CONTENT

Unit 1 English in Nutrition 1

Unit 2 Basic Nutrition 7

Unit 3 Food Groups and Balanced Diet 14

Unit 4 Nutrients Carbohydrates, Protein, and Fats 22

Unit 5 Vitamins and Minerals 30

Unit 6 Reading Food Labels 38

Unit 7 Nutrition in Daily Life (Meal Planning) 47

 UNIT 1

ENGLISH IN NUTRITION

I. LISTENING

Answer the following questions based on the tape you hear!

1. Why is English important in the field of nutrition?

A. It is used only in food preparation.

B. It helps in cooking faster.

C. It is used in research, education, and communication.

D. It is required to understand local recipes.

2. What language are most scientific nutrition journals written in?

A. Spanish

B. Indonesian

C. English

D. French

3. How does English help nutrition students?

A. It helps them cook better.

B. It helps them read nutrition materials and stay updated.

C. It helps them avoid studying science.

D. It helps them speak with farmers.

4. Why is English useful in hospitals and clinics for nutritionists?

A. To write cooking recipes

B. To work with health workers and understand medical documents

C. To create advertisements

D. To teach children

5. What is commonly written in English even in non-English-speaking countries?

A. Road signs

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B. Food labels

C. Menus in restaurants

D. Cooking books

6. What can nutritionists learn from food labels written in English?

A. How to cook faster

B. Names of new restaurants

C. Calories and ingredients

D. Fashion trends

7. How does attending international conferences help nutritionists?

A. They can buy food products.

B. They can meet celebrities.

C. They can learn and share knowledge.

D. They can travel for free.

8. What is one benefit of learning English for a nutrition career?

A. Learning new dance moves

B. Understanding TV shows

C. Better job opportunities and global learning

D. Watching cooking videos

9. What kind of materials are mostly in English for nutrition students?

A. Comics

B. Research articles and online courses

C. Travel brochures

D. Novels

10. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. English is only used in schools.

B. Nutrition is not important.

C. English helps nutritionists in many areas of their profession.

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D. Food packaging is more important than health

II. SPEAKING

You will practice for speaking. In pairs, you will have a conversation talking about English in
Nutrition. You can use the following scripts as example or you can create it by your self.

Example:

Title: Let’s Talk about Nutrition!

Characters:

Anna – the teacher

Ben – the student who loves junk food

Cindy – the student who knows about healthy eating

Anna: Good morning, class! Today we will talk about Nutrition! Do you know what nutrition
means?

Ben: Umm… Is it about eating food?

Cindy: Yes, Ben. But not just eating. Nutrition means eating the right food to stay healthy
and strong.

Anna: Excellent, Cindy! So, Ben, what did you eat for breakfast today?

Ben: I ate chocolate donuts and soda!

Cindy: Oh no, Ben! That’s not healthy!

Ben: But they’re so delicious!

Anna: Ben, it’s okay to enjoy snacks sometimes, but too much sugar can make you tired and
sick.

Cindy: That’s right. We need balanced nutrition—that means eating fruits, vegetables,
proteins, and whole grains.

Ben: Hmm... what should I eat for a healthy breakfast?

Cindy: You can try eggs, whole grain bread, and a glass of milk. Or fruit salad and yogurt!

Anna: And don’t forget water. Our bodies need water to stay hydrated.

Ben: Okay! I will try that tomorrow. But... can I still eat donuts?

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Cindy: Maybe once a week. Just remember—healthy food makes a healthy body!

III. READ A LOUD THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE. THEN, TRANSLATE IT

English has become a global language in many fields, including science, medicine, and
nutrition. As the field of nutrition expands worldwide, English is used more frequently for
communication, research, and collaboration. For students and professionals in nutrition,
learning English is not just helpful—it is essential for growth and success. Most scientific
articles, academic journals, and textbooks related to nutrition are written in English.
International databases such as PubMed, WHO reports, and nutrition guidelines are primarily
published in English. Understanding these materials allows students and professionals to stay
informed about the latest research and global developments in health and nutrition.

In practical settings, nutritionists often communicate with clients, patients, and

colleagues from different backgrounds. English often becomes the shared language, especially
in international hospitals, NGOs, or online consultations. Professionals must be able to explain
dietary plans, discuss medical conditions, and give advice using clear and correct English.
English is also critical for academic presentations and scientific discussions. Many
international conferences and journals require submissions in English. This means nutrition
students and researchers must be able to write abstracts, papers, and presentations in English
to share their findings and gain recognition in the global community.

Another important reason to learn English in nutrition is food labeling and packaging.
Many food products, especially imported ones, include nutritional information in English.
Terms like “low sodium,” “sugar-free,” or “high in fiber” are commonly used. Understanding
these labels helps nutritionists provide accurate guidance to clients and the public. In today’s
digital world, most educational resources in nutrition—such as online courses, podcasts, blogs,
and apps—are available in English. Being proficient in English allows learners to access a wide
range of content, follow global nutrition trends, and improve their knowledge continuously.

To effectively learn English in a nutrition context, students should focus on relevant

vocabulary, reading real-world nutrition texts, writing reports, and practicing conversations.
Engaging with authentic materials such as menus, food articles, and nutrition case studies can
make the learning process more meaningful and practical. In conclusion, English plays a vital
role in the field of nutrition. It connects professionals across countries, gives access to scientific
knowledge, and enhances communication with the wider world. By improving their English
skills, nutrition students can better prepare for their careers and contribute more effectively to
public health and wellness.

Answer The Following Questions Based On The Passage

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1. Why is English considered important in the field of nutrition?

2. How does English help nutrition students access scientific knowledge?

3. In what ways is English used in the professional setting for nutritionists?

4. Why is English important for participating in international conferences and publishing

research?

5. Explain how understanding English is useful when reading food labels.

6. What role does digital media play in the importance of English for nutrition learners?

7. Mention two strategies that nutrition students can use to improve their English in a
nutrition context.

8. Give an example of a communication situation in which a nutritionist needs to use English.

9. Why is it necessary for nutrition professionals to be familiar with English vocabulary in

their field?

10. Summarize the overall importance of English in the study and practice of nutrition

IV. VOCABULARY

Match the English words in Column A with their correct meanings in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Collaboration A. A summary of a research paper or article

2. Access B. Working together with others

3. Communication C. Global recognition for scientific work

4. Database D. A large collection of organized information

5. Label E. The process of sharing information or ideas

6. Abstract F. A piece of paper or sticker on a product

7. Proficient G. To be able to reach or use something

8. Presentation H. Skilled or good at doing something

9. Publication I. A formal talk or display of information

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 Column A Column B

10. Conference J. A formal meeting to share ideas or research

V. WRITING

Summarize the above passage in one or two paragraphs.

VI. LANGUAGE USAGE

GERUNDS: INTRODUCTION

A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun. A gerund is used in the same ways as a
noun—i.e., as a subject or as an object.

Examples:

(a) Playing tennis is fun.

• Playing is a gerund used as the subject of the sentence.

→ Playing tennis is a gerund phrase.

(b) We enjoy playing tennis.

• Playing is a gerund used as the object of the verb enjoy.

(c) He’s excited about playing tennis.

• Playing is a gerund used as the object of the preposition about.

