Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat.

8 (2024) 105-278

THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP/CONFERENCE ON

NANOTECHNOLOGY ORGANIZED BY NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
GROUP (NANO+), LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA

AND

CELEBRATION OF EXCELLENCE IN NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH

BY NANO+ @10

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS OF THE HYBRID CONFERENCE

NANOTECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION FOR

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SECURING THE
FUTURE FOR THE BENEFITS OF HUMANITY

DATE: MONDAY 18 - FRIDAY 22 NOVEMBER, 2024

VENUE: THE HALL, LAUTECH, OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA & ZOOM

Chairman Host/Convener
Prof. Razaq Olatunde Rom Kalilu Prof. Agbaje Lateef
Vice-Chancellor, LAUTECH, Head, Nanotechnology Research Group
Ogbomoso, Nigeria (NANO+), LAUTECH, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria

Co-LOC Chairperson
Prof. Musibau A. Azeez
Department of Pure and Applied
Biology, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria

Special Guest of Honour

Chief Uche Godffrey Nnaji
Honourable Minister of Innovation, Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria

Guests of Honour
Senator AbdulFatai Buhari, Chairman, Senate Committee on Land Transportation
Hon. Lanre Oladebo, Deputy Chairman, House Committee on Housing and Habitat
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Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology

Mr. Chris J. Maiyaki, Acting Executive Secretary, National Universities Commission
(NUC), Abuja
Arc. Sonny Echono, Executive Secretary, Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund),
Abuja
Mr. Taiye Williams, MD, LUBCON International Limited, Ilorin, Nigeria

KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Professor Martins Emeje
Director-General,
Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency (NNMDA), Lagos, Nigeria

Speakers at the Conference

Prof. Enock O. Dare, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture,
Abeokuta, Nigeria

Prof. Yogendra K. Mishra, University of Southern Denmark, SØnderborg, Denmark

Prof. Fabian. I. Ezema, Department of Physics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

Associate Prof. Hassan Soleimani, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia

Prof. Ambali S. AbdulKareem, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal

University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Prof. Sheriff Adewuyi, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture,

Abeokuta, Nigeria

Dr. Elias E. Elemike, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Petroleum

Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria

Prof. AbdulLateef Bakre, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical

Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

Dr. Hammad Arshad, Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore,

Pakistan

Dr. Okunola A. Alabi, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure,

Nigeria

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SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES (TIME ZONE GMT +1)

DAY ONE (TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 2024)
WORKSHOP ON THE SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND
APPLICATIONS OF NANOPARTICLES
S/N TIME ACTIVITIES VENUE/ANCHOR
1. 8:00 – 9:30 am Arrival and registration Old Biology Laboratory
2. 9.30 – 10.00 am Introduction of NANO+ Prof. A. Lateef/Prof. T.B.
Asafa
3. 10:00 – 10:40 am Overview of nanotechnology, biosynthesis of Prof. J.A. Badmus
nanoparticles and applications
4. 10:40 – 10:50 am Questions and Answers Prof. T.A. Yekeen
5. 10:50 – 11:10 am Tea Break
6. 11:20 am Courtesy visit to Dean, FPAS, LAUTECH Office of the Dean
7. 11:40 – 12:30 pm Practical session on the green synthesis of Research Lab, Department of
nanoparticles-Prof. E.A. Adebayo, Prof. J.A. Pure and Applied Biology,
Badmus & Dr. O. Adedokun LAUTECH
8. 12:30 – 1:00 pm Basic characterization of nanoparticles I- UV-Vis Dr. O. Adedokun
and FTIR spectroscopy
9. 1:00 – 2:00 pm Lunch
10. 2:00 – 2:30 pm Basic characterization of nanoparticles II- Electron Prof. T.B. Asafa
microscopic analysis of nanoparticles
11. 2:30 – 3:00 pm Funding research in Africa: Opportunities for Dr. O.A. Alabi, Federal
Nigerian scientists University of Technology,
Akure, Nigeria
12. 3:00-3.30 pm African bioresources as substrates for sustainable Dr. E.E. Elemike, Federal
nanotechnology University of Petroleum
Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

13. 3.30 – 4.00 pm Basic characterization of nanoparticles III- XRD Prof. M.O. Durowoju
14. 4.00 – 4.30 pm Questions and interactive session Prof. I.C. Oladipo

DAY TWO (WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2024): OPENING CEREMONY

Time Activities Anchor/Presenter

9:00 am Arrival and registration of participants Prof. T.B. Asafa/Dr. M.K. Awodele
9:30 Courtesy visit to the Vice Chancellor Public & Alumni Relations, LAUTECH
9:45 Arrival of dignitaries and special guests Protocol
10:00 Anthems Public & Alumni Relations, LAUTECH
10:10 Introduction of guests Public & Alumni Relations, LAUTECH
10:15 Host’s speech Prof. A. Lateef
Head, Nanotechnology Research Group (NANO+),
LAUTECH, Ogbomoso
10:20 Speech by Chairman, National steering Dr. M.E.J. Bassey
committee on nanotechnology policy Director, Chemical Technology, FMIST, Abuja
development
10:30 10th year anniversary and documentary about Media team/Prof. M.A. Azeez
NANO+
Goodwill messages Public & Alumni Relations, LAUTECH
10:50 Vice Chancellor and Chairman’s speech Prof. Razaq O. Rom Kalilu
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Vice-Chancellor, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso

11:30 Minister’s speech Chief Uche Geoffrey Nnaji,
Honourable Minister of Innovation, Science and
Technology, Abuja
11:30 Citation of Keynote Speaker Prof. T.B. Asafa
11:35- Keynote Speech Prof. Martins Emeje
12-30 DG/CEO, Nigeria Natural Medicine Development
Agency (NNMDA), Lagos, Nigeria
12:30 Closing remark/Vote of thanks Prof. I.C. Oladipo
Secretary, NANO+, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso
12:40 Photograph session Protocols
12:40 Short break
1:00 pm Citation of lead speaker Prof. M.A. Azeez
1:00- Lead paper: Circularity and sustainable Prof. Enock O. Dare
2:00 nanotechnology win-win strategies to Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta,
Sustainability; hinging the duo with Nigeria

2:00 Lunch break

2:10-
2:50
DISCUSSION/INTERACTION

3:00 BREAK-OUT SESSIONS (NOVEMBER 20, 2024)

SESSION A (PHYSICAL/ENGINEERING)
Moderators Prof. M.O. Durowoju/Dr. M.K. Awodele
ABSTRACT NUMBER/TITLE AUTHORS/PRESENTERS
3:00- Invited Lecture 4: TiO2-based photoactive materials: Prof. Fabian I. Ezema
3:40 synthesis, mechanism, and effectiveness for treating Department of Physics and Astronomy,
effluent from petroleum refineries University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
3:40 2024/P001: Determination of elemental composition of Garba, A.A.
bitter kola (Garcinia kola) using x-ray fluorescence (XRF)
method
3:50 2024/P003: The effect of Ce doping on the magnetic Shehu, J., Shchetinin, I.V., and Habib, Z.G.
properties of NdFe11Ti alloys
4:00 2024/P007: Development of nanocomposite for military Muhammad, I.D., Arudi I.S., and Haruna,
body armour applications: potentials and challenges in A.S.
Nigeria

4:10 2024/P009: Application of nanotechnology in renewable Lawal, M.

energy
4:20 2024/P010: Highly efficient CsPbBr3 Perovskite solar Danladi, E., and Yusuf, A.S.
cells with TiO2 nanoparticles and quaternary
chalcogenide Cu2FeSnS4 as charge transport channels
4:30 2024/P011: Application and impact of nanotechnology in Garba, A.A.
solar cells for human development
4:40 2024/P012: Self-sustaining solution combustion Masokano, D.S.A., Sadiq, I.A., and Sani, U.
synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles: effect of fuel on particle
properties and antimicrobial activity
4:50 2024/P013: Comparing the effects of nano and Eze, A.A., Sadiku, E.R., Kupolati, W.K.,
microparticles sizes on the properties of hybrid copper Snyman, J., Ndambuki, J.M., and Ibrahim,
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alloys made via SPS technique I.D.

5:00 Participants are to move to the general room for closing
BREAK-OUT SESSIONS (NOVEMBER 20, 2024)
SESSION B (BIOMEDICAL)
Moderators Prof. I.C. Oladipo/Prof. J.A. Badmus
ABSTRACT NUMBER/TITLE AUTHORS/PRESENTERS
3:00- Invited Lecture 4: Nanoparticle-based drug delivery Prof. Lateef G. Bakre
3:40 systems: challenges and opportunities Department of Pharmaceutics and
Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi
Onabanjo University, Nigeria
3:40 2024/B002: Encapsulation of Justicia carnea leaf extract Oladeji, O.A., Awolu, O.O., Falade, O.O.,
with different wall materials and Agbi, P.I.
3:50 2024/B004: Comparative study on the antimicrobial Ibraheem, S.A., Balarabe, F.T., Adegbe, E.A.,
activity of polyvinyl pyrrolidone stabilized silver Musa, M.J., Balogun, E.O., and Barminas, J.T.
nanoparticles and lemongrass essential oil
4:00 2024/B005: Innovations in nano-based sunscreens: Salau, A.K., Shehu, M.S., Olarewaju, O.I, and
advancing skin protection through nanotechnology Adisa, K.O.
4:10 2024/B006: Nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems Salau, A.K., Shehu, M.S., Sorunke, T.A.,
for dermatological disorders Adeyemo, A.A., Adeusi, H.A., Dada, S.O.,
and Amusan, K.A.
4:20 2024/B008: Bimetallic iron oxide nanoparticles for Badejo, M., Tapfuma, K., Mpundu, H.,
antimycobacterial applications Baatjies, L., and Mavumengwana, V.

4:30 2024/B016: Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles Ugosor, P.T., Shausu, A.A., and Ornguga,
using Colocasia esculenta leaf extract and in vitro T.T.
antimicrobial studies of white yam pathogens
4:40 2024/B020: The role of nanomaterials in enhancing the Ohijeagbon, O.R., Adegbola, G.M.,
industrial preservation of probiotics for safe and Ajaiyeoba, T.A., Ajibade, O.A., Omotayo,
sustainable food production: a review J.A., Bolarinwa, I.F., and Oladipo, I.C
4:50 2024/B021: Synthesis of amodiaquine loaded chitosan- Salako, K.S., Babamusa, N.O., and Adams,
coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and L.A.
in silico drug reprofiling of amodiaquine for anti-cancer
drug delivery
5:00 2024/B063: Extraction and characterization of date seed Nkeiru. I.P., Agbo, P.C., Umar, S.O., Alfa, J.,
oil and its application in oral drug delivery of Ibuprofen Abdulmumin, H., Ezeodimegwu, A.,
Nnamani, N.C., Nnabuike, D., Kenechukwu,
C.F., and Momoh, A.M
5:10 2024/B066: Zinc oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized Afolabi, O.D., Ajao, D.O., Yusuf, K.O.,
using aqueous aerial-leaf extract of Vachellia sieberiana Akintola, A., Alabi, T.D., Oguntibeju, O.O.,
mitigated hepatic and renal DMH/DSS-induced Yekeen, T.A., and Badmus, J.A.
oxidative-stress in Wistar rats
5:20 Participants are to move to the general room for closing
DAY THREE (THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 2024): GENERAL
9:00 Invited Lecture 5: Advancements in chitosan-based nanoparticle technology: securing drug delivery
systems through sustainable bio-nanohybrid approaches
Prof. S. Adewuyi
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
9:30 Invited Lecture 6: Tetrapods based Smart Materials for Advanced Technologies
Prof. Yogendra K. Mishra
Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Smart Materials
University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark

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BREAK-OUT SESSIONS (DAY THREE – NOVEMBER 21, 2024)

SESSION A (PHYSICAL/ENGINEERING)
Moderators Prof. T.B. Asafa/Dr. A.O. Adedokun
ABSTRACT NUMBER/TITLE AUTHORS/PRESENTERS
10:00 Invited Lecture 7: Electrochemical potentials of cobalt oxide nanofluid for improved oil recovery
with the aid of electromagnetic filed
Dr. H. Soleimani
Department of Geoscience, Universiti Teknologi Petronas 32610 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
10:30 2024/P014: Development of stable Mg-Zr phases: a Adegbola, T.A., Aramide, B.P., and Adeoti,
study on tribocorrosion and biocompatibility in M.O.
biomaterials
10:40 2024/P015: Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: Danas, A.Y., Labulo, A.H., Usman, A.,
a trifecta of antioxidant, antifungal, and catalytic Hassan, I., Idzi, A.A., Owoseni, M.C.,
excellence Oyinade, D.A., Isah, M., Ashonibare, R.A.,
Ojedoja, K.A., Tywabi-Ngeva, Z.,
Omotehinwa, F.H., Said, M.A., and Uyi, O.G.
10:50 2024/P017: Smart nanocomposite coatings for explosive Haruna, A.S., and Unoneme, A.C
devices: enhancing safety and performance
11:00 2024/P018: Chitosan, alginate and polyethylene glycol Nwabunwanne, C., Aisida, S.O., Alnasir,
capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for hyperthermia M.H., Botha, S., Awada, C., Alshoaibi, A.,
applications and Ezema, F.I.
11:10 2024/P019: The impact of thermophysical properties on Itabiyi, O. E., Sangotayo, E.O., Olojede, M.A.,
the heat and flow characteristics of a nano-lubricant and Akinrinade, N.A.
based on aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in a cylindrical
channel
11:20 2024/P022: Fabrication and characterization of dye- Soge, A.O., Willoughby, A.A., Oshin, A.F.,
sensitized solar cells using natural dye extracts of Ulbricht, C., Mayr, F., Olukanni, O.D.,
Vernonia amygdalina leaf as photosensitizers Sanyaolu, M.E., Dairo, O.F., Adeyemi, O.G.,
Tekoglu, S., Scharber, M.C and Sariciftci, N.S
11:30 2024/P030: Synergistic effects of gadolinium oxide into Ikhioya, I.L., Alghamdi, N., Omeje, S.E.,
matrix of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) for Ikeh, D.C., and Odoh, R.N.
supercapacitor applications
11:40 2024/P031: Assessing air quality impacts of Gaari Olatona, G.I., and Oyedokun, S.M.
processing: a nanotechnology-based approach
11:50 2024/P036: A review on green synthesis of metal and Amaunmwosa, E.C., Baba, I.A., Tijani, J.O.,
metal oxide nanoparticles and their applications in and Abdulkareem, A.S.
environmental remediation
12:00 2024/P039: Durability of stabilized lateritic bricks Tijani, I.O., Adegbola, A.A., and Olaniyan,
modified with saw dust ash and terrasoil nanochemical O.S.
12:10 2024/P042: Removal efficiency of rhodamine-b dye from Adeoye, M.D., Lawal, A.T., Azeez, L.A.,
aqueous solution by chitosan-glutaraldehyde/rice husk Adewuyi, S., Ajao, F.D., and Araoye, A.O.
composite
12.20 2024/P043: Uptake performance of ibuprofen in aqueous Adeoye, M.D., Azeez, L.A., Lawal, A.T.,
solution by Jacob's leaves (Acalypha wilkesiana) mediated Tewogbola, K.K., and Junaid, L.
with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (JL-TDNPS)
12:30 2024/P044: Nanotechnology and wastewater treatment: Owodunni, B.A., Aduloju, L.S., Ayinla, S.O.,
a review of efficiency, safety and environmental and Anidiobi, U.S.
implications
12:40 2024/P045: Biosensors and nanosensors: a review on Ayinla, S.O., Adeleke, A., Ikhuoria, B.,
food analysis/safety Aduloju, L.S., and Owodunni, B.A.
12:50 2024/P047: Synthesis of nano-biochar for industrial Abubakar, A.I., Abdulfatai, J., Adefeso, I.B.,

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wastewater treatment Ahmad, I.A., Mohammed, U., and Said, H.M

1:00 2024/P052: Nanotechnology safety in biomedical Hamzat, A.K., and Asmatulu, R.
applications: a review of recent advances
1:10 Lunch Break
2:10 2024/P053: Potato peels-synthesized carbon nanotubes Mansur, Y.I., and Afolabi, A.M.
for crude oil spill clean up
2:20 2024/P054: Synthesis and characterization of iron Ajala, O.J., Tijani, J.O., Salau, R.B., and
tungstate nanoparticles Abdulkareem, A.S.
4:30 Participants are to move to the general room for Polling and Closing of the conference
BREAK-OUT SESSIONS (DAY THREE – NOVEMBER 21, 2024)
SESSION B (BIOMEDICAL)
Moderators Prof. M.A. Azeez/Prof. E.A. Adebayo/Prof.
M.A. Olamoyegun
ABSTRACT NUMBER/TITLE AUTHORS/PRESENTERS
10:10 2024/B064: Development and characterization of Agbo, P.C., Ugwu, C.E., Amadi, B., Akpa, P.,
gelatinated-mucin based microparticles for oral delivery Umar, O., Abdulmumin, H., Alfa, J.,
of insulin in diabetes treatment Nnamani, N.D., Okereke, N., Darlington, Y.,
Kenechukwu, F.C., and Momoh, M.A.
10:20 2024/B062: Phytosynthesis, characterization and Adebayo-Tayo, B.C., Folarin, V.A., Alao,
biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles from Piper S.O., Oduokpaha, G.E., and Ajani, T.F.
guineese leaf and seed methanol extracts
10:30 2024/B023: Probing the role of ginger starch on Oluba, O.M, Owoso, T.O., Bayo-
physicochemical and thermal properties of gum Arabic Olorunmeke, A.O., Erifeta, G.O., Josiah, S.J.,
hybrid biocomposite for food packaging applications Ojeaburu, S.I., Subbiah, N., and Palanisamy,
T
10:40 2024/B024: Purification of different fractions of Egonu, S.N., and Edochie, W.C
industrial wastewater using biosynthesized silver
nanoparticles of Amaranthus hybridus and Amaranthus
viridis
10:50 2024/B025: Sorghum bicolor: a potential crop for Adisa, K.O., Salau, A.K, and Shehu, M.S.
nutrient-nanoparticles for agricultural bio-fortification
11:00 2024/B026: Essential oil- encapsulated nanochitosan for Oyafajo, L.A., Shittu, T.A., Azeez, L., Busari,
food safety and security: A review H.K., Yusuf-Omoloye, N.A., and Sanni, L.O.
11:10 2024/B027: Nymphaea lotus-synthesized gold Adewale, O.B.
nanoparticles attenuate cadmium-induced
hepatotoxicity in rats
11:20 2024/B028: Anticancer potential of Ganoderma lucidum Oke, M.A., and Adebayo, E.A.
mediated selenium nanoparticles
11:30 2024/B029: Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated Ejafu, M.I., and Adebayo, E.A.
by bioflocculant derived from Serratia nematodiphila
ETA1 PP413762 isolated from Asa river and its
application in water treatment
11:40 2024/B032: Biogenic synthesis of silver and silver-gold Kilani, T.A., Adebayo, E.A., Oyeleke, O.O.,
alloy using Ganoderma lucidum (ON394695), their Lateef, A., Azeez, M.A., Yekeen, T.A.,
Phytochemical screening, and wound healing potentials Matyumza, N., Beukes L.S., and Gueguim-
Kana, E.B.
11:50 2024/B033: Nutraceutical properties enhancement using Okunade, O.A., and Adebayo, E.A.
nanotechnology
12:00 2024/B034: Chitosan nanoparticles as antibiofilm and Ahmed-Oke, M.O., and Adebayo, E.A.
antimicrobial agent: mechanisms of action against
biofilm-embedded bacteria in drinking water treatment
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plant
12:10 2024/B035: Nanotechnological approaches to antiviral Ajisope, N.A., and Adebayo, E.A.
therapy with their mechanism of actions
12:20 2024/B037: Nanotechnology in water treatment and Ametefe, G.D., Oluyide, O.O., Itakorode,
remediation in the last three years: a systematic review B.O., Muritala, I., Oyedara, O., and Ametefe,
D.S.
12: 30 2024/B051: Cinnamomum camphora mediated synthesis Naveed, S., Arshad, H., Khan, M.N.,
and immobilization of silver nanoparticles onto textile Malkani, N., Khalid, A, Aslam, M.S., and
materials for antimicrobial applications and their Zafar, A.
cytotoxic evaluation
12:30 2024/B038: Biomedical applications of selenium Bamigboye, O.F., Adesuyi, T.A., Emmanuel,
nanoparticles biosynthesized from Pentaclethra C.H., Oyeleye, O.B., and Yusuf, Y.A.
macrophylla seed extract as antimicrobial, antioxidant,
anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents
12:40 2024/B040: Antibacterial and in vitro antioxidant Fagbemi, K.O., Thonda, O.A., Oyewole, T.,
properties of silver nanoparticles biologically and Aina, D.A.
synthesized from aqueous extract of sweet potato leaf
with preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis
12:50 2024/B041: In vitro assessment of Ganoderma lucidum Oyeleke, O.O., Kilani, T.A., Oke, M.A.,
mediated silver and gold nanoparticles for their Adebayo, E.A., Lateef, A., Azeez, M.A.,
antimicrobial and antioxidants potential Yekeen, T.A., Matyumza, N, Beukes, L.S.,
and Gueguim-Kana, E.B.
1:00 2024/B046: Assessment of tapioca-synthesized Oluyide, O.O., Oloke, J.K., Adenigba, V.O.,
graphene-modified electrode with biopolymer-based Elufisan, T.O., and Ametefe, G.D.
membrane for enhancing biofilm efficiency in microbial
fuel cell
1:10 Lunch Break
2:10 2024/B048: Selenium nanoparticles biosynthesized using Raimi, O.R., and Lateef, A.
Sarcocephalus latifolius stem-bark extract and their anti-
microbial, antioxidant and thrombolytic activities
2:20 2024/B049: Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles Mamora, O.T., Aina, D.A., Jonathan, S.G.,
biosynthesized by metabolites of lactic acid bacteria Amodu, S., and Fagbemi, K.O.
isolated from fermented Cyperus esculentus milk
2:30 2024/B050: The current status and prospect of silver Adeniran, J.A., Azeez, A.O., Oyelami, G.T.,
nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent Alagbe, E.A., Omomowo, I.O., Adenigba,
V.O., and Bamigboye, C.O.
2:40 2024/B068: In vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and Badmus, J.A., Azeez, M.A., Adedosu, O.T.,
antidiabetic of titanium dioxide nanoparticles Oladipo, I.C., Alabi, T.D., Abimbola, A.,
synthesized using aqueous aerial parts extract of Asimolowo, F., and Abisona, A.
Vachellia sieberiana
2:50 2024/B055: Green synthesis of titanium dioxide Oladipo, I.C., Ogunsona, S.B., Rabiu, O.F.,
nanoparticles from Tetrapleura tetraptera seed extract and and Ogunleke, O.B
its antidiabetic activity
3:00 2024/B056: Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles Ogunleke, O.B., Oladipo, I.C., and
using Tetrapleura tetraptera husk aqueous extract and its Ogunsona, S.B.
biomedical applications
3:10 2024/B057: Characterization and antibacterial activity of Amodu, S., Fabiyi, E.D., Ezeamagu, C.O.,
silver-fabricated nanoparticles using stem bark extract Aina, D.A., Animashaun, R.O., Fagbemi,
of Cassia sieberiana against gastroenteritis-associated K.O., and Oyewole, T.E.
bacteria
3:20 2024/B058: Influence of biosynthesized zinc oxide Adebomojo, A.A., and AbdulRahaman, A.A.

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nanoparticle on pepper plant

3:30 2024/B059: Biosynthesis and characterization of Adebayo-Tayo, B.C., Alao, S.O., Folarin,
bismuth nanoparticle using Bredelia ferruginea bark V.A., Sanusi, J.F., Maloma, M., and Adebami,
extract and its antibacterial potential G.E.
3:40 2024/B060: Antibacterial and dye reduction potential of Adebayo-Tayo, B.C., Oduokpaha, G.E..,
Calotropis procera bismuth nanoparticles Folarin, V.A., Alao, S.O., Fashogbon, R.O.,
Ajani, T.F., and Ogunleye, G.E.
3:50 2024/B061: Biosynthesis and characterization of Cactus Adebayo-Tayo, B.C., Folarin, V.A., Dawodu,
leaf methanol extract silver and magnetic nanoparticles E.A., Durojaye, T.O., Ojo, J.S., Alao, S.O., and
Sanusi, J.F.
4:00 2024/B065: Development and evaluation of Akpa, P., Amadi, B., Ugwu, E.C., Agbo, P.C.,
Eudraginated-gelatin based microparticles: An Nnamani, N.D., Umar, O., Abdulmumin, H.,
application in oral insulin delivery for diabetes Alfa, J., Okereke, N., Zakari, D., Darlington,
treatment Y., Kenechukwu, F.C., and Momoh, M.A.
4:10 2024/B067: Roles of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized Afolabi, O.D., Babalola, O.M., Anthony, P.J.,
from Vachellia sieberiana aqueous aerial part extract in Odewale, M.J., Adebayo, E.A., Bolarinwa,
DMH/DSS-induced colon cancer inflammation, I.F., Lateef. A., and Badmus, J.A.
apoptosis, and DNA damage
4:20 2024/B069: Exploring the antioxidant, anti- Abimbola, A., Ibidoja, E., Ojo, H., Adesokun,
inflammatory, and anti-diabetic potential of zinc oxide J., Yekeen, TA., Adebayo, E.A., Lateef, A.,
nanoparticles bio-fabricated using Vachellia sieberiana Olamoyegun, M.A., and Badmus, J.A.
aqueous aerial parts extract
4:30 2024/B070: Evaluation of the chicken feather-mediated Adetutu, F.A., Yekeen, T.A., Azeez, M.A.,
zinc oxide nanoparticles fortified fish meal on the Lateef, A., Badmus, J.A., Oladipo, I.C.,
growth and haematological profile of juvenile Clarias Adebayo, E.A, Olamoyegun M.A., Alaba,
gariepinus T.J., Oyewole, A.D., and Olusegun, R.T.
4:40 2024/B071: Development of green synthesized calcium Olasupo, O.O., Bolarinwa I.F., and Azeez,
nanoparticles coatings as preservative for tomatoes M.A.
(Solanum lycopersicum L.), peppers (Capsicum chinense)
and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

4:50 2024/B072: Development of nanotechnology-based Akinsowon, A.J., and Ikokide, S.Y.

sensors for monitoring environmental pollutants and
their potential impact on biodiversity conservation
5:00 Participants are to move to the general room for Polling and Closing of the conference

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WELCOME ADDRESSES
Prof. A. Lateef
Head, Nanotechnology Research Group (NANO+),
LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

It is with delight that I welcome you, on behalf of

the LAUTECH Nanotechnology Research Group
(NANO+), to the 8th International Conference on
Nanotechnology (LAUTECH-NANO 2024). This
year’s conference is taking place on our campus,
after holding the last two editions (2022 and 2023)
in Abuja in partnership with the National Space
Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) and the Federal Ministry of Innovation,
Science and Technology (FMIST). It also coincides with the 10th year anniversary of the
formation of our research group. Thus, it is a home-coming and a time to take the stock
of our activities on nanotechnology in 10 years.

Our multidisciplinary research group was formed in 2014 to advance studies in

nanotechnology, and our activities have blossomed over the years. We have published
more than 170 articles on nanotechnology, developed some nano-based products,
organized workshops and conferences, and carried out a series of advocacy projects that
include web-based projection and press releases to deepen nanotechnology discourse.
We also established a specialized journal on nanotechnology, ‘Nano Plus: Science and
Technology of Nanomaterials’, now indexed in African Journals Online (AJOL), South
Africa. We have been able to establish partnerships with governmental agencies, and
involved in the national implementation strategy on nanotechnology. Our members
have won fellowships, awards and grants within 10 years, which our nanotechnology
pursuits have contributed immensely to these exploits.

In furthering nanotechnology discourse in Nigeria, we have assembled seasoned

scholars and scientists that will showcase their works at this conference with more than
80 presentations from different institutions around the world.

Nanotechnology, the science of fabrication, manipulation, characterization, and

applications of materials at the nanoscale (10-9 m), is expanding at a great speed with its
exponential impacts on various spheres of life. The application is cosmopolitan:
engineering, industries, food and agriculture, built environment, healthcare,
environment, energy, space exploration, water, sports, waste treatment, security and
defence, and manufacturing of consumer products among others.

Our pursuit in nanotechnology is fueled by passion to put Nigeria on the global

nanotechnology map, with the view of extracting benefits from its enterprise, thus the
theme of the conference ‘Nanotechnology Revolution for Sustainable Development:
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Securing the Future for the Benefits of Humanity’. We must consciously pursue
nanotechnology R&D for sustainable development, through its deployment to address
myriads of problems that confront us as a nation.

While Nigeria started the nanotechnology journey in 2006, the national progress in this
area has been plagued with a lot of challenges – lack of national policy, dearth of
scholars, lack of scientific nanotechnology infrastructure to characterize nanomaterials,
and non-existent budget headlines and agencies on nanotechnology. Though National
Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI) spearheaded
nanotechnology discourse in the country in 2006 and also established a constituent
laboratory, Engineering Materials Development Institute (EMDI, Akure), the efforts
have not yielded the expected results. With the Department of Chemical Technology
under the Federal Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology now saddled with
the responsibilities of providing a national roadmap on nanotechnology, we must work
in unison to drive nanotechnology enterprise in the country.

We have good examples in developing countries like South Africa, India and Iran that
have made giant strides in nanotechnology R&D, patenting and development of nano-
based products, thereby contributing to their GDP. South Africa that we started the
nanotechnology journey together has left Nigeria far behind: developed policies on
nanotechnology, completed a 10-year nanotechnology development plan, established
several centres of excellence in nanotechnology, developed curricula in nanotechnology
and moved from basic research to translational research with products in the markets.
This is a challenge to us as a nation. Nanotechnology itself is the new oil. For instance,
Iran generated $551 million from nanotechnology products in 2020, with projection of
generating $1 billion in 2025. Worldwide, nanotechnology was estimated to worth $3
trillion in 2021 and would account for 6 million jobs and 10% of global GDP in 2030.

For us to move forward, we must work together via healthy partnership – academia,
government, private sector, and community. We have pursued this campaign as a
research group at every opportunity. We need a national policy on nanotechnology.
Research in this area should be prioritized and well-funded. Centres of excellence in
nanotechnology should be established and this can be achieved by NASENI and
TETFund in partnership with Universities with track records of research in
nanotechnology. A dedicated agency, council, or department should be carved out to
focus on nanotechnology R&D in Nigeria.

We appreciate the supports that have been received from different organizations and
individuals in the last 10 years. Firstly, the successive authorities at LAUTECH,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria since 2014 are appreciated for lending support for our activities. We
appreciate the current administration under the able leadership of the Vice-Chancellor,
Prof. R.O. Rom Kalilu fnsa. We are grateful for the positive consideration of our
proposal, leading to the establishment of Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

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Research (CEENANO) in the University. The Department of Chemical Technology

under FMIST is also appreciated for its interest in what we have done in the last 6 years.
We are grateful to the leadership at NASRDA, the immediate past DG/CEO, Dr. Halilu
A. Shaba for partnering with us on the organization of the 6th and 7th international
conference on nanotechnology. We appreciate our eminent invited lecturers over the
years for enriching our activities with their wealth of knowledge. The participants at
our workshops and conferences are valued for their belief in what we do. Our local and
international collaborators, captains of industries, gentlemen of the press and our
students are deeply appreciated for their support over the years.

