radio. The note states:

“Weinbrenner made the following statement: * * * it is

almost impossible to determine whom the Minister would
name General Manager, since Dr. Goebbels reaches most of
the important decisions only by agreement with Under
Secretary Funk.” (3566-PS).

In addition to his position as Undersecretary, Funk had many

other important responsibilities in subordinate offices of the Ministry
for Propaganda (3533-PS). In 1933, for example, he was appointed
Vice President of the Reich Chamber of Culture, whose President
was Goebbels (3533-PS; Reichsgesetzblatt, 1933, I, p. 798).
Funk’s position as Vice President of the Reich Chamber of Culture
was related to his position as Undersecretary of the Ministry, since
the Chamber of Culture and the seven subordinate chambers were
by law subject to the control of the Ministry of Propaganda (2082-
PS). This control was insured in practice by placing officers of the
Ministry of Propaganda in the highest positions of the Chambers.
Thus, for example, Goebbels was its President and Funk its Vice
President. By virtue of his dual position, Funk directly promoted two
fundamental and related Nazi policies: (1) the regimentation of all
creative activities in the interest of Nazi political and military
objectives; (2) the elimination of Jews and dissidents from the so-
called cultural professions.
The mechanics by which these policies were carried out have
been described in Section 9 of Chapter VII on Propaganda,
Censorship and Supervision of Cultural Activities. That description
will be supplemented here only by reference to the second decree
for the Execution of the Law of Reich Chamber of Culture, dated 9
November 1933 (2872-PS). This decree, which was signed by Funk,
representing Goebbels, fixed the effective date for the entire scheme
for the domination and purging of the cultural professions.
The control of the Ministry of Propaganda was based in part on
the requirement that persons engaged in so-called “cultural
activities” belong to the appropriate Chamber (1933
Reichsgesetzblatt, I, p. 797). Decrees were then passed which
prescribed standards of admission to these Chambers, which
automatically excluded Jews. For example, in the field of journalism,
“only persons who were of Aryan descent and not married to a
person of non-Aryan descent” were permitted to be so-called
Schriftleiter, that is, to perform any work relating to the contents of
a newspaper or a political magazine (2083-PS).
Similarly, newspaper publishers had to submit proof tracing their
Aryan descent (and that of their spouses) as far back as the year
1800 (Decree 24 April 1935, issued by the President of the Reich
Press Chamber, Article 1, 3 and Article II, 1(f) and 2, reprinted in
Karl Friedrich Schrieber in “Das Recht der Reichskulturkammer”, vol.
2, 1935, pp. 109-112; Decrees 15 April and 22 May 1936 issued by
the President of Reich Press Chamber reprinted in Karl Friedrich
Schrieber “Das Recht der Reichskulturkammer”, vol. 4, 1936, pp.
101-102, 120-122; see also: Decree 17 September 1934 reprinted in
Karl Friedrich Schrieber’s “Das Recht der Reichskulturkammer”, vol.
2, 1935, p. 79).
 In view of Funk’s official positions and the policies which he
advanced, it is natural that Nazi writers have stressed his
contribution to the perversion of German culture. Thus Oestreich’s
biography of Funk states:

“Besides, Funk had a special duty from his Ministry received

the task to take care of the cultural life. In this position he
organized quietly a tremendous concern which represented
an investment of many hundreds of millions. In close co-
operation with the Reich Leader of the Press, Max Amann, the
economic fundamentals of the German press were
reconstructed according to the political necessities. The same
took place in the film industry and in other cultural fields.”
(3505-PS)

The reconstruction of “the economic fundamentals of the German

press * * * and other cultural fields” was a biographer’s euphemism
for the elimination of Jews and dissidents from the field of literature,
music, theater, journalism, broadcasting, and the arts.
The completeness with which the policy of cultural extermination
was carried out is made clear by a pamphlet entitled “The Reich
Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda”, by Georg
Wilhelm Mueller, an official of the Ministry of Propaganda, which was
published by the German Academy for Politics as part of a series on
the organization of the Nazi Government. That pamphlet states:

“The Department Special Cultural Tasks (a department within

the Ministry of Propaganda) serves mainly the purpose to
remove the Jews from cultural professions. It reviews the
political attitude of all artistic or cultural workers and cultural
economic enterprises that are members of the seven
individual chambers of the Reich Chamber of Culture (except
the Reich Chamber of the Press), it has to supervise the
removal of Jews in the entire field of the seven individual
chambers and settles as highest authority all complaints and
appeals of cultural workers whose membership was rejected
by the Chamber because of lack of proof of Aryan descent. At
the same time, it is the task of this department to supervise
the activities of non-Aryans in the intellectual and entire
cultural field, therefore, also the supervision of the only
Jewish organization in the cultural field in the entire Reich
territory, that is, the ‘Jewish Kulturbund’ (Jewish Cultural
Association).
“In this way this department also cooperates with all other
professional departments of the Ministry or the Chambers by
consulting the local officials of the party, the State police
offices, etc., and when supervising the Jewish ‘cultural work’
with the political police.
“It is mainly the merit of this department—to 1937 a
department in the Managing Office of the Reich Chamber of
Culture—that the purge of the entire German cultural life from
Jewish or other non-German influences was completely
accomplished according to the assignments of the Minister.”
(Das Reichsministerium fuer Volksaufklaerung und
Propaganda (Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and
Propaganda) pp. 30-31).