Compare the uses of the -ing form of verbs:

1. Walking is good exercise.

→ Walking = a gerund used as the subject of the sentence.
2. Bob and Ann are playing tennis.
→ Playing = a present participle used as part of the present progressive tense.
3. I heard some surprising news.
→ Surprising = a present participle used as an adjective.

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 UNIT 2 BASIC NUTRITION

I. LISTENING

Answer the following questions based on the tape you hear!

1. What is the main purpose of nutrition?

A. To cook delicious food

B. To study diseases

C. To understand food and how it affects the body

D. To grow fruits and vegetables

2. What does good nutrition provide to the body?

A. Sugar and salt

B. Energy, growth, and protection from disease

C. Weight loss only

D. Extra fat

3. How many main types of nutrients are there?

A. Four

B. Five

C. Six

D. Eight

4. Which nutrient helps build and repair body tissues?

A. Fat

B. Carbohydrate

C. Protein

D. Water

5. What is the function of carbohydrates?

A. To build bones

B. To give energy

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C. To fight infections

D. To clean the body

6. What vitamin is good for eye health?

A. Vitamin C

B. Vitamin D

C. Vitamin A

D. Calcium

7. Which mineral makes bones strong?

A. Sodium

B. Iron

C. Calcium

D. Potassium

8. Why is water important for the body?

A. It builds muscles

B. It gives sugar

C. It helps carry nutrients and remove waste

D. It provides protein

9. What food groups should be included in a healthy diet?

A. Only vegetables and fruits

B. Fast food and sweets

C. Grains, fruits, vegetables, proteins, and dairy

D. Water and oil

10. What can happen if we eat too much sugar or fat?

A. We get more energy

B. We grow faster

C. We may have health problems like obesity or heart disease

D. We feel happier

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II. SPEAKING

You will practice for speaking. In pairs, you will have a conversation talking about Basic
Nutrition. You can use the following scripts as example or you can create it by your self.

Example:

Let’s Learn About Basic Nutrition”

Characters:

Teacher (Ms. Sarah)

Student 1 (Liam) – curious and eager to learn

Student 2 (Maya) – already knows about healthy food

Ms. Sarah: Good morning, class! Today, we are going to talk about Basic Nutrition. Who can
tell me what nutrition means?

Liam: Is it about eating food?

Ms. Sarah: Yes, Liam! Nutrition is about the food we eat and how it helps our body grow and
stay healthy.

Maya: And we need different types of food to get different nutrients, right?

Ms. Sarah: That’s correct, Maya! There are five main food groups we need every day. Do
you know them?

Liam: Umm… maybe fruits and vegetables?

Ms. Sarah: Very good! That’s two of them. The others are grains, protein, and dairy.

Maya: Like rice for grains, chicken for protein, and milk for dairy?

Ms. Sarah: Exactly! Now, let’s talk about why these foods are important. Liam, why do we
eat fruits and vegetables?

Liam: To get vitamins?

Ms. Sarah: Yes! They give us vitamins and minerals to keep us strong and help fight
sickness.

Maya: And grains like rice or bread give us energy!

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Ms. Sarah: That’s right! Protein helps build muscles, and dairy makes our bones strong.

Liam: So if I eat pizza and soda every day, is that healthy?

Ms. Sarah: (laughs) No, Liam. That’s called junk food. It's okay sometimes, but not every
day.

Maya: We should eat more healthy food like vegetables, eggs, and fruit.

Ms. Sarah: Well said, Maya! So, class, remember:

A balanced diet helps you grow, gives you energy, and keeps you healthy.

III. READ A LOUD THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE. THEN, TRANSLATE IT

Nutrition is the science of how food affects the body. It focuses on how the body uses
nutrients from food to grow, stay healthy, and function properly. Good nutrition is essential for
energy, development, and disease prevention. Everyone, from children to the elderly, needs
proper nutrition to live a healthy life. There are six main types of nutrients that the body needs:
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Each nutrient plays a unique role
in maintaining health. A balanced diet contains the right amount of each nutrient to support the
body’s needs.

Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy. Foods like rice, bread, pasta, and
fruits provide carbohydrates. They help fuel physical activity and brain function. Without
enough carbohydrates, the body can feel tired and weak. Proteins are needed for growth, repair,
and maintenance of body tissues. They are found in foods such as eggs, chicken, fish, nuts, and
beans. Proteins are especially important for children, athletes, and people recovering from
illness.

Fats provide energy and support cell function. They also help the body absorb vitamins.
Healthy fats, such as those from avocados, nuts, and olive oil, are beneficial when eaten in
moderation. However, too much saturated or trans fat can lead to health problems. Vitamins
and minerals are micronutrients that the body needs in small amounts. Vitamins like A, C, and
D help boost the immune system, support vision, and strengthen bones. Minerals such as
calcium and iron are vital for strong bones and healthy blood.

Water is often overlooked, but it is a critical part of nutrition. It helps transport nutrients,
regulate body temperature, and remove waste. Drinking enough clean water every day is
essential for overall health. In conclusion, basic nutrition is about understanding the types of
nutrients our bodies need and how to get them from a balanced diet. By making healthy food
choices and drinking enough water, we can improve our health, prevent disease, and feel our
best every day.

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Answer The Following Questions Based On The Passage

1. What is nutrition and why is it important for the human body?

2. Name the six main nutrients the body needs and explain why they are important.

3. What are carbohydrates and what role do they play in the body?

4. Describe the function of proteins and give examples of protein-rich foods.

5. What are fats used for in the body, and which types of fats are considered healthy?

6. Explain the roles of vitamins and minerals in maintaining health.

7. Why is water considered an important part of nutrition?

8. What can happen if a person does not consume enough carbohydrates or proteins?

9. What does a balanced diet mean based on the passage?

10. How can good nutrition help in preventing diseases?

IV. VOCABULARY

Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Nutrition A. Needed by the body in small amounts for good health

2.
B. The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health
Carbohydrates

C. A waxy substance in blood, needed in small amounts but harmful in

3. Proteins
excess

4. Fats D. Organic compounds that help regulate body functions

5. Vitamins E. Foods that provide the body’s main source of energy

F. Essential substances that come from the earth and help the body
6. Minerals
function

7. Water G. Compounds that build and repair body tissues

8. Balanced diet H. Eating the right types and amounts of food

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 Column A Column B

9. Hydration I. Maintaining the body’s fluid balance

10. Energy J. Power the body uses to perform physical and mental tasks

V. WRITING

Summarize the above passage in one or two paragraphs.

VI. LANGUAGE USAGE

USING GERUNDS AS THE OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS

A gerund is frequently used as the object of a preposition.

Examples:

• (a) We talked about going to Canada for our vacation.

• (b) Sue is in charge of organizing the meeting.
• (c) I’m interested in learning more about your work.

Note:

• In examples (d) through (g), to is a preposition, not part of an infinitive form.

Therefore, it is followed by a gerund, not the base form of a verb.
• (d) I’m used to sleeping with the window open.
• (e) I’m accustomed to sleeping with the window open.
(In British English: I’m accustomed to sleep with the window open.)
• (f) I look forward to going home next month.
• (g) They object to changing their plans at this late date.
• (h) We talked about not going to the meeting, but finally decided we should go.
→ Negative form: not precedes the gerund.

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EXERCISE 1

Directions: Without referring to Chart 14-3, see how many of the preposition combinations
you already know by completing these sentences with the appropriate preposition and verb
(gerund) form.