On this note, I welcome you once again to the 8th International Conference on
nanotechnology and wish you a fruitful experience.

Thank you and God bless.

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WELCOME ADDREES BY THE VICE-CHANCELLOR, PROFESSOR RAZAQ

OLATUNDE ROM KALILU AT THE 8th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
NANOTECHNOLOGY HELD ON NOVEMBER 19-21, 2024 AT LAUTECH,
OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA

The Honorable Minister of Innovation, Science and

Technology, Chief Uche Nnaji,
The Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Innovation,
Science and Technology,
The Deputy Vice-Chancellors,
All Principal Officers of the University,
The Lead Speaker,
Invited personalities,
Invited Lecturers and all other attendees from across the
globe,
Ladies and gentlemen,

It is my pleasure to welcome all of you to the 8th

International Conference/Workshop on Nanotechnology with the theme
‘Nanotechnology revolution for sustainable development: securing the future for the
benefits of humanity’. This year’s conference is taken place in LAUTECH after two
successful hosting at Abuja. The 6th and 7th editions of the conference were held at the
National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) Campus with many
important dignitaries in attendance including the former Federal Minister of Science,
Technology and Innovation, Dr. Olorunnimbe Adeleke Mamora, and the immediate
past Director-General of NASRDA, Dr. Halilu A. Shaba.

Going down memory lane, NANO+ embarked on its nanotechnology advocacy journey
in 2017, introducing scholars and students to the fundamentals of synthesizing
nanoparticles and their applications. By 2018, the group's initiatives had garnered the
attention of the Federal Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation, leading to
their active participation in the last two conferences.

Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso has come of age and now stands
prominently among its peers. This year, the university achieved a notable ranking,
securing the 16th position in Nigeria according to the Times Higher Education (THE).
These accomplishments owe much to the outstanding research efforts and dedicated
staff of the university. Recently, five of LAUTECH scholars, including the Chairman of
Nanotechnology Research Group, Prof. A. Lateef, were listed among the top 2% of
scholars across the globe as published by Stanford University/Elsevier B.V. The
invaluable contributions of this research group contribute to the favourable ranking of
the university.

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LAUTECH has solidified its position as a frontrunner in the field of nanotechnology in

Nigeria and deserves support for even greater achievements. Notably, five of our
scholars rank among the top 20 in the country for nanotechnology research, based on
papers indexed in Scopus over the past decade (2010-2020). I therefore implore the
Federal Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation to leverage on her esteemed
position to garner backing for the establishment of a center of excellence in nanoscience
and nanotechnology at LAUTECH, Ogbomoso. In our own little ways, through the
consideration and pursuance of a memorandum that was submitted by NANO+, the
university established a centre for nanoscience and nanotechnology research
(CEENANO). Our NANO+ group has consistently demonstrated prowess in cutting-
edge research, publications, training, and mentorship, culminating in the formation of
the first journal of nanotechnology (Nano Plus: Science and Technology of Nanomaterials) in
sub-Saharan Africa. As the research group celebrates its 10th anniversary, I am pleased
to announce that this flagship journal is now hosted by the African Journals Online
(AJOL), South Africa; a step that will further enhance its visibility and academic impact.

Nanotechnology stands as a formidable catalyst for national development, owing to its

versatile applications. It holds the potential to address a multitude of challenges facing
our nation - from environmental degradation and water scarcity to energy crises, food
insecurity, security concerns, infrastructural gaps, and the burden of diseases, among
others. Creatively harnessed, nanotechnology leads to innovation and the development
of new processes and products, with profound impacts on job creation and economic
stimulation. Therefore, Nigeria must act swiftly to embrace nanotechnology for
sustainable growth and development.

I express my gratitude to our keynote speaker, guest speakers, and all other invited
speakers, as well as our esteemed guests and participants, for gracing us with your
presence. Additionally, I congratulate NANO+ for achieving this significant milestone,
emphasizing that the university takes great pride in your contributions to the field of
nanotechnology. I encourage you not to relent in contributing to national development
and global advancement of knowledge.

I warmly invite all participants to join me in extending our heartfelt congratulations to

the NANO+ research group on the occasion of the 10th anniversary. This milestone
marks a decade of tireless dedication, groundbreaking research, and remarkable
contributions to the field of nanotechnology, not just within Ladoke Akintola University
of Technology (LAUTECH), but across Nigeria and beyond. This is worthy of emulation
and celebration.

I thank you all for your attention as I declare this 8th international conference on
nanotechnology open.

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GOODWILL MESSAGES
Prof. D.O. Araromi
Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academics and Innovation),
LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

I extend warm greetings to the Nanotechnology Research Group

(NANO+) on the occasion of your International Annual
Conference.

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the nanometer scale, has transformed

various industries and improved lives. Your Group's cutting-edge research in this field
has significantly contributed to LAUTECH's excellence.

Established in 2014, the Nanotechnology Research Group has grown into a

multidisciplinary team of renowned scholars, advancing knowledge in the synthesis,
characterization, application, and ecotoxicological safety evaluation of nanoparticles.
Your collaborations with local and international institutions have fostered innovation
and capacity building.

Your contributions have been instrumental in our ranking as the 12th best university in
Nigeria in World University 2025 and consistently maintaining the best state university
in Nigeria. Your dedication has enhanced our national standing and contributed to the
global knowledge base in nanotechnology, with potential applications in medicine,
energy, and environmental sustainability.

As Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Academic and Innovation, I acknowledge the Group's

outstanding contributions to LAUTECH's growth and excellence in research,
significantly impacting our upward trajectory in research quality and international
outlook. I am proud to recognize the Nanotechnology Research Group as a shining
example of LAUTECH's commitment to academic excellence and innovative research.

I urge you to continue pushing the boundaries of knowledge, fostering collaborations,

and inspiring the next generation of researchers. LAUTECH appreciates your hard
work and remains committed to supporting your endeavors and providing an enabling
environment for research excellence.

Please accept my warmest goodwill message and best wishes for a successful
conference.

Thank you.
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Prof. A.T.J. Ogunkunle

Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Strategy and Management),
LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

On this auspicious occasion of the 8th international

conference of Nanotechnology Research Group of Ladoke
Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
(LAUTECH NANO+), which coincides with the group’s
10th anniversary, I offer fraternal greetings and a
congratulatory message from the Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Strategy and
Development) of the University.

I am aware and exceedingly proud of the plethora of achievements that LAUTECH

NANO+, a multidisciplinary research group has recorded within the past ten years of its
birth. We are particularly pleased by your leadership role in advancing the knowledge
of nanotechnology, being the most prolific outfit in nanotechnology research and
development in Nigeria with a turnout of nearly 200 published articles within a short
period of 2014 till date. Your exemplary role in promoting multi-sectoral application of
nanotechnology is also applauded with an array of nano-based products that have been
developed by members of your group. These include but not limited to nanopaints,
nanotextiles, nanopesticides, nanobiocides, nanofertilizers, nanoadsorbents, and
nanofilters.

The laudable achievements enumerated above, coupled with your mentoring of

students and academics in over twenty universities and other institutions within and
outside Nigeria, as well as your ‘catch them young’ approach of expanding the outreach
of nanotechnology discourse to students of primary and secondary schools are sure
steps to ingrain nanoscience in Nigeria sustainable development efforts.

Added to our satisfaction with your attainments thus far, is the gratification that this
year‘s edition of the conference themed “Nanotechnology Revolution for Sustainable
Development: Securing the Future for the Benefits of Humanity” is part of the
continued effort of your group aimed at nanotechnology discourse for national
development.

I hereby congratulate the Head and members of LAUTECH NANO+ on this unique and
solemn occasion. I urge you to keep the flag flying in order to ensure further growth
and development of your group; then, the sky will not be the limit.

I thank you very profoundly for your patience and wish you happy and fruitful
deliberations.

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Prof. M.O. Alade

Dean, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences,
LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

On behalf of the board members of Faculty of Pure

and Applied Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso, it is a great pleasure and
honor to extend a warm welcome to all esteemed
participants, scholars, researchers, and industry
partners gathered for the 8th International Conference
on Nanotechnology (Hybrid): LAUTECH-NANO 2024
2024. Over the past decade, LAUTECH NANO+ has
not only showcased the groundbreaking strides in nanotechnology, but has also
contributed immensely to advancing knowledge, and fostering innovations.

As Dean of the Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, LAUTECH, I am incredibly proud
of the contributions this conference has made to the scientific community, both locally
and globally. The theme of this year's conference: Nanotechnology Revolution for
Sustainable Development: Securing the Future for the Benefits of Humanity, highlights
the transformative role that nanotechnology plays in addressing today’s critical
challenges in areas such as medicine, electronics, energy, agriculture, and
environmental sustainability. The work presented here reflects the unwavering
dedication of our researchers and the robust support of our partners, who are deeply
committed to leveraging nanotechnology for societal good.

This 10th anniversary celebration is also a testament to the collaborative spirit that
defines our faculty and our university. We have witnessed remarkable growth in
research quality, the breadth of topics explored, and the significant impact of our
findings in real-world applications. Our university, students, and research partners
have demonstrated resilience, curiosity, and a commitment to excellence, making
LAUTECH a beacon of innovation and progress.

I commend all those who have worked tirelessly to make LAUTECH NANO 2024 a
success. May this conference inspire new ideas, spark meaningful collaborations, and
further our shared vision for a future shaped by innovation. Congratulations on this
milestone, and may we continue to advance together in the years to come.

Thank you.

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Prof. O.S. Oladejo

Dean, faculty of Engineering and Technology,
LAUTECH, Ogbomoso

I am honored to be invited to deliver a goodwill message at

the 10th anniversary and LAUTECH NANO 2024 Conference.
I commend Prof. Agbaje Lateef, the Head of the NANO+
Research Group, for his outstanding leadership in assembling
experts from both industry and academia. This conference is a
crucial platform for sharing innovative ideas, and I look forward to the impactful
discussions that will emerge.

Dear members of the LAUTECH Nanotechnology Research Group, Congratulations on

reaching this significant milestone as you celebrate the 10th anniversary of the group
and the successful hosting of your latest conference. This moment marks a decade of
groundbreaking research, innovation, and unwavering commitment to advancing
nanotechnology and its applications. Your accomplishments over the past ten years
have established LAUTECH as a leader in scientific exploration, both in Nigeria and on
the global stage, and it has hitherto earned you a Centre of Excellence, to which early
this year, your proposal to the University for the establishment of a Centre of Excellence
on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research (CEENANO) was approved by the
University Senate and the Governing Council.

Your relentless pursuit of knowledge in nanotechnology is commendable. Through

dedicated efforts and strong collaboration, you have built a dynamic community that
drives innovation in critical areas such as materials science, medicine, and
environmental sustainability. As the world increasingly turns to nanotechnology for
solutions to its most pressing challenges, the contributions of the LAUTECH
Nanotechnology Research Group are essential and impactful. As you step into this next
chapter, continue to embody the spirit of dedication and innovation that defines your
group. Let your research leads to groundbreaking discoveries, and ensure that your
strong unity propels you forward. Here’s to wish you many more years of success,
growth, and significant breakthroughs.

Once again, congratulations, and let this conference be a powerful testament to

everything you have achieved and the promising future ahead. Wishing you a
successful and impactful event!

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Prof. B.A. Akinwande

Director of Academic Planning, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria

It is with great pride and admiration that I celebrate with

LAUTECH Nanotechnology Research Group on the 10th
year anniversary. Over the past decade, from 2014 to 2024,
this exceptional team has solidified its position as a leader
in nanotechnology research in Nigeria and beyond. One of
the most commendable milestones of the group is the
substantial contribution to global knowledge, with over
170 high-impact research publications in reputable
journals and books. This prolific output underscores the
commitment of the members to advancing the frontiers of science. Furthermore, their
collaborative spirit is evident in the partnerships in more than 30 Nigerian institutions
and international collaborations with scholars from Africa, Asia, and Europe.

The ‘Operation Catch Them Young’ initiative of the group indicates the forward-
thinking approach by nurturing interest in nanotechnology among primary and
secondary school students. Also, the training of numerous university students at all
levels ensures a legacy of skilled professionals that are equipped to drive future
innovations. All this signifies the dedication of the group to human capital
development.

The establishment of ‘Nano Plus: Science and Technology of Nanomaterials,’ which is the
first specialized nanotechnology journal in sub-Saharan Africa, represents a landmark
achievement. Now in its eighth volume and indexed in CrossRef, AJOL, and Google
Scholar, this journal amplifies the visibility and impact of the research findings of the
group within and beyond the continent.

Also, as recognized by LAUTECH for the invaluable contribution to research and

development, the group has secured three prestigious TETFund National Research
Fund grants. These accomplishments reflect an unwavering dedication to excellence
and a profound impact on both academia and industry.
Congratulations to the LAUTECH Nanotechnology Research Group at this 10th
anniversary for the outstanding achievements. Your work inspires and paves the way
for future scientific endeavours. I join others to celebrate you.

Thank you.

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Prof. O.S. Bello

Director, Centre for Research and Development,
LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool in

addressing global challenges and advancing sustainable
development. By manipulating materials at the
nanoscale, researchers have unlocked new possibilities in
various fields, including energy, healthcare, agriculture,
construction, transportation, and environmental
conservation thereby improving energy efficiency and energy conversion, leading to a
more sustainable and clean energy future, improving water purification processes,
enabling access to clean drinking water for communities, enabling targeted drug
delivery systems, early disease detection, and personalized medicine. This 2024 NANO
conference that is focused on securing the future for the benefits of humanity will be
addressing these possibilities. I wish all participants fruitful deliberations and
recommendations that will propel and reposition our society in the global community
as we progress in the various sessions of this conference.

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PLENARY LECTURES
Tetrapods based Smart Materials for Advanced
Technologies

Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Smart Materials
University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg,
Denmark

Considering the size dependent utilization complexities of nanoscopic dimensions tin

real technologies, the focus of nanomaterials community is converging to three-
dimensional (3D) nanomaterials which are built out of interconnected nanostructures
building blocks. This talk will briefly introduce the importance of tetrapod
nanostructures towards smart 3D nanostructuring via a simple and single step flame-
based approach for synthesis of zinc oxide tetrapods. These tetrapods have already
demonstrated their potential roles in many different technologies. These zinc oxide
tetrapods can be used as solid backbone or sacrificial templates to design hybrid or new
tetrapods as smart materials. These smart 3D nanomaterials offer many applications in
engineering and advanced technologies. Application examples of 3D tetrapods in
nanosensing, composite engineering, antiviral candidates, water purification,
piezotronics, and in several other applications will be demonstrated [1-10]. The
integration of tetrapods in composites, electrospun fibers offer many advantages in
biomedical engineering and few examples about nano-engineered electrospun fibers
will be presented as recent developments.

References
1. Chemical Engineering Journal 462, 141984, 2023
2. Progress in Materials Science 139, 101169, 2023
3. Progress in Polymer Science 101516, 2022
4. Materials Today 50, 533-569, 2021
5. Materials Today 48, 7-17, 2021.
6. Advanced Science 2100864, 2021
7. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 20007555, 2021
8. Materials Today 32, 108 -130, 2020
9. Advanced Functional Materials 1909725, 2020
10. Materials Today 6, 631-651, 2018

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Circularity and sustainable nanotechnology win-win

strategies to Sustainability; hinging the duo with!

Dare, E.O
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture,
Abeokuta, Nigeria

Nigeria is endowed with abundant biodiversity which, however,

remain under-utilized. Unfortunately, however, its poor waste management system led
us to an unprogressive linear economy (LE). In the circular economy, materials exist in
biological or technical cycles. The biological cycle is composed of materials from
renewable resources that, at the end of its useful lifetime, nourish and perpetuate as
natural, biochemical feedstocks. Materials in the technical cycle are sourced from finite
resources that have no conventional end-of-life; they are reused in the same or another
product in their current or in a transformed form. Sustainable nanotechnology research
to date illuminates immense synergies with the circular economy in several key areas,
providing opportunities to accelerate its successful roadmap to sustainability [Fig 1].
Sustainable nanotechnology is the development of science and technology within the 1
– 100 nanometer scale, with considerations to the long-term economic viability and a
sensible use of natural resources, while minimizing negative effects to human health
and the environment. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are incorporated in products
across all major markets. Thus, there is an opportunity to accelerate the circularity by
establishing connections between the past, present, and future of sustainable
nanotechnology concepts. The duo has win-win strategies to transform the technology
into sustainable, green, and clean alternatives to deal with global warming, climate
change consequences and functional devices. The question is what are/is the hinging
tool(s) for effective functioning of the duo in the realization of sustainability? Through
this presentation, I shall uncover the hinging tool(s) and how ENMs properties,
behaviours, and functions as well as the products they enable, are modified in natural
and engineered systems. While much of this work was initially pursued and discovered
through the lens of risk assessment and safety, the findings from our historic and
continued efforts [1-3], will ensure that the future of “the very small” fosters the circular
economy rather than becoming obsolete or forgotten in its wake. Therefore, striving
“win-win” for waste-to-wealth in sustainable nanotechnology cascade and a green
capital lens for sustainability remain the “master narrative” of this presentation.

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Figure 1: Strategic roadmap from the pivoted duo to sustainability

References
1. Alayande, S.; Akinlabi, A.K., Ayedun, P., Msagati, T. Dare, E.O..: (2021) Recovery of
crude oil from a crude oil adsorbent and simultaneous regeneration of the
nanoadsorbent. Publication Date: 29-03-2021. (US Patent No:11,065,602B2).
2. Alayande, S.; Msagati, T.; Dare, E.O. (2018): Remediation of crude oil spillage from
water using superhydrophobic electrospun nanofibre. Nigeria NOTAP Patent.
(Application No: NOTAP/IPR/358/24, Patent No. NG/2018/278.
3. Dare E. O.; Akinsipo, Basirat, Alayande Samson (2020): A nanoemulsified system of
Phytodrug for a novel transdermal treatment of type II Diabetes Mellitus. NOTAP
Patent: RP-NG/P/2020/155

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Advancements in chitosan-based nanoparticle

technology: securing drug delivery systems
through sustainable bio-nanohybrid approaches

Adewuyi, S
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of
Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, has emerged as

a versatile entrant for drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility,
biodegradability, and ability to form nanoparticles. Recent advancements in chitosan-
based nanoparticle technology are poised to revolutionize pharmaceutical applications,
particularly in enhancing the efficacy and targeting of therapeutic agents. This
presentation explores innovative bio-nanohybrid approaches that integrate chitosan
with various nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles and polymeric carriers, to
create multifunctional delivery systems. By leveraging the inherent properties of
chitosan, such as its mucoadhesive nature and ability to encapsulate a wide range of
drugs, chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) as a matrix in drug-release systems are basically in
two forms as beads and granules. However, the release rate of chitosan NPs bead
loaded drug has been found to be slower than its counterpart granular form.
Significantly, the emergence of chitosan-MNPs has resolved the draw backs of
conventional chemotherapeutic agents, especially non-specificity and selectivity. The
major parameters in the behavior of chitosan-MNPs are related to surface chemistry,
size (magnetic core, hydrodynamic volume and size distribution) and magnetic
properties. In typical studies using metal-magnetite nanohybrid as the magnetic core in
drug delivery system (DDS), chitosan-metal nanoparticles previously synthesized were
loaded with test drugs. This DDS showed faster and higher drug release as a result of
the porosity of the nanohybrid. The synergistic effects of these chitosan-based
nanoparticles not only offer exciting possibilities for targeted therapy and controlled
release but also highlight their potential to contribute to a more sustainable future in
drug delivery systems.

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TiO2-based photoactive materials: synthesis,

mechanism, and effectiveness for treating effluent
from petroleum refineries

Ezema, F.I
Nano Research Group, Department of Physics and
Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

These days, treating effluent from petroleum refineries is a big concern. Stricter rules
are being put in place, which emphasize the necessity of creating and utilizing cutting-
edge treatment technologies that can handle the dangerous organic contaminants found
in waste streams. Because of their high toxicity, poor biodegradability, and ecological
concerns, persistent organic compounds found in wastewater from petroleum refineries
constitute a severe discharge hazard. In the meantime, the solution lies in the sensible
application of photoactive nanoparticles based on TiO2 in photocatalytic wastewater
treatment. Because of its superior chemical stability and high redox potential over other
semiconductor photocatalysts, titanium dioxide has drawn the interest of photocatalysis
researchers. Although TiO2 has several advantages over other semiconductor
photocatalysts, its 3.2 eV band gap limits its use in the ultraviolet (λ < 387.5 nm) area of
the electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, one of the main obstacles in the field of
photocatalysis is the creation of visible-light active titanium dioxide. One of the main
issues facing the research community is increasing the visible-light spectrum sensitivity
of TiO2. Advances in the methods for activating visible light, the source of visible light
activity, and the electrical structure of different visible-light active TiO2 photocatalysts
are explored in this context. A number of strategies to find suitable bimetallic dopants
for better visible-light absorption and electron-hole separation to increase the
photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 are discussed, and potential recommendations are
also presented, based on recent advancements in the theory and experiments in visible-
light induced degradation of persistent organic pollutants. A rigorous evaluation is
conducted on the impact of several visible-light activation procedures on the electronic
structure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Photoactive nanoparticles based on TiO2
have the ability to break down persistent organic contaminants found in wastewater
from petroleum refineries. Several parameters, including pH, temperature, and catalyst
concentration, can be used to study the removal of such contaminants. we highlight
here the use of a cheap and recoverable photocatalyst based on TiO 2 for treating
wastewater from petroleum refineries.

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Electrochemical potentials of cobalt oxide

nanofluid for improved oil recovery with the aid of
electromagnetic filed

H. Soleimani
Department of Geoscience, Universiti Teknologi Petronas
32610 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia

Oil reservoir formation damage is a significant issue in

secondary and tertiary oil recovery operations. Enhanced oil
recovery (EOR) approaches can address these issues while
increasing production rates and resource recovery. However, challenges include
chemical degradation, high chemical volumes, and high costs. Nanotechnologies can
improve oil recovery by improving subsurface porous media and pore fluids,
separating fluid phases, and introducing influencing coatings. Cobalt oxide-based
materials have been extensively evaluated for their amphiphilic properties, thermal
stability, and high reactivity, which can modify physicochemical properties and
improve crude oil recovery. Coo nanoparticles were characterized using various
techniques, including FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry,
and FSEM. Results showed that Coo nanofluid positively affects reservoir mineral with
electromagnetic fields, improving oil recovery. It also improves thermal stability and
promotes stable emulsion formation and decreases the IFT up to a 45% for the light-
crude-oil/water system at low concentrations of nanofluid and can improve the thermal
stability with respect to Coo in a wide range of temperatures, favoring the formation of
stable emulsions.

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Funding research in Africa: Opportunities for

Nigerian scientists

Alabi, O.A
Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology,
Akure, Nigeria

Research is the systematic investigation into and study of

materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new
conclusions. Research funding on the other hand is a term
generally covering any funding for research activities
irrespective of the field of study. There are four main types of funding and these
include: scholarships and fellowships which are usually given to individuals; seed
funding which is usually intended to get the researcher started on a project; project
funding which is the main funding which the majority also referred to as research
funding; and prizes and awards which usually entails giving plaques, certificates, and
money. Local and international research funding are available to Nigeria researchers,
although, there are more international funding opportunities and very limited local
funding opportunities. Due to Nigeria's lack of participation, some international
funding bodies have started removing Nigeria's name from the list of eligible nations.
Available research funding for Nigerian researchers includes short term (3-6 months)
visit to other laboratories, split-program research funding (up to 1 year), and long term
(1-5 years) research funding. More funding opportunities are available for women than
men and for early career researchers than for senior researchers. One of the major ways
a Nigerian scientist can successfully carry out good quality research despite the paucity
of local funds is by having research collaborations, locally and internationally. Such
collaborations will not only provide an opportunity for reduced financial burden but
also enhance an improved research atmosphere through the sharing of ideas and
resources to achieve a conclusion which is not only locally acceptable but of
international dimension or application. The presentation will share information on
some of the available funding for Nigerian researchers and discuss ways of establishing
quality collaborations both locally and internationally.

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Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems:

challenges and opportunities

Bakre, L.G
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology,
Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria

Nanoparticles as drug delivery structures are being

increasingly used to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient
response to medication. A drug that cannot be delivered to its site of action is
essentially useless. In drug delivery applications, nanotechnology typically involves the
creation of nanoparticles (5 ∼ 800 nm) that are then used to package drug molecules and
genes. A number of diverse nano-sized structures have been investigated for drug
formulation and delivery, including small molecule and polymeric micelles, solid lipid
nanoparticles, nano-sized crystalline drug and drug-antibody conjugates, dendrimers,
liposomes, lipid emulsions, and solid drug-polymer nanoparticle dispersions.
Engineering of these particles has produced nanomedicines that target drugs and genes
to tumors and improve the brain delivery of peptides and other molecules. These
particles are also capable of promoting oral drug absorption and drug transport across
other biological barriers such as the cornea and the skin. These nanomaterials provide a
high degree of biocompatibility before and after conjugation to biomolecules for specific
function so as to translate into nanomedicines and clinical practice. Nanomaterials
provide for a favorable blood half-life and physiologic behavior with minimal off-target
effects, effective clearance from the human organism, and minimal or no toxicity to
healthy tissues in living organisms. Nanomaterials have been used for strategic
development of new drug delivery systems and reformulation of existing drugs to
enhance the effectiveness, patent protection, patient-compliance, safety of drugs and
decreasing the cost of health care. Recent advances in nanodrug delivery suggest that
the forthcoming generations of nano products will have target specificity, may carry
multiple drugs and could potentially serve as carriers for the treatment and
management of chronic diseases such as cancer, asthma, hypertension, HIV and
diabetes. Currently, only a few of these nanodrugs are commercially available such as
liposomes, low molecular weight micelles and polymer–drug conjugates; but the
therapeutic benefits being observed in both preclinical studies and early clinical testing
suggest that more of these technologies will emerge into the patient arena in the future.
As nanodrug delivery continues to evolve, it stands poised to reshape the landscape of
pharmaceuticals, offering the promise of more effective and patient-centered therapies
for a wide range of medical conditions.

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African bioresources as substrates for sustainable

nanotechnology

Elemike, E.E
Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

Africa has a lot of bioresources, even when these resources

are presumed as wastes, they still serve ultimately as
substrates for production of nanomaterials. There are a lot of
bioresources which have been used for the synthesis of nanomaterials including the
organic, inorganic, carbon based and nanocomposites materials. The biocomponents of
different medicinal plants have been utilized to synthesize many inorganic or metal-
based nanoparticles that offer applications as anticancer, antimicrobials, wound healing,
antioxidants and so on. Nanocellulose from agricultural wastes have also been applied
in drug delivery system and tissue engineering due to their endearing properties. Snail
shells are good source of chitosan, a versatile bio-based material for sustainable
production and economic development. Nanochitosan is applied over a wide range of
fields like biomedical and pharmaceutical, water engineering, and sustainable
agricultural production and management. Chitosan is used as smart material in drug
formulation and drug delivery system due to its pH and temperature sensitivities. Its
potentiality in filtration membrane system for wastewater treatment as adsorbent is
well known, though with some limitations. A nonmetal- based semiconductor material
called graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4 or g-CN) is currently gaining tractions and a hot
research topic in the energy and environment sectors because of its exceptional and
interesting characteristics such as increased stability (chemical and thermal), unique
bandgap energy and valence band, effective conductivity, and cost-effectiveness. This g-
C3N4 can be obtained using different plant extracts and biological agents. Green plants
are highly rich in natural carbon and nitrogen compounds, such as glucose, aloin,
protein, etc. However, g-CN research is making more ways than other carbon-based
materials due to the presence of elements such as C, N, O, and H, thus making it more
electron-rich and having multifunctional properties. Some other biomaterials such as
water hyacinth can be utilized as nanobiochar (or nano-enabled biochar) for green
fertilizer production offers a promising strategy for waste management, environmental
remediation, improvement of waterway transportation infrastructure, and agricultural
sustainability. Hydrothermal treatment can convert corn cobs into carbon dots which
can be used for wastewater treatment, energy storage, environmental remediation and
also nanomedicine. There are more to the potentials of the available bioresources in the
African continent towards the development of nanotechnology, hence concerted efforts
are required to extend the frontiers.

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ABSTRACTS OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Determination of elemental composition of bitter kola (Garcinia kola)

using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) method

Garba, A.A
Department of Electrical and Electronics, Katsina State Institute of Technology and Management, Katsina,
Nigeria
*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/P001 Abstract

Keywords Garcinia kola, commonly known as bitter kola, is a widely

Garcinia kola consumed plant species in many parts of the world, particularly in
EDXRF Africa, where it holds cultural, social, and economic significance.
Elemental composition Understanding the elemental composition of bitter kola is crucial
Bioactive compounds for assessing its nutritional value and potential health benefits.
The aim of this work is to determine the elemental composition of
bitter kola and the level of their biological effects by determining
the nutritional values of bitter kola. The samples were analyzed at
the National Geoscience Research Laboratory (NGRL) Kaduna,
using high-resolution Energy Destructive X-ray Fluorescence
(EDXRF) technique. A minimal 425kv, Dy No. 1055 XRF machine
was utilized, with each sample subjected to analysis for a period of
200 seconds to emit or fluoresce their characteristic elements.
Fourteen different elements were detected namely Ni, As, Cr, Co,
Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, V, Na, K, and Ca. The analysis revealed
significant variations in the elemental composition of the samples.
Potassium oxide (K2O) exhibited the highest oxide composition at
33.80%, while Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) showed the lowest at
0.10%. Potassium (K) had the highest percentage concentration
overall, with 28.06% in the elemental composition. The crushed
coated sample of bitter kola displayed the lowest concentration of
Arsenic (0.064%) and Potassium (0.024%) among all samples. The
findings indicate that the presence and concentration of certain
elements, such as Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, and Copper, vary
significantly across different samples of Garcinia kola. These
elements play vital roles in human physiological functions,
including blood pressure regulation, heart health, metabolism,
nerve transmission, and bone strength. Additionally, some
elements are particularly important for pregnant women,
contributing to fetal development and maternal health. This study
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provides valuable insights into the elemental composition of

various bitter kola, highlighting their nutritional significance and
potential health benefits. Further research is warranted to explore
the correlation between elemental content and specific health
outcomes associated with bitter kola consumption, paving the way
for informed dietary recommendations and potential therapeutic
applications. We propose that nanotechnology can also enhance
the potencies of bitter kola as alternative medicine.

References
Eleyinmi et al. (2006). Chemical composition of bitter kola (Garcinia
kola) seed and hulls. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 56:
395-400.

Icheku et al. (2018). A descriptive cross-sectional study on various

uses and outcomes of Garcinia kola among people of Oshimili
North in the Delta State of Nigeria. Ayu 39: 132-138.

Tauchen et al. (2023). Garcinia kola: a critical review on chemistry

and pharmacology of an important West African medicinal plant.
Phytochemistry Review 23:1-47.

Akintelu et al. (2021). Green synthesis, characterization, and

antibacterial investigation of synthesized gold nanoparticles
(AuNPs) from Garcinia kola pulp extract. Plasmonics 16: 157-165.