Funk contributed to the achievement of the Nazi propaganda

program in other capacities. Thus, in 1933, Goebbels appointed him
Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Reich Broadcasting
Company (3505-PS). That company was the coordinating authority
for all German radio broadcasting and supervised all German radio
stations, with a view to insuring that radio serve the political
purposes of the Nazi State (Das Deutsche Fuehrerlexikon, 1934-
1935, p. 139; 3505-PS). Moreover, in 1933, Funk was also appointed
Vice-president of the Filmkreditbank. The Filmkreditbank was a
government-controlled financing corporation which influenced film
production in the interests of the Nazi program by granting financial
assistance in connection with only those films deemed desirable from
the Nazi point of view (Seager, “Der Film im Nationalsocialistischen
Staat” (“The Film in the National-Socialist State”), in Frank:
“Nationalsozialistisches Handbuch fuer Recht und Gesetzgebung”
(“National Socialist Handbook for Law and Legislation”), 1935, 2nd
edition, p. 512). It is clear from the foregoing that Funk was from
1933 until the end of 1937 a versatile and key figure in the
propaganda field. His activities ranged from daily conferences with
the Fuehrer and the organization of a new large Ministry vital to the
Nazi program, to depriving the most humble Jewish artist of his
power to earn a livelihood. Funk appears to have been what
Goebbels said he was: Goebbels’ “most effective man” (3501-PS).

C. FUNK, AS MINISTER OF ECONOMICS, CONTINUED TO ADVANCE

THE CONSPIRACY TO PERSECUTE THE JEWS BY ACTIVELY
PARTICIPATING IN THE PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF THE
MEASURES WHICH ELIMINATED THE JEWS FROM THE GERMAN
ECONOMY.
The systematic anti-Jewish program of the Nazi conspirators is
discussed in Chapter XII. The evidence discussed below shows that
Funk, by virtue of his activities as Minister of Economics, is
responsible for the planning and execution of the program to
exclude the Jews from the German economy.
The first record of Funk’s anti-Jewish activities as Minister of
Economics consists of a series of decrees which he signed and which
were designed to exclude the Jews from various occupations, such
as real estate business, auctioneering, etc. Reference will be made
to only a few of these decrees (Decree amending trade code of 6
July 1938, (1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, I, p. 832); decree concerning
occupation of auctioneers, 12 February 1938, 1938
Reichsgesetzblatt, I, p. 202. Moreover, on 14 June 1938, Funk signed
a decree providing for the registration of “Jewish enterprises” (1938
Reichsgesetzblatt, I, p. 627)). This decree was part of a system of
economic persecution which obliterated Jewish ownership in all
commercial, financial and industrial enterprises.
In 1938, the death of von Rath in Paris was exploited by the
Nazis as a pretext for intensifying the persecution of the Jews. Their
new anti-Jewish policy called for the complete elimination of Jews
from the economic life of Germany. Funk took a significant part in
both the formulation and execution of this policy.
Thus, he was present at the meeting of 12 November 1938,
where, with Goering as the leading spirit, the basis for a more
drastic policy against the Jews was established (1816-PS). Goering
described the meeting as a decisive one, and demanded “that the
Jewish question be now, once and for all, coordinated and solved,
one way or another.” (1816-PS). Funk came to the meeting with a
draft law which he had prepared, and which he submitted with the
following explanation:

“I have prepared a law elaborating that, effective 1 January

1939, Jews shall be prohibited to operate retail stores and
wholesale establishments, as well as independent artisan
shops. They shall further be prohibited from keeping
employees or offering any ready products on the market.
Wherever a Jewish shop is operated, the police shall shut it
down. From 1 January 1939, a Jew can no longer be
employed as an enterpriser, as stipulated in the law for the
Organization of National Labor from 20 January 1934. If a
Jew holds a leading position in an establishment without
being the enterpriser, his contract may be declared void
within 6 weeks by the enterpriser. With the expiration of the
contract, all claims of the employee, including all claims to
maintenance become obliterated. That is always very
disagreeable and a great danger. A Jew cannot be a member
of a corporation; Jewish members of corporations shall have
to be retired by 31 December 1938. A special authorization is
unnecessary. The competent Ministers of the Reich are being
authorized to issue the provision necessary for the execution
of this law.” (1816-PS)

The substance of Funk’s draft law promptly found its way into the
Reichsgesetzblatt. On 12 November 1938, Goering signed a decree
entitled “For the Elimination of Jews from the German Economic
Life” (1662-PS).
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