1. Alice isn’t interested in (look) → looking for a new job.

2. Henry is excited _______ (leave) _______ for India.
3. You are capable _______ (do) _______ better work.
4. I have no excuse _______ (be) _______ late.
5. I’m accustomed _______ (have) _______ a big breakfast.
6. The rain prevented us _______ (complete) _______ the work.

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 UNIT 3 FOOD GROUPS AND BALANCED DIET

I. LISTENING

Answer the following questions based on the tape you hear!

1. What is a balanced diet?

A. Eating only fruits and vegetables

B. Eating the same food every day

C. Eating the right amounts of different types of food

D. Eating three meals a day

2. How many main food groups are mentioned in the passage?

A. Three

B. Four

C. Five

D. Six

3. What do grains mainly provide for the body?

A. Protein

B. Calcium

C. Carbohydrates for energy

D. Vitamins

4. Which foods belong to the vegetable and fruit group?

A. Milk and cheese

B. Chicken and fish

C. Apples and carrots

D. Bread and pasta

5. Why are vegetables and fruits important?

A. They give protein

B. They provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber

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C. They help the body grow taller

D. They contain calcium

6. What is the main role of protein in the body?

A. To provide fiber

B. To give energy only

C. To build muscles and repair tissues

D. To make bones strong

7. Which food group gives calcium and vitamin D?

A. Protein group

B. Fruit group

C. Grain group

D. Dairy group

8. Why should we eat a variety of foods?

A. To eat faster

B. Because one food group has all the nutrients

C. Because the body needs many kinds of nutrients

D. Because it’s cheaper

9. What happens if we eat too much food, even if it is healthy?

A. We feel tired

B. We may lose weight

C. We may gain weight

D. Nothing happens

10. What is one benefit of a balanced diet mentioned in the passage?

A. It makes food taste better

B. It helps the body grow and stay healthy

C. It helps us sleep longer

D. It keeps us full all day.

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II. SPEAKING

You will practice for speaking. In pairs, you will have a conversation talking about Food
Groups and Balanced Diet. You can use the following scripts as example or you can create it
by your self.

Example:

Food Groups and Balanced Diet”

Characters:

Alex – the curious one

Nina – the health-conscious friend

Sam – loves food but needs to learn more

[Scene: School cafeteria, lunchtime. Students are sitting at the table with lunchboxes.]

Alex: Hey guys, do you know what I learned in health class today?

Nina: Let me guess — something about food?

Alex: Yes! We learned about food groups and balanced diet. It was really interesting!

Sam: I only know one food group: pizza!

Nina: (laughs) Pizza is delicious, Sam, but that’s not a food group.

Alex: There are five main food groups: fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy.

Sam: Wait, so where does pizza go?

Nina: Well, pizza has grains in the crust, dairy in the cheese, and maybe vegetables if you add
some.

Alex: But eating only pizza is not a balanced diet. We need all food groups every day.

Sam: What’s a balanced diet, exactly?

Nina: A balanced diet means eating the right amount of food from each food group to stay
healthy and strong.

Alex: Like eating fruit for vitamins, vegetables for fiber, grains for energy, protein for
muscles, and dairy for strong bones!

Sam: Okay… I had cereal with milk this morning. Is that balanced?

Nina: It’s a good start! Cereal is grains, milk is dairy. But did you eat any fruit?

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Sam: Nope. Just cereal.

Alex: Next time, try adding banana slices. That would be better!

Sam: Hmm, sounds yummy. So, if I eat a burger, drink soda, and skip vegetables—bad idea?

Nina: Very bad idea. Junk food has too much sugar and fat. We can eat it sometimes, but not
every day.

Alex: Remember, your plate should be colorful – like red tomatoes, green broccoli, orange
carrots!

Sam: Okay, okay, I get it now. From today, I’ll try to eat a balanced meal. Maybe just one
slice of pizza... and a salad!

III. READ A LOUD THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE. THEN, TRANSLATE IT

A balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health and preventing disease. It
provides the body with the right amount of energy and nutrients it needs to function properly.
To achieve a balanced diet, it is important to understand the different food groups and how they
contribute to our overall well-being. There are five main food groups: carbohydrates, proteins,
fats, fruits and vegetables, and dairy. Each group plays a specific role in supporting the body’s
health. Including a variety of foods from all groups ensures that we receive all the necessary
nutrients.

Carbohydrates are the body’s primary source of energy. Foods like rice, bread, pasta,
potatoes, and cereals are rich in carbohydrates. These foods give us the fuel we need to perform
daily activities, from walking and studying to exercising. Proteins are essential for building and
repairing tissues. They help in muscle development and support the immune system. Good
sources of protein include meat, eggs, fish, tofu, beans, and legumes. Children, teenagers, and
people recovering from illness especially need enough protein in their diets.

Fats are also important for the body, even though many people think they should be
avoided. Healthy fats help the body absorb certain vitamins and support brain function. Foods
like avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil contain good fats. However, too much saturated or
trans fat—found in fried and processed foods—can be harmful. Fruits and vegetables are rich
in vitamins, minerals, and fiber. They help protect the body against illness and keep the
digestive system working smoothly. Nutrition experts recommend eating a variety of colorful
fruits and vegetables every day for maximum health benefits.

Dairy products, such as milk, cheese, and yogurt, are important sources of calcium and
vitamin D. These nutrients support strong bones and teeth. For people who are lactose
intolerant, alternatives like soy milk or almond milk can also provide similar benefits. In
conclusion, a balanced diet includes the right proportions of all food groups. No single food

17
can provide everything the body needs, so eating a variety is key. By choosing healthy options
from each group, people of all ages can maintain their energy, support growth, and reduce the
risk of disease.

Answer The Following Questions Based On The Passage

1. What is a balanced diet and why is it important for the body?

2. List the five main food groups and describe their general functions.

3. Why are carbohydrates important, and which foods are rich in carbohydrates?

4. What are the benefits of protein in the body? Give examples of protein-rich foods.

5. How do healthy fats support the body, and what are examples of healthy fats?

6. What is the role of fruits and vegetables in a balanced diet?

7. Why are dairy products important, and what nutrients do they provide?

8. What should people who are lactose intolerant consume instead of regular dairy?

9. Why is it necessary to eat a variety of foods from different food groups?

10. How can poor food choices, such as eating too much saturated fat, affect health?

IV. VOCABULARY

Match the words in Column A with the correct meanings in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Balanced diet A. Nutrients found in food that give the body energy

2. Carbohydrates B. A healthy eating plan with all food groups in the right amounts

3. Protein C. Substances in food that help the body grow and repair itself

4. Fats D. Foods like milk and cheese that provide calcium

5. Vitamins E. Nutrients that support body functions and boost immunity

6. Minerals F. Natural substances like calcium and iron that help the body work

7. Dairy G. Eating too much of this fat can lead to health problems

8. Saturated fat H. Substances that help absorb vitamins and support brain health

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 Column A Column B

9. Fiber I. A part of fruits and vegetables that helps digestion

10. Variety J. Including different types of food to get all nutrients

V. WRITING

Summarize the above passage in one or two paragraphs.