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Encapsulation of Justicia carnea leaf extract with different wall materials

Oladeji, O.A1*., Awolu, O.O2., Falade, O.O1., and Agbi, P.I1

1Department of Food Science and Technology, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology,
Okitipupa, Nigeria; 2Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology,
Akure, Nigeria
*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/B002 Abstract

Keywords The study evaluates the influence of different wall matrix on the
Justicia carnea bioactive substances in encapsulated Justicia carnea leaf extract for
Encapsulation use in food fortification. The leaf of J. carnea is commonly used for
Wall materials the treatment of nutritional anaemia which affect over 2 million
Nutritional values people around the world. Encapsulation involves formulation of
Food fortification thin layer protection around bioactive components of food matrix
to prevent environmental and enzymatic degradation and
preserve bioactivity and control release of the substance at the
active site. Encapsulation may be achieved either on nano scale (1-
100 nm) or micro scale (1-1000 µm). The thin layer formed is
referred to as wall matrix or nano/micro carrier, while the
bioactive substance entrapped is the core matrix. Wall materials
commonly used are chitosan, starches, alginates, proteins, lipids
etc. In this study, gelatin, maltodextrin, gum Arabic and starch
were used in two combinations (1:3) to obtain four types of wall
matrix (Gum arabic:Maltodextrin, Gelatin:Maltodextrin, Gum
arabic:Starch, and Gelatin:Starch) which were dissolved with
water to obtain 20% w/v J. carnea leaf was extracted with water
and concentrated using rotary evaporator and the resulting
extract was added in ratio 1:2 to the wall material and
homogenized. Encapsulation was achieved by homogenization at
240 rev/50 cycles for 30 min, followed by freeze drying. The
samples obtained are AGM (core + Gum Arabic: maltodextrin);
BGM (core + Gelatin:Maltodextrin); CGS (core +Gum
arabic:Starch) and DGS (core + Gelatin:Starch). Carotenoids,
chlorophyl, and anthocyanin were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in
the sample containing starch and gum arabic (CGS) as the wall
matrix than other samples, while betalain was higher in sample
BGM. vitamins E and D, Ca and Mn in sample CGS (0.44 and 0.36
µg/100g; 51.65 and 1.55 mg/100g) and DGS (0.45 and 0.37
µg/100g; 51.96 and 1.67 mg/100g) were not significantly different
from each other but significantly higher than those present in
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sample AGM (0.31 and 0.34; 1.16 and 35.55) and BGM (0.34 and
0.25; 31.50 and 1.15) while vitamins B1, B3 and C were higher in
sample DGS (1.94, 0.20 and 2.71) than others (0.87-1.36, 0.09-0.15
and 1.44-2.64). Sample DGS has significantly lower (6.19%)
solubility than others (6.48-7.86%). Samples moisture content falls
within 4.56 to 7.89%. Characterization of the particles with
scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed irregular shaped
particles mostly polyhedral with size range of 10.53-14.16 µm for
all the samples. Formation of clusters (agglomeration) is observed
mostly in particles of sample AGM and CGM. Differential
Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed onset transition temperature
range of 76.1 to 87.3 oC for all the samples. The particles are
endothermic and amorphous in nature except for sample CGS
which became semi-crystalline at about 203.2 oC. Sample DGS has
the highest (76%) encapsulation efficiency and sample BGM (59%)
having the least. The study showed either gelatin or gum arabic
with starch as wall material encapsulates bioactive substances in J.
carnea leaf better, while composite wall containing starch and
gelatine is more efficient. The study output may be applied in food
fortification and pharmaceuticals.

References
Wood et al. (2020). Characterization of isolated extracts from
Justicia plant leaves used as remedy for anemia. Molecules 25: 534.

Saifullah, Md et al. (2019). Micro and nano encapsulation, retention

and controlled release of flavor and aroma compounds: A critical
review. Trends in Food Science and Technology 86: 230-251.

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The effect of Ce doping on the magnetic properties of NdFe11Ti alloys

Shehu, J1,2*., Shchetinin, I.V2., and Habib, Z.G1
1Department of Physics, Federal College of Education, Kano, Nigeria; 2 Department of Physical Material
Science, National Research Technological University, Moscow, Russian Federation
*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/P003 Abstract

Keywords The studied alloys exhibit good magnetic properties, that attracts
Magnetic properties the interest of future research, which could lead to its commercial
(Nd1-xCex) Fe11Ti alloys and industrial applications. The investigation of the structure and
ThMn12-type structures magnetic properties of (Nd1-xCex) Fe11Ti alloys, revealed that, Ce
(I4/mmm) doping has effect on the structure and magnetic properties of the
Hysteresis properties alloys after arc-melting process. The main phase of the processed
Arc-melting alloys are compounds with ThMn12-type structures (I4/mmm).
After smelting (as cast), the main phases resulted to have volume
fractions of 74 - 80 vol.% and an average grain size of 100 - 150 nm.
The volume of the unit cell is nearly the same by a unit difference
with impurities as the remaining phase, where the values that
does not exceed 10 - 15 vol.% of the alloys composition. The phase
structure inhomogeneity (crystalline multiphase state and
dendritic segregation) of the alloys in the cast state explained as
the result of change in hysteresis properties.

References
Hirayama et al. (2015). NdFe12Nx hard-magnetic compound with
high magnetization and anisotropy field. Scripta Materialia 95: 70-
72.

Negri et al. (2004). Magnetic anisotropy and magnetisation

processes in 3: 29, 1: 12 and 2: 17 type Nd:(Fe, Co, Ti) related
compounds. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 269: 302-
310.

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Comparative study on the antimicrobial activity of polyvinyl

pyrrolidone stabilized silver nanoparticles and lemongrass essential oil

Ibraheem, S.A1*., Balarabe, F.T1,2., Adegbe, E.A1., Musa, M.J1., Balogun, E.O3., and
Barminas, J.T1,4
1Scientific
and Industrial Research Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology
(NARICT), Zaria, Nigeria; 2Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria;
3Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; 4Department of Chemistry,

Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria

*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

NANO2024/B004 Abstract

Keywords The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens

Silver nanoparticles and the emergence of new infectious diseases underscore the
Antimicrobial urgent need for novel and potent antimicrobial agents.
Essential oil Nanotechnology is an emerging area with promising potential for
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone biomedical sciences. In this study, we sought to compare the
Lemongrass antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles stabilized with
polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and essential oils derived from
Lemongrass leaf cultivated in Nigeria. The synthesized
nanoparticles were characterized using Transmission Electron
Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-
visible spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR)
and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The lemongrass oil was extracted via
hydro-distillation of the leaf and subjected to Gas
Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) analysis to
reveal the bioactive constituents. The antimicrobial activities of the
silver nanoparticles and the essential oil were evaluated against
select bacterial pathogens (both gram-negative and gram-positive).
In addition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined by
the microdilution method. All the microscopic and spectrometric
analyses confirmed the successful formation of the silver
nanoparticles. Both the PVP stabilized silver nanoparticles and the
essential oils from the lemongrass leaf exhibited strong
antimicrobial effect against tested bacteria. The findings from this
study suggest that both the PVP stabilized silver nanoparticles and
bioactive compounds found in essential oils from Lemongrass
exhibited antimicrobial activities and may have useful applications

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in development of plant based nanodrugs as antibacterial

alternatives.

References
Scandorieiro et al. (2016). Synergistic and additive effect of oregano
essential oil and biological silver nanoparticles against multidrug-
resistant bacterial strains. Frontiers in Microbiology 7: 760.

Malina et al. (2012). Silver nanoparticles synthesis with different

concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Digest Journal of
Nanomaterials and Biostructures 7: 1527-1534.

Zhangabay, Z., and Berillo, D. (2023). Antimicrobial and

antioxidant activity of AgNPs stabilized with Calendula officinalis
flower extract. Results in Surfaces and Interfaces 11: 100109.

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Innovations in nano-based sunscreens: advancing skin protection

through nanotechnology

Salau, A.K*., Shehu, M.S., Olarewaju, O.I, and Adisa, K.O

Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila-Orangun, Nigeria
*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

NANO2024/B005 Abstract

Keywords Recent advancements in nanotechnology are revolutionizing the

Nano-based sunscreens development of next-generation sunscreens. This review examines
Nanocarriers how integrating nanoparticles into sunscreen formulations can
Nanoemulsions significantly enhance their efficacy, stability, and safety.
Zirconia nanoparticles Specifically, we explore the application of lipid-based
Sun protection factor nanocarriers, including nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and
(SPF) nanoemulsions, which facilitate controlled delivery and bolster the
sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreens. Additionally, we
investigated natural alternatives, such as botanical nanoemulsions
and zirconia nanoparticles, which offer UV protection with
reduced cytotoxicity. The synergistic effects of innovative
nanocomposites are also explored; these include the combination
of inorganic UV filters like titanium dioxide with clays such as
montmorillonite to achieve superior photoprotection and potential
antimutagenic benefits. By this review, we highlight the promise
of nanotechnology in creating sunscreens with enhanced
photoprotective properties and minimal side effects, and we
consider their potential applications in treating photosensitive skin
conditions.

References
Felippim et al. (2020). Development of photoprotective
formulations containing nanostructured lipid carriers: sun
protection factor, physical-mechanical and sensorial properties.
AAPS PharmSciTech 21(8): 308.

Guimarães de Sá et al. (2021). Photoprotective activity of zirconia

nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 205: 111636.

Kumar, N., & Jose, J. (2020). Current developments in the

nanomediated delivery of photoprotective phytochemicals.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27(35): 43528-43546.

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Mohanty et al. (2022). Novel cosmeceutical formulations: a better

approach to photoprotection. International Journal of Applied
Pharmaceutics 14(4): 27-34.

Souto et al. (2022). Lipid nanomaterials for targeted delivery of

dermocosmetic ingredients: advances in photoprotection and skin
anti-aging. Nanomaterials 12(3): 377.

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Nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems for dermatological disorders

Salau, A.K1*., Shehu, M.S1., Sorunke, T.A2., Adeyemo, A.A1., Adeusi, H.A1., Dada,
S.O1., and Amusan, K.A1
1Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila-Orangun, Nigeria; 2Department
of Microbiology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila-Orangun, Nigeria
*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/B006 Abstract

Keywords Can nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems revolutionize the

Skin delivery treatment of dermatological disorders? This review examines
Drug penetration recent research on the use of nanoemulsions in dermatology,
Topical treatment emphasizing their potential for both dermal and transdermal
Azelaic acid applications. Nanoemulsions enhance drug permeation through
Skin conditions the skin by fluidizing stratum corneum lipid bilayers, offering
improved drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. The
effectiveness of nanoemulsions hinges on their composition and
characteristics, particularly droplet size and zeta potential, which
dictate their stability and penetration ability. These systems have
demonstrated success in treating various skin conditions,
particularly in delivering anti-inflammatory agents with reduced
systemic side effects. Advantages over conventional methods
include bypassing first-pass metabolism and providing controlled
drug release. While generally considered non-toxic and non-
irritant, further human studies are needed to fully evaluate their
safety for long-term use. This review further explores
nanoemulsions loaded with active pharmaceutical ingredients for
skin applications, focusing on their design, synthesis, and
characterization. Enhanced drug penetration through skin layers
and interaction with hair follicles are particularly highlighted. Key
active ingredients like azelaic acid, niacinamide, ascorbic acid, and
salicylic acid are evaluated for their efficacy when delivered via
nanoemulsions. We also compared these formulations with
traditional topical treatments, showcasing improved
bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes. Case studies of
nanoemulsion-based treatments for conditions such as psoriasis,
eczema, alopecia, melanoma, and acne demonstrate the versatility
of this approach. Overall, this review provides insights into the
current state and potential of nanoemulsion technology in
dermatology, emphasizing the need for continued research and
development in this field.
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References
Alvarado et al. (2015). Nanoemulsions for dermal controlled
release of oleanolic and ursolic acids: In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo
characterization. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 130: 40-47.

Carter et al. (2019). Biocompatible nanoparticles and vesicular

systems in transdermal drug delivery for various skin diseases.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics 555: 49-62.

Nastiti et al. (2017). Topical nano and microemulsions for skin

delivery. Pharmaceutics 9(4): 37.

Qu et al. (2022). Advanced nanocarrier- and microneedle-based

transdermal drug delivery strategies for skin diseases treatment.
Theranostics 12(5): 2196-2220.

Rai et al. (2018). Nanoemulsion as pharmaceutical carrier for

dermal and transdermal drug delivery: Formulation development,
stability issues, basic considerations and applications. Journal of
Controlled Release 270: 203-225.

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Development of nanocomposite for military body armour applications:

potentials and challenges in Nigeria

Muhammad, I.D1*., Arudi I.S1., and Haruna, A.S2

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; 2Department of Science and
Technology, Centre for Strategic Research and Studies, National Defence College Nigeria, Abuja

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P007 Abstract

Keywords During numerous military combat operations, ammunitions or

Ballistics impact bullets are exchanged at various velocities between troops. To stop
Body armour or reduce the speed of bullets, ballistic impact-resistant body
Fibres armour (BIR) items such as vests, helmets, and plates are
Nanocomposites manufactured and used globally. With a force of more than
230,000 active personnel, the Nigerian military is one of the largest
in Africa and thus has also participated in the production of
bulletproof wares such as vests, helmets, and plates. This was
attained through collaboration between the Defence Industries
Corporation of Nigeria (DICON) and two (2) private companies
with the establishment of manufacturing plants in Kaduna and
Lagos. However, most bulletproof wares made from conventional
materials affect the target or person to suffer from blunt force
trauma, severe bruising, or damage to vital organs. There are also
environmental challenges in getting and disposing of materials
used for making existing bulletproof materials. As a way out,
nanocomposite materials are currently being developed for
bulletproof products due to their unique properties such as high
strength-to-weight ratios, excellent energy absorption capability,
high stiffness, and elevated strength for various ballistic and anti-
impact applications. If adopted in Nigeria, the nanocomposite
technology could lead to the creation of home-grown, high-
performance bulletproof materials, reducing reliance on imported
products, and stimulating local economic growth. As a way out,
this paper reviews the potential and challenges of developing
Nano-based composites locally for applications in making
bulletproof wares.

References
Eugene Edwards et al. (2018). Overview of nanotechnology in
military and aerospace applications published in Nanotechnology
Commercialization: Manufacturing Processes and Products.
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Edited by Thomas O. Mensah, BenWang, Geoffrey Bothun,

JessicaWinter, and Virginia Davis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Siengchin, S. (2023). A review on lightweight materials for defence

applications: Present and future developments. Defence Technology
24: 1- 17.

Sharon et al. (2019). Nanotechnology in the Defense Industry:

Advances, Innovation, and Practical Applications, (133–164).
Scrivener Publishing LLC.

van Wegen, F.T.M., and Carton, E.P. (2011). New Lightweight

Metals for Armors presented at the International Symposium on
Ballistics at Miami, Florida, USA Volume: 26.

Li et al. (2021). Research Progress of Armor Protection Materials.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1855: 012035.

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Bimetallic iron oxide nanoparticles for antimycobacterial applications

Badejo, M*., Tapfuma, K., Mpundu, H., Baatjies, L., and Mavumengwana, V
South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology
and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town,
South Africa

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B008 Abstract

Keywords Metallic nanomaterials are flexible nanostructures and can be used

Iron oxide as nano-vehicles for therapeutic agents. The aim of the study was
Metals to investigate the antimicrobial effect of iron oxide nanoparticles
Mycobacterium smegmatis (IONS) stabilized with one or more metals against Mycobacterium
Nanoparticles smegmatis mc2155. IONS were synthesized via the chemical co-
precipitation of FeSO4.7H2O and FeCl.6H2O. The resulting IONS
were surface-coated with Ag, Au, Cu, and Ni to produce
bimetallic nanoparticles: Ag@NION, Au@ION, Cu@ION, and
Ni@ION, respectively and characterized using various
spectroscopy and microscopy techniques including Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
(EDX), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass
Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Time-
kill antimycobacterial activity assays were performed to
investigate the synergistic effects of the bimetallic nanoparticles.
Afterwards, ternary nanoparticles (Ag/Cu@ION and
Ag/Ni@ION) were synthesized from active synergistic
combinations, and antimycobacterial activity was evaluated. The
uptake of nanoparticles by M. smegmatis was quantified through
ICP-MS, and their cytotoxicity was assessed on murine RAW 264.7
macrophage cells. The synthesized nanoparticles had an average
diameter size ranging from 16.86 nm to 33.5 nm. SEM/EDX
further confirmed the synthesis of the bimetallic and trimetallic
nanoparticles. Among the bimetallic nanoparticles, Ag@ION and
Cu@ION demonstrated antimicrobial potential, with minimum
inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 3.9 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL,
respectively, unlike Au@ION and NiION (MIC > 250.0 µg/mL).
Synergized bimetallic nanoparticles exhibited antimycobacterial
activity in the following order: Ag@ION+Cu@ION (0.5 µg/mL + 1
µg/mL) > Ag@ION+Ni@ION (1.0 µg/mL + 7.8 µg/mL) >
Ag@ION+Au@ION (4 µg/mL + 31.25 µg/mL). Similarly, ternary

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nanoparticles followed the trend of Ag/Cu@ION > Ag/Ni@ION,

with MIC of 1.95 µg/mL and 3.9 µg/mL, respectively. The
nanoparticles induced morphological changes in treated M.smeg
cells, and an ICP-MS study revealed the uptake of Ag, Cu, and Fe
into the cells. Additionally, the nanoparticles were found to be
non-toxic to RAW 264.7 macrophage cells at the MIC
concentrations. Ag@ION, Cu@ION, Ag/Cu@ION demonstrated
potent antimycobacterial effect against M. smegmatis. The
antimicrobial effect of synergized Ag@ION + Cu@ION, and
Ag@ION + Ag@NiION was higher than their respective
individual effects. The nanoparticles also induced morphological
changes in treated cells. Future studies will explore the impact of
these nanoparticles at the genomic level.

References
Estelrich et al. (2015). Iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetically
guided and magnetically responsive drug delivery. International
Journal of Molecular Science 16: 8070–8101.

Nowak-Jary, J., and Machnicka, B. (2023) in vivo biodistribution

and clearance of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for medical
applications. International Journal of Nanomedicine 18: 4067–4100.

Unnikrishnan et al. (2023). Exploration of inorganic nanoparticles

for revolutionary drug delivery applications: a critical review.
Discover Nano 18: 157.

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Application of nanotechnology in renewable energy

Lawal, M
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Technology, Katsina State Institute of
Technology and Management (KSITM), Katsina, Nigeria

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P009 Abstract

Keywords The great technological challenges in 21st century is the

Nanotechnology development of renewable energy technologies due to serious
Renewable energy problems related with the generation and use of energy.
Solar Nanotechnologies area of research considered nowadays as one of
Hydro the most recommended choices to solve this problem. The aim of
Wind this review is to introduce several significant applications of
Biomass nanotechnology in renewable energy systems. Papers reviewed
Geothermal were Desk (theoretical) research works only related with
nanotechnology applications in solar, hydro, wind, biomass, and
geothermal. A lot of literatures were reviewed and summarized
carefully to give an overview about the role of nanotechnology in
improving the various sources of renewable energies. This paper
can be considered as an important bridge between nanotechnology
and all available kinds of renewable energies. From the other side,
these researches study the effect of nanotechnology to enhance the
renewable energy industry especially in solar, hydro, wind,
biomass, and geothermal.

References
Daryoush, B., and Darvish, A. (2013). A case study and review of
nanotechnology and nanomaterials in green architecture. Research
Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 5(2): 78-84.

Demirbas, A. (2009). Global renewable energy projections. Energy

Sources, Part B 4(2): 212-224.

Gupta et al. (2012). An overview of nanofluids: A new media

towards green environment. International Journal of Environmental
Sciences 3(1): 433-440.

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Highly efficient CsPbBr3 Perovskite solar cells with TiO2 nanoparticles

and quaternary chalcogenide Cu2FeSnS4 as charge transport channels

Danladi, E1*., and Yusuf, A.S2

1Department of Physics, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Nigeria; 2Department of Physics,
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P010 Abstract

Keywords Cesium-based perovskite solar cells have received tremendous

Perovskite solar cells research interest in the domain of photovoltaic due their high
SCAPS-1D stability and low cost, but their performances are challenged with
Charge transport low output when compared to their organic-inorganic halide
channels counterpart. In this research work, the one-dimensional solar cell
TiO2 NPs capacitance simulation (SCAPS-1D) tool was used to investigate
Cu2FeSnS4 the photovoltaic (PV) performance of CsPbBr3-based PSC with
CsPbBr3 different hole transport layers (HTLs) which include copper
thiocyanate (CuSCN), copper iodide (CuI), magnesium doped
copper delafossite (Mg-CuCrO2), copper oxide (CuO), copper
antimony sulphide (CuSbS2), quaternary copper-iron-tin sulfide
(CFTS) and copper barium thiostannate (CBTS). The best device
configuration was ITO/TiO2/CsPbBr3/CFTS/Au which gave a
power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.665%. Further study was
carried out on the optimized configuration by varying the
thickness of electron transport layer (ETL), doping concentration
of ETL and absorber, defect density of the absorber, thickness of
absorber and thickness of HTL to obtain 0.01 μm, 1020 cm-3, 1012
cm-3, 1014 cm-2, 0.5 μm and 1.2 μm as optimized values. After
proper simulation with the optimized data, a PCE of 26.032% was
obtained with TiO2 and CFTS as charge transport channels. This
shows an enhancement of ~2.06 times in PCE over the
unoptimized device. Additionally, the influence of temperature,
metal work function, series resistance and shunt resistance were
also studied and found to affect the performance of the optimized
device. This simulation alongside the validated results shows the
real potential of CsPbBr3 absorber, creating a major research
pathway for the PV industry to develop less expensive and high-
performing devices.

References
Hossain et al. (2023). Numerical analysis in DFT and SCAPS-1D on
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Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat. 8 (2024) 105-278

the influence of different charge transport layers of CsPbBr3

Perovskite solar cells. Energy and Fuels 37(8): 6078–6098.

Durodola et al. (2023). Highly efficient lead-free perovskite solar

cell based on magnesium doped copper delafossite hole transport
layer: A SCAPS-1D framework prospect. Emergent Materials 6:
1665-1684.

Danladi et al. (2023). Defect and doping concentration study with

series and shunt resistance influence on graphene modified
perovskite solar cell: A numerical investigation in SCAPS-1D
framework. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society 100: 101001.

Valeti et al. (2023). Numerical simulation and optimization of lead

free CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite solar cell with CuSbS2 as HTL using
SCAPS 1D. Results in Optics 12: 100440.

Mamta et al. (2023). Ideal HTLs may open the door for further
development of Sb2Se3 solar cells. a numerical approach.
Sustainability 15(13): 10465.

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Application and impact of nanotechnology in solar cells for human

development

Garba, A.A
Department of Electrical and Electronics, Katsina State Institute of Technology and Management, Katsina,
Nigeria
*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/P011 Abstract

Keywords Energy is a fundamental demand for humankind. With increases

Nanotechnology in technological advances, the demand for energy is rapidly
Solar cell increasing, new renewable energy technologies in a variety of
Thermo-photoelectric shapes and forms are developing daily. Nanotechnology has the
Environment potential to significantly extend the lifespan and capacity of
Nanoparticles sunlight-based energy sources while also helping to address
Humankind current efficiency challenges. A variety of real cycles that can be
applied to the management and transfer of solar energy have been
mapped out at the nanoscale. A further era of better execution
items has been made possible by the application of
nanotechnology in sun-oriented cells. In light of the intensifying
competition for sustainable energy options, a range of different
approaches have been investigated in order to expand the options.
In the areas of sun-oriented cell age, multi-age, range adjustment,
thermo-photoelectric cells, hot transporter, centre band, and many
other techniques, new standards have been researched. It has been
demonstrated that nanoparticles and nanostructures can improve.
For the purpose of producing significant amounts of power on a
wide scale, today's solar cells are just too expensive to
manufacture and too inefficient. On the other hand, possible
developments in nanotechnology might make it possible to
produce solar cells that are somehow more efficient and less
expensive. In the solar industry, nanotechnology has already
demonstrated enormous advancements. They are an entirely
different kind of solar cell from anything you could have
imagined. While solar cell performance may be improved via
nanotechnology, which can be the most promising use to the
environment.

References
Reddy et al. (2014). On global energy scenario, dye-sensitized solar
cells and the promise of nanotechnology. Physical Chemistry
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Chemical Physics 16(15): 6838-6858.

Sethi et al. (2011). Use of nanotechnology in solar PV cell.

International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 2(2): 77.

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Self-sustaining solution combustion synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles:

effect of fuel on particle properties and antimicrobial activity

Masokano, D.S.A1,2*., Sadiq, I.A3., and Sani, U3

1Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Nigeria; 2School of Chemistry and Physics,
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; 3Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P012 Abstract

Keywords Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) involves self-sustained

Nanoparticles exothermic reactions between a metal nitrate (oxidizer) and an
Zinc oxide organic fuel (reducer) along an aqueous or sol-gel medium. Here-
Solution combustion in we report SCS of two ZnO nanopartices synthesised using urea
synthesis and citric acid as fuels (ZnO-U and ZnO-C.A, respectively). These
Antimicrobial activities samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, BET and TGA
techniques. The properties of these samples were compared with
that of a reference sample (ZnO-P) synthesized via a simple
precipitation method. The ZnO-U sample is more amorphous
based on the broader XRD, showing smaller particle sizes and
higher BET surface area. The ZnO-C.A was more crystalline with
bigger particles sizes and smaller surface area. The properties of
the reference sample (ZnO-P) in terms of particle sizes and surface
area were in between the two SCS samples. The SEM images of the
SCS samples showed particles with irregular morphology. While
the ZnO-U sample appeared as sponge-like particles, the ZnO-C.A
showed gravel-like particles of bigger sizes at the same
magnification. The particles of the reference sample (ZnO-P) also
showed irregular morphology but the particle sizes were
comparably more uniformly distributed. The TGA results of the
samples showed that the order of decreasing thermal stability of
the samples is as follows: ZnO-C.A > ZnO-U > ZnO-P. The
antimicrobial activities of the samples were evaluated based on
two bacterial isolates: Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli, and
two fungal isolates: Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus
using the disc diffusion method (DDM). The ZnO-C.A showed the
least antimicrobial activity, while higher zones of inhibition were
observed for the ZnO-U sample at all concentrations, which also
showed lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.80-
2.40 μg/ml against all the test organisms.

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References
Azizi et al. (2020). Solution combustion synthesis of ZnO
nanoparticles: A review. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 22(10): 251.

Kumar et al. (2020). ZnO nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization,

and antimicrobial applications. Journal of Materials Science:
Materials in Medicine 31(10): 107.

Ramesh et al. (2013). Combustion synthesis and characterization of

ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in
Electronics 24(10): 17-22.

Singh et al. (2011). Solution combustion synthesis of ZnO

nanoparticles using oxalic acid as fuel. Journal of Nanoparticle
Research 13(10): 4535-4544.

Thiruvengadam et al. (2020). ZnO nanoparticles: Synthesis,

characterization, and antimicrobial applications. Journal of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20(10): 5847-5853.

156
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Comparing the effects of nano and microparticles sizes on the properties

of hybrid copper alloys made via SPS technique

Eze, A.A1*., Sadiku, E.R1., Kupolati, W.K2., Snyman, J2., Ndambuki, J.M2., and
Ibrahim, I.D3
1Institute
for Nano Engineering Research (INER) and Department of Chemical, Metallurgy and Materials
Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; 2Department of Civil
Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; 3Department of Industrial
Engineering and Operations Management and Mechanical Engineering (IEOMME), Vaal University of
Technology South Africa
*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/P013 Abstract

Keywords A CuNb(TiB2)C multi-principal element alloy was created with a

Nanoparticles composition of 40 wt.% Cu, 30 wt.% Nb, 20 wt.% (TiB2), and 10
Cu-based alloys wt.% C. The alloy was designed to have both 14 nm and -44 µm
Microparticle particle sizes of Nb. The spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique
Nb was used to produce the alloy at two different sintered
SPS temperatures of 650 ◦C and 700 ◦C while keeping other SPS
parameters constant. An investigation was conducted to analyze
and choose the most suitable alloy for aerospace applications by
analyzing and comparing the sintering mode, microstructures,
microhardness, density, relative density, wear behaviour, and
corrosion properties of the alloys. The study found that alloys
containing nanoparticles of Nb had faster sintering, lower wear
rates, and a microstructure characterized by a dendritic
configuration. These alloys also exhibited graphite-rich and
niobium-rich nano-segregations in the inter-dendritic areas,
resulting in the lowest coefficient of friction. Among the tested
alloys, CuNbTiB2C with nanoparticles of Nb sintered at 650 ◦C
showed the highest microhardness value (786.04 HV0.3). On the
other hand, CuNbTiB2C with micro-particles of Nb sintered at 700
◦C demonstrated superior anti-corrosion properties in a sulphuric
acid environment. The findings of this study meet the criteria for
high-performance engineering materials, making innovative
materials significant in the aerospace sector.

References
Choudhary et al. (2021). On the dynamic passivity and corrosion
resistance of a low cost and low density multi-principal-element
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alloy produced via commodity metals. Electrochemistry

Communications 125: 106989.

Li et al. (2022). Multi-principal element alloys by additive

manufacturing. Journal of Materials Science 57: 9903-9935.

Romero et al. (2022). Atomistic simulations of the local slip

resistances in four refractory multi-principal element alloys.
International Journal of Plasticity 149: 103157.

Yan, X., and Zhang, Y. (2020). Functional properties and promising

applications of high entropy alloys. Scripta Materialia 187: 188-193.

Yeh, J.-W., and Lin, S.-J. (2018). Breakthrough applications of high-

entropy materials. Journal of Materials Research 33: 3129-3137.

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Development of stable Mg-Zr phases: a study on tribocorrosion and

biocompatibility in biomaterials

Adegbola, T.A*., Aramide, B.P., and Adeoti, M.O

Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria
South Africa
*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/P014 Abstract

Keywords Magnesium is widely studied for its electrochemical corrosion

Implant behavior across various applications, particularly in the
Magnesium biomaterials industry, where it ranks just below titanium.
Tribocorrosion However, magnesium's relatively low elastic modulus and
High entropy alloy susceptibility to corrosion pose challenges when used as an
implant material. Despite extensive research on magnesium
corrosion, there is a noticeable gap in studies addressing the
combined effects of mechanical and electrochemical processes
(tribocorrosion), especially in environments that mimic implant
replacement or oral conditions. Understanding the material
degradation in biological environments, where tribocorrosion is
influenced by biological species, remains complex. This paper
aims to develop and evaluate allergen-free magnesium-based
composites reinforced with zirconium (Zr) for biomedical
applications, focusing on improving corrosion resistance and
mechanical properties. The study employs high entropy alloy
predicting software to predict the behavior of Mg-Zr/Mo/Ni/Cr
phases at different compositional levels, optimizing the alloy's
mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. The inclusion of
Zr in magnesium-based composites demonstrates a potential to
lower the elastic modulus and enhance biocompatibility. The alloy
composition was optimized to achieve stable and functional
phases suitable for biomedical implants. Therefore, magnesium-
based composites reinforced with Zr can overcome the limitations
of pure magnesium, offering improved mechanical properties and
corrosion resistance, making them promising candidates for
biomedical implants.

References
Chen et al. (2014) Recent advances on the development of
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Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat. 8 (2024) 105-278

magnesium alloys for biodegradable implants. Acta Biomaterialia

10(11): 4561-4573.

Abdenour et al. (2021). Influence of the carburization time on the

structural and mechanical properties of XC20 steel. Materials
Research Express 8(8): 085604.

Zhang et al. (2022). A review on magnesium alloys for biomedical

applications. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10:
953344.

Verma, A., and Ogata, S. (2023). Magnesium based alloys for

reinforcing biopolymer composites and coatings: A critical
overview on biomedical materials. Advanced Industrial and
Engineering Polymer Research 6: 341-355.

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Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a trifecta of antioxidant,

antifungal, and catalytic excellence

Danas, A.Y1., Labulo, A.H*1., Usman, A1., Hassan, I1., Idzi, A.A1., Owoseni, M.C2.,
Oyinade, D.A3., Isah, M4., Ashonibare, R.A5., Ojedoja, K.A1., Tywabi-Ngeva, Z6.,
Omotehinwa, F.H7., Said, M.A1., and Uyi, O.G2
1Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria; 2Department of Microbiology,
Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria; 3Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal
University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria; 4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal
University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria; 5Durable Crops Research Department, Nigerian Stored Products
Research Institute, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; 6Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University
South Africa; 7Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Nigeria

*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/P015 Abstract

Keywords In this study, green synthesis methods were employed to fabricate

Green synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Newbouldia laevis leaf
ZnONPs extract. The synthesized ZnONPs were characterized by utilizing
Newbouldia laevis different analytical techniques, including UV-Vis
Antifungal spectrophotometer, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Antioxidant (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and
Catalysis Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The synthesis of ZnONPs
with well-defined characteristics was shown through the
structural and morphological analyses. The presence of functional
groups involved in the reduction and stabilization of the
nanoparticles were verified using the Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
gave insights into the size and structure of the nanoparticles. A
crystalline structure with a hexagonal shape morphology, non-
spherical particles with a well-defined size spread with average
nanoparticle size of 34.8 nm. The green-synthesized ZnONPs
exhibited distinct antioxidant properties. The results indicated a
concentration-dependent rise in radical scavenging activity of the
ZnONPs. In addition, the green-synthesized ZnONPs displayed a
significant activity against the three fungal strains; Candida
albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum, displaying
their potentials as environmental-friendly antifungal agents.
Additionally, ZnONPs was found to be an effective catalyst in the
reduction of 4-nitophenol to aminophenol, when its catalytic
activities were explored in model reaction.
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References
Gadewar et al. (2024). Unlocking nature’s potential: Green
synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their multifaceted applications
– A concise overview. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 28(1):
101774.

Geetha et al. (2016). Green mediated synthesis and characterization

of ZnO nanoparticles using Euphorbia jatropha latex as reducing
agent. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices 1(3): 301–
310.

Selim et al. (2020). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles

using aqueous extract of Deverra tortuosa and their cytotoxic
activities. Scientific Reports 10:3445.

Singh et al. (2020). Zinc oxide nanoparticles: A comprehensive

review on its synthesis, anticancer and drug delivery applications
as well as health risks. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 286:
102317.

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Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Colocasia esculenta leaf

extract and in vitro antimicrobial studies of white yam pathogens

Ugosor, P.T1*., Shausu, A.A1., and Ornguga, T.T2

1Department of Chemistry, 2Department of Biology, College of Education, Katsina-Ala, Nigeria

*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/B016 Abstract

Keywords Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized by green

Biosynthesis method using methanolic leaf extract of Colocasia esculenta L.
ZnONPs (Cocoyam) and characterized by UV-Visible, XRD, SEM, EDX and
Colocasia esculenta FTIR. The study revealed that maximum rate of synthesis could be
Antimicrobial achieved with 0.50 moldm-3 ZnO solution at 90 oC in 5 h. Again,
Yam pathogens clearly segregated wurtzite hexagonal crystalline ZnONPs with
average crystallite size of 10 nm with a range of 9.85-10.12 nm
were obtained. FTIR spectra of the extract and the synthesized
ZnONPs revealed reducing agents such as phenolic groups as well
as capping and stabilizing agents such as amines, peptides and
amides groups. The data obtained from the zone of inhibition
(mm) was analyzed using statistical package for social science,
SPSS Version 20. The biosynthesized ZnONPs exhibited
antimicrobial action in a dose-dependent manner against five
white yam pathogenic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,
Botryodioplodia theobromae, Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium
oxysporum as well as three bacteria: Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia
marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The biosynthesized
ZnONPs exhibited effective to moderately effective inhibition
ranging from 94.55% to 32.08% on the test organisms when
compared with standard antifungal (Teraconazole) and
antibacterial (Ciprofloxacin) agents. The ZnONPs holds great
potential in reducing postharvest white yam tuber rot and many
other related agricultural products losses.

References
Ahmed et al. (2022). A green synthesis and characterization of
ZnO nanoparticles using Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.) aqueous
leaf extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-
inflammatory activities. Antioxidants 8: 1444.

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Ajayi, A.O. & Olorundare, S.D. (2014). Bacterial and fungal species
associated with yam (Dioscorea rotundata) rot at Akungba-Akoko,
Ondo State, Nigeria. Applied Science Research Journal 2: 12-28.

Eleazu, C.O. (2016). Characterization of the natural products in

cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) using GC-MS. Pharmaceutical Biology.
54(12): 2880-2885.

Gwa et al. (2015). Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) and (D. alata Lam)
fungi and etiology in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of
Benue State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Phytopathology and Plant
Health 3: 38-43.

164
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Smart nanocomposite coatings for explosive devices: enhancing safety

and performance

Haruna, A.S*., and Unoneme, A.C

Department of Science and Technology, Centre for Strategic Research and Studies, National Defence
College Nigeria, Abuja

*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/P017 Abstract

Keywords The advancement of nanotechnology has opened new frontiers in

Explosive devices enhancing the safety and performance of explosive devices
Safety through the development of smart nanocomposite coatings. This
Smart nanocomposite review explores the innovative application of nanocomposite
coatings materials in explosive device technology, focusing on how these
Military applications coatings can significantly improve stability, durability, and
Nanotechnology functionality. Smart nanocomposite coatings incorporate
nanoscale materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and
metallic nanoparticles, which impart unique properties like
enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and real-time
monitoring capabilities. These coatings can effectively shield
explosive materials from environmental factors, reducing the risk
of accidental detonations and extending the operational lifespan of
the devices. Additionally, smart features integrated into these
coatings, such as embedded sensors for condition monitoring,
allow for real-time data collection and early detection of potential
failures, thereby enhancing operational safety. This paper reviews
the latest advancements in nanocomposite coatings, their
mechanisms of action, and their practical applications in military
and industrial settings. By examining case studies and recent
research findings, the paper highlights the transformative
potential of nanocomposite technologies in creating safer, more
reliable explosive devices. Future research directions are also
discussed, emphasizing the need for further development in
scalability, cost-effectiveness, and integration with existing
systems to fully realize the benefits of smart nanocomposite
coatings in explosive technology.

References
Chen et al. (2020). Advances in nanocomposite coatings for
165
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explosive devices: A review. Journal of Nanomaterials Research 12(3):

45-67.

Federal Ministry of Environment. (2021). National Regulations on

the Use of Explosives. Ministry of Environment Publications.

International Society of Explosives Engineers (ISEE). (2018).

Blasting Principles for Open Pit Mining. ISEE Publications.

National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA).

(2020). Blasting Operations and Safety Protocols. NOSDRA
Publications.

Nigerian Ministry of Defence. (2019). Training Manual on Modern

Blasting Techniques. Ministry of Defence Publications.

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Chitosan, alginate and polyethylene glycol capped zinc oxide

nanoparticles for hyperthermia applications

Nwabunwanne, C1., Aisida, S.O1*., Alnasir, M.H2., Botha, S3., Awada, C4., Alshoaibi,
A4*., and Ezema, F.I1,5
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; 2Department of Physics,
RIPHAH International University Islamabad, Pakistan; 3Deparatement of Physics, University of the
Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; 4Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University,
Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; 5Africa Centre of Excellence for sustainable Power and Energy Development
(ACE-SPED), University of Nigeria, Nsukka

*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

NANO2024/P018 Abstract

Keywords Functional oxides have been very ingenious for diverse

Nanoparticles applications, recently in biomedical applications. Among the
Zinc oxide functional oxides, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have proven
Polymers to be exceptional for biomedical applications. Chitosan (CS),
Sol-gel alginate (Alg) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been explored in
Hyperthermia the synthesis of ZnONPs as a potential capping agent for
hyperthermia applications. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD), UV-
visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Vibrating sample
magnetometry (VSM) techniques were used to analyze the
crystallinity, absorbance, morphology and the magnetic properties
of the samples, respectively. The hyperthermia analyses of
ZnONPs and PEG, CS and Alg capped ZnONPs were conducted
under an applied field of 180 Oe. The results indicated that the
samples reached elevated temperatures that fall within the
therapeutic range. A high specific absorbance rate (SAR) was
obtained for the capped samples when compared with the pristine
sample, making it more suitable for hyperthermia applications.

References
Aisida et al. (2020a). The role of polyethylene glycol on the
microstructural, magnetic and specific absorption rate in
thermoablation properties of Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles by sol-
gel protocol. European Polymer Journal 132: 109739

Aisida et al. (2020b). Bio-inspired encapsulation and

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functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical

applications. European Polymer Journal 122: 109371.

Ben Amor et al. (2022). Sol-gel synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles

using different chitosan sources: effects on antibacterial activity
and photocatalytic degradation of AZO Dye. Catalysts 12: 1611.

Javed et al. (2020). Role of capping agents in the application of

nanoparticles in biomedicine and environmental remediation:
recent trends and future prospects. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 18:
172.

Kanwal et al. (2023). Room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-

doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by the sol–gel method. ACS
Omega 8 (31): 28749−28757.

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The impact of thermophysical properties on the heat and flow

characteristics of a nano-lubricant based on aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in a
cylindrical channel
Itabiyi, O. E., Sangotayo, E.O*., Olojede, M.A., and Akinrinade, N.A
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/P019 Abstract

Keywords The potential of nano-lubricants to improve heat transfer and flow

Nanolubricants characteristics in a variety of engineering applications has
Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) motivated a significant amount of interest in the study of their
Thermophysical thermophysical properties in recent years. This paper examined
properties the influence of thermophysical properties, including thermal
Heat transfer conductivity, viscosity, density, and specific heat capacity, on the
Flow dynamics heat and flow behavior of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃)-based nano-
Cylindrical channel lubricants that are flowing through a cylindrical channel. The
governing equations for momentum and energy were converted to
non-dimensional form and solved using a finite difference scheme
that was implemented in C++. The analysis examined the impact
of thermal conductivity (0.3<κ<1.5), viscosity (0.001<μ<0.3),
density (998< ρ <3592), and heat capacity (1100 < Cp < 4200) on
the heat and flow characteristics of the alumina nanolubricant
while maintaining the Eckert number (Ec = 1.0) and a Reynolds
number of 100. The findings revealed that the modified nanofluid
exhibits improved thermal conductivity as a result of the
integration of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles into a base lubricant. This
results in improved heat dissipation and temperature distribution
along the channel walls. The flow dynamics are also influenced by
the altered viscosity of the nanolubricant, which affects the
coefficient of drag friction, stream function, and circulation. The
results demonstrated that the heat transfer effectiveness is
significantly improved by the inclusion of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles,
while the flow characteristics are simultaneously altered.
Consequently, the Al₂O₃-based nanolubricant is an attractive
option for use in thermal management systems, heat exchangers,
and automotive systems.

References
Kedzierski, MA. ( 2013) Viscosity and density of aluminum oxide
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nanolubricant. International Journal of Refrigeration 36(4): 1333–1340.

Kedzierskia et al. (2017). Viscosity, density, and thermal

conductivity of aluminum oxide and zinc oxide nanolubricants.
International Journal of Refrigeration 74: 3–11.

Meyer et al. (2016). The viscosity of nanofluids: a review of the

theoretical, empirical, and numerical models. Heat Transfer
Engineering 37: 387–421.

Ogbonnaya et al. (2020). Rheological characteristics of aluminium

oxide (Al2O3) based nanolubricant. Nigerian Journal of Technology
39(2): 424-432.

Sangotayo, E.O., and Hunge, O.N. (2019). Numerical analysis of

nanoparticle concentration effect on thermo-physical properties of
nanofluid in a square cavity. Proceeding of WRFASE International
Conference, Abu Dhabi, 28 November 2019, 5-10.

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The role of nanomaterials in enhancing the industrial preservation of

probiotics for safe and sustainable food production: a review
Ohijeagbon, O.R1., Adegbola, G.M1*., Ajaiyeoba, T.A2., Ajibade, O.A2., Omotayo,
J.A1., Bolarinwa, I.F1., and Oladipo, I.C3
1Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria;
2Department of Food Science, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria; 3Department of Science Laboratory,
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/B020 Abstract

Keywords The integration of nanomaterials in the industrial preservation of

Nanomaterials probiotics represents a significant advancement in food
Probiotics technology, aimed at enhancing the stability, viability, and efficacy
Preservation of probiotic strains during processing, storage, and consumption.
Food safety This review explores the current state of nanotechnology
applications in probiotic preservation, highlighting the
mechanisms by which nanomaterials improve the encapsulation,
protection, and controlled release of probiotics. Key
nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanofibers, and
nanocomposites, were explored for their roles in maintaining
probiotic viability under adverse conditions such as temperature
fluctuations, oxidative stress, and gastrointestinal transit. The
review also addresses the safety, regulatory, and sustainability
aspects of using nanomaterials in food systems, emphasizing their
potential to contribute to safer and more sustainable food
production. By synthesizing recent research findings, this paper
aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the benefits and
challenges associated with nanomaterial-enhanced probiotic
preservation, offering insights into future directions for research
and application in the food industry.

References
Djenane, D., and Gagaoua, M. (2021). Nanotechnology as a
processing and packaging tool to improve meat quality and
safety. Foods 10(11):2633.

Kahouli, I., and Malhotra, M. (2021). Safety and sustainability

aspects of nanomaterial use in food preservation. Nanotechnology in
Food Systems 16(3): 487-501.

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Prakash et al. (2020). Nanomaterials for the stabilization and

controlled release of probiotics. RSC Advances 10(21): 1234-1247.

Zhang et al. (2020). Nanomaterial-based encapsulation for

controlled gastrointestinal delivery of viable probiotic bacteria.
Nanoscale Advances 2(4): 1441-1453.

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Synthesis of amodiaquine loaded chitosan-coated superparamagnetic

iron oxide nanoparticles and in silico drug reprofiling of amodiaquine
for anti-cancer drug delivery
Salako, K.S1,2., Babamusa, N.O1,3., and Adams, L.A1,3*
1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of
Lagos, Nigeria; 2Centre for Nanotechnology and Materials, University of Lagos; 3Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]

NANO2024/B021 Abstract

Keywords Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of

Cancer medicine offering innovative solutions for drug delivery and
Reprofiling Amodiaquine cancer management. Amodiaquine, an antimalarial drug, has
Superparamagnetic iron shown potential in cancer therapy due to its intrinsic autophagic
oxide nanoparticles inhibitory activity. Clinical application has been limited by off-
Chitosan target effects. A key challenge in cancer treatment is the
destruction of cancer cells alongside healthy cells. The aim of this
research was to synthesize amodiaquine loaded chitosan-coated
superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and
evaluated the in silico reprofiling of amodiaquine for cancer drug
delivery. SPIONs were synthesized via co-precipitation method
and were characterized using magnetization test and Fourier-
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Subsequently, the SPIONs
were surface coated with chitosan and also characterized using
FTIR. Amodiaquine was finally then loaded on the chitosan-coated
SPIONs and they were characterized using FTIR Amodiaquine
loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and release studies were
carried out using UV-spectrophotometry. Chitosan-coated
amodiaquine was evaluated through molecular docking studies
using PyRx AutoDock Vina Wizard and visualized with BIOVIA
Discovery Studio. Results from the FTIR analysis showed the Fe-O
characteristic peak vibrations at 500-700 cm-1, chitosan C=O
stretching vibration at 1650 cm-1, amodiaquine aromatic C-H
bending at 1490 cm-1 and C-O stretching at 1060 cm-1. The loading
capacity of the drug was 5.1%, with an encapsulation efficiency of
98.8%. The release profile indicated that 0.16% and 0.024% of
amodiaquine was released from the nanoparticles at pH 7.3 and
pH 5.4. In silico molecular docking of amodiaquine molecule
showed hydrophobic interaction with breast, colon and ovarian
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breast cancer proteins while chitosan-coated amodiaquine showed

hydrophobic interaction with breast, colon, lung and colorectal
cancer proteins. These findings suggest that chitosan-coated
SPIONs can serve as an effective nanocarrier for amodiaquine,
enhancing its delivery and anticancer activity while minimizing
side effects.

References
Edward et al (2023). Utilization of superparamagnetic iron oxide
nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a vector for drug delivery. Applied
Nanoscience 13: 6191-6216.

Espinoza et al. (2020). The antimalarial drug amodiaquine

stabilizes p53 through ribosome biogenesis stress, independently
of its autophagy-inhibitory activity. Cell Death and Differentiation
27(2): 773–789.

Hamidreza et al. (2021). Synthesis and characterization of

magnetite nanoparticles by co-precipitation method coated with
biocompatible compounds and evaluation of in-vitro cytotoxicity.
Toxicology Reports 8: 331-336.

Lawal et al. (2017). Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial

studies of metal complexes of mixed ligands: citric acid and
amodiaquine. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Science 10(2): 88-92.

Mohammadi-Samani et al. (2012). Preparation and assessment of

chitosan-coated superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles for
controlled delivery of methotrexate. Research in Pharmaceutical
Sciences 8(1): 25-33.

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Fabrication and characterization of dye-sensitized solar cells using

natural dye extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf as photosensitizers
Soge, A.O1*., Willoughby, A.A1., Oshin, A.F1., Ulbricht, C2., Mayr, F2., Olukanni,
O.D3., Sanyaolu, M.E1., Dairo, O.F4., Adeyemi, O.G5., Tekoglu, S2., Scharber, M.C2
and Sariciftci, N.S2
1Department of Physical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Nigeria; 2Linz Institute for Organic Solar
Cells, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz,
Austria; 3Department of Biochemistry, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Nigeria; 4Department of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Nigeria; 5Department of Chemical Sciences,
Redeemer’s University, Ede, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P022 Abstract

Keywords The power conversion efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell

Iron oxide (DSSC) depends largely on the photochemical performance of the
Metals dye utilized as the photosensitizer to harvest the solar energy for
Mycobacterium smegmatis electricity generation. Several natural dyes from plants have been
Nanoparticles studied as photosensitizers for low-cost and environmentally
friendly DSSCs but the fabricated cells usually suffer from low
efficiency. Therefore, tremendous research efforts are being
focussed on the search for natural dyes with enhanced
photochemical performance as photosensitizers in DSSCs. This
study investigates the suitability of natural dye extract of bitter
leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), as a photosensitizer in DSSCs. The
natural dye was extracted using acetone and ethanol solvents and
characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis, and photoluminescence (PL)
spectroscopy. The FTIR spectrometry results demonstrated the
presence of three functional groups: the hydroxyl, amine, and
carbonyl groups, a strong indication of good adsorption by the
semiconductor metal oxides in DSSCs. The UV-Vis and PL spectra
showed that the natural dye of V. amygdalina extracted with
acetone and ethanol displayed stable and strong optical absorption
in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Therefore,
the natural dye extract of V. amygdalina is a potential candidate for
photosensitizers in DSSCs. The DSSC fabricated with V.
amygdalina dye extracted using acetone delivered higher solar
efficiency than ethanol with performance parameters (short-circuit

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current density Jsc, open-circuit voltage Voc, fill-factor FF, and

power conversion efficiency η) as 330.51 µA/cm2, 522 mV, 0.68
and 0.12%, respectively.

References
Emmanuel et al. (2022). Effect of doping and co-sensitization on
the photovoltaic properties of natural dye-sensitized solar cells.
SSRG International Journal of Applied Physics 9(3): 44-54.

Mahapatra et al. (2023). Comparative study of natural dye-

sensitized solar cells using inedible extracts from kumkum,
kamala and malabar spinach fruits. Journal of Photochemistry and
Photobiology A: Chemistry 436: 114385.

Willoughby et al. (2021). Fabrication and characterization of a dye-

sensitized solar cell using natural dye extract of Rosella (Hibiscus
sabdariffa L.) as photosensitizer. Journal of Nigerian Society of
Physical Sciences 3(4): 297-291.

Yadav et al. (2023). Butea monosperma, crown of thorns, red Lantana

camara and royal poinciana flowers extract as natural dyes for dye
sensitized solar cells with improved efficiency. Electrochimica Acta
441: 141793.

Yadav et al. (2020). Textile dyes as photo-sensitizer in the dye

sensitized solar cells. Optical Materials 109: 110306.

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Probing the role of ginger starch on physicochemical and thermal

properties of gum Arabic hybrid biocomposite for food packaging
applications

Oluba, O.M1,2*., Owoso, T.O3., Bayo-Olorunmeke, A.O4., Erifeta, G.O5., Josiah, S.J5.,
Ojeaburu, S.I6., Subbiah, N2., and Palanisamy, T2*
1Food Safety and Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, David Umahi Federal
University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Nigeria; 2Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather
Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India; 3Department of Biochemistry, Landmark
University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria; 4Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;
5Department of Medical Biochemistry, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria; 6Department of

Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

NANO2024/B023 Abstract

Keywords This study assessed the effect of ginger starch (S) on the
Polymer blending physicochemical and thermal attributes of gum arabic (GA) hybrid
Gum Arabic biocomposites for postharvest storage. Two composite blends of
Ginger starch GA and S at [GA-S 96.7:3.3% (v/v)] and [GA-S 93.3:6.7% (v/v)]
Biocomposite concentrations were developed and examined. Standard
Packaging materials techniques were used to analyze moisture content, thickness,
transparency, water solubility (WS), water vapor permeability
(WVP), tensile strength, elongation at break (E@B), surface
microstructure, functional groups, and thermal stability of the
biocomposite films. The results showed that, with 6.7% starch, the
film's moisture content, thickness, transparency, tensile strength,
and E@B increased by 33.4%, 47.1%, 22.6%, 18.8%, and 26.6%,
respectively, compared to the 3.3% starch blend. Conversely, WS
and WVP decreased by 13.0% and 28.6%, respectively, in the 6.7%
starch film. The biocomposite films' morphology became less
smooth with higher starch content. FTIR indicated intermolecular
interactions between GA and S, while SEM and thermal analyses
(TGA and DSC) confirmed good compatibility and thermal
stability. When coated on tomatoes, the GA-S biocomposites
improved storage stability for 20 days at 25±2 oC due to reduced
lycopene content and low cell wall softening enzyme activity.
These results highlight ginger starch's potential to enhance GA
films for postharvest tomato storage.

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References
Enidiok et al. (2024). Development and characterization of chia oil-
activated ginger starch-feather keratin biocomposite for prolonged
post-harvest preservation of tomato fruits. Carbohydrate Polymer
Technologies and Applications 7: 100464.

Oluba et al. (2023). Physicochemical and thermal characterization

and antioxidant property of chicken feather keratin and ginger
starch hybrid nanocomposite film. Carbohydrate Polymer
Technologies and Applications 6: 100368.

Oluba et al. (2021). Fabrication and characterization of keratin

starch biocomposite film from chicken feather waste and ginger
starch. Scientific Reports 11(1): 8768.

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Purification of different fractions of industrial wastewater using

biosynthesized silver nanoparticles of Amaranthus hybridus and
Amaranthus viridis

Egonu, S.N*., and Edochie, W.C

Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B024 Abstract

Keywords The growing demand for readily available water as well as the
Industrial wastewater problem of pollution of water bodies caused by various
Amaranthus species byproducts of production processes, poses a critical challenge for
Silver nanoparticles proper and sustainable use of water, hence the need for
Phytochemicals remediation. The research work examined the potential of
biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Amaranthus viridis and
Amaranthus hybridus in purification of different fractions of
industrial wastewater. After synthesis of the silver nanoparticles,
standard methods for characterization were used for UV-visible
Spectroscopy, X- ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy,
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray
and Dynamic Light Scattering, while Harbone methods was used
for phytochemical screening. For the wastewater treatment
analysis. The UV-vis spectroscopy result showed that A. viridis
and A. hybridus AgNPs had 430 nm and 400 nm absorption peaks
respectively. XRD results of synthesized A. viridis and A. hybridus
AgNPs showed that the highest peak was observed at the plane
with miller index of (111), indicating their crystalline nature and
an average crystalline size of 2.95 nm. SEM results of A. viridis and
A. hybridus AgNPs showed that the AgNPs were agglomerated
and flake-like in shape. The FTIR spectra of A. viridis AgNPs and
A. viridis leaf extracts revealed that the peak shifts were consistent
with hydroxyl groups, amines, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkynes,
alkenes, phenols and chlorides, indicating presence of
phytochemicals. EDX result of A. viridis and A. hybridus AgNPs
showed the presence of silver and some other elements, with silver
having the highest percentages of 65.60% in A. viridis and 64.50%
in A. hybridus. DLS result of A. viridis and A. hybridus AgNPs
showed that both AgNPs had similar Z average size (12.5 nm) of
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nanoparticles. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical

result of A. viridis revealed the presence of alkaloids (1.3%),
flavonoids (5.8%), terpenoids (1.2%), phenolics (0.0014 %), tanins
(0.9%) and hydrogen cyanide (0.0004%). The qualitative and
quantitative phytochemical result of A. hybridus revealed the
presence of alkaloids (1.6%), flavonoids (7.2%), terpenoids (1.8%),
phenolics (0.0018%), tanins (1.1%) and hydrogen cyanide
(0.0006%). Antimicrobial activity of A. viridis nanoparticle revealed
that the nanoparticle had varying levels of activity against
Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, however, the effect was
more pronounced on the gram-positive S. aureus strain. The
wastewater was analyzed for water quality parameters such as
pH, COD, BOD, presence of heavy metals and results showed that
apart from pH, all physicochemical and water quality parameters
were reduced by A. viridis AgNPs and A. hybridus AgNPs. From
this study, it can be implied that A. viridis and A. hybridus AgNPs
can be applied in wastewater treatment for the removal of
contaminants due to their antimicrobial and adsorption properties.

References
Awad et al. (2023). Role of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles with
Trigonella foenum-graceum seeds in wastewater treatment. Processes
11: 2394-2409.

Gehrke et al. (2015). Innovations in nanotechnology for water

treatment. Nanotechnology, Science and Applications 8: 1–17.

Harbone, J.B. (1973). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern

Techniques of Plant Analysis. Chapman and Hall, New York. 288
pp.

Hillie, T., and Hlophe, M. (2007). Nanotechnology and the

challenge of clean water. Nature Nanotechnology 2: 663-664.

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Sorghum bicolor: a potential crop for nutrient-nanoparticles for

agricultural bio-fortification

Adisa, K.O*., Salau, A.K, and Shehu, M.S

Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila-Orangun, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B025 Abstract

Keywords Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important food crop

Nanoparticles in Africa and is the 5th most important cereal crop grown in the
Micronutrients world as well as the most important cereal food in the Northern
Sorghum bicolor states of Nigeria. Nigeria is the 2nd largest producer of sorghum,
Biofortification grown on about 5.9 million ha with current annual production
estimated to be about 6.7 million tonnes. Sorghum bicolor is a major
staple crop grown in semiarid regions due to its drought tolerance,
which makes it a good candidate for biofortification. This narrative
review suggests a novel approach to sorghum into micronutrient
nanoparticles (FeNPs, CuNPs, and ZnNPs) through green
synthesis methods. The unique properties of nanoparticles,
including enhanced nutrient absorption and growth modulation in
plants, offer promising avenues for addressing nutrient
deficiencies affecting millions globally. This work is aimed at
increasing crop yield and food security and promoting
environmental sustainability with the aid of biogenic nanoparticles
from Sorghum in order to bio-fortify commonly consumed
vegetables. In addition, the narrative investigates the application
of these nanoparticles in promoting vegetable growth in addition
to enhancing their micronutrient contents, especially iron. This
review helps to affirm the transformative potential of agricultural
by-products in addressing nutritional deficiencies and at the same
time enhance the sustainable production of food from plants.

References
Arouna et al. (2020). The Impact of germination on sorghum
nutraceutical properties. Foods 9(9): 1218.

Azeez, L et al. (2017). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized

using pod extract of Cola nitida enhances antioxidant activity and
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phytochemical composition of Amaranthus caudatus Linn. Applied

Nanoscience 7(1–2): 59–66.

Chhikara et al. (2019). Exploring the nutritional and phytochemical

potential of sorghum in food processing for food security.
Nutrition and Food Science 49(2): 318–332.

De Morais Cardoso et al. (2017). Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.):

Nutrients, bioactive compounds, and potential impact on human
health. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57(2): 372–390.

Salau et al. (2022). Effects of Ipomoea batatas peel extract- mediated

biogenic silver-iron nanoparticles on Celocia argentea seedlings.
Biokemistri 34(2): 34293–34309.

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Essential oil- encapsulated nanochitosan for food safety and security: A

review

Oyafajo, L.A1*., Shittu, T.A2., Azeez, L3., Busari, H.K3., Yusuf-Omoloye, N.A4., and
Sanni, L.O5
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; 2Department of
Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; 3Department of
Chemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; 4Department of Microbiology, Osun State University,
Osogbo, Nigeria; 5Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute, Ilorin, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B026 Abstract

Keywords The growing global population and agricultural constraints have

Nanochitosan driven creative ways to food preservation in response to growing
Essential oil concerns about food safety and security. The review investigates
Food Safety the possibility of nano-encapsulated essential oils in chitosan-
Food Security based systems as a novel approach to enhance food safety and
Food Sustainability security. This review explores the potential of essential oil-
encapsulated nano chitosan in developing next-generation food
preservation technologies, ensuring food safety and security in the
modern world. Essential oils, known for their antibacterial,
antioxidant, and preservative capabilities, are becoming
increasingly popular as natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals.
However, their instability, volatility, and pungent fragrance
frequently limit their use in food systems. Chitosan, a biopolymer
produced from chitin, offers a promising approach for nano-
encapsulation to address these difficulties. Chitosan nanoparticles
can improve the stability, controlled release, and bioactivity of
essential oils while simultaneously increasing solubility and
lowering sensory effects.

References
Adeyemi, A.O., and Ojoawo, S.O. (2023). Production and
characterization of chitosan of crustacean shells. Materials Today:
Proceedings 88: 128-134.

Baghi et al. (2022). Advancements in biodegradable active films for

food packaging: Effects of nano/microcapsule incorporation. Foods
11(5): 760.

Cruz-Lopes et al. (2021). Application of nanotechnologies along the

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food supply chain. Open Agriculture 6: 749–760.

Das et al. (2021). Fabrication, physico-chemical characterization,

and bioactivity evaluation of chitosan-linalool composite nano-
matrix as innovative controlled release delivery system for food
preservation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 188:
751-763.

Lambert et al. (2001). A study of the minimum inhibitory

concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol
and carvacrol. Journal of Applied Microbiology 91(3): 453-462.