VI. LANGUAGE USAGE

COMMON PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS

These expressions use gerunds (verb + -ing) after specific preposition combinations.

about doing it

• be excited
• be worried

about / of doing it

• complain
• dream
• talk
• think

for doing it

• apologize
• blame (someone)
• forgive (someone)
• have an excuse
• have a reason
• be responsible
• thank (someone)

from doing it

• keep (someone)
• prevent (someone)
• prohibit (someone)
• stop (someone)

in doing it

• believe

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 • be interested
• participate
• succeed

of doing it

• be accused
• be capable
• for the purpose
• be guilty
• instead
• take advantage
• take care
• be tired

on doing it

• insist

to doing it

• be accustomed
• in addition
• be committed
• be devoted
• look forward
• object
• be opposed
• be used

Here are 5 example sentences using common preposition + gerund combinations

1. She is excited about starting her new job next week.

→ (be excited about + gerund)
2. They apologized for being late to the meeting.
→ (apologize for + gerund)
3. We prevented them from entering the restricted area.
→ (prevent (someone) from + gerund)
4. He succeeded in solving the difficult math problem.
→ (succeed in + gerund)
5. I’m looking forward to meeting you tomorrow.
→ (look forward to + gerund)

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Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions

Directions: Using the words in parentheses, complete the sentences with a preposition and
the correct gerund form of the verb.

1. Kostas went to bed instead of finishing his work. (finish)

2. I thanked my friend _____________________________. (lend)
3. I’m excited _____________________________. (go)
4. I’m not accustomed _____________________________. (live)
5. Omar didn’t feel good. He complained _____________________________. (have)
6. I don’t blame you _____________________________. (want, not)
7. I have a good reason _____________________________. (be)
8. It’s getting late. I’m worried _____________________________. (miss)
9. I’m interested _____________________________. (find out about)
10. I’m thinking _____________________________. (go)
11. I apologized to my friend _____________________________. (be)
12. I am/am not used _____________________________. (drive)
13. Nothing can stop me _____________________________. (go)
14. In that office, who is responsible _____________________________. (take care of)
15. I look forward _____________________________. (go)

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 UNIT 4 NUTRIENTS: CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEIN, AND FATS

I. LISTENING

Answer the following questions based on the tape you hear!

1. What are carbohydrates, protein, and fats called together?

A. Micronutrients

B. Supplements

C. Macronutrients

D. Minerals

2. What is the main role of carbohydrates in the body?

A. Build muscles

B. Provide energy

C. Protect the skin

D. Help digestion

3. Which of the following is a food high in carbohydrates?

A. Chicken

B. Bread

C. Cheese

D. Eggs

4. What type of carbohydrate gives long-lasting energy and is healthier?

A. Simple carbohydrates

B. Sugars

C. Complex carbohydrates

D. Processed carbohydrates

5. What is the function of protein in the body?

A. Gives quick energy only

B. Helps absorb vitamins

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C. Builds and repairs body tissues

D. Cleans the stomach

6. Who especially needs more protein?

A. Children, teenagers, and sick people

B. Only athletes

C. Elderly people only

D. Everyone under 10

7. Which of the following is a good source of protein?

A. Bread

B. Avocados

C. Fish

D. Sugar

8. What do fats help the body do?

A. Grow taller

B. Absorb vitamins and protect organs

C. Fight infections

D. Sleep better

9. What kind of fats should we avoid?

A. Natural fats from nuts

B. Trans fats in fried and processed foods

C. Fats from olive oil

D. Healthy fats from avocados

10. What happens if we eat too much of one nutrient and not enough of another?

A. We become stronger

B. We feel full faster

C. It can cause health problems

D. It helps weight loss.

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II. SPEAKING

You will practice for speaking. In pairs, you will have a conversation talking about Nutrients:
Carbohydrates, Protein, and Fats. You can use the following scripts as example or you can
create it by your self.

Example:

Carbohydrates, Protein, and Fats

Characters:

Emma – the science-lover

Liam – loves food, always hungry

Sophie – curious and asks a lot of questions

[Scene: A classroom during lunch break. The three students are sitting together with their
lunchboxes.]

Sophie: Hey guys, I heard we’re going to learn about nutrients in science tomorrow. Do you
know anything about them?

Emma: Of course! Nutrients are what our bodies need to grow and stay healthy. The three
main ones are carbohydrates, protein, and fats.

Liam: (eating a sandwich) Wait, this sandwich… does it have nutrients?

Emma: Absolutely! The bread gives you carbohydrates, the chicken gives you protein, and if
you added mayonnaise or cheese, that’s fat.

Sophie: Okay, okay. So what exactly do carbohydrates do?

Emma: Carbohydrates give us energy. They’re like fuel for our bodies. Foods like rice, bread,
pasta, and potatoes are full of carbs.

Liam: No wonder I feel sleepy when I skip lunch. I need my carbs!

Sophie: And what about protein?

Emma: Protein helps build and repair muscles, bones, and skin. You can get it from meat,
fish, eggs, tofu, beans, and even milk.

Liam: (flexing arms) So if I want muscles like a superhero, I should eat more protein?

24
Emma: (laughs) Exactly, but don’t forget to balance it.

Sophie: Now the tricky one — fats. Aren’t they bad?

Emma: Not always. Our bodies need healthy fats to stay warm and absorb vitamins. Nuts,
avocados, and olive oil have good fats. But too much junk food fat — like from fries
and chips — is unhealthy.

Liam: Oops… I had fries yesterday and today.

Sophie: So the key is balance, right?

Emma: Yes! We need all three — carbs for energy, protein for growth, and fats for warmth
and vitamins. But not too much of any.

Liam: Got it! From now on, I’m eating smarter — with the right mix of carbs, protein, and
fats!

Sophie: Me too! Nutrition is actually cool. Thanks, Emma!

Emma: Anytime! Let's eat smart and stay strong!

III. READ A LOUD THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE. THEN, TRANSLATE IT

Our bodies need different nutrients to stay healthy and function properly. Among these,
the three main macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These nutrients provide the
energy and materials needed for growth, repair, and everyday activity. Each one plays a unique
and important role in our diet. Carbohydrates are the body’s primary source of energy. They
are found in foods like rice, bread, pasta, cereals, potatoes, fruits, and vegetables. When we eat
carbohydrates, the body breaks them down into glucose, which fuels our brain, muscles, and
organs. Without enough carbohydrates, people may feel tired or weak.

There are two types of carbohydrates: simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates are
found in sugary foods like candy and soft drinks. They provide quick energy but are not very
nutritious. Complex carbohydrates, like whole grains, beans, and vegetables, release energy
more slowly and contain more fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Proteins are essential for building
and repairing body tissues. They help form muscles, skin, enzymes, and hormones. Protein is
especially important during growth periods, illness recovery, and after physical activity. Foods
rich in protein include eggs, meat, fish, tofu, dairy products, legumes, and nuts.

The body does not store protein the same way it stores carbohydrates and fats, so we need
to eat protein regularly. Without enough protein, our muscles can weaken, and the immune
system may become less effective. A balanced intake helps the body stay strong and function
correctly. Fats are often misunderstood but are also vital to our health. They provide energy,
help absorb fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), and support brain and cell functions. Healthy

25
fats are found in avocados, nuts, seeds, fish, and olive oil. These should be part of a balanced
diet.

However, not all fats are good. Saturated fats (found in butter, fatty meats) and trans fats
(found in many fried or processed foods) can raise cholesterol levels and increase the risk of
heart disease if eaten in excess. It is important to choose healthy fats and eat them in
moderation. In conclusion, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are essential for good health. They
work together to provide energy, build and repair the body, and support many important
functions. Understanding the types and sources of these nutrients can help us make healthier
food choices every day.

Answer The Following Questions Based On The Passage

1. What are the three main macronutrients and why are they important?

2. What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?

3. Explain the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates, with examples.

4. Why are proteins important for the human body?

5. Give three examples of protein-rich foods and explain when protein is especially
needed.

6. What happens to the body when it lacks enough protein?

7. What are the functions of fats in the body?

8. What is the difference between healthy fats and unhealthy fats?

9. Give examples of foods that contain healthy fats and unhealthy fats.

10. Why is it important to understand the role of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in our
diet?

IV. VOCABULARY

Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Nutrient A. A substance that gives quick but short-lasting energy

2. Glucose B. A substance in food that helps build and repair body tissues

3. Macronutrient C. A type of fat that increases the risk of heart disease

4. Simple carbohydrate D. A basic sugar that provides energy for the body

26
 Column A Column B

5. Complex E. A substance the body needs in large amounts for energy and
carbohydrate function

6. Protein F. A food type that releases energy slowly and contains fiber

G. A substance in food that helps the body work, grow, or stay

7. Tissue
healthy

8. Fat-soluble vitamin H. A body part made of cells that form muscles, skin, or organs

I. A vitamin that needs fat to be absorbed in the body (like vitamins

9. Trans fat
A, D)

10. Enzyme J. A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body

V. WRITING

Summarize the above passage in one or two paragraphs.

VI. LANGUAGE USAGE

COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS

Structure:

verb + gerund
Example:
(a) I enjoy playing tennis.
→ Enjoy is followed by a gerund (playing).
→ INCORRECT: I enjoy to play tennis.

Important Notes:

• Gerunds are used as the objects of certain verbs.

• Common verbs that are followed by gerunds include:

VERB + GERUND List:

27
 • enjoy
• appreciate
• mind
• quit (give up)
• finish (get through)
• stop*
• avoid
• postpone (put off)
• delay
• keep (keep on)
• consider
• discuss
• mention
• suggest

* A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a particle (such as a preposition) that creates a
special meaning. Example: put off = postpone.
** Stop can also be followed by an infinitive of purpose. Example: I stopped to talk to him.

Compare These Examples:

1. stop + gerund
When the professor entered the room, the students stopped talking.
→ The room became quiet.
2. stop + infinitive of purpose
I stopped walking in order to talk to him.

EXERCISE 5: Verbs Followed by Gerunds (Chart 14-4)

Directions: Create sentences using the given words, any tense, and any subject. Work in
pairs, in groups, or as a class.

Example:

28
 • Cue: enjoy + read the newspaper
• Speaker A (book open): "enjoy" (pause) "read the newspaper"
• Speaker B (book closed): I enjoy reading the newspaper every morning while I’m
having my first cup of coffee.

Exercise List:

1. enjoy + watch TV
2. mind + open the window
3. quit + eat desserts
4. give up + eat desserts
5. finish + eat dinner
6. get through + eat dinner
7. stop + rain
8. avoid + answer my question
9. postpone + do my work
10. put off + do my work
11. delay + leave on vacation
12. keep + work
13. keep on + work
14. consider + get a job
15. think about + get a job
16. discuss + go to a movie
17. talk about + go to a movie
18. mention + go to a concert
19. suggest + go on a picnic
20. enjoy + listen to music

29
 UNIT 5 VITAMINS AND MINERALS

I. LISTENING

Answer the following questions based on the tape you hear!

1. Why is reading food labels important?

A. To find cooking tips

B. To choose healthier foods

C. To compare prices

D. To choose colorful packages

2. What does the Nutrition Facts Panel show?

A. Recipes

B. Expiry date

C. Nutrients, serving size, and calories

D. Cooking temperature

3. What does "% Daily Value" tell us?

A. The price of the food

B. The size of the package

C. How much of each nutrient we get in a day

D. How much sugar is in the entire store

4. Where are ingredients listed on food labels?

A. From smallest to largest

B. From newest to oldest

C. In alphabetical order

D. From largest to smallest amount

5. What does it mean if sugar is one of the first ingredients?

A. The product is sugar-free

B. It has a small amount of sugar

30
C. It contains a lot of sugar

D. It is sugar flavored

6. What is a good sign of a healthy product?

A. Bright packaging

B. Long ingredient list

C. Simple, natural ingredients

D. High sugar content

7. How can food labels help people with allergies?

A. By listing allergens clearly

B. By offering recipes

C. By hiding the ingredients

D. By showing how to cook

8. Which of the following may appear on a label?

A. "High fat"

B. "No added sugar"

C. "All you can eat"

D. "Homemade by grandma"

9. Why should you read the full label, not just the front?

A. The front has jokes

B. The back has cooking instructions

C. The front may be misleading

D. The full label is in color

10. What is one benefit of understanding food labels?

A. Saves electricity

B. Helps make better food choices

C. Helps learn new languages

D. Makes food tastier

31
II. SPEAKING

You will practice for speaking. In pairs, you will have a conversation talking about Vitamins
and Minerals. You can use the following scripts as example or you can create it by your self.

Example:

Vitamins and Minerals — Superheroes of the Body!"

Characters:

Alex – likes superheroes, very excited

Bella – smart and loves science

Chris – asks many questions

[Scene: School canteen during break time. The three students are eating snacks.]

Alex: Hey Bella, I saw on TV that vitamins and minerals are like superheroes in our body. Is
that true?

Bella: Yes, it’s true! They help us stay strong and healthy, just like real superheroes!

Chris: Hmm, I know about Vitamin C… but what do other vitamins do?

Bella: Great question! Let me tell you:

Vitamin A helps your eyes see better, especially at night.

Vitamin C helps your body fight sickness.

Vitamin D makes your bones strong, especially when you get sunlight.

Alex: Whoa! So sunlight gives us Vitamin D? That’s cool!

Chris: What about minerals? Are they superheroes too?

Bella: Of course!

Calcium is a mineral that helps you build strong bones and teeth. Iron helps your blood carry
oxygen. Without enough iron, you feel tired all the time.

Alex: So if I eat spinach, I become like Iron Man?

Bella: (laughs) Sort of! Spinach has iron, and that helps your energy. But no flying suit, sorry!

32
Chris: Where can we get all these vitamins and minerals?

Bella: From fruits, vegetables, milk, eggs, fish, nuts, and even sunlight! Each food gives
different vitamins and minerals.

Alex: So my orange gives me Vitamin C, my milk gives me calcium, and playing outside gives
me Vitamin D?

Bella: Exactly! You’re learning fast!

Chris: Thanks, Bella! I guess I need to eat more healthy food to be strong like a superhero.

Alex: Me too! No more skipping veggies. I want my superpowers!

III. READ A LOUD THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE. THEN, TRANSLATE IT

Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients that the body needs to function
properly. Unlike carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are needed in large amounts, vitamins
and minerals are required in small quantities. However, they are just as important for
maintaining good health and preventing disease. Vitamins are organic substances found in plant
and animal foods. Each vitamin has a specific role in the body. For example, Vitamin A
supports eye health and immune function, while Vitamin C helps heal wounds and supports
the immune system. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and maintain strong bones.