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Nymphaea lotus-synthesized gold nanoparticles attenuate cadmium-

induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Adewale, O.B
Biochemistry Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360201,
Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B027 Abstract

Keywords Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is one of the several health problems that
Cadmium disrupt the normal physiological activities of most organs. The use
Gold nanoparticles of gold nanoparticles for drug delivery and targeted therapy
Hepatic against tissue damage is a considerable option. This study
Nymphaea lotus investigated the effect of N. lotus-synthesized AuNPs (NL-AuNPs)
Toxicity against cadmium (Cd)-induced liver damage in rats. Thirty rats
were grouped into six of five each. Group 1 served as control,
while groups 2 to 5 were orally administered with 10 mg/kg
CdCl2 daily for 5 days, to induce hepatic damage. Groups 3 to 5
were also treated with silymarin (75 mg/kg), 5 and 10 mg/kg NL-
AuNPs, respectively. Group 6 rats received 10 mg/kg NL-AuNPs
only. Biochemical parameters including liver damage and function
markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase
(AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and albumin), oxidative stress
(malondialdehyde (MDA)) and inflammation markers
(Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)), and liver
histopathology were assessed. It was revealed that cadmium
caused a significant (p < 0.05) liver damage in rats, based on
significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum ALT and ALP, tissue MDA,
IL-6 and NF-κB, and significant (p < 0.05) decrease in albumin,
when compared with the control. These changes were significantly
attenuated by both doses of spherically-shaped NL-AuNPs (size
range of 25–30 nm with wavelength 541 nm), although trace of
toxicity was noted with 10 mg/kg dose. It can therefore be
concluded that NL-AuNPs could reverse liver damage induced by
cadmium and can, therefore, be considered a potential agent
against liver diseases.

References
Adebayo et al. (2023). GC-MS analysis of aqueous extract of
Nymphaea lotus and ameliorative potential of its biosynthesized
gold nanoparticles against cadmium-induced kidney damage in
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rats. Heliyon 9(6): e17124.

Adewale et al. (2020). Biological synthesis of gold and silver

nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Crassocephalum rubens and their
comparative in vitro antioxidant activities. Heliyon 6(11): e05501.

Adewale et al. (2023). Synthesized gold nanoparticles mediated by

Crassocephalum rubens extract down-regulate KIM-1/NGAL genes
and inhibit oxidative stress in cadmium-induced kidney damage
in rats. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 46(6): 1154-1161.

Adewale et al. (2024). Chapter 7 - Potential therapeutic role of gold

nanoparticles in inflammatory diseases. In P. Kesharwani (Ed.),
Gold Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery (pp. 197-225): Academic Press.

Anadozie et al. (2024). Biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles

mitigate aluminum chloride-induced nephrotoxicity via
downregulation of iNOX, LCN2 and IL-1β genes. Cell Biochemistry
and Biophysics 82: 2493–2502.

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Anticancer potential of Ganoderma lucidum mediated selenium

nanoparticles

Oke, M.A1,2*., and Adebayo, E.A2

1Department of Biological Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology
Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria; 2Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied
Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B028 Abstract

Keywords Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) hold promise for developing

Biosynthesis novel cancer prevention and treatment approaches due to their
Selenium nanoparticles significant biomedical potential including their antiproliferative
Ganoderma lucidum and anticancer properties. Their implementations into clinical
Anticancer practice have recently increased vastly owing to their inimitable
physicochemical characteristics, encompassing their high
biocompatibility, high stability, high bioavailability, and low
toxicity. Green synthesis of diverse nanoparticles, using different
biological biomolecules is a cheaper, simpler, and environmentally
friendly alternative. They serve as a useful mediator that prevents
aggregation, enhances stability, and leads to a more bioavailable
and less toxic profile. SeNPs have the potential to destroy cancer
cells via apoptosis induction, internalization of the nanoparticles,
regulation of reactive oxygen species production, induction of
autophagy, and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic machinery
while protecting normal healthy cells from damage. SeNPs can
induce cytotoxic effects and exert an immunostimulatory on
tumour cells. Exploration of Ganoderma lucidum had established
the presence of countless bioactive compounds, majorly
triterpenoids and polysaccharides. These bioactive compounds
confirmed G. lucidum broad pharmacological and therapeutical
potential. The potential of G. lucidum in the prevention and
treatment of various kinds of tumours, including breast, prostate,
colon, lung, and cervical cancer, has been established. This review
will unfold the biogenic synthesis of selenium-based nanoparticles
using different extraction mediums from Ganoderma lucidum and
its characterizations. It will explore their potential as anticancer
therapies.

References
Abdelsalam et al. (2023). Biogenic selenium nanoparticles:
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Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat. 8 (2024) 105-278

anticancer, antimicrobial, insecticidal properties and their impact

on soybean (Glycine max L.) seed germination and seedling
growth. Biology 12(11): 1361.

Shah et al. (2022). Pepper-mediated green synthesis of selenium

and tellurium nanoparticles with antibacterial and anticancer
potential. Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14(1): 24.

Sonkusre, P. (2020). Specificity of biogenic selenium nanoparticles

for prostate cancer therapy with reduced risk of toxicity: an in vitro
and in vivo study. Frontiers in Oncology 9: 1541.

Spyridopoulou et al. (2021). Anticancer activity of biogenic

selenium nanoparticles: apoptotic and immunogenic cell death
markers in colon cancer cells. Cancers 13(21): 5335.

Zahran et al. (2024). Dietary microalgal-fabricated selenium

nanoparticles improve Nile tilapia biochemical indices, immune-
related gene expression, and intestinal immunity. BMC Veterinary
Research 20(1): 107.

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Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by bioflocculant derived

from Serratia nematodiphila ETA1 PP413762 isolated from Asa river and
its application in water treatment

Ejafu, M.I*., and Adebayo, E.A

Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola
University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B029 Abstract

Keywords The drawbacks in water treatment include increased presence of

Water treatment carcinogenic, recalcitrant and toxicogenic substances in water
Bacteria bodies. The growing burden of waterborne diseases has compelled
Bioflocculants researchers to identify more efficient ecofriendly ways for treating
Silver nanoparticles water for drinking and other anthropogenic purposes. Studies
have revealed that bioflocculants and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
show prospects as viable alternatives. The research aimed at
isolating a bioflocculant-producing bacteria isolated from Asa
river for the biosynthesis of AgNPs for water treatment. A
bacterium that was identified molecularly as Serratia nematodiphila
ETA1 PP413762 (SN) with flocculating activity of 88% was used to
prepare cell-free bioflocculants that were used for SN–AgNPs
biosynthesis. The SN–AgNPs were first characterized using
Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial properties and
removal efficiency (R.E) for biological oxygen demand (BOD),
chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus removal (P),
nitrogen removal and optical density were evaluated. The
bioflocculant bio-reduced AgNO3 to SN–AgNPs. The SN–AgNPs
showed surface plasmon resonance absorption peak for UV was at
416 nm at an absorbance value of 1.55 and FTIR showed
prominent peaks at 1634.8, 2165.8 and 3335.4 cm-1. It also showed
a 98.5% reduction in microbial load and R.E of 47.16% (BOD),
39.49% (COD), 36.49% (P), 64.45% (N) and 35.94% (OD). The SN-
AgNPs can be utilized as potential flocculating agent and
antimicrobial agents in water purification and treatment.

References
Akinola, O., & Adebayo, E.A. (2018). Screening and
characterization of bioflocculant-producing bacteria isolated from
domestic waste water in Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State,
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Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 35(2): 159-166.

Nkosi et al. (2024). Green Synthesis, characterization and

application of silver nanoparticles using bioflocculant: a review.
Bioengineering 11(5): 492.

Siddiqi et al. (2018). A review on biosynthesis of silver

nanoparticles and their biocidal properties. Journal of
Nanobiotechnology 16: 1-28.

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Synergistic effects of gadolinium oxide into matrix of zeolitic

imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) for supercapacitor applications

Ikhioya, I.L1*., Alghamdi, N2., Omeje, S.E1., Ikeh, D.C1., and Odoh, R.N1
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria; 2Department of Physics,
University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P030 Abstract

Keywords In this study, we synthesized ZIF-8, ZIF-67, Gd₀.₀₁/ZIF-8, and

Direct combination Gd₀.₀₁/ZIF-67 electrodes using the direct combination technique.
ZIF-8 Both electrodes are being used for energy storage devices. We
ZIF-67
extensively evaluated these nanocomposites using a variety of
GCD
electrochemical methods, including stability tests, galvanostatic
Absorbance
charge-discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). ZIF-8 exhibits a
wide band gap of approximately 3.0 eV, suggesting its main
absorption is of UV light. The peaks in the absorbance spectrum
vary slightly in wavelength due to the presence of different metal
centers. Peaks between 1400-1600 cm⁻¹ indicate C–N stretching
vibrations from the imidazolate linkers. Peaks between 1600-1700
cm⁻¹ are associated with C=C stretching vibrations. ZIF-8 exhibits
well-defined peaks in its XRD pattern, indicating a high level of
crystallinity. Peaks can be observed at specific 2θ values, typically
at 22.09°, 26.62°, 38.49°, and 47.27°, which correspond to the (110),
(200), (211), and (220) planes. The calculated specific capacitances
for ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 are 223.95 and 255.20 F/g. For Gd0.01/ZIF-8,
and Gd0.01/ZIF-67 specific capacitances are 575.00 and 587.50 F/g.
The ZIF-8, ZIF-67, Gd0.01/ZIF-8, and Gd0.01/ZIF-67 electrode
exhibited specific capacitances of (78.30, 192.59, 342.57, and 1164)
F/g at current densities of 1 A/g from the GCD calculation. The
retention plot of ZIF-8, ZIF-67, Gd0.01/ZIF-8, and Gd0.01/ZIF-67
electrode shows efficiency of 71%, 71%, 105% and 75%,
respectively, indicating their suitability for supercapacitor
applications.

References
Jiang et al (2016). Hierarchically porous N-doped carbon derived
from ZIF-8 nanocomposites for electrochemical applications

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Electrochimica Acta 196: 699–707.

Otun et al. (2022). ZIF-8-derived ZnO/C decorated hydroxyl-
functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a new composite
electrode for supercapacitor application. Colloid and Interface
Science Communications 47: 100589.

Sharma, S., and Chand, P. (2023). Zeolitic imidazolate framework-

8 and redox-additive electrolyte based asymmetric supercapacitor:
A synergetic combination for ultrahigh energy and power density.
Journal of Energy Storage 73 (Part B): 108961.

Shinde, et al. (2022). MOFs-graphene composites synthesis and

application for electrochemical supercapacitor: a review. Polymers
14(3): 511.

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Assessing air quality impacts of Gaari processing: a nanotechnology-

based approach

Olatona, G.I., and Oyedokun, S.M*

1Department of Physics, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P031 Abstract

Keywords Air quality in food processing facilities, including gaari

Air quality processing, is a growing concern due to potential health risks
Nanotechnology associated with exposure to pollutants. Nanotechnology offers
CO2 emissions
promising solutions for air quality monitoring and remediation.
Temperature
This study investigated the air quality at a gaari processing factory
Relative humidity
Air pollution control,
in Ejigbo local government area, Osun State, Nigeria. Daily
Food processing facilities atmospheric data of CO2, temperature, relative humidity, and
PCE-AQD 50 pressure were collected using a PCE-AQD 50 device over a 42-day
period. Statistical and data visualization techniques were
employed to analyze the data and assess air quality trends,
correlations between variables, and potential health implications.
The study found the maximum, minimum and mean values of the
atmospheric data of CO2, temperature, relative humidity, and
pressure to be 1934.28, 466.29 and 1012.40, 39.16, 26.67 and 32.60,
75.06, 45.15 and 58.41, and 898.00, 898.00 and 898.00 accordingly,
where elevated CO2 levels at the factory, has a positive correlation
between CO2, and temperature. The measured CO2 levels may
pose health risks to workers and the surrounding community. The
findings highlight the need for effective air pollution control
measures in gaari processing facilities. Nanotechnology-based
solutions, such as advanced sensors and air purification
technologies, can be implemented to improve air quality and
protect human health. Further research is recommended to
investigate the long-term health impacts of exposure to elevated
CO2 levels in this setting.

References
Goyal et al. (2022). Role of Nanotechnology in combating CO2 in
atmosphere. In Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation
(pp. 201-230). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

193
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Mehndiratta et al. (2013). Environmental pollution and

nanotechnology. Environment and Pollution 2(2): 49.

Mohamed, E.F., (2018). Revolution of nanotechnology in air

pollution. In The International Conference on Chemical and
Environmental Engineering (Vol. 9, No. 9th International
Conference on Chemical & Environmental Engineering, pp. 205-
216). Military Technical College.

Saleem et al. (2022). Advances of nanomaterials for air pollution

remediation and their impacts on the environment. Chemosphere
287: 132083.

WHO (2022). Air quality, energy and health. [online]. Available at:
https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-
health/air-quality-energy-and-health/sectoral-
interventions/ambient-air-pollution/health-risks (Accessed 24
September, 2024).

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Biogenic synthesis of silver and silver-gold alloy using Ganoderma

lucidum (ON394695), their Phytochemical screening, and wound healing
potentials

Kilani, T.A1*., Adebayo, E.A1., Oyeleke, O.O1., Lateef, A1., Azeez, M.A1., Yekeen,
T.A1., Matyumza, N2., Beukes L.S3., and Gueguim-Kana, E.B3
1Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso;
2Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; 3Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B032 Abstract

Keywords Wound is a silent epidemic that can pose a risk to a patient's

Ganoderma lucidum health. The use of enhanced treatment strategies by a
Wounds nanotechnology-based approach is necessary to potentiate wound
Phytochemical
healing activity. Phytochemical screening was done to reveal the
Nanoparticles
bioactive constituents of G. lucidum. The aqueous extract of the
Wound healing
harvested fruiting body was used to synthesize silver
nanoparticles (GL-AgNPs) and silver-gold bimetallic nanoparticles
(GL-Ag-AuNPs) and characterized. In-vivo wound healing assay of
GL-AgNPs and GL-Ag–AuNPs was carried out using animal
experiments. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of
several bioactive components (%) with tannin, saponin, alkaloids,
anthroquinones, flavonoids, steroids, phlobatannin, and phenols.
The UV–vis spectroscopy showed 430 and 540 nm for GL-AgNPs
and GL-Ag–AuNPs respectively. The significant Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) peaks: GL-AgNPs (3227 and 1633 cm-1) and GL-
Ag–AuNPs (3257 and 1633 cm-1) which implied that protein acted
as a capping and stabilizing agent. Transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) confirms the nanoparticles to be poly-dispersal
in nature while Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) revealed
the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. GL-AgNPs and GL-Ag-
AuNPs demonstrated 100 and 99.25 percentage of wound healing
by Day 18 respectively, while positive control (Gentamycin) gave
100%. GL-Ag-AuNPs obtained complete wound closure by Day 21
(100%). The results affirmed the efficacy of synthesized silver
nanoparticles (GL-AgNPs) and silver-gold bimetallic nanoparticles
(GL-Ag-AuNPs) as prospective wound-healing agents that can be
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exploited to enhance faster wound closure.

References
Adebayo et al. (2019). Biosynthesis of silver, gold and silver–gold
alloy nanoparticles using Persea americana fruit peel aqueous
extract for their biomedical properties. Nanotechnology for
Environmental Engineering 4: 13.

Kumar et al. (2017). Biofabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles

using Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) fruit and leaf.
Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 21(1): 475-480.

Lateef et al. (2015). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using

Keratinase obtained from a strain of Bacillus safensis LAU 13.
International Nano Letters 5(1): 29-35.

Paladini, F., and Pollini, M. (2019). Antimicrobial silver

nanoparticles for wound healing application: progress and future
trends. Materials 12: 2540.

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Nutraceutical properties enhancement using nanotechnology

Okunade, O.A*., and Adebayo, E.A

Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B033 Abstract

Keywords Nanotechnology plays a major role in human nutrition, providing

Nanotechnology numerous opportunities to improve food quality and safety. This
Nutraceuticals work investigates the enhancement potential of nanoparticles
Nanoparticles
(NPs) in enhancing the potency of nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals
Bioavailability
are food products with both nutritional and therapeutic potential.
therapeutic.
However, despite their demand and popularity, their nutritional
and therapeutic effects are inhibited by their low bioavailability.
This is due to various physiological and physiochemical factors,
and quality control, which is an important step to determine the
safety and authenticity of the nutraceuticals on the global supply
level. In recent years, nutraceuticals have come to the limelight
because of people's recent way of living which leads to improper
nutrition creating a need for food supplements. Nanotechnology
can enhance the nutrition and the delivery of nutraceuticals to the
body via the vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants within
nanoparticles (NPs) which introduces a new approach to
counteract nutritional instabilities and low solubility in food. NPs
possess exceptional solubility, a significant surface-to-volume
ratio, and diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm, which makes them
very valuable for applications, such as tissue engineering, drug
delivery, and nutraceutical properties enhancement. This study
will focus on iron oxide, calcium oxide, and selenium
nanoparticles to be used in the enhancement of nutraceuticals.

References
Altemimi et al. (2024). Application of nanoparticles in human
nutrition; A review. Nutrients 16: 636.

Brandelli et al. (2019). Nanotechnology in Food Preservation. In

Advances in processing technologies for bio-based nanosystems in
food (pp. 277-311). CRC Press.

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Enrico, C. (2019). Nanotechnology-based drug delivery of natural

compounds and phytochemicals for the treatment of cancer and
other diseases. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry 62: 91-123.

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Chitosan nanoparticles as antibiofilm and antimicrobial agent:

mechanisms of action against biofilm-embedded bacteria in drinking
water treatment plant

Ahmed-Oke, M.O*., and Adebayo, E.A

Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B034 Abstract

Keywords Biofilms, complex communities of microorganisms that adhere to

Chitosan surfaces, present a significant challenge in drinking water
Nanoparticles treatment plants, acting as reservoirs for multidrug-resistant
Antibiofilm
bacteria. Conventional disinfection methods often fail to
Antimicrobial
effectively remove biofilms, allowing pathogenic bacteria to
Drinking water
persist and compromise water quality. In recent years, chitosan
nanoparticles (CSNPs) have emerged as a promising alternative
with potent antibiofilm and antimicrobial properties. This study
evaluates the mechanisms of action of CSNPs against biofilm-
embedded bacteria in drinking water treatment plants. A
comprehensive review of existing literature is conducted to
elucidate the antimicrobial efficacy of CSNPs, focusing on their
ability to disrupt biofilm structure, inhibit bacterial adhesion, and
prevent biofilm formation. Key mechanisms include electrostatic
interactions, membrane disruption, and oxidative stress induction.
Furthermore, this review explores the synergistic effects of CSNPs
when combined with conventional antimicrobial agents, offering a
dual approach to combating biofilm-related issues in water
treatment facilities. The implications of CSNP application in
reducing biofilm-associated health risks and improving overall
water quality in water systems, thereby contributing to the
development of sustainable water treatment strategies. This
review aims to provide a critical understanding of chitosan
nanoparticles as an innovative and effective solution for managing
biofilm-embedded bacteria in drinking water plant.

References
Noura et al. (2023). Green fabrication of chitosan nanoparticles
using Lavendula angustifolia, optimization, characterization and in-
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vitro antibiofilm activity. Scientific Reports 13:11127.

Abdel Fattah et al. (2021). Effect of chitosan nanoparticles on

quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors and expression of
LasI and RhlI genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.
AIMS Microbiology 7(4): 415-430.

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Nanotechnological approaches to antiviral therapy with their mechanism

of actions

Ajisope, N.A*., and Adebayo, E.A

Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B035 Abstract

Keywords Viral diseases constitute a prominent problem globally, being the

Nanotechnology leading cause of many pandemics and epidemics with a severe
Antiviral mortality rate. In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic, Lassa
Therapy
fever, and Ebola epidemics have constituted global panic with
Therapeutics
significant effects on the economy. Nanotechnology has fostered
new techniques and approaches to therapies and disease treatment
in recent years, playing important roles in overcoming
impediments to conventional therapeutic methods. The nature and
size of nanoparticles and nanomaterials promote the development
of novel therapeutics, which have reported tremendous results.
Nanoparticles have been used as vehicles to convey drugs to target
sites, bypassing biological transport mechanisms. The antiviral
potency of various nanoparticles has also been widely reported.
This review aims to discuss current and novel nanotechnology-
based approaches to combat various viral infections and the
design strategies which could impact further nanotechnological
techniques for addressing viral infection.

References
Chakravarty, M., and Vora, A. (2020). Nanotechnology-based
antiviral therapeutics. Drug Delivery and Translational Research
11(3): 748–787.

Huang et al. (2022). Nanotechnology-based strategies against

SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nature Nanotechnology 17(10): 1027–1037.

Hussain et al. (2022). Nano-antivirals: A comprehensive review.

Frontiers in Nanotechnology 4: 1064615.

Surnar et al. (2020). Clinically Approved Antiviral Drug in an

Orally Administrable Nanoparticle for COVID-19. ACS
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Pharmacology and Translational Science 3(6): 1371–1380.

Yasamineh et al. (2022). An overview on nanoparticle-based

strategies to fight viral infections with a focus on COVID-19.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology 20(1): 1-26.

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A review on green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and

their applications in environmental remediation

Amaunmwosa, E.C1*., Baba, I.A1., Tijani, J.O2., and Abdulkareem, A.S1

1Department of Chemical Engineering; 2Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology,
Minna, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P036 Abstract

Keywords The green or biological synthesis of metal and metal oxide

Green synthesis nanoparticles has attracted significant attention as a sustainable
Metal oxide nanoparticles and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods,
Environmental
giving numerous advantages in environmental applications. This
remediation
approach utilizes biological resources such as bacteria, fungi, plant
Biological agents
Catalytic degradation
extracts, and algae as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents,
thereby effectively minimizing the use of hazardous chemicals and
reducing the environmental footprint connected with nanoparticle
production. This green process is not only energy-efficient but also
leverages renewable and abundant resources, aligning with the
SDG’s goals for environmental sustainability. This review paper
provides an in-depth examination of the various steps and
operational parameters employed in the green synthesis of metal
and metal oxide nanoparticles, highlighting the role of different
biological agents in influencing the shape, size, and functional
properties of the resulting nanoparticles analyzed using several
analytical techniques. The paper explored the extensive
applications of these nanoparticles in environmental remediation,
including the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water,
degradation of persistent organic pollutants, treatment of
industrial wastewater, and air purification. Various treatment
techniques, such as adsorption, catalytic degradation, and
photocatalysis, were studied in this review, also with the
comparative effectiveness of different nanoparticles in specific
environmental scenarios. Moreover, this review paper considered
the limitations associated with the green synthesis of
nanoparticles, particularly in terms of stability, reproducibility,
scalability, and potential environmental risks. Recent
advancements in the field were considered for better application in
different aspects of environmental remediation. This review
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bridges the gap between nanotechnology and environmental

remediation to improve sustainability.

References
Abdulkareem et al. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of tri-
metallic Fe–Co–Ni catalyst supported on CaCO3 for multi-walled
carbon nanotubes growth via chemical vapor deposition
technique. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 42(10): 4365–
4381.

Aboughaly et al. (2023). Enhancing the potential of polymer

composites using biochar as a filler: a review. Polymers 15(19):
3981.

Asadi, T. (2018). Investigation of COD removal efficiency from

wastewater of a refinery using carbon nanotubes. Amazonia
Investiga 7(12): 32-44.

Jun et al. (2019). Comparison of drying method on acid-

functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube and their application
for dye removal. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering 495: 012057.

Mohammed et al. (2017). Full factorial design approach to carbon

nanotubes synthesis by CVD method in argon environment. South
African Journal of Chemical Engineering 24: 17–42.

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Nanotechnology in water treatment and remediation in the last three

years: a systematic review

Ametefe, G.D1*., Oluyide, O.O1., Itakorode, B.O1., Muritala, I1., Oyedara, O1., and
Ametefe,D.S2
1Department of Biotechnology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; 2Wireless Communication
Technology Group (WiCOT), College of Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B037 Abstract

Keywords Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field focused on

Nanotechnology manipulating and engineering materials at the nanoscale.
Nanoparticles Innovative water treatment and remediation approaches are
Water treatment
necessary due to the growing world population and worldwide
Remediation
need for clean water. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions
Metal analysis
for these problems. Applications of nanotechnology, using
nanoparticles from magnetic materials, copper oxide (CuO)
synthesised from natural products, maghemite, and metals, in
water treatment and remediation have been reviewed in this
study. The most recent developments in nanotechnology for water
treatment and remediation from 2021 to 2023 on the ScienceDirect
database were systematically studied adhering to the Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA) criteria. Nanotechnology offers a range of benefits, such
as reduced energy consumption, improved precision, and
increased efficiency, all of which were explored. The study also
underscored the challenges of nanotechnology for water treatment
and remediation and briefly highlighted the regulation of this
technology. Future water security may be possible using
nanotechnology, which has potential of transforming remediation
and water treatment methods.

References
Abdelkawi et al. (2023). Surface modification of metallic
nanoparticles for targeting drugs. Coatings 13(9): 1660.

Ahmed-Oke et al. (2023). Enhancing water treatment efficiency: the

impact of nanotechnology in drinking water purification. Nano
Plus: Science Technology of Nanomaterials 7: 93.
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Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat. 8 (2024) 105-278

Ajith et al. (2021). Recent innovations of nanotechnology in water

treatment: A comprehensive review. Bioresource Technology 342:
126000.

Akhlaghi, N., and Najafpour-Darzi, G. (2021). Manganese ferrite

(MnFe2O4) nanoparticles: from synthesis to application- a review.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 103: 292-304.

Akpor et al. (2014). Plolutants in wastewater effluents: impacts and

remediation processes. International Journal of Environmental
Research and Earth Science 3(3): 50-59.

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 Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat. 8 (2024) 105-278

Biomedical applications of selenium nanoparticles biosynthesized from

Pentaclethra macrophylla seed extract as antimicrobial, antioxidant,
anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents

Bamigboye, O.F*., Adesuyi, T.A., Emmanuel, C.H., Oyeleye, O.B., and Yusuf, Y.A
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology,
Igboora, Nigeria

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B038 Abstract

Keywords Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) is known to have a good

Pentaclethra macrophylla advantage over other nanomaterials due to its promising role in
SeNPs stabilizing the immune system and as a defense mechanism, it also
Antimicrobial
helps in boosting the immune system and help the body to fight
Antioxidant
against the pathogens. Pentaclethra macrophylla (African oil bean),
Anticoagulant
Thrombolytic an indigenous tropical plant majorly found in the Eastern part of
Nigeria and the seed is used as a nutritious food condiment. It is a
tropical crop belonging to the family Leguminosae. This study
focuses on the synthesis of SeNPs using seed extract, examine the
antimicrobial, anticoagulant and thrombolytic activity of selenium
nanoparticles synthesis from Pentaclethra macrophylla (Ugba) seed
extract. The SeNPs was characterized using UV-visible
spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), EDS, and the
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial,
antifungal, antioxidant, anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities
of the biosynthesized nanoparticles were carried out. The results
of the FTIR spectroscopy shows that there were seven (7)
components in the extract that responsible for the activities with
the highest peak at 3928.00 and the lowest peak at 784.00 cm-1. The
maximum absorbance was obtained at 456 nm with a strong silver
peak observed around 2.0 KeV with the EDS. The SEM showed a
large number of interconnected lobes with particle diameter
ranging from 20 to 100 µm. The PM-SeNPs was effective against
Salmonella typhii at concentration 10 and 80 µg/ml with 15 mm and
20 mm, Klebsiella pneumoniae at 10 µg/ml and concentrations,
while little or no inhibition was observed with Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The PM-AgNPs completely
inhibited the growth of Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus,
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. The synthesized
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nanoparticles showed scavenging activity of DPPH at all

concentrations, high anticoagulant efficacy was displayed, while
70% blood clot lysis was observed for thrombolytic activity. This
study therefore demonstrated the effectiveness of biosynthesized
Pentaclethra macrophylla seed extract of SeNPs as antimicrobial,
antioxidant, anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents.

References
Ghaderi et al (2021): Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticle by
Abelmoschus esculentus extract and assessment of its antibacterial
activity. Materials Technology. DOI:
10.1080/10667857.2021.1935602

Ikram et al. (2021). Biomedical potential of plant-basedselenium

nanoparticles: a comprehensive review on therapeutic and
mechanistic aspects. International Journal of Nanomedicine
16: 249-268

Lateef et al. (2019). Biomedical applications of green synthesized

metallic nanoparticles: a review. Pan African Journal of Life Sciences
3: 157-182.

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Durability of stabilized lateritic bricks modified with saw dust ash and
terrasoil nanochemical

Tijani, I.O*., Adegbola, A.A., and Olaniyan, O.S

Department of Civil Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P039 Abstract

Keywords Earth bricks are considered an environmentally friendly choice

Saw Dust Ash (SDA) due to their low carbon emissions, thermal conductivity, and good
Terrasoil hygroscopic properties. However, earth bricks lack of strength,
Nanochemical
limited durability, and vulnerable to erosion by rain. The aim of
Laterite
this study is to assess the durability of stabilized earth brick
Earth bricks
modified with Saw Dust Ash (SDA) and Terrasoil nanochemicals
(TNC). Laterite was collected from Igboora and its geotechnical
properties of laterites, including Particle Size Distribution (PSD),
Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), Plasticity Index (PI),
Shrinkage Limit (SL), Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), Bulk
Density (BD) and Dry Density (DD) were determined in line with
standard. Chemical composition, such as Iron oxides (Fe₂O₃),
Aluminium oxide (Al(OH)₃), Kaolinite (Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄), Quartz
(SiO₂), Organic Content (OC) and pH of the laterite were
determined. Physical properties of the SDA including, Particle Size
Distribution (PSD), Bulk Density (BD), Moisture Content (MC),
Porosity, Maximum Dry Density (MDD) Optimum Moisture
Content (OMC) and Flow Ability (FA) were determined. The
Compressive Strength (CS), Splitting Tensile Strength (STS) and
Water Absorption (WA) of modified earth bricks with varying
proportions of SDA (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%) and concentrations of
TNC (0-5%) were determined at 58 days. The optimal mix of SDA
and TNC was analysed at 5% significant level using Two-way
Analysis of Variance. The laterite PSD shows a Cu and Cc value of
3.20 and 0.01. The LL, PL, PI, SL, OMC, BD and DD values ranged
28.75-31.56%, 17.89-19.23%, 10.86-12.33%, 6.95-7.45%, 13.89-15.12%,
1.82-1.88 g/cm³ and 1.47-1.52 g/cm³, respectively. The laterite
chemical composition which include Fe₂O₃, Al(OH)₃,
Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄, SiO₂, OC, and pH values ranged 9.5-13.87%, 11.85-
16.92%, 23.27-37.49%, 46.72-49.2%, 2.58-3.33%, and 5.17-7.63,
respectively. Also, the PSD of SDA shows a Cu and Cc of 4.533
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and 0.019. The, BD, MC, Porosity, MDD, OMC and FA of SDA
varied from 0.45–0.55 g/cm³, 10.21–12.50%, 65.12–70.18%, 0.58-0.62
g/cm³, 14.10–16.30%, 55.20–65.55 g/100g, respectively. The CS,
STS, and WA of modified earth bricks ranged 1.12–2.32 MPa, 0.22–
0.62 MPa, and 19.5–14.4%, respectively. The optimal mix for both
CS, STS and WA is 8% SDA and 5% TNC at 58 days for all the tests
with p value of 0.0001. The stabilized earth bricks modified with
8% SDA and 5% TNC exhibited improved performance and met
building requirement. It is recommended to utilize these modified
bricks for construction to ensure improved durability, strength,
and overall effectiveness.

References
Adegun, O.B., and Adedeji, Y.M.D. (2017). Review of economic
and environmental benefits of earthen materials for housing in
Africa. Frontiers of Architectural Research 6(4): 519-528.

Adeoti, M. A., Abiodun, I., and Owoeye, K. T. (2022). Effect of

pozzolanic materials on the structural performance of stabilized
earth bricks. Journal of Civil Engineering Research 14(3): 159-171.

Agbede, I., and Joel, M. (2014) Use of cement-sand admixtures in

laterite brick production for low-cost housing. Leonardo Electronic
Journal of Practices and Technologies 12: 163-174.

Ahmed et al. (2019). Effect of particle size distribution on the

mechanical stability of stabilized earth blocks. Journal of
Construction and Building Materials 221: 113-121.

Alausa et al. (2013). Thermal characteristics of laterite-mud and

concrete-block for walls in building construction in Nigeria.
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 4(4): 1-4.

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Antibacterial and in vitro antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles

biologically synthesized from aqueous extract of sweet potato leaf with
preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis

Fagbemi, K.O*., Thonda, O.A., Oyewole, T., and Aina, D.A

Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B040 Abstract

Keywords Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a significant global food crop; its
Sweet potato leaf offers nutrients and numerous bioactive substances. It
Biosynthesis contains complex carbohydrates and health-enhancing secondary
Silver nanoparticles
metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical
Antibacterial
compounds, phenolic and flavonoid content of the leaf before
Antioxidant
Phytochemicals
silver nanoparticle synthesis. Qualitative and GC-MS methods
were used to evaluate the phytochemical compound. The
synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using
analytical techniques. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities
were assessed and compared with the aqueous extract.
Qualitatively screening shows positive results for saponin,
anthraquinone and flavonoids while tannin, terpenoids,
phlobactanins, alkaloids, and cardiac glycoside gave negative
results. In the GC-MS analysis, 9 bioactive compounds were
identified in the aqueous extract; Hexadecanoic acid and Methyl
stearate were the most abundant with 47.7% and 42.48%,
respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were
quantified as 67 mg/ GAE/g and 56 mg/ QE/g, respectively.
These results suggested that sweet potato leaf contains diverse
bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic benefits. The UV-
Vis spectroscopy of the synthesized silver nanoparticles indicated
a surface plasmon resonance peak around 519 nm, confirming the
formation of nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy revealed the presence of various functional groups in
the nanoparticles, including carboxylic acids (COOH), carbonyls
(C=O), alcohols (OH) and amide groups, suggesting that these
moieties were involved in the reduction and stabilization of the
silver ions during nanoparticle synthesis. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) images showed that the nanoparticles were
fairly spherical, with an average size of approximately 10 nm. The
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antioxidant activities of both the crude extract and the synthesized

silver nanoparticles were assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and
TAC (total antioxidant capacity) assays. The results indicated that
the silver nanoparticles exhibited about 44% inhibition, while the
crude extract had an inhibition of 31%. The antibacterial efficacy of
the aqueous extract and the synthesized nanoparticles was
evaluated against a range of bacterial strains, including Escherichia
coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus
aureus, and Pseudomonas spp. The results showed that the silver
nanoparticles demonstrated superior antibacterial activity with
MIC of 0.08 mg/ml, while the crude extract had 0.1 mg/ml across
all tested bacterial strains. In conclusion, the biosynthesis of silver
nanoparticles from sweet potato leaf extract enhances its
antioxidant capacity and significantly improves its antibacterial
potential. These findings highlight the potential of silver
nanoparticles as a promising tool in developing novel
antimicrobial agents, especially in the context of the growing
threat of antimicrobial resistance.

References
Alam, M.K. (2021). A comprehensive review of sweet potato
(Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam): Revisiting the associated health benefits.
Trends in Food Science and Technology 115: 512-529.

El Khomsi et al. (2022). In vitro studies on the antimicrobial and

antioxidant activities of total polyphenol content of Cynara humilis
from Moulay Yacoub area (Morocco). Plants 11(9): 1200.

Fagbemi et al. (2023). Biogenic synthesis, characterization,

antibacterial and antioxidant activities of silver nanoparticles
mediated from Tamarindus indica Linn fruit pulp extract. Journal of
Herbmed Pharmacology 12(4): 459-468.

Nguyen et al. (2021). Bioactive compounds, antioxidants, and

health benefits of sweet potato leaves. Molecules 26(7): 1820.

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In vitro assessment of Ganoderma lucidum mediated silver and gold

nanoparticles for their antimicrobial and antioxidants potential

Oyeleke, O.O1*., Kilani, T.A1., Oke, M.A1., Adebayo, E.A1., Lateef, A1., Azeez, M.A1.,
Yekeen, T.A1., Matyumza, N2, Beukes, L.S3., and Gueguim-Kana, E.B3
1Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria; 2Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; 3Department of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B041 Abstract

Keywords Nanoparticles are structures of sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm

Myco-nanobiotechology which are responsible for their several unique physicochemical
Nanoparticles Ganoderma and biological properties. Myco-nanotechnology is the functional
lucidum
application of fungal species in nanotechnology to synthesize
Antimicrobial
nanoparticles. The medicinal fungus, Ganoderma lucidum (GL), is a
Antioxidant
mushroom with numerous biological activities. In this stud, silver
(AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were biosynthesized
using aqueous extracts from Ganoderma lucidum (GL). The
biosynthesized silver (GL-AgNPs) and gold (GL-AuNPs)
nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy,
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction
(SEAD), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray
diffraction (XRD) among others. They were assessed for their
antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. The UV-visible
spectroscopy shows peaks at 430 nm and 550 nm for GL-AgNPs
and GL-AuNPs respectively. FTIR analysis showed possible
biomolecules with prominent peaks at 3227 cm−1 and 1633 cm−1 for
GL-AgNPs, 3238 cm−1, and 1635 cm-1 for GL-AuNPs. TEM results
indicated spherical, anisotropic, rod, and hexagon particles with a
size range of 18-80 nm for AgNPs and 16-71 nm for AuNPs. SEAD
showed ring-shaped nanoparticles and crystalline form. The
biosynthesized nanoparticles efficiently inhibited the growth of
tested bacteria with the highest mean value of 19.33±0.3 mm for
GL-AgNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) at 100
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μg/ml. Furthermore, GL extract also exhibited a good zone of

inhibition compared with positive and negative control. The
antifungal activity test shows the highest inhibition percentage of
83.8% for GL-AuNPs. GL-AgNPs demonstrated excellent
antioxidant properties with a percentage mean value of 75.4±0.13.
The biosynthesized coupled with the GL extracts were effective
against pathogens with superb antioxidant potential, thus
indicating the efficacy of myco-nanoparticles in healthcare
delivery.

References
Adebayo et al. (2019). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of
silver, gold and silver-gold alloy nanoparticles phytosynthesized
using extract of Opuntia ficus-indica. Reviews and Advanced Material
Science 58: 313-326.

Adongbede, E., and Atoyebi, A. F. (2021). Isolation of Ganoderma

lucidum (Curtis) P. karst. from the wild in Lagos through tissue
culture techniques and cultivation on sawdust of six Nigerian
hardwoods. Journal of Applied Sciences 25(8):1497-1503.

Ijaz et al. (2020). Detail review on chemical, physical and green

synthesis, classification, characterization and applications of
nanoparticles. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 20(3): 223-245.

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Removal efficiency of rhodamine-b dye from aqueous solution by

chitosan-glutaraldehyde/rice husk composite

Adeoye, M.D1*., Lawal, A.T1., Azeez, L.A2., Adewuyi, S3., Ajao, F.D4., and Araoye,
A.O1
1Department of Chemical Sciences Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria; 2Department of Pure and
Applied Chemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; 3Department of Chemistry, Federal
University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; 4Department of Chemistry, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree,
Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P042 Abstract

Keywords The efficiency and adsorption characteristics of the synthesized

Composite chitosan-rice husk/glutaraldehyde composite (CRHGC) for
Physio-sorption Rhodamine B dye (RHDB) from aqueous solution was conducted
Monolayer
in this research. CRHGC was synthesized and characterized by
Adsorption capacity
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared
Sequestration
Isotherms Spectrum (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The effects
of various operational parameters such as; pH, initial
concentration, dosage, temperatures and contact time were
investigated on CRHGC adsorption capacity. The data obtained
were fitted to kinetic, thermodynamics and adsorption (Langmuir,
Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich) isotherms
models. The FTIR spectral peaks at 3324 cm-1, 2174 cm-1 and 1558
cm-1 may be attributed to N–H, thiocyanate (-SCN) and C-H of
methyl and methylene frequencies respectively, and the peaks at
2513 cm-1, 1626 cm-1 and 576 cm-1 can be assigned to S-H stretch of
thiols, C=C and C-S stretch of the disulfides. The SEM and EDX
showed a well-enlarge pores, which enhanced its surface
efficiency, with prominence of Na (1.3%) and Si (2.0%). The pH
point of zero charges (pHpzc) being 9, with maximum adsorption
occurring at pH 5 is an indication of negative surface charge of
CRHGC and cationic nature of RHDB. An increase in adsorption
capacity of CRHGC with increase in its dosage form, and
reductions in RHDB percentage adsorptions with increasing
RHDB concentrations and temperatures were observed. The
investigated operational parameters effects were all significant,
with Freundlich isotherm best describing the adsorption
processes. Monolayer adsorption capacity of 9.4 mg g−1 with

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correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.98 at 313K was recorded. The

RL (0.093-0.205) and n (>1) values for RHDB indicate the
favorability and cooperative nature of these processes as
temperature increased. The adsorption energy, E (0.614, 0.8963 and
0.9003KJ/mol), calculated from the Dubnin-Radushkevich plots at
diverse temperatures suggested physio-sorption, and pseudo-
second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.989) favourably described the
uptake performance of the studied adsorbent, with closer
agreement between experimental and calculated adsorption
capacities (qt). The negative values obtained for both ∆G (-20.293 to
-19.968KJ/mol) and ∆H (-25.286 KJ/mol), indicate that the
adsorption of RHDB on the prepared CRHGC was spontaneous
and CRHGC is a good adsorbent for sequestration of dyes from
waste water.

References
Maria et al. (2021). Carnauba (Copernicia prunifera) palm tree
biomass as adsorbent for Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water medium.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28(15):18941-18952.

Ratana et al. (2017) Adsorption of reactive dye (RB22) in solution

onto chitosan–rice husk ash composite beads cross-linked with
gultaraldehyde. Key Engineering Materials 751: 719-725.

Woro et al. (2016). Physical characteristics of chitosan-silica

composite of rice husk ash. IOP Conference Series Materials Science
and Engineering 107(1): 012039.

Yasemen et al. (2014). Equilibrium and kinetic study on the

adsorption of basic dye (BY28) onto raw Ca-Bentonite. Desalination
and Water Treatment. 52(37–39): 7389-7399.

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Uptake performance of ibuprofen in aqueous solution by Jacob's leaves

(Acalypha wilkesiana) mediated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (JL-
TDNPS)

Adeoye, M.D1*., Azeez, L.A2., Lawal, A.T1., Tewogbola, K.K3., and Junaid, L1
1Department of Chemical Sciences Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria; 2Department of Pure and
Applied Chemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; 3Department of Chemistry, Federal College
of Education, Osiele, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P043 Abstract

Keywords This study investigated the efficiency of the synthesized Jacob’s

Ibuprofen leaf extract-mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (JL-MTNPs)
Adsorption for removing the drug in ibuprofen (IBP) drug-simulated aqueous
Nanoparticles
solution. The prepared JL-MTNPs were characterized using
Monolayer
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared
Free energy
spectrum (FTIR), and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The effects
of pH, initial concentration, IBP dosage, temperatures, and contact
time on the adsorption capacity of JL-MTNPs were also
investigated. The adsorption data were fitted to different
adsorption models and kinetic and thermodynamic studies. The
UV/Vis spectra of JL- MTNPs showed characteristic bands at
365nm, while the observed FTIR spectral peaks at 3458 and 1626
cm-1 can be attributed to O-H and C=C stretching frequencies,
respectively. The SEM analysis showed well-developed images of
JL-MTNPs, with EDX showing prominence of Ti in JL-MTNPs. A
pH point of zero charges (pHpzc) occurred at 7.4, while the
maximum adsorption occurred at pH 2. An increase in the
percentage of IBP adsorbed with increasing dosage form of JL-
MTNPs, its decrease with increasing concentrations of JL-MTNPs,
and temperature was observed. The effect of operational
parameters investigated were all significant on the adsorption
models; Langmuir isotherm describes the adsorption
characteristics of JL- MTNPs, with monolayer adsorption capacity
of 5.16mg g−1 and the highest correlation coefficient (R2) value of
0.98 at 313K. However, the Freundlich isotherm model was the
most fitted, with an adsorption capacity of IBP on JL-MTNPs and
an R2 value of 0.9214 at 308K for IBP. The values of RL ranged
from 0.031 to 0.55, and for IBP, they ranged from 0.55. The
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adsorption energy (E) calculated from the Dubinin–Radushkevich

plot at different temperatures for IBP are 0.001, 0.01 and 0.001
kJ/mol suggesting that physio-sorption was involved in the
uptake of IBP, Pseudo-second-order best-described kinetics of IBP
uptake on JL-MTNPs with (R2 = 0.9975 and 0.9999) and closer
agreement between experimental and calculated adsorption
capacity (qt) at time t. The thermodynamic parameters indicated
that the adsorption was spontaneous, with -∆G value ranging from
-1.5998 to -8.0381. Conclusively, this investigation shows that JL-
MTNPs is an alternative promising adsorbent for the recovery of
dyes, and most likely heavy metal from aqueous solutions.

References
Azeez et al. (2018). Novel biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from
cobweb as adsorbent for Rhodamine B: equilibrium isotherm,
kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Applied Water Science 8(1): 32.

Mondal et al. (2016). Biosorptive uptake of ibuprofen by chemically

modified Parthenium hysterophorus derived biochar: Equilibrium,
kinetics, thermodynamics and modeling. Ecological Engineering 92:
158-172.

Mysore et al. (2019). Comparative study on the effects of surface

area, conduction band and valence band positions on the
photocatalytic activity of ZnO-MxOy heterostructures. Journal of
Water Resource and Protection 11(3): 357-370.

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Nanotechnology and wastewater treatment: a review of efficiency, safety

and environmental implications

Owodunni, B.A1*., Aduloju, L.S1., Ayinla, S.O2., and Anidiobi, U.S2

1Department of General Studies; 2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of
Fisheries and Marine Technology, Victoria-Island, Lagos, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P044 Abstract

Keywords The management of wastewater poses a significant environmental

Nanotechnology concern, particularly in light of the growing urbanization,
Wastewater industrial activities, and agricultural runoff, which are all major
Water treatment
factors in water contamination. To overcome the difficulties that
Nanomaterials safety
traditional approaches have in eliminating a wide range of
Waste management
Environment
contaminants, nanotechnology has emerged as a viable solution
for improving wastewater treatment procedures. The purpose of
this review is to understand the significance, effectiveness, and
applications of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment. It also
aims to identify the difficulties associated with applying
nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, summarize the studied
materials, and maybe offer solutions. Numerous nanomaterials
have proven to be remarkably effective at eliminating heavy
metals, organic pollutants, and pathogens from wastewater. These
materials include carbon-based nanomaterials, metal and metal
oxide nanoparticles, and polymeric nanocomposites. Concerns
over these materials' widespread use are raised by their possible
harm to the environment and human health. Even with the
encouraging outcomes, there are questions about the safety of
nanomaterials. The potential toxicity of nanoparticles to humans
and the environment is a concern due to their small size and
strong reactivity. Peer-reviewed journal papers, reports, and
reviews from databases like Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed
were all part of the approach used in this review. According to the
results of the literature research, nanotechnology has proven
useful in wastewater treatment because it can use precise sensors
to detect pollutants at the molecular level. Nevertheless, little is
known about the environmental dangers connected to the
dispersal of nanoparticles into the soil, water bodies, and the
atmosphere. This evaluation suggests that the Department of
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Water Resources Planning and Management works with nearby

nanotechnology facilities to enhance the industry's use of this
technology for efficient wastewater treatment. On the other hand,
this assessment emphasizes the necessity of a well-rounded
strategy that optimizes the advantages of nanotechnology while
minimizing any possible threats to the health of people and the
environment. Lastly, the wastewater treatment industry can
benefit from creative solutions to tackle the urgent problems of
water pollution and scarcity, promoting a cleaner, healthier, and
more sustainable environment for future generations, by utilizing
the transformative potential of nanomaterials and interdisciplinary
collaboration.

References
Abbas et al. (2020). Environmental transformation and nano-
toxicity of engineered Nano-particles (ENPs) in aquatic and
terrestrial organisms. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and
Technology 50(23): 2523-2581.

Ahmad et al. (2015). Recent advances in new generation dye

removal technologies: novel search for approaches to reprocess
wastewater. RSC Advances 5 (39): 30801-30818.

Boros, B.V., and Ostafe, V. (2020). Evaluation of ecotoxicology

assessment methods of nanomaterials and their
effects. Nanomaterials 10(4): 610.

Homaeigohar, S. (2020). Water treatment with new

nanomaterials. Water 12(5): 1507.

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Biosensors and nanosensors: a review on food analysis/safety

Ayinla, S.O1*., Adeleke, A2., Ikhuoria, B1., Aduloju, L.S2., and Owodunni, B.A2
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, 2Department of General Studies, Federal College of
Fisheries and Marine Technology, Victoria-Island, Lagos, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P045 Abstract

Keywords Nanosensors and biosensors have become essential tools for

Biosensors assessing food safety, particularly in detecting contaminants,
Nanosensors pathogens, allergens, and chemical residues. These devices,
Food safety
including electronic tongues and noses, provide rapid, accurate,
Nanoparticles
and real-time analysis, driven by increasing regulations and the
Food analysis
complexities of a global food supply chain. Biosensors utilize
bioreceptors such as enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids, while
nanosensors leverage the unique properties of nanomaterials like
carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and gold nanoparticles to
enhance sensitivity and performance. Recent advancements in
microfabrication have enabled the development of portable, user-
friendly devices for on-site testing. However, challenges remain
regarding sensor stability, repeatability, and regulatory approval.
Further research is needed to enhance multiplexing capabilities,
allowing for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in
complex food matrices. Integrating these sensors into larger food
monitoring systems promises to improve food quality and safety
from production to consumption.

References
Cheng et al. (2019). Recent advances in biosensors for detecting
cancer-derived exosomes. Trends in Biotechnology 37(11): 1236-1254.

Sassolas et al. (2012). Immobilization strategies to develop

enzymatic biosensors. Biotechnology Advances 30(3): 489-511.

Yao et al. (2021). Micro-nanoparticle formation and transformation

mechanisms of broth in meat braised processing. Food Chemistry
342: 128383.

Wang, J. (2006). Electrochemical biosensors: towards point-of-care

cancer diagnostics. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21(10): 1887-1892.
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 Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat. 8 (2024) 105-278

Assessment of tapioca-synthesized graphene-modified electrode with

biopolymer-based membrane for enhancing biofilm efficiency in
microbial fuel cell

Oluyide, O.O1*., Oloke, J.K2., Adenigba, V.O3., Elufisan, T.O4., and Ametefe, G.D1
1Department of Biotechnology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; 2Department of Pure and
Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 3Department of Science
Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 4Oak Ridge
Institute for Science and Education, Environmental Microbiology and Food Safety Lab Agriculture
Research Service, USA.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B046 Abstract

Keywords Microbial fuel cells offer enormous potential for waste

Tapioca management, energy production, and biomass valorization.
Cellulose acetate However, technical challenges exist, including low power
Microbial Fuel Cell
generation efficiency and operational stability. Graphene is an
Graphene
innovative material with remarkable physical and chemical
Electrode
Membrane properties that can enhance the advancement of microbial fuel
cells (MFC) in various ways. This study utilized tapioca (cassava
starch) as a novel precursor for graphene synthesis via a chemical
exfoliation method. It was characterized using an XRD and FTIR
spectroscopy. The anode electrodes were coated with graphene
and integrated into the MFC system, combining cellulose acetate
films as proton exchange membranes to allow the movement of
ions. Their effect on bioelectricity generation was explored using a
two- chambered microbial fuel cell reactor and their biofilm
efficiency was determined. A mixed culture of three active bacteria
(Pseudomonas taiwanensis, Myroids odoratimimus, and
Spingobacterium mizutai) was used as biocatalyst. Membrane
efficacy was assessed using SEM and EDX analysis. The graphene-
coated copper electrode demonstrated a biofilm efficiency of
5.10%, resulting in higher energy output with a peak voltage
generation of 2.5V presenting a potential material over non-coated
ones. Comparative SEM images showed thicknesses of the support
layers of cellulose acetate membranes before the experiment and
the thickness and porosity sizes reduce over time. The study
revealed tapioca-synthesized graphene-modified electrodes and
cellulose acetate membranes can significantly improve Microbial

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fuel cl performance. The modification enhances electrode

conductivity and biofilm growth, while the cellulose acetate
membrane supports proton conductivity, indicating potential for
scaling up MFC technology.

References
Champavert, J., and Innocent, C. (2015). Promising graphene
modified electrode using layer-by-layer method for microbial
biofilm connection. Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
9(5): 309-317.

Daud et al., (2015). Separators used in microbial electrochemical

technologies: Current status and future prospects. Bioresource
Technology 195: 170–179.

Das et al. (2019). Quaternized cellulose and graphene oxide

crosslinked polyphenylene oxide-based anion exchange
membrane. Scientific Reports 9: 9572.

ElMekawy et al. (2016). Applications of graphene in microbial fuel

cells: The gap between promise and reality. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 72: 1389–1403.

Oluyide et al. (2020). Bioelectricity generating potentials and

molecular characterization of bacterial species from food
processing wastewater using microbial fuel cell technology.
Bioscience Research 17(3): 1783-1791.

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Synthesis of nano-biochar for industrial wastewater treatment

Abubakar, A.I1*., Abdulfatai, J2., Adefeso, I.B1., Ahmad, I.A1., Mohammed, U1., and
Said, H.M1,3
1Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; 2Department of
Chemical Engineering, University Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; 3Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable
Transitions, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P047 Abstract

Keywords In developing nations like Nigeria, industrial wastewater, notably

Biochar untreated or inadequately treated, is often released directly into
Nano-biochar the surrounding environment, predominantly affecting water
Heavy metals
bodies. This concerning practice significantly impacts
Wastewater
environmental health and safety, posing a worrisome issue due to
Industry
its implications. Across the globe, various conventional methods
are employed to eliminate wastewater pollutants. Thus, these
techniques suffer from multiple drawbacks ranging from
inefficiency in removing pollutants. However, recent study shows,
that nano-biochar is a relatively new material, and research on its
long-term result and potential in water and wastewater treatment
is still limited. This study focuses on the synthesis and
characterization of nano-biochar from rice husk for the treatment
of industrial wastewater. The collected rice husk was washed
dried in an oven at 60 °C for 30 min, subjected to pyrolysis at 450
°C for 1 h in muffle furnace, and then sieved through a 2 mm
sieve. The finely ground 20 g of biochar was added to 600 ml of
distilled water and solution was stirred for 2 min on a magnetic
stirrer at 980 rpm. The solution was sonicated at 60 °C for 30 min
and stirred again for 5 min. The nano-biochar was weighed to
calculate the yield. The analysis reveals that Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) indicates several functional groups
on the surface of the rice husk, biochar and nano-biochar of C-X
stretching at 1033 cm⁻¹, alkane C-H bonds at 1458 cm⁻¹, alkane C-C
stretching at 2921 cm⁻¹, and hydroxyl groups at 3294 cm⁻¹. The
nano-biochar demonstrates a high BET specific surface area of
323.22 m²/g and a nanoscale of 2.38 nm, enhancing its
effectiveness in adsorbing heavy metals. The wastewater was
characterization includes, the initial levels of BOD of 452.8 mg/L,

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a DO of 9.4 mg/L and a COD of 709.1 mg/L, indicating high

pollution levels. The research also evaluates the adsorption
capacity of nano-biochar for removing lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and
iron (Fe) from rice mill wastewater. The findings reveal substantial
reductions in lead concentrations from 5.4 mg/L to 2.76 mg/L,
and iron from 20.6 mg/L to 12.6 mg/L, showcasing the nano-
biochar's high efficiency in addressing heavy metal pollution,
which is vital for protecting human health and the environment.
Results demonstrate a correlation between the percentage removal
of these metals and the adsorption capacity of nano-biochar. The
isotherm model effectively represents the adsorption processes for
Pb, As, and Fe. SEM images at various magnifications reveal a
densely packed porous surface, crucial for adsorption capabilities.
Comparative analysis with existing literature shows that nano-
biochar obtained from this research outperforms. Future research
is recommended to investigate the long-term effects and broader
environmental applications of using nano-biochar in wastewater
treatment.

References
Amalina et al. (2022). Biochar production techniques utilizing
biomass waste-derived materials and environmental applications
–a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 7: 100134.

Enaime et al. (2020). Biochar for Wastewater Treatment—

Conversion Technologies and Applications. Applied Sciences 10(10):
3492.

Abd-Rabboh et al. (2022). Valorization of rice husk and straw

agriculture wastes of Eastern Saudi Arabia: production of bio-
based silica, lignocellulose, and activated carbon. Materials 15(11):
3746.

Nagaraju et al. (2023). Exploring the benefits of rice husk waste:

synthesis and characterization of biochar and nanobiochar for
agricultural and environmental sustainability. International Journal
of Environment and Climate Change 13(9): 715-725.

Okereke et al. (2016). Environmental and health impact of

industrial wastewater effluents in Nigeria-a review. International
Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences 3(6): 55-67.

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Selenium nanoparticles biosynthesized using Sarcocephalus latifolius

stem-bark extract and their anti-microbial, antioxidant and thrombolytic
activities

Raimi, O.R1,2*., and Lateef, A2

1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria; 2Department of
Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B048 Abstract

Keywords Studies from literature review have confirmed Sarcocephalus

Sarcocephalous latifolius latifolius to possess alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and
Green synthesis steroids with antibacterial, antimalaria, and anti-diabetic potential.
Selenium nanoparticles
However, there is lack of scientific evidence on the green synthesis
Antimicrobial
of selenium nanoparticle from the stem of S. latifolius and its
Antioxidant
Anticoagulant biological activities. This study is intended to determine the
Thrombolytic chemical composition of S. latifolius using Gas Chromatography
Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and synthesize selenium nanoparticle
using S. latifolius stem-bark extract, characterize them, determine
their antibacterial activity, evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant, anti-
coagulant and thrombolytic activities. The S. latifolius selenium
nanoparticles (SL-SeNPs) were synthesized by reducing selenium
dioxide with S. latifolius stem-bark extract. SL-SeNPs were
characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The anti-microbial
activity of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli and Candida albicans was determined by agar disc diffusion
method, in-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH,
hydrogen peroxide and ferric iron scavenging. The GC-MS
analysis of S. latifolius extract revealed sulfurous acid,
phosphonoacetic acid, and hexadecanoic acid. The UV-
spectroscopy of SL-SeNPs showed maximum absorbance at 281
nm, which is the characteristic feature of SeNPs. According to SEM
images, the size of SL-SeNPs was 100 nm. Selenium in SL-SeNPs
67.06% weight at 1.7 keV. FTIR spectrum shows strong peaks at
3128.64, 2360.95, 1400.37 and 825.56 cm-1. The synthesized
nanoparticles showed inhibition against Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus, Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia coli and
Multi-Drug Resistant Candida albicans in the range of 10-22 mm
respectively. Also, the nanoparticles have shown to possess
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antioxidant, anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities. This study

has shown that the green synthesized SL-SeNPs has a strong
antimicrobial activity and potential biomedical applications.

References
Alagesan, V., and Venugopal, S. (2019). Green synthesis of
selenium nanoparticle using leaves extract of Withania somnifera
and its biological applications and photocatalytic activities.
Bionanoscience 9: 105-116.

Godwin et al. (2020). Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties

of African peach (Sarcocephalus latifolius). Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry 9: 198-204.

Gunti et al. (2019). Phytofabrication of selenium nanoparticles from

Emblica officinalis fruit extract and exploring its biopotential
applications: antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biocompatibility.
Frontiers in Microbiology 10: 931.

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Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by

metabolites of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented Cyperus
esculentus milk

Mamora, O.T1*., Aina, D.A1., Jonathan, S.G2., Amodu, S1., and Fagbemi, K.O1
1Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria; 2Department of Botany,
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B049 Abstract

Keywords Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global public health threat,

Antimicrobial resistance with the rapid rise of multidrug-resistant microbes becoming
Cyperus esculentus alarming. The quest for natural antimicrobials has increased as
Food safety
consumers seek safer alternatives for ensuring food safety,
Lactic acid bacteria
nutrition, and sensory quality. This current study investigates the
Silver nanoparticles
antimicrobial activities of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) from metabolites of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated
from Cyperus esculentus milk. LAB were isolated and characterized
using conventional and molecular methods. Metabolites from the
LAB strains were used to synthesize AgNPs. The AgNPs were
characterized using UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis),
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Energy Dispersive
X-ray (EDX). Antimicrobial assay was done using agar well
diffusion method. Results from the study showed that Lactobacillus
plantarum has the highest occurrence (37.5%) and Lactococcus
acidophilus (4.2%) occurred least. UV-Vis confirmed the formation
of LAB metabolite-synthesized AgNPs with absorbance peaks at
450 and 500 nm. Transmission electron microscopy revealed
spherical AgNPs ranging from 1.32 to 23.22 nm, with size
variations attributed to different LAB strains. Energy Dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy results indicated a significant presence of
AgNPs, with weak signals of other elements. The biosynthesized
AgNPs possess antibacterial and antifungal activities against
selected food pathogens. Lactobacillus plantarum strain 218 had the
strongest antibacterial activities (22±2.00 mm) against
Staphylococcus aureus. L. plantarum strain a27 had the strongest
antifungal activities (11.5±0.71 mm) against Aspergillus flavus.
Silver nanoparticles synthesized from the metabolites of LAB
isolated from C. esculentus milk therefore show great potential as
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natural antimicrobials offering an alternative to combat

antimicrobial resistance and improve microbial food safety.

References
Bruna et al. (2021). Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial
Applications International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22(13): 7202.

Moradi et al. (2021). A review on preparation and chemical

analysis of postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria. Enzyme and
Microbial Technology 143: 109722.

Mortezaee et al. (2019). Mechanisms of apoptosis modulation by

curcumin: Implications for cancer therapy. Journal of Cell Physiology
234(8): 12537-12550.

Wakil et al. (2014). Microbiological and nutritional assessment of

starter-developed fermented tigernut milk. Food and Nutrition
Sciences 5(6): 495-506.