Vitamins are divided into two groups: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Fat-soluble
vitamins, such as A, D, E, and K, are stored in the body’s fat tissues and liver. They can be
used when the body needs them. Water-soluble vitamins, like Vitamin C and the B vitamins,
are not stored in the body and must be consumed regularly. Minerals are inorganic elements
that come from the earth and are absorbed by plants or consumed by animals. Like vitamins,
minerals have specific roles. Calcium is essential for building bones and teeth, iron helps carry
oxygen in the blood, and zinc supports wound healing and immune function.

Both vitamins and minerals work together to support the body’s systems. A lack of
certain vitamins or minerals can lead to deficiencies. For instance, a lack of Vitamin C can
cause scurvy, while iron deficiency can result in anemia. These conditions can lead to fatigue,
weakness, and poor health. The best way to get enough vitamins and minerals is through a
balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, meat, and legumes. Different
foods contain different nutrients, so eating a variety of foods helps ensure the body gets
everything it needs.

Some people may take supplements if their diet does not provide enough nutrients.
However, getting nutrients from whole foods is generally better, as foods also contain fiber and
other beneficial substances. Supplements should only be used with professional advice,
especially for children, pregnant women, or people with health conditions. In conclusion,
vitamins and minerals may be needed in small amounts, but their impact on health is great.

33
They support growth, healing, and disease prevention. By choosing a nutritious, balanced diet,
people can make sure they get the micronutrients their bodies need to stay strong and healthy

Answer The Following Questions Based On The Passage

1. What are vitamins and minerals, and how do they differ from macronutrients?

2. Why are vitamins and minerals important for the human body?

3. Give two examples of vitamins and explain their functions.

4. What is the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins? Provide examples.

5. What are minerals, and how are they obtained by humans?

6. Name three important minerals and explain their roles in the body.

7. What can happen if the body does not get enough vitamins or minerals? Give examples.

8. How can people ensure they get enough vitamins and minerals in their diet?

9. When might someone need to take vitamin or mineral supplements?

10. Why is it better to get nutrients from whole foods rather than supplements?

IV. VOCABULARY

Match the words in Column A with their correct meanings in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Micronutrient A. Nutrients stored in body fat, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K

2. Deficiency B. A condition caused by not getting enough of a nutrient

3. Immune system C. Nutrients needed in small amounts for normal body functions

4. Fat-soluble D. The body’s defense system against illness and infections

E. Found in fruits and vegetables, these dissolve in water and must be

5. Water-soluble
taken regularly

6. Supplement F. Extra vitamins or minerals taken to support the diet

7. Calcium G. A mineral that helps build strong bones and teeth

8. Iron H. A mineral that helps carry oxygen in red blood cells

9. Balanced diet I. Eating a variety of foods to get all essential nutrients

34
 Column A Column B

10. Organic J. Related to natural substances from plants or animals

V. WRITING

Summarize the above passage in one or two paragraphs.

VI. LANGUAGE USAGE

Special Expressions Followed By -Ing

Certain special expressions are followed by the -ing form of verbs. Below are examples and
patterns:

1. Expressions with “have”

Examples:

• (a) We had fun playing volleyball.

• We had a good time playing volleyball.

Pattern:
→ have fun / a good time + -ing
→ have trouble / difficulty + -ing
→ have a hard time / difficult time + -ing

Examples:

• (b) I had trouble finding his house.

• I had difficulty / a hard time / a difficult time finding his house.

2. Expressions with “spend” and “waste”

Examples:

• (c) Sam spends most of his time studying.

35
 • (d) I waste a lot of time watching TV.

Pattern:
→ spend + expression of time/money + -ing
→ waste + expression of time/money + -ing

3. Expressions with “sit,” “stand,” and “lie”

Examples:

• (e) She sat at her desk writing a letter.

• (f) I stood there wondering what to do next.
• (g) He is lying in bed reading a novel.

Pattern:
→ sit / stand / lie + expression of place + -ing

4. Expressions with “find” and “catch”

Examples:

• (h) When I walked into my office, I found George using my telephone.

• (i) When I walked into my office, I caught a thief looking through my desk drawers.

Pattern:
→ find + (pro)noun + -ing
→ catch + (pro)noun + -ing

Note:

• In (h) and (i), both find and catch mean “discover.”

• Catch often expresses anger or disapproval.

EXERCISE : Special Expressions Followed by -ING

Directions: Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb with -ing.

1. We had a lot of fun playing games at the picnic.

36
2. I have trouble ___________________________ Mrs. Maxwell when she speaks. She
talks too fast. (understand)
3. I spent five hours ___________________________ my homework last night. (do)
4. Olga is standing at the corner ___________________________ for the bus. (wait)
5. Ricardo is sitting in class ___________________________ notes. (take)
6. It was a beautiful spring day. Dorothy was lying under a tree
___________________________ to the birds sing. (listen)
7. We wasted our money ___________________________ to that movie. It was very
boring. (go)
8. Omar spent all day ___________________________ ready to leave on vacation. (get)
9. Ted is an indecisive person. He has a hard time ___________________________ up
his mind about anything. (make)
10. I wondered what the children were doing while I was gone. When I got home, I found
them ___________________________ TV. (watch)

37
 UNIT 6 READING FOOD LABELS

I. LISTENING

1. Answer the following questions based on the tape you hear!

1. Why is reading food labels important?

A. To find cooking tips

B. To choose healthier foods

C. To compare prices

D. To choose colorful packages

2. What does the Nutrition Facts Panel show?

A. Recipes

B. Expiry date

C. Nutrients, serving size, and calories

D. Cooking temperature

3. What does "% Daily Value" tell us?

A. The price of the food

B. The size of the package

C. How much of each nutrient we get in a day

D. How much sugar is in the entire store

4. Where are ingredients listed on food labels?

A. From smallest to largest

B. From newest to oldest

C. In alphabetical order

D. From largest to smallest amount

5. What does it mean if sugar is one of the first ingredients?

A. The product is sugar-free

B. It has a small amount of sugar

38
C. It contains a lot of sugar

D. It is sugar flavored

6. What is a good sign of a healthy product?

A. Bright packaging

B. Long ingredient list

C. Simple, natural ingredients

D. High sugar content

7. How can food labels help people with allergies?

A. By listing allergens clearly

B. By offering recipes

C. By hiding the ingredients

D. By showing how to cook

8. Which of the following may appear on a label?

A. "High fat"

B. "No added sugar"

C. "All you can eat"

D. "Homemade by grandma"

9. Why should you read the full label, not just the front?

A. The front has jokes

B. The back has cooking instructions

C. The front may be misleading

D. The full label is in color

10. What is one benefit of understanding food labels?

A. Saves electricity

B. Helps make better food choices

C. Helps learn new languages

D. Makes food tastier

39
II. SPEAKING

You will practice for speaking. In pairs, you will have a conversation talking about Reading
Food Labels. You can use the following scripts as example or you can create it by your self.

Example:

Reading Food Labels

Characters:

Emma – very health-conscious

Liam – likes snacks, doesn’t read labels

Sofia – curious and wants to learn

[Scene: Supermarket snack aisle. Emma, Liam, and Sofia are choosing snacks.]

Emma: Hey guys, before we buy anything, let’s read the food labels first!

Liam: Food labels? Why bother? I just choose what looks yummy!

Sofia: I’ve heard food labels are important. But… I don’t really know how to read them.

Emma: That’s okay! I’ll teach you. See this label on the back? It shows us what’s inside the
food — like calories, sugar, fat, and nutrients.

Liam: Wait, what’s a calorie again?

Emma: Calories tell us how much energy the food gives. If we eat too many and don’t move
much, we might gain weight.

Sofia: Oh! So this bag of chips has 250 calories per serving. And it says 2 servings per bag.
That’s 500 if I eat the whole thing!

Emma: Exactly! And look here — it also shows sugar and fat content.

This chocolate bar has 20 grams of sugar. That’s a lot!

Liam: Yikes! I didn’t know sugar could be that high.

Sofia: What about this yogurt? It says “low fat” on the front.

Emma: Good catch! Sometimes the front is just for advertising. Always check the nutrition
facts on the back to be sure.

Liam: And what’s this? “Ingredients: milk, sugar, artificial flavor…”

40
Emma: Ingredients list shows what the product is made of. The first ingredient is the main
one. So if “sugar” is first, it’s mostly sugar!

Sofia: Wow, I never knew food labels could tell us so much.

Liam: I guess I should check the label before eating a whole bag of chips again!

Emma: Yes! Reading food labels helps us make healthy choices. Let’s find snacks that are
low in sugar and have real ingredients.

Sofia: Let’s go check out the granola bars next. I want one that’s healthy and tasty!

Liam: Me too. Healthy snacks, here we come!

III. READ A LOUD THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE. THEN, TRANSLATE IT

Reading food labels is an important skill for making healthy food choices. Food labels
provide key information about what is inside a product, including its ingredients and nutritional
value. By understanding food labels, people can compare products, manage their diets, and
avoid harmful substances. The nutrition facts panel is the most important part of the food label.
It usually lists the serving size, calories, and amounts of nutrients like fat, carbohydrates,
protein, vitamins, and minerals. This information helps consumers know how much of each
nutrient they are eating in a single serving.

Serving size is the first thing listed and shows how much of the product is considered one
portion. All other information on the label is based on this amount. It’s important to remember
that a package may contain more than one serving, so eating more means consuming more
calories and nutrients than listed. Next, the label shows the number of calories per serving.
Calories measure how much energy the food provides. People who want to lose weight or
maintain their weight often use calorie information to manage their daily intake.

Food labels also list macronutrients such as fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol,
sodium, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, sugars, and protein. Understanding these nutrients
can help people reduce unhealthy fats and added sugars while increasing fiber and protein
intake for better health.Many food labels include percent daily values (%DV). These numbers
show how much of each nutrient is in one serving based on a 2,000-calorie diet. For example,
if a food has 20% DV of calcium, it provides 20% of the calcium a person needs each day. A
general rule is that 5% DV or less is low, and 20% DV or more is high.

The ingredients list shows all the ingredients used in the product, listed in order from
highest to lowest by weight. People with allergies or special diets can use this section to avoid
certain foods like gluten, dairy, or added sugars. It's also a good way to spot artificial additives
or preservatives. In conclusion, food labels give important information that helps people make
healthier choices. By learning how to read them carefully, individuals can better control what

41
they eat, meet their nutritional needs, and maintain a balanced diet. Reading food labels is a
simple but powerful step toward better health.

Answer The Following Questions Based On The Passage

1. Why is reading food labels considered important for health?

2. What kind of information is usually found on the nutrition facts panel?

3. How does the serving size affect the interpretation of food label information?

4. Why is it important to pay attention to the number of calories per serving?

5. What macronutrients are commonly listed on food labels?

6. Explain the purpose of Percent Daily Values (%DV) on food labels.

7. How can someone use %DV to judge if a food is high or low in a nutrient?

8. What can be learned from the ingredients list, and why is the order of ingredients
important?

9. How can people with allergies or special diets benefit from reading food labels?

10. Summarize how understanding food labels can help people make healthier dietary
choices.

IV. VOCABULARY

Match the words in Column A with their correct meanings in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Nutrition facts panel A. The number of energy units provided by food

2. Serving size B. Ingredients listed from most to least by weight

3. Calories C. A chart on food packaging showing nutritional information

D. A type of nutrient the body needs in large amounts, such as

4. Macronutrient
protein

E. A guide that shows how much a nutrient in a serving fits into a

5. Percent Daily Value
daily diet

6. Dietary fiber F. A type of carbohydrate that helps digestion

7. Ingredients list G. A measurement of how much food is considered one portion

42
 Column A Column B

H. An unhealthy type of fat often found in processed or fried

8. Trans fat
foods

9. Allergen I. A substance that causes an allergic reaction in some people

10. Preservative J. A substance added to food to make it last longer

V. WRITING

Summarize the above passage in one or two paragraphs.

VI. LANGUAGE USAGE

Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives

VERB + INFINITIVE

Example:

• (a) I hope to see you again soon.

• (b) He promised to be here by ten.
• (c) He promised not to be late. (bentuk negatif)

Example Infinitive = to + simple form of a verb

Example: to see, to be, to go

Some verbs are directly followed by an infinitive, as in Examples (a) and (b).

The negative form uses not before the infinitive, as in (c)..

Example VERB + (PRO)NOUN + INFINITIVE

Example:

• (d) Mr. Lee told me to be here at ten o'clock.

• (e) The police ordered the driver to stop.

43
If the sentence is passive, then the infinitive immediately follows the verb:

• (f) I was told to be here at ten o’clock.

• (g) The driver was ordered to stop.

VERBS that may or may not follow a (pro)noun:

Example:

• (h) I expect to pass the test.

• (i) I expect Mary to pass the test.

GROUP A: VERB + INFINITIVE

hope to seem to
plan to appear to
intend to* pretend to
decide to ask to
promise to expect to
agree to would like to
offer to want to
refuse to need to

GROUP B: VERB + (PRO)NOUN + INFINITIVE

tell someone to permit someone to

advise someone to** allow someone to
encourage someone to warn someone to
remind someone to require someone to

44
invite someone to order someone to
force someone to need someone to
ask someone to expect someone to
would like someone to want someone to

Note:

• intend is usually followed by an infinitive (I intend to go to the meeting), but can also
be followed by a gerund without changing the meaning (I intend going to the
meeting).
• • After advise, use the gerund if there is no object:
o He advised buying a Fiat.
o He advised me to buy a Fiat.
o I was advised to buy a Fiat.

EXERCISE Verb + Gerund or Infinitive

Directions: Use a gerund or an infinitive to complete each sentence.

1. We’re going out for dinner. Would you like __________ us?
2. Jack avoided __________ at me.
3. Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided __________ a job.
4. The teacher reminded the students __________ their assignments.
5. Do you enjoy __________ soccer?
6. I was broke, so Jenny offered __________ me a little money.
7. Mrs. Allen promised __________ tomorrow.

45
 UNIT 7 NUTRITION IN DAILY LIFE (MEAL PLANNING)

I. LISTENING

Answer the following questions based on the tape you hear!