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The current status and prospect of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial

agent

Adeniran, J.A1*., Azeez, A.O1., Oyelami, G.T1., Alagbe, E.A1., Omomowo, I.O1.,
Adenigba, V.O2., and Bamigboye, C.O1
1Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria; 2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B050 Abstract

Keywords Novel applications of nanoparticles (NPs) are growing rapidly on

Nanotechnology various fronts due to their characteristic physicochemical
Wastewater properties, as well as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, catalyzing, optical,
Water treatment
electronic and magnetic properties. These particles range from 1–
Nanomaterials safety
100 nm, exhibits unique chemical, biological, and physical
Waste management
Environment
properties. This makes NPs widely applicable in medicine,
biotechnology, agriculture, and environmental sectors. These
particles exhibit strong antimicrobial properties against bacteria,
fungi, and viruses due to their small size and large surface area.
With the need for novel and effective antimicrobial agents, this
review focuses on the antimicrobial impacts of AgNPs, as well as
to describe the benefits of employing AgNPs as new antimicrobial
agent in different life science applications. Relevant literatures
were sourced from Springer and Elsevier website for analysis.
From the literature reviewed, a variety of materials were explored
for the green synthesis of NPs with potential antimicrobial
activity. The enhanced antimicrobial activity of some metals at
nanoscale has been most valuable in medical, environmental and
healthcare areas, where the incorporation of AgNPs into different
products has been studied, including surgical and food handling
tools, clothing, cosmetics, dental products, water treatments,
catheters, as well as wound dressings. Coating medical sutures
with AgNPs enabled the inhibition of E. coli, S. aureus and Candida
albicans (Baygar et al., 2019). The use of AgNPs as an antimicrobial
agent in textile, food industry, agriculture, water treatment, and
most importantly in health care sector was demonstrated in most
studies. Fewer studies demonstrated the mechanisms by which the
antimicrobial activity was implemented. There is a need to
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conduct a holistic study of the long-term toxicity of NPs to living

organisms and the environment at large.

References
Basheer et al. (2023). Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using
marine fungi and their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic
microorganisms. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
21(1): 127.

Baygar et al. (2019). Antimicrobial characteristics and

biocompatibility of the surgical sutures coated with
biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Bioorganic Chemistry 86: 254-
258.

Madivoli et al. (2023). Stimuli-responsive and antibacterial

cellulose-chitosan hydrogels containing polydiacetylene
nanosheets. Polymers 15(5): 1062.

Mwangi et al. (2024). An evaluation of antimicrobial potency of

silver nanoparticles synthesised from Fusarium sp. Discover Applied
Sciences 6(4): 201.

Turakhia et al. (2020). Green synthesis of copper oxide

nanoparticles: a promising approach in the development of
antibacterial textiles. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 17:
531-540.

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Cinnamomum camphora mediated synthesis and immobilization of silver

nanoparticles onto textile materials for antimicrobial applications and
their cytotoxic evaluation

Naveed, S1., Arshad, H1*., Khan, M.N2., Malkani, N3., Khalid, A1, Aslam, M.S4., and
Zafar, A1
1Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore Pakistan; 2Shaheed Benazir Bhutto
University Sheringal, Pakistan; 3Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan; 4School of
Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B051 Abstract

Keywords Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are powerful antimicrobials and are

Cinnamomum camphora formulated using conventional toxic chemical processes,
AgNPs traditionally. In this study, an aqueous leaf extract of the
Nanotextiles
Cinnamomum camphora (CE) plant was employed as a reducing and
Antibacterial
capping agent to synthesize and immobilize AgNPs onto cotton
Toxicity
materials. UV-vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS),
Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and X-ray crystallography (XRD) were
used for the characterization. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus
aureus were used for antimicrobial studies using Kirby Bauer
method whereas erythrocytes and Vero cells were used for
cytotoxicity studies. The synthesis and immobilization of C.
camphora-conjugated AgNPs (C-AgNPs) was achieved in 15 min
under sunlight irradiation. Synthesis and immobilization of C-
AgNPs on cotton fabric (C-Cot) and cotton fiber (C-CotF) was
confirmed by SEM-EDX analysis. FTIR analysis showed the
involvement of phenolics and amines among others in formation
of AgNPs. XRD analysis showed the semi crystalline behavior of
C-AgNPs. Microbial growth was significantly inhibited by C-
AgNPs, C-Cot, and C-CotF. MIC and MBC were between 50 to 200
µg/mL for both pathogens. C-AgNPs displayed low toxicity on
human erythrocytes whereas dose dependent toxicity was noted
on Vero cells. Our effective method and materials are promising
for use in socks, bandages among other antimicrobial products.

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References
Arshad et al. (2022). Synthesis of Aloe vera-conjugated silver
nanoparticles for use against multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 55: 55-64.

Fabian, S.L., and Alfaro, B.E.G. (2020). Silver nanoparticles

synthetized with Cinnamomum camphora to reduces total coliforms
in soil agricultural, Lima Perú. CET Journal-Chemical Engineering
Transactions 79: 325-330.

Aguda, O.N., and Lateef, A. (2021). Novel biosynthesis of silver

nanoparticles through valorization of Parkia biglobosa fermented-
seed wastewater: antimicrobial properties and nanotextile
application. Environmental Technology and Innovation 24: 102077.

Aguda, O.N., and Lateef, A. (2022). Valorization of Parkia biglobosa

wastewater for novel biofabrication of Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles with
potent action against MDR strains and nanotextile application.
Inorganic Chemistry Communications 140: 109427.

Aguda, O.N., and Lateef, A. (2022). Recent advances in

functionalization of nanotextiles: a strategy to combat harmful
microorganisms and emerging pathogens in the 21st century.
Heliyon 8(6): e09761.

Masry et al. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of camphor tree silver

nano-particles against foulbrood diseases and finding out new
strain of Serratia marcescens via DGGE-PCR, as a secondary
infection on honeybee larvae. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
28(4): 2067-2075.

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Nanotechnology safety in biomedical applications: a review of recent

advances

Hamzat, A.K*., and Asmatulu, R

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260,
USA

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P052 Abstract

Keywords Nanotechnology has transformed biomedical applications,

Nanotechnology providing unparalleled prospects in drug delivery, diagnostics,
Biomedicine imaging, and regenerative medicine, the unique properties of
Toxicity
nanomaterials that make them valuable also raise significant safety
Biocompatibility
concerns. This review examines recent advances in
Nanosafety
nanotechnology safety within the context of biomedical
applications. We examined the present understanding of
nanoparticle toxicity, biodistribution, and environmental effects,
emphasizing the intricacies of nano-bio interactions. Recent
advancements in safety evaluation are critically overviewed,
encompassing enhanced characterization techniques, sophisticated
in vitro and in vivo models, and novel strategies for nanoparticle
design, including surface modifications and biodegradable
materials. The evolving regulatory landscape is analyzed,
emphasizing the challenges in developing comprehensive
guidelines for nanomedicine. We anticipate upcoming trends in
nanosafety research, such as high-throughput screening, in silico
modeling, and the principle of "safety-by-design." The discussion
also encompasses the potential for individualized safety profiles
and the ethical ramifications of nanomedicine. This review
emphasizes the essential need to balance innovation with safety
considerations to fully harness the potential of nanotechnology in
healthcare. Ongoing research, global collaboration, and flexible
regulatory frameworks will be crucial for the responsible
advancement and application of nanomedicine.

References
Choi, J., and Wang, N.S. (2011). Nanoparticles in biomedical
applications and their safety concerns. In: Biomedical Engineering
from Theory to Applications (pp. 299-314). IntechOpen.

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Blatchley, C.C (2013). Nanotechnology Safety in the Biomedical

Industry. In Nanotechnology Safety (pp. 73-83). Elsevier.

Von Hohendorff et al. (2021). Safety regulations for the use of

nanotechnological products for biomedical applications: a
systematic literature review. Nanotechnology in Medicine:
Toxicity and Safety (pp. 315-348). Wiley.

Ray, S.S., and Bandyopadhyay, J. (2021). Nanotechnology-enabled

biomedical engineering: Current trends, future scopes, and
perspectives. Nanotechnology Reviews 10(1): 728-743.

Oksel Karakus et al. (2021). Biomedical nanomaterials:

applications, toxicological concerns, and regulatory needs.
Nanotoxicology 15(3): 331-351.

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Potato peels-synthesized carbon nanotubes for crude oil spill clean up

Mansur, Y.I*., and Afolabi, A.M

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P053 Abstract

Keywords The increasing environmental concerns regarding crude oil spills

Nanotechnology have highlighted the need for sustainable and efficient
Potato peels remediation methods. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to their high
Carbon nanotubes
surface area and adsorption capacity, have emerged as a
Crude oil
promising solution. This study investigates the synthesis of CNTs
Remediation
Adsorption
from potato peels, to offer an eco-friendly alternative for oil spill
cleanup. Utilising waste materials like potato peels not only
addresses environmental contamination but also contributes to
waste valorisation and sustainability efforts. Potato peels were
collected, washed, dried, and carbonised at 300 °C for 2 h. The
carbonised material was then processed to synthesise CNTs. The
CNTs were characterised using FTIR to identify the key functional
groups (hydroxyl (O-H) and carbonyl (C=O) groups), which are
crucial for adsorption. UV-Vis studies have revealed the absence
of strong absorption in the visible region, suggesting the formation
of well-structured CNTs, which are crucial for oil spill
remediation. SEM analysis revealed a highly porous and rough
surface ideal for crude oil adsorption. XRD studies confirmed the
presence of graphitic carbon structures in the synthesised CNTs.
The absorption dosage results indicated that the CNTs
demonstrated a high adsorption capacity for crude oil, with a
removal efficiency of up to 99.996% at an adsorbent dosage of 2 g
and a contact time of 30 min. The maximum adsorption capacity
reached 2500 mg/g at lower adsorbent dosages, suggesting
efficient utilisation of the material. The results further show that
keeping an acidic environment improves adsorption effectiveness,
whereas increasing pH may inhibit interactions due to electrostatic
repulsion. At increasing temperatures, the adsorption process
becomes more thermodynamically favourable. As kinetic energy
increases, crude oil molecules are more likely to overcome energy
barriers and connect to the CNTs' active sites. The proportion of
removal increases as the contact time decreases. This behaviour
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shows the efficiency of the synthesised CNTs, demonstrating that

lesser quantities of CNTs can adsorb larger volumes of crude oil in
a shorter time frame. The CNTs synthesised present a sustainable
and cost-effective solution for crude oil spill remediation. Their
high adsorption efficiency makes them an ideal candidate for
large-scale environmental applications.

References
Osman et al. (2019). Production and characterisation of activated
carbon and carbon nanotubes from potato peel waste and their
application in heavy metal removal. Environmental Science and
Pollution Research International 26(36): 37228-37241.

Jasim, A., and Ali, N. (2023). Microstructure investigation of

activated carbon prepared from potato peel. Journal of Applied
Sciences and Nanotechnology 3(2): 75-86.

Ramachandran et al. (2021) Potato peels biochar composite with

copper phthalocyanine for energy storage application. Diamond
and Related Materials 115: 108360.

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Synthesis and characterization of iron tungstate nanoparticles

Ajala, O.J1,2*., Tijani, J.O1,3., Salau, R.B1., and Abdulkareem, A.S2,3

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; 3Nanotechnology Research
Group, Africa Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology,
Minna, Nigeria; 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/P054 Abstract

Keywords Iron tungstate (FeWO4) nanoparticles were synthesized using a

FeWO4 nanoparticles simple sol-gel method, employing sodium tungstate dihydrate
Sol-gel synthesis and iron (II) sulfate as precursors, with distilled water as the
Nanotechnology
solvent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using
HRTEM
various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR)
BET
XRD spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy
(HRSEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen
adsorption-desorption analysis. FTIR spectroscopy revealed key
vibrational modes: peaks at 771 cm−1 and 948 cm−1 were attributed
to O–W–O vibrations and W–O bond stretching, respectively.
Additionally, a peak at 567 cm−1 corresponded to Fe–O bending
vibrations, while peaks at 3423 cm−1 and 1620 cm−1 were assigned
to H–O–H stretching modes and bending vibrations, indicating the
presence of free or adsorbed water. HRSEM and HRTEM analyses
confirmed formation of aggregated and heterogeneous spherical
shaped particles. XRD analysis demonstrated the formation of a
highly crystalline monoclinic phase of FeWO4 under optimal
synthesis conditions: a solution pH of 7, a reaction temperature of
30 °C, and a stirring speed of 500 rpm. This comprehensive
characterization underscores the successful synthesis of FeWO4
nanoparticles using hydrogen chloride as the chelating agent.

References
Almeida et al. (2012). Electronic structure and magnetic properties
of FeWO4 nanocrystals synthesized by the microwave-
hydrothermal method. Journal of Materials Characterization 73: 124-
129.

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Boudghene et al. (2021). Synthesis of FeWO4 heterogeneous

composite by the sol–gel process: enhanced photocatalytic activity
on malachite green. Journal of Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and
Catalysis 133(1): 563-578.

Buvaneswari et al. (2015). Effect of FeWO4 doping on the

photocatalytic activity of ZnO under visible light irradiation.
Journal of Applied Surface Science 356: 333-340.

Choi, J.U., and Jo, W.-K. (2020). FeWO4/g-C3N4 heterostructures

decorated with N-doped graphene quantum dots prepared under
various sonication conditions for efficient removal of noxious
vapors. Journal of Ceramics International 46(8): 11346-11356.

Dadigala et al. (2019). Construction of in situ self-assembled

FeWO4/gC3N4 nanosheet heterostructured Z-scheme
photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of
rhodamine B and tetracycline. Journal of Nanoscale Advances 1(1):
322-333.

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Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles from Tetrapleura

tetraptera seed extract and its antidiabetic activity

Oladipo, I.C*., Ogunsona, S.B., Rabiu, O.F., and Ogunleke, O.B

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B055 Abstract

Keywords Tetrapleura tetraptera seed extract was used to synthesize titanium

Tetrapleura tetraptera dioxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using
Green synthesis ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy
TiO2NPs
(TEM), the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and selected area
Anti-diabetic activity
electron diffraction (SAED). The cloudy white color solution of
titanium dioxide nanoparticles absorbed maximally at 226 nm. The
biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles produced
agglomerated and rhomboid particles in the size ranges of 28.34-
79.69 nm. SAED showed that the particles were crystalline in
nature as depicted by the ring patterns of diffraction. The titanium
dioxide nanoparticles synthesized from Tetrapleura tetraptera seed
extract was investigated for its antidiabetic properties in the
present study. A total number of 35 healthy male albino rats with
body weight ranges of 130-170 g were purchased and acclimatized
for 14 days after which they were randomly divided into 6 groups
(A-F) of 5 animals each. Group F, the control was not induced
while the other 5 groups (A-E) were induced with 55 mg/kg/bw
of Stretozotocin by intraperitoneal administration. After 48 h,
measurement of the tail vein blood glucose was done to confirm
hyperglycemia. Experimental rats with fasting glucose levels
greater than 160 g/dl were considered diabetic. Group A and B
received treatment with 100 and 200 mg of biosynthesized
titanium nanoparticles respectively. Group C received treatment
with 200 mg plant extract. Group D received treatment with 200
mg metformin, and Group E received distilled water (1 ml). Group
F (non-diabetic) orally received 1 ml distilled water. This treatment
was administered every day for 14 days. The result shows that the
weight of the rats reduced after diabetes induction but after 14
days of treatment, the weight of treated groups increased when
compared to the untreated group. Furthermore, it was observed
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that after the treatment with the extract and metformin, the blood
sugar was down regulated unlike the untreated groups. Due to the
diabetic induction, there were increases in aspartate amino
transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), gamma
glutamyl transferase (GGT) which was reduced after treatment
with extract, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and metformin. Urea
and creatinine levels in the serum of experimental rats were
significantly reduced after the treatment. This research confirmed
that titanium dioxide nanoparticles could be embedded in drugs
or traditional medicine aimed at treating diabetes and related
complications.

References
Akinola et al. (2020). Multifunctional titanium dioxide
nanoparticles biofabricated via phytosynthetic route using extracts
of Cola nitida: antimicrobial, dye degradation, antioxidant and
anticoagulant activities. Heliyon 6(8): e04610.

Aditya et al. (2021). Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of

titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesised using Mucuna pruriens.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 33(62A): 414–422.

Bachhar et al. (2024) Antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic

activities of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized through
ultrasonication assisted cold maceration from stem extract of
Euphorbia hirta. Letter in Applied NanoBioscience 14: 2025.

Belayneh et al. (2019). Evaluation of in vivo antidiabetic,

antidyslipidemic, and in vitro antioxidant activities of
hydromethanolic root extract of Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae).
Journal of Experimental Pharmacology 11: 29-38.

Dobrucka, R. (2017) Synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

using Echinacea Purpurea herba. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical
Research 16: 756–762.

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Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Tetrapleura tetraptera

husk aqueous extract and its biomedical applications

Ogunleke, O.B., Oladipo, I.C*., and Ogunsona, S.B

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B056 Abstract

Keywords This study investigates the green synthesis of zinc oxide

Tetrapleura tetraptera nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using an aqueous extract from Tetrapleura
Green synthesis tetraptera husk, leveraging its eco-friendly and cost-effective
ZnONPs
properties. The synthesis process involves reacting zinc sulfate
Biomedical applications
with the plant extract, resulting in the formation of ZnONPs under
mild, ambient conditions. Characterization of the nanoparticles
was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), confirming the successful
creation of ZnONPs with a crystalline structure and particle sizes
ranging from 20 to 50 nm. The antimicrobial efficacy of the
ZnONPs was assessed against various bacterial and fungal strains,
showing substantial inhibitory effects. This research underscores
the potential of using plant-based extracts for environmentally
benign synthesis of ZnONPs, highlighting their promising
applications in biomedical fields. The ultra-violet-visible spectrum
of the nanoparticles displayed maximum absorbance at the
wavelength of 222.0 nm. The FTIR absorption spectrum showed
strong peak at 367, 3410, 3071, 2927, 2572, 1937 and 1601 cm-1
indicating that proteins acted as the capping and stabilization
molecules in biosynthesized nanoparticles. The in-vitro
antidiabetic properties of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles
were evaluated: the estimation of α-glucosidase inhibition was
done by measuring the 4-nitrophenol released from p-nitrophenyl,
α-D glucopyranoside at different concentration of (50-400 µg/ml)
of the extract, nanoparticles, acarbose and zinc oxide. The α-
amylase inhibition properties of the zinc oxide nanoparticles were
discovered at the same concentration. The zinc oxide nanoparticles
showed antidiabetic properties through the inhibition of α-
glucosidase and α-amylase. The mycelial inhibitory properties of
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the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against toxigenic fungi

such as Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, and
Aspergillus fumigatus showed the potency of the nanoparticles. The
biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles showed significant free
radical scavenging properties against 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl-
Hydrazyl (DPPH) by 46.14-74.58% at 25-200 µl/ml. Furthermore,
the zinc oxide nanoparticles displayed anticoagulant and
thrombolytic activities using human blood indicating the
biomedical potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the
management of blood coagulation disorders. This study has
presented excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of
eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles from Tetrapleura tetraptera
husk aqueous extract which can be exploited in therapeutic
approach in treating infections and oxidative stress.

References
Adelakun et al. (2021). Aqueous extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera
fruit peels influence copulatory behavior and maintain testicular
integrity in sexually mature male Sprague-Dawley rats: Pro-
fertility evaluation and histomorphometry evidence. Current
Research in Physiology 194: 7–16.

Fouda et al. (2023) Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles

using an aqueous extract of Punica granatum for antimicrobial and
catalytic activity. Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14(4): 205.

Moalwi et al. (2024). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles

from Wodyetia bifurcata fruit peel extract: multifaceted potential in
wound healing, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer
applications. Frontiers Pharmacology 5: 15.

Selim et al. (2020). Green Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles

using aqueous extract of Deverra tortuosa and their cytotoxic
activities. Scientific Reports 261: 3445.

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Characterization and antibacterial activity of silver-fabricated

nanoparticles using stem bark extract of Cassia sieberiana against
gastroenteritis-associated bacteria

Amodu, S1*., Fabiyi, E.D1., Ezeamagu, C.O1., Aina, D.A1., Animashaun, R.O2.,
Fagbemi, K.O1., and Oyewole, T.E1
1Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Nigeria; 2Department of Basic Sciences,
Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B057 Abstract

Keywords The quest for alternative therapy to combat the menace of

AgNPs infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria is a serious
Antibacterial activity public health concern worldwide. This study utilized Cassia
Cassia sieberiana
sieberiana stem bark extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles
Gastroenteritis
(AgNPs) with antibacterial activity. The nanoparticles were
Silver nanoparticles
characterized using UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD),
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron
Microscopy (TEM). Antibacterial activity was examined using agar
well diffusion method. The UV-Vis confirmed the presence of
peaks at 420 nm for spherical AgNPs. The FTIR spectrum showed
sharp peaks at 3785, 3406, 2919, 2855, and 1372 cm-1, indicating the
presence of hydroxyl, methyl, methylene, alkenyl, and alkyl
groups in the AgNPs. The XRD indicated clear and distinct peaks
confirming high purity and crystalline nature of phyto-
synthesized AgNPs. The SEM and TEM showed the synthesized
AgNPs were spherical in shape with average sizes ≥50 nm. The
AgNPs synthesized showed zone of inhibition ranging between
6.00 mm and 14.00 mm against Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii,
Enterobacter hormaechei and Shigella flexneri. The study concluded
that C. sieberiana stem bark AgNPs displayed remarkable
antibacterial activity against gastroenteritis-associated bacteria and
could be used in therapeutic applications.

References
Adamu et al. (2006). Medicinal Plants and their Uses. W. Feulsham
and Comp. Ltd: New York, pp. 7-15.

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Adebayo, J.O., and Krettli, A.U. (2017). Potential anti-malarials

from Nigerian plants - A review article. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 133, 289-302.

Adelere et al. (2017). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using

aqueous extract of Buchholzia coriacea (Wonderful Kola) seeds and
their antimicrobial activities. Annals of Food Science and Technology,
18 671–679.

Adeleye et al. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil and

extracts of Gongronema latifolium on bacterial isolates from blood
stream of HIV infected patients. Journal of Pharmacology and
Toxicology 6: 312-320.

Azeez et al. (2017). Biomedical applications of cocoa bean extract-

mediated silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial, larvicidal and
anticoagulant agents. Journal of Cluster Science 28(1): 149-164.

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Influence of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle on pepper plant

Adebomojo, A.A., and AbdulRahaman, A.A

Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B058 Abstract

Keywords Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is ranked third in Nigeria among the
Capsicum annuum cultivated vegetable crops, behind onions and tomatoes. It is vital
Green synthesis to the nutritional stability of both rural and urban dwellers,
ZnONPs
providing vitamins and minerals in their diets. Due to the world's
Plant growth
population growth and the limited amount of land available for
Elemental composition
cultivation, new agro-technologies need to be developed to
support agricultural production and protection globally. In
addition to greater food production, eating foods high in nutrients
is essential for preventing malnutrition. An important
micronutrient for humans, animals, and plants is zinc (Zn). The
use of biosynthesized Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles through
foliar fertilization can reduce this problem. The current study
mainly focuses on the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using
moringa leaf extract and their effects on Pepper plant. The
formation of ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis
spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Scanning
Electron Microscopy, and particle size analysis. The effect of
concentration of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles (10-100 mg)
and distilled water as the control, was studied on morphology and
reproductive parameters and elemental composition of pepper
plant using pot experiment. Results indicated that spherical-
shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles with sizes less than 100 nm were
obtained, where phenolics were the main chemicals present at the
surface of NPs. Zinc oxide nanoparticles improved the
morphological and reproductive parameters as compared to the
control treatment. Elemental analysis also showed that the zinc
content was significantly increased with increasing concentration
of ZnO nanoparticle as compared to the control. Hence our results
indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles can be utilized as nano
fertilizers to improve morphological and reproductive parameters
and zinc content in plants.

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References
Abu et al. (2020). Nutritional and anti-nutritional evaluation of ten
genotypes of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in a derived
savanna ecology of Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Science and
Technology 13(1): 17-30.

FAO (2017). The Future of Food and Agriculture: Trends and

Challenges. Available online at:
https://reliefweb.int/report/world/future-food-and-
agriculturetrends-andchallenges (accessed December 2, 2022).

Lacerda et al. (2018). Importance of zinc for arabica coffee and its
effects on the chemical composition of raw grain and beverage
quality. Crop Science 58: 1360–1370.

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Biosynthesis and characterization of bismuth nanoparticle using Bredelia

ferruginea bark extract and its antibacterial potential

Adebayo-Tayo, B.C1., Alao, S.O1., Folarin, V.A1., Sanusi, J.F2., Maloma, M3., and
Adebami, G.E3
1Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 2Department of Biological Sciences,
Crescent University, Abeokuta, Nigeria; 3Department of Biological Sciences, Mountain Top University,
Prayer City, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B059 Abstract

Keywords The synthesis and application of bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs)

Bredelia ferruginea have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties
Green synthesis and potential for diverse applications. This study aimed to
BiNPs
synthesize and characterize BiNPs using aqueous extract of
Antibacterial applications
Bredelia ferruginea bark and evaluate their antibacterial efficacy and
Dye degradation
dye reduction potential. The BiNPs were synthesized using the
bark extract and characterized using standard methods. A color
change from red to dark brown indicated the reduction of bismuth
nitrate. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed BiNP formation, showing
absorption peaks at 350 nm with maximum absorbance around
1.0, indicative of surface plasmon resonance. FTIR analysis
revealed 20 absorption peaks, highlighting functional groups
responsible for nanoparticle reduction and stabilization, with
prominent peaks at 1729.52 cm⁻¹ (C=O stretch) and 525.18 cm⁻¹ (C-
S stretch). SEM and TEM images showed spherical BiNPs with
non-uniform distribution and agglomeration, averaging 15.47 nm
in size. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the BiNPs,
corresponding to the face-centered cubic structure of bismuth,
while EDX revealed bismuth as the predominant element
(68.64%). The synthesized BiNPs exhibited significant antibacterial
activity against the test pathogens. The zones of inhibition ranged
from 2.0 - 8.0 mm and 8.0 – 14.0 mm for the aqueous Bredelia
ferruginea bark extract and BiNPs. The minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) values for the BiNPs were 5 µg/mL for most
of the test pathogens. In dye reduction tests, BiNPs facilitated
rapid and efficient degradation of dyes under ambient conditions,
with the color of the solutions gradually changing to off-yellow
and light blackish-brown.
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References
Mahomoodally et al. (2021). Pharmacological potential and
chemical characterization of Bridelia ferruginea Benth.—a native
tropical african medicinal plant. Antibiotics 10: 223.

Njamen et al. (2012). Effect of Bridelia ferruginea (Euphorbiaceae)

leaf extract on sucrose-induced glucose intolerance in rats. Tropical
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 11: 759–765.

Afolayan et al. (2019). Chemical and biological studies on Bridelia

ferruginea grown in Nigeria. Natural Products Research 33: 287–291.

Ngueyem et al. (2009). The genus Bridelia: A phytochemical and

ethnopharmacological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 124:
339–349.

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Antibacterial and dye reduction potential of Calotropis procera bismuth

nanoparticles

Adebayo-Tayo, B.C1., Oduokpaha, G.E2.., Folarin, V.A1., Alao, S.O1., Fashogbon,

R.O3., Ajani, T.F4., and Ogunleye, G.E.
1Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 2Department of Microbiology and
Biotechnology, Dominion University, Ibadan, Nigeria; 3Department of Microbiology, Ajayi Crowther
University, Oyo, Nigeria; 4Department of Microbiology, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Nigeria;
5Department of Microbiology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B060 Abstract

Keywords The development of (BiNPs) using plant extracts has emerged as a

Calotropis procera sustainable and eco-friendly approach, leveraging the unique
Green synthesis properties of BiNPs for various applications, including
BiNPs
environmental remediation and antimicrobial activity. This study
Antibacterial applications
aimed to synthesize and characterize BiNPs using aqueous
Dye degradation
extracts of Calotropis procera leaves and evaluate their antibacterial
efficacy and dye reduction potential. Aqueous extract of
Calotropis procera leaves was used to synthesize BiNPs which was
characterized using standard procedures. The green synthesis of
BiNPs was indicated by a color change from a clear white colour to
milky colour, indicating the reduction of bismuth nitrate. The UV-
Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of BiNPs, with
absorption peaks at the wavelength of 350 nm and a maximum
absorbance of approximately 1.0, indicative of surface plasmon
resonance. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of 26 absorption
peaks indicating the different functional groups responsible for the
reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles, showing
prominent peaks at 1729.52 cm⁻¹ (C=O stretch) and 664.56 cm⁻¹
(fingerprint region) for BiNPs. SEM and TEM showed the
biosynthesized BiNPs had spherical morphologies, non-uniform
distribution, and agglomeration with an average size of 2.90 nm.
XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the BiNPs with
distinct peaks corresponding to the face-centered cubic of bismuth,
while EDX spectroscopy revealed bismuth as the predominant
element for BiNPs (79.52%). The biosynthesized BiNPs exhibited
significant antibacterial activity (2.0 – 8.0 mm) against tested. The
BiNPs demonstrated a significant reduction in dye concentration.

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References
Hou et al. (2021). Conversion and removal strategies for
microplastics in wastewater treatment plants and landfills.
Chemical Engineering Journal 406: 126-715.

Prakash et al. (2022). Green synthesis of bismuth-based

nanoparticles and its applications-A review. Sustainable Chemistry
and Pharmacy 25: 100547.

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Biosynthesis and characterization of Cactus leaf methanol extract silver

and magnetic nanoparticles

Adebayo-Tayo, B.C1., Folarin, V.A1., Dawodu, E.A1., Durojaye, T.O2., Ojo, J.S3., Alao,
S.O1., and Sanusi, J.F4
1Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 2Department of Industrial
Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 3Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology,
Dominion University, Ibadan, Nigeria; 4Department of Biological Sciences, Crescent University,
Abeokuta, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B061 Abstract

Keywords Biosynthesis and characterization of silver and magnetic

Cactus nanoparticles from cactus leaf methanolic extract and its
Green synthesis application in wastewater treatment was investigated. The
AgNPs
biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, TEM,
UV-VIS, FTIR, EDX, XRD and TGA and its bioremediation
potential in wastewater treatment was evaluated. Visible color
change from silver-white to brick red and iron-amber to dark blue
indicated the production of the nanoparticles under sunlight
radiation. Surface plasmon resonance peak of cactus leaves
extracts silver and magnet nanoparticles were 500 nm and 400 nm.
The X-ray diffraction and SEM micrograph shows the crystalline
nature, spherical aggregates and big pockets amorphous particles
for CESNPs and CEMNPs. EDX analyses of CESNPs and CEMNPs
shows silver and ferrous as the most prominent element. The TGA
showed that CESNPs and CEMNPs were thermally stable up till
600°C and 400°C. CESNPs and CEMNPs contain hydroxyl,
carbonyl, ketones and aldehyde, amides and aromatic groups.
Cactus cladodes extracts were able to bio-reduce silver ions to
silver nanoparticles and bio-oxidize ferrous ions to magnetic
nanoparticles. Further research however needs to be carried to
determine the extent of its application in various sectors.

References
Adebayo-Tayo et al. (2022). Biogenic silver and magnetic
nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis B2 bioflocculants: production,
properties and antibacterial potential in dairy wastewater
treatment. Chemistry Africa 5: 1547-1561.

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Agunbiade et al. (2018). Bioflocculant production from

Streptomyces platensis and its potential for river and waste water
treatment. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 49: 731-741.

Mortula, M., and Shabani, S. (2012). Removal of TDS and BOD

from synthetic industrial wastewater via adsorption. In
International Conference of Chemical, Biological & Environmental
Engineering, Singapore.

Nkosinathi et al. (2020). Biosynthesis, characterization, and

application of iron nanoparticles: In dye removal and as
antimicrobial agent. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 231: 1-10.