1. What is the main benefit of good nutrition in daily life?

A. It helps us sleep more

B. It gives energy and keeps us healthy

C. It makes food cheaper

D. It saves time in cooking

2. What is meal planning?

A. Eating snacks throughout the day

B. Preparing only dinner

C. Thinking ahead about what to eat each day

D. Writing a food diary

3. How does meal planning help us eat healthier?

A. It lets us eat more sweets

B. It helps us skip meals

C. It helps us choose healthy foods in advance

D. It removes all fats from food

4. Which of the following is NOT a main food group mentioned in the passage?

A. Grains

B. Fruits

C. Oils

D. Dairy

5. What do grains provide for the body?

A. Protein

B. Calcium

47
C. Energy

D. Water

6. What food group helps build muscles?

A. Protein

B. Fruits

C. Dairy

D. Vegetables

7. What is one way meal planning helps reduce food waste?

A. Buying food from restaurants

B. Making extra meals

C. Making a shopping list

D. Cooking large portions

8. What is portion control?

A. Eating only vegetables

B. Choosing very small meals

C. Eating the right amount of food

D. Avoiding meals at night

9. How can people organize their food choices better?

A. Avoid breakfast

B. Use meal charts

C. Eat outside

D. Only drink milk

10. What is the conclusion of the passage?

A. Meal planning is difficult

B. Nutrition makes us tired

C. Meal planning supports health and saves money

D. Eating fast food is okay sometimes

48
II. SPEAKING

You will practice for speaking. In pairs, you will have a conversation talking about Nutrition
in Daily Life (Meal Planning). You can use the following scripts as example or you can create
it by your self.

Example:

Nutrition in Daily Life (Meal Planning)"

Characters:

Sarah – very organized and health-conscious

Daniel – loves food but eats whatever is easy

Maya – wants to start eating healthy but doesn't know how

[Scene: After school, the three friends are sitting in the cafeteria planning meals for the week.]

Sarah: Hey guys! My mom and I just started meal planning at home. It helps us eat healthier
and save time.

Maya: Meal planning? That sounds interesting! I always eat whatever’s in the fridge… usually
noodles.

Daniel: Same here! I just eat fast food or instant noodles. It’s easy and fast!

Sarah: But not always healthy, right? Meal planning helps you make sure you get the right
nutrients each day — like carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Maya: So what do you do first when planning meals?

Sarah: First, we make a list of meals for the week. Each meal includes foods from all the food
groups: Carbohydrates for energy, Protein for muscles, Healthy fats for brain function,
Vegetables and fruits for vitamins and fiber

Daniel: Hmm… I usually just eat rice and chicken. Is that enough?

Sarah: Not bad, but don’t forget to add vegetables! How about rice, grilled chicken, and stir-
fried broccoli? Balanced and tasty!

Maya: What about breakfast? I always skip it.

Sarah: Never skip breakfast! Try oatmeal with banana slices and a boiled egg. Quick, simple,
and full of nutrients.

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Daniel: Okay, but I love snacks. Can I still have some?

Sarah: Of course! Just choose healthy ones — like yogurt, fruit slices, or nuts. Avoid snacks
with too much sugar or salt.

Maya: What about drinks?

Sarah:Water is the best. You can also drink milk or fresh juice — but not too many sugary
drinks.

Daniel: I’m starting to like this idea. Planning meals might help me stop eating junk food every
day.

Maya: Let’s try it together! We can make a weekly meal plan every Sunday.

Sarah: Yes! We’ll help each other eat healthy, stay strong, and feel great!

III. READ A LOUD THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE. THEN, TRANSLATE IT

Good nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The foods we eat every
day provide our bodies with the energy and nutrients we need to function, grow, and stay well.
Making smart choices in our daily meals helps prevent illness, supports mental and physical
performance, and improves overall quality of life. One of the best ways to ensure proper
nutrition is through meal planning. Meal planning means thinking ahead about what to eat for
breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. This approach helps people make balanced choices,
reduce food waste, and save time and money. It also makes it easier to avoid unhealthy food
options, especially when life gets busy.

A well-planned meal includes foods from all major food groups: carbohydrates, proteins,
fats, fruits and vegetables, and dairy. Each of these groups provides important nutrients. For
example, carbohydrates give energy, proteins build and repair tissues, fats support brain and
cell health, and fruits and vegetables supply vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Meal planning
should take into account personal needs and goals. Children, teenagers, adults, and older people
all have different nutritional requirements. Physical activity level, health conditions, and
cultural or religious preferences also affect food choices. A good plan is flexible and fits the
lifestyle of the person or family.

Portion control is also an important part of meal planning. Eating the right amount of
food helps maintain a healthy weight and prevents overeating. Using smaller plates, avoiding
second servings, and paying attention to hunger and fullness signals are all helpful habits. In
daily life, simple tools like grocery lists and weekly meal charts can make planning easier.
Writing down meals for the week can help with shopping and preparation. Including a variety
of foods, trying new recipes, and making room for occasional treats helps keep meals enjoyable
and balanced.

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 Meal planning also supports long-term health. It can help manage or prevent chronic
diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. When people take time to plan their meals,
they are more likely to choose nutritious foods and limit high-sugar, high-fat, and processed
options. In conclusion, nutrition is a daily responsibility, and meal planning is a simple but
powerful tool to support it. By planning meals with intention, people can improve their health,
save time and money, and enjoy a better quality of life. Healthy eating begins with a plan—
and every small step counts.

Answer The Following Questions Based On The Passage

1. Why is good nutrition important in daily life?

2. What is meal planning, and how can it help people?

3. Name the five major food groups and explain their nutritional roles.

4. How does meal planning help with time and money management?

5. Why is it important to consider individual needs when planning meals?

6. What is portion control, and why is it necessary?

7. Give two examples of tools that help with meal planning.

8. How can meal planning help prevent chronic diseases?

9. Why is variety important in meal planning?

10. Summarize the overall benefits of nutrition and meal planning in daily life.

IV. VOCABULARY

Match the words in Column A with their correct meanings in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Nutrition A. The act of planning meals in advance

2. Meal planning B. Substances in food that the body needs to grow and stay healthy

3. Carbohydrates C. Foods that supply energy, like rice, bread, and pasta

4. Protein D. A habit of eating only what your body needs

5. Portion control E. A chart or schedule showing meals for each day

6. Grocery list F. A written note of foods to buy for cooking or meal preparation

7. Variety G. Eating many different types of food to get all nutrients

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 Column A Column B

8. Chronic disease H. A long-term health condition like diabetes or heart disease

9. Balanced diet I. Eating the right amounts of all food groups

10. Weekly meal chart J. A source of nutrients like meat, fish, beans, and eggs

V. WRITING

Summarize the above passage in one or two paragraphs.

VI. LANGUAGE USAGE

Using infinitives to report speech.

Directions: Report what someone said by using one of the verbs in the list to introduce an
infinitive phrase.

Verbs list:

advise expect remind

allow force require
ask order tell
encourage permit warn

Exercise:

1. The professor said to Alan, “You may leave early.”

→ The professor allowed Alan to leave early.
→ Alan was allowed to leave early.
2. The general said to the soldiers, “Surround the enemy!”
→ _____________________________
3. Nancy said to me, “Would you please open the window?”
→ _____________________________

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4. Bob said to me, “Don’t forget to take your book back to the library.”
→ _____________________________
5. Paul thinks I have a good voice, so he said to me, “You should take singing lessons.”
→ _____________________________
6. Mrs. Anderson was very stern and a little angry. She shook her finger at the children
and said to them, “Don’t play with matches!”
→ _____________________________
7. I am very relieved because the Dean of Admissions said to me, “You may register for
school late.”
→ _____________________________
8. The law says, “Every driver must have a valid driver’s license.”
→ _____________________________
9. My friend said to me, “You should get some automobile insurance.”
→ _____________________________
10. The robber had a gun. He said to me, “Give me all of your money.”
→ _____________________________

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