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Phytosynthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of silver

nanoparticles from Piper guineese leaf and seed methanol extracts

Adebayo-Tayo, B.C1., Folarin, V.A1., Alao, S.O1., Oduokpaha, G.E2., and Ajani, T.F3
1Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 2Department of Microbiology and
Biotechnology, Dominion University, Ibadan, Nigeria; 3Department of Microbiology, Osun State
University, Osogbo, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B062 Abstract

Keywords The study investigates the in-vitro antibacterial activities of greenly

Piper guineese synthesized silver nanoparticles from Piper guineese leaf (PgMLE)
Green synthesis and seed (PgMSE) methanol extracts. The synthesized silver
AgNPs
nanoparticles from leave (PgMLEAgNPs) and seed
Antibacterial activities
(PgMSEAgNPs) extracts were characterized using UV-visible
spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, and TGA, and the in-
vitro antibacterial activity of the extracts and nanoparticles against
test pathogens from gastrointestinal tracts was evaluated. The
PgMLE and PgMSE bio-reduced silver nitrate solution for the
biosynthesis of PgMLEAgNPs and PgMSEAgNPs. The
nanoparticles had the highest Surface plasmon resonance peaks at
500 nm. Functional groups such as alcohols, phenols, alkenes or
alkynes, nitriles, ketones, aldehydes, or esters were identified as
indicative of biomolecules present within PgMLEAgNPs, and
PgMSEAgNPs. PgMLEAgNPs and PgMSEAgNPs were spherical
flakelike and aggregated particles respectively with 15 nm in size,
TEM shows the spherical shape nanoparticles. The nanoparticles
were crystalline in nature and silver had the highest intensity as
shown by XRD and EDX analysis. PgMLEAgNPs and
PgMSEAgNPs exhibited varied antibacterial activity against the
test pathogens. The antibacterial activity ranged from 2.00 to 18.00
mm in which E. coli had the highest susceptibility to
PgMSEAgNPs compared to PgMLEAgNPs. The nanoparticles had
better antibacterial efficacy against the test pathogens compared to
the Piper guineense leaves and seed extracts. In conclusion, Piper
guineense leaf and seed extract nanoparticles had profound
antibacterial activity against bacteria from GIT which makes them
a candidate for biomedical application.

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References
Endah et al. (2022). Phyto-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide
nanoparticles using mango (Mangifera indica) fruit peel extract and
their antibacterial activity. Environment and Earth Sciences 1201:
012081.

Gericke, M., and Pinches. A. (2006). Biological synthesis of metal

nanoparticles. Hydrometallurgy 83: 132-140.

Adebayo-Tayo et al. (2019). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle

using Oscillatoria sp. extract, its antibacterial, antibiofilm potential
and cytotoxicity activity. Heliyon 5: 10-25.

Adebayo-Tayo et al. (2022). In–vitro antibacterial and antifungal

efficacy of greenly fabricated Senna alata leaf extract silver
nanoparticles and silver nanoparticle-cream blend. Periodica
Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 66: 248–260.

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Extraction and characterization of date seed oil and its application in oral
drug delivery of Ibuprofen

Nkeiru. I.P1., Agbo, P.C1., Umar, S.O2., Alfa, J3., Abdulmumin, H4., Ezeodimegwu, A1.,
Nnamani, N.C1., Nnabuike, D5., Kenechukwu, C.F1., and Momoh, A.M1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; 2Department of Medical
Microbiology, Prince Abubakar Aud University, Anyigba, Nigeria; 3Department of Pharmaceutics and
Pharmaceutical Technology, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria; 4Department of Medical Laboratory
Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; 5Department of Pharmaceutics and
Pharmaceutical Technology, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

NANO2024/B063 Abstract

Keywords In this study, ibuprofen loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLM)

Dates seed oil were prepared and characterized. The solid lipid microparticles
Microparticles were prepared from lipid matrix of the binary fusion of goat fat
Homolipid
and bees wax in the ratio 1:3 using the hot homogenization
Ibuprofen
method. The SLMs which were prepared in four batches (A1, A2,
Drug delivery
A3 and ABo) contained 5% w/w of the lipid matrix (solid lipid),
2% of date seed oil (liquid lipid), 5% w/v of PVA, 2% w/v
sorbitol, 3% of Tween 80, and distilled water to make up to 100%
v/v with A1, A2 and A3 containing 100, 200 and 500 mg of
ibuprofen respectively and AB0 had no drug. Parameters such as
particle morphology, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
encapsulation efficiency (EE) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-
IR) were evaluated. The encapsulation efficiency showed that the
formulation had an entrapment efficiency of 75, 91 and 96% for
A1, A2 and A3 respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry
showed that A1, A2 and A3 were more amorphous than PA (pure
ibuprofen sample). The result of the DSC showed that ibuprofen
was properly solubilized in the microparticles as they had lower
melting points compared to the pure ibuprofen sample (PA). The
release study shows that A1 had the highest release with a release
of 77.42%, A3 had a release of 20.81% and A2 has a release of
29.94%. The standard ibuprofen suspension had the lowest release
with a release of 4.93%. Thus, this study has shown that ibuprofen
loaded SLMs can be used as an alternative to the conventional
ibuprofen suspension.

References
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Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat. 8 (2024) 105-278

Akgul et al. (2018). Discovery of novel nonsteroidal anti-

inflammatory drugs and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors hybrids
(NSAIDs–CAIs) for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 61(11): 4961-4977.

Albertini et al. (2019). An investigation into the release behavior of

solid lipid microparticles in different simulated gastrointestinal
fluids. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 173: 276-285.

Alhariri, M., and Omri, A. (2013). Efficacy of liposomal bismuth-

ethanedithiol-loaded tobramycin after intratracheal administration
in rats with pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57(1): 569-578.

Chunxia et al. (2006). Preparation and crystal modification of

ibuprofen-loaded solid lipid microparticles. Chinese Journal of
Chemical Engineering 14(4): 518-525.

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 Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat. 8 (2024) 105-278

Development and characterization of gelatinated-mucin based

microparticles for oral delivery of insulin in diabetes treatment

Agbo, P.C1., Ugwu, C.E2., Amadi, B2., Akpa, P1., Umar, O3., Abdulmumin, H4., Alfa,
J5., Nnamani, N.D6., Okereke, N5., Darlington, Y1., Kenechukwu, F.C1., and Momoh,
M.A1
1Department Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; 2Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; 3Department of Medical
Microbiology, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Ayingba, Nigeria; 4Department of Medical Laboratory
Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; 5Department of Pharmaceutics and
Pharmaceutical Technology, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria; 6Department of Pharmaceutics and
Pharmaceutical Technology, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

NANO2024/B064 Abstract

Keywords Development of an effective oral insulin delivery is still a

Mucin challenge facing research for effective control of Type 1 diabetes.
Microparticles Double emulsion technique was adopted to prepare oral insulin
Gelatin
microparticles (MPs) using gelatin and mucin (MG) at different
Insulin
ratios 0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 denoted as X1 – X5, respectively. The
Diabetes
Biopolymer
MG-MPs were evaluated and characterized by encapsulation
efficacy (EE%), particle sizes and morphology, crystallinity,
sedimentation and re-dispersity of microparticles. In vitro drug
release and in vivo antidiabetic activity were also conducted.
Results showed that EE ranged within 76.46 ± 0.86 to 89.10 ±
0.96%. SEM indicated aggregated and pitted particles with
particle sizes that ranged within 13.47 ± 67.04 to 37.66 ± 0.01 µm.
X4 had the highest sedimentation rate and lowest re-dispersibility.
DSC produced X3 as the best copolymer complex that generated
the highest amorphous state. In vitro study showed a gradual
prolonged insulin release. In vivo oral antidiabetic activity of MG-
MPs was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than the control.
Hence, mucin-gelatinized insulin-loaded microparticles could be a
potential alternative to conventional insulin therapy.

References
Bin et al. (2017). Preparation of poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) and
chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self-assembly for
oral delivery of insulin. Materials Science and Engineering C, 78:
420–428.

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Builders et al. (2008). Preparation and characterization of

mucinated agarose: A mucin-agarose physical crosslink.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics 356: 174–180.

Carino, G.P., and Mathiowitz, E. (1999). Oral insulin delivery.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 35: 249–257.

Depeng et al. (2017). Oral delivery of insulin using CaCO3-based

composite nanocarriers with hyaluronic acid coatings. Material
Letters 188: 263–266.

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 Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat. 8 (2024) 105-278

Development and evaluation of Eudraginated-gelatin based

microparticles: An application in oral insulin delivery for diabetes
treatment

Akpa, P1., Amadi, B2., Ugwu, E.C2., Agbo, P.C1., Nnamani, N.D3., Umar, O4.,
Abdulmumin, H5., Alfa, J6., Okereke, N6., Zakari, D7., Darlington, Y1., Kenechukwu,
F.C1., and Momoh, M.A1
1Department Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; 2Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; 3Department of
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria; 4Department of
Medical Microbiology, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Ayingba, Nigeria; 5Department of Medical
Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; 6Department of Pharmaceutics and
Pharmaceutical Technology, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria; 7Department of Microbiology, Prince
Abubakar Audu University, Ayingba, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

NANO2024/B065 Abstract

Keywords Oral application of insulin remains problematic in pharmaceutical

Eudragit S 100 research. In this work, Eudragit and gelatin were employed in the
Insulin formulation of insulin microparticles (EGel-MPs) for oral delivery
Gelatin
at different ratios Y1= 0:1; Y2 = 1:0; Y3 = 1:1; Y4 = 1:3; and Y5 =
Antidiabetic activity
3:1; using double emulsion technique. EGel-MPs were evaluated
Microparticles
and characterized by encapsulation efficacy (EE), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC). In vitro drug release and in vivo antidiabetics tests in rats
were done. EE ranged within 78.84 ± 0.24 to 89.43 ± 1.13% with Y4
as the highest. SEM indicated spherical shapes and rough surfaces
with pores. Particle sizes ranged within 6.22 ± 3.07 to 18.27 ± 0.02
µm. Y3 depicted the broadest peak and lowest enthalpy indicating
an amorphous state and enhanced drug entrapment to be
sustained over a while. In vitro insulin release showed a
characteristic slow-release pattern that may be attributed to
mucoadhesiveness of microparticles caused by slow hydration,
swelling, and gelling of the particles in the buffer system. In vivo
oral antidiabetic activity was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective
with prolonged duration than the controls. Thus, insulin oral
delivery could be improved and enhanced using copolymers
Eudragit-gelatin microparticles (EGel-MPs).

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References
Drucker (2020). Advances in oral peptide therapeutics. Nature
Reviews Drug Discovery. 19: 277-289.

Ji et al. (2023). Material design for oral insulin delivery. Med X. 1: 7.

Krauland et al. (2004). Oral insulin delivery: the potential of

thiolated chitosan‐insulin tablets on non‐diabetic rats. Journal of
Controlled Release 95: 547-555.

Momoh et al. (2013). Design, characterization and evaluation of

PEGylated-mucin for oral delivery of metformin hydrochloride.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7: 347-355.

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 Nano Plus: Sci. Technol. Nanomat. 8 (2024) 105-278

Zinc oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized using aqueous aerial-leaf extract

of Vachellia sieberiana mitigated hepatic and renal DMH/DSS-induced
oxidative-stress in Wistar rats

Afolabi, O.D1., Ajao, D.O1., Yusuf, K.O1., Akintola, A1., Alabi, T.D2., Oguntibeju,
O.O3., Yekeen, T.A4., and Badmus, J.A1*
1Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso; 2Baze University,
Abuja, Nigeria; 3Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; 4Department of Pure and
Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B066 Abstract

Keywords Colon cancer is the second largest cause of mortality globally.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles Chemical-induced cancer in a particular tissue can affect other
Oxidative stress tissues' defense antioxidant mechanisms. The combinatorial use of
Nanotechnology
medicinal plants and nanotechnology has recently gained
1,2-dimethylhydrazine
significant attention because of low toxicity, providing innovative
Vachellia sieberiana
solutions to mitigate oxidative stress-related damage. This study
investigates the protective effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles
(ZnONPs) synthesized using Vachellia sieberiana aqueous aerial-
leaf extract against oxidative stress induced by 1,2-
dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in
male Wistar rats. Zinc oxide nanoparticles was green-fabricated
using 1 g/ml of aqueous aerial extract of Vachellia sieberiana and
0.1M zinc nitrate hexahydrate solution following standard
method. Male Wistar rats (thirty-five) were randomly divided into
seven groups of five animals each. Group 1 (negative control) un-
exposed group, Group 2 (positive control) was treated with DMH
and DSS only, and Groups 3, 4, and 5 were administered (DMH
+3% DSS) plus 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of ZnONPs respectively.
Group 6 received DMH + 2mg/kg b.w of Doxorubicin while
Group 7 received 400 mg/kg ZnONPs. Treated groups received
daily administration of ZnONPs a week before DMH
administration. DMH (25 mg/kg) was given to the animals
subcutaneously once per week for 5 weeks and 2 cycles of 7 days
each of 3% DSS in drinking water. Animals were allowed access to
food and water ad libitum and sacrificed at the end of the 5th week.
Hepatic and renal reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the
activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-
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transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of

malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. The data were
visualized using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc
test with a significance level set at p<0.05 using GraphPad Prism
Version 9.3.2. Exposure to DMH/DSS significantly reduced
hepatic and renal GSH levels, GPx, and GST activities. ZnONPs
significantly reversed the disrupted levels of renal and hepatic
antioxidant enzymes and molecules occasioned by DMH/DSS
treatment compared with the negative control. DMH/DSS
induced a non-significant increase in hepatic SOD and a reduction
in renal SOD activities compared with the negative control. The
ZnONPs treatment insignificantly reversed both the hepatic and
renal effects of DMH/DSS. Hepatic and renal MDA significantly
increased levels observed in Group 2 compared with Group 1
(Negative control). Remarkably, ZnONPs significantly ameliorated
DMH/DSS-induced MDA increase in a dose-dependent manner.
The ZnONPs could be a plausible agent against chemical-induced
tissue oxidative stress in the colon cancer rat model.

References
Al-darwesh et al. (2024). A review on plant extract mediated green
synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their biomedical
applications. Results in Chemistry 7: 101368.

El-Bahr et al. (2020). Impact of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles on

selected serum biomarkers, lipid peroxidation and tissue gene
expression of antioxidant enzymes and cytokines in Japanese
quail. BMC Veterinary Research 16(1): 349.

Patel et al. (2023). Updated management of colorectal cancer liver

metastases: Scientific advances driving modern therapeutic
innovations. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
16(6): 881–894.

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Roles of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Vachellia sieberiana

aqueous aerial part extract in DMH/DSS-induced colon cancer
inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage

Afolabi, O.D1., Babalola, O.M1., Anthony, P.J1., Odewale, M.J1., Adebayo, E.A2,4.,
Bolarinwa, I.F3,4., Lateef. A2,4., and Badmus, J.A1,4*
1Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso; 2Department of
Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 3Department
of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 4Nanotechnology
Research Group (NANO+), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B067 Abstract

Keywords Plants contain bioactive compounds with remarkable properties

Zinc oxide nanoparticles such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous effects.
Colon cancer The use of nanostructures as carriers of bioactive compounds of
Caspase-3, 8-hydroxyl-2-
medicinal plants is of special interest in biomedicine. This study
deoxyguanosine
was designed to evaluate the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Interleukin-1β
(ZnONPs) fabricated using aqueous aerial-leaf extract of Vachellia
Green synthesis sieberiana on inflammatory (Il-1β and TNF-α) and apoptotic
Vachellia sieberiana biomarkers (Caspase-3) and level of DNA damage (8-hydroxyl-2’-
deoxyguanosine) in the colon of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-
induced male Wistar rats. Zinc oxide nanoparticles was green-
fabricated using Vachellia sieberiana aerial part. Male Wistar rats
(Thirty-five) were divided into seven groups of five animals each.
Group 1 unexposed control was designated as negative control,
Group 2 received 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w) of DMH
subcutaneously once per week + 2 cycles of 3% DSS in their
drinking water (positive control). Groups 3, 4, and 5 received
DMH/ DSS administration and 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w of
ZnONPs respectively. Group 6 received DMH/DSS and 2 mg/kg
b.w of Doxorubicin. Group 7 received 400 mg/kg b.w ZnO NPs.
The rats received DMH subcutaneously once per week for 5 weeks
and 3% DSS in two cycles of 7 days each. The animals were
sacrificed at the end of 6th week and the colons were harvested.
The inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β), apoptotic (Casp-3), and DNA
damage (8-OHdG) biomarkers were analyzed using the ELISA
method. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA
followed by the Post Hoc Tukey test with a level of significance set

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at p<0.05 using GraphPad Prism version 9. The results showed

that DMH/DSS exposure induced a 43.89% increase in colon IL-1β
and an 8.39% increase in TNF-α compared with group 1 (negative
control). The DMH/DSS-induced IL-1β and TNF-α increase was
significantly reversed by the treatments with different
concentrations of the ZnONPs with the highest treatment (group
5) recording a 27.22% decrease in IL-1β and a 16.27% decrease in
TNF-α. In addition, DMH/DSS induced 12.42% and 18.94%
increases in caspase-3 and 8-OHdG levels respectively compared
with Group 1 (negative control). The treatment with the
nanoparticles significantly lowered the levels of caspase-3 and 8-
OHdG compared with Group 2. The reduction of 8-OHdG
followed a concentration-dependent manner while significant
caspase-3 reduction was observed only in group 5 (15.92%). This
study demonstrated that ZnONPs can mitigate inflammation,
apoptosis, and DNA damage in chemical-induced colorectal
cancer. It further provides preliminary guidance for possible colon
cancer therapy using ZnONPs.

References
Liu et al. (2020). Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from
Vernonia amygdalina shows anti-inflammatory and
antinociceptive activities in a mouse model. Artificial Cells,
Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 48: 1068–1078.

Sameri et al. (2024). Zinc oxide nanoparticles ameliorate

histological alterations through apoptotic gene regulation in a rat
model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Reports of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, 12(4): 619.

Nandhini et al. (2023). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles

using Moringa oleifera and Aloe vera for enhanced anticancer
activity against colon cancer cells. Applied Nanoscience 13(2): 605–
616.

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In vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic of titanium

dioxide nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous aerial parts extract of
Vachellia sieberiana

Badmus, J.A1*., Azeez, M.A2., Adedosu, O.T1., Oladipo, I.C3., Alabi, T.D4., Abimbola,
A1., Asimolowo, F1., and Abisona, A1
1Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso; 2Department of
Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 3Department
of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 4
Department of Biochemistry, Baze University, Abuja Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B068 Abstract

Keywords The synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) using plant-

Titanium dioxide based extracts for bio-medicinal applications is emerging because
Antioxidant of its eco-friendliness and sustainable approach. This study
Anti-diabetic
explores the nanoparticles’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid
Green synthesis
peroxidation inhibitory, and anti-diabetic. Titanium dioxide
Vachellia sieberiana
nanoparticles (Vs-TiO₂NPs) were synthesized using aqueous
aerial-leaf extract of Vachellia sieberiana (0.1g/ml) and 1 mM
titanium dioxide. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized
TiO₂NPs was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical
scavenging model. The inhibition of protein denaturation and
proteinase activity for anti-inflammatory potential were assessed.
Lipid peroxidation inhibition was measured using the
thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. While the
in-vitro anti-diabetic ability was evaluated using α-amylase
inhibition. The IC50 values of the activities were estimated with
regression curve analysis using Prism version 9 software. The
nanoparticles scavenged DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical(·OH)
in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 9.86 µg/ml, 116.6
µg/ml, and 265.2 µg/ml respectively, compared to the standard
(ascorbic acid) with IC50 of 202.6 µg/ml (DPPH) and gallic acid
with IC50 of 25.75 µg/ml (·OH). The IC50 values of the
nanoparticles for protein denaturation and proteinase inhibition
are 154.6 µg/ml and 94.73 µg/ml respectively. The nanoparticles
displayed strong lipid peroxidation inhibition with IC50 of 188.4
µg/ml showing 62% inhibition at 476 µg/ml. Furthermore, Vs-
TiO₂NPs effectively inhibited α-amylase activity, indicating anti-

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diabetic potential with an IC50 value of 30.52 µg/ml and

exhibiting 61% inhibition at 200 µg/ml. This finding indicates that
bio-fabricated TiO₂NPs hold significant potential as
multifunctional therapeutic agents capable of managing
inflammation and oxidative stress-related conditions. The
nanoparticles' antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may be
related to their anti-diabetic potential.

References
Aguda, O. N., and Lateef, A. (2022). Valorization of Parkia biglobosa
wastewater for novel biofabrication of Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles with
potent action against MDR strains and nanotextile application.
Inorganic Chemistry Communications 140: 109427.

Badmus et al. (2020). Photo-assisted bio-fabrication of silver

nanoparticles using Annona muricata leaf extract: exploring the
antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities.
Heliyon 6: e05413.

Bharathy et al. (2021). Comparison of anti-inflammatory activities

of biogenic Gymnema sylvestre- and Panicum sumatrense-mediated
titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Biomedical and Biotechnology
Research Journal 5(4): 405–411.

Dobrucka, R. (2017). Synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

using Echinacea purpurea Herba. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical
Research 16(2): 756-762.

Helmy et al. (2021). Novel green synthesis of S-doped TiO₂

nanoparticles using Malva parviflora plant extract and their
photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities under
sunlight illumination. Chemosphere 271: 129524.

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Exploring the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic potential

of zinc oxide nanoparticles bio-fabricated using Vachellia sieberiana
aqueous aerial parts extract

Abimbola, A1., Ibidoja, E1., Ojo, H1., Adesokun, J1., Yekeen, TA2., Adebayo, E.A2.,
Lateef, A2., Olamoyegun, M.A3., and Badmus, J.A1*
1Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso; 2Department of
Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 3Department
of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B069 Abstract

Keywords Vachellia sieberiana, known for its medicinal properties, provides

Zinc oxide nanoparticles bioactive compounds to facilitate nanoparticle formation and
Antioxidant potentiate its therapeutic efficacy. This study evaluated the
Anti-diabetic
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and
Green synthesis
anti-diabetic potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Vachellia
Vachellia sieberiana
sieberiana aqueous aerial-leaf extract. Zinc oxide nanoparticles
(ZnONPs) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Vachellia
sieberiana (0.1g/ml) as a reducing agent and 0.1M zinc nitrate
hexahydrate solution. The bio-medicinal potential of ZnONPs was
assessed through DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging
activities. Inhibition of protein denaturation was used as a marker
of anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the inhibition of
Fe²⁺ induced lipid peroxidation in egg yolk homogenate, and the
anti-diabetic potential of the synthesized ZnONPs were assessed
using α-amylase inhibition. The UV-visible spectra confirmed the
successful synthesis of ZnONPs, with characteristic absorption
peaks of 370 nm. The ZnONPs exhibited strong DPPH, ABTS, and
hydroxyl radical inhibitions with IC50 values of 9.37, 222.4, and
187.5 μg/mL respectively. The lipid peroxidation inhibitory
activity IC50 value of the nanoparticles showed 225.5 μg/mL. The
nanoparticles inhibited Protein denaturation in a dose-dependent
concentration with an IC50 value of 54.56 μg/mL. ZnONPs also
displayed significant α-amylase inhibition with an IC50 value of
31.08 μg/ml. The strong in-vitro anti-diabetic effect displayed by
the nanoparticles may not be unconnected with its compelling
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study projects
ZnONPs as a plausible alternative to synthetic substances for
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antioxidants, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory uses in the

biomedical and pharmaceutical industries.

References
Aguda, O. N., and Lateef, A. (2022). Valorization of Parkia biglobosa
wastewater for novel biofabrication of Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles with
potent action against MDR strains and nanotextile application.
Inorganic Chemistry Communications 140: 109427.

Badmus et al. (2020). Photo-assisted bio-fabrication of silver

nanoparticles using Annona muricata leaf extract: exploring the
antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities.
Heliyon 6: e05413.

Barzinjy, A., and Azeez, H. (2020). Green synthesis and

characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus
globulus Labill. Leaf extract and zinc nitrate hexahydrate salt. SN
Applied Sciences 2: 991.

More et al. (2021). Metabolomic profiling of antioxidant

compounds in five Vachellia species. Molecules 26(20): 6214.

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Evaluation of the chicken feather-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles

fortified fish meal on the growth and haematological profile of juvenile
Clarias gariepinus

Adetutu, F.A1., Yekeen, T.A1,2*., Azeez, M.A1,2., Lateef, A1,2., Badmus, J.A2,3., Oladipo,
I.C2,4., Adebayo, E.A1,2., Olamoyegun M.A2,5., Alaba, T.J1., Oyewole, A.D1., and
Olusegun, R.T1.
1Department of Pure and Applied Biology, 2Nanotechnology Research Group (NANO+), 3Department of
Biochemistry, 4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, 5Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke
Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B070 Abstract

Keywords Nanotechnology, an emerging scientific field has demonstrated its

Zinc oxide nanoparticles value in various sectors, including aquaculture, by providing
Green synthesis innovative solutions to improve fish health and productivity. This
Fish feed
study aimed to explore the potential of chicken feather-mediated
Growth
zinc oxide nanoparticles (CFE-ZnO-NPs) as a fish meal fortifying
Haematology
Clarias gariepinus agent to enhance the growth performance and healthy condition of
juvenile Clarias gariepinus. The chicken feather extract (CFE) was
prepared by hydrolyzed 1 g of feather in 100 ml of 0.1M NaOH at
90 °C for 1 hour, cooled and then centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30
minutes. It was filtered using Whatman filter paper, and stored at
4 °C. The CFE-ZnO-NPs was synthesized by mixing 100 ml of zinc
nitrate solution with 15 ml of feather extract at 60 °C, with the pH
adjusted from 6.0 to 12.0 by 1M NaOH. The white precipitate
formed was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 minutes, dried at 150
°C to form pellets designated CFE-ZnO-NPs. It was characterized
using UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR). Juvenile C. gariepinus (125) were procured,
acclimatized for two weeks, and divided into 5 groups of 25 each.
The group from 1 to 3 were fed with meal fortified 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0
g/kg bw of CFE-ZnO-NPs, while group 4 and 5 were fed Fish
meal without CFE-ZnO-NPs and standard fish meal designated
negative and positive controls, respectively. Fish in each of the
groups were fed 2.5% of their body weight twice a day while
water was changed at every 24 h for 56 days. Growth parameters
(length and weight) were measured at every 2 weeks.
Haematological parameters; packed cell volume (PCV), red blood
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cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC),
mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), and
mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured on
Days 14, 28, 42, and 56. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS
27 with ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range test done at
p<0.05. The white cloudy precipitate indicated the formation of
CFE-ZnO-NPs with the absorption value of 371.5 nm. The FTIR
peaks of 3394.50, 1500.18, 1387.75, 1045, 832.19, 706.24 cm-1
correspond to O-H, C=C and N–H, C–O, C–O, C-H and C-H
stretch were obtained, indicating protein as major macromolecule
serving as reducing and capping agent. Fish growth results
showed that the positive control group had the highest weight
gain which was consistent throughout the period of evaluation
compared to CFE-ZnO-NP treated fish groups. Fish treated with
0.25 g/kg manifested higher weight values compared to negative
control, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg bw (p>0.05). The weight gain of 9.35g
and 89.54g were respectively obtained for fish treated with
0.25g/kg CFE-ZnO-NPs and Standard meal. However, the cost
equivalent for 15kg meal of CFE-ZnO-NPs was half of the cost for
the standard meal. Haematological profile (PCV, RBC, Hb, WBC,
MCV. MCH and MCHC) showed variations within the treatments
and across the days of evaluation with the values of RBC and Hb
obtained for fish treated with standard meal significantly different
at day 28 (p<0.05). Biogenic CFE-ZnO-NPs fortified fish meal at
0.25g/kg bw resulted in weight gain of 9.35g, suggesting the
usefulness of CFE-ZnO-NPs for improvement of growth and yield
of fish. With further modification, this technique could assist in
sustainable aquaculture production, supporting growth at low
dosage without any observable effect on haematological profiles.

References
Yekeen et al. (2013) Evaluation of toxic effects of
lambdacyhalothrin on the haematology and selected biochemical
parameters of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Zoology and Ecology
(23(1): 45-52.

Omosanya et al. (2021). Applications and benefits of dietary

nanoparticles in aquaculture: a review. Nano Plus: Science and
Technology of Nanomaterials 2(1): 13

Chemek et al. (2023) Improving dietary zinc bioavailability using

new food fortification approaches: a promising tool to boost
immunity in the light of COVID-19. Biology 12: 514.

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Development of green synthesized calcium nanoparticles coatings as

preservative for tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), peppers (Capsicum
chinense) and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

Olasupo, O.O1*., Bolarinwa I.F1., and Azeez, M.A2

1Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria;
2Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B071 Abstract

Keywords Fresh vegetables are less commonly preserved in Nigeria due to

Vegetables unavailability of appropriate technology, leading to high
Green CaNPs postharvest losses, high cost and limited access to micronutrients.
Nanocoating
This study was designed to evaluate the preservative potentials of
Preservative agent
green synthesize calcium nanoparticle (CaNPs) coatings on the
Shelf-life
Keeping quality
physical, chemical and microbial composition of pepper, tomatoes
and potatoes. Orange peel extract was used to synthesize green
calcium nanoparticles (CaNPs), which was later characterized
using UV-vis spectroscopy and Transmission Electron microscopy
methods. The synthesized CaNPs was used to coat fresh tomatoes,
peppers and potatoes through soaking methods for 1 minute. The
fresh vegetables were preserved and later evaluated for weight
loss, changes in parameters such as colour, texture, firmness,
microbial contamination and chemical composition. Data obtained
were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant
means separated at p ≤ 0.05 level of probability. The results of this
study showed that coating of tomatoes, peppers and potatoes with
green synthesized calcium nanoparticles had no significant effects
on the colour change, weight loss, firmness and chemical
composition of treated and untreated samples. The shelf-life of the
tomatoes and peppers were extended for 28 days while that of
potatoes were extended for 35 days. Therefore, valorisation of
orange peel bioactive for the synthesis of green calcium
nanoparticles used for fresh vegetable coating offers a promising
solution for increasing the shelf life of produce, reducing food
waste, and contributing to the sustainability of the food industry..

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References
Ijaz et al. (2020). Detail review on chemical, physical and green
synthesis, classification, characterizations and applications of
nanoparticles. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 13(3): 223–245.

Rai et al. (2019). Smart nanopackaging for the enhancement of food

shelf life. Environmental Chemistry Letters 17: 277 – 290.

Suhag et al. (2022). Fruit peel bioactives, valorisation into

nanoparticles and potential applications: A review. Critical Reviews
in Food Science and Nutrition 63(24): 6757-6776.

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Development of nanotechnology-based sensors for monitoring

environmental pollutants and their potential impact on biodiversity
conservation

Akinsowon, A.J*., and Ikokide, S.Y.

Department of Biology and Integrated Science, Emmanuel Alayande University of Education, Oyo,
Nigeria.

*E-mail: [email protected]
NANO2024/B072 Abstract

Keywords Species of organisms are under the threat of environmental

Pollutants pollutants despite the health status displayed by those that served
Bioindicator as bioindicators in ecosystem. Pollutants are from many sources as
Biosensors
a result of industrial and agricultural revolution. Call for
Nanotechnology
appropriate monitoring systems are required to put at bay terrible
Biodiversity
damage from pollution fall out. Bioindicator health status
dependent signal to harmful effects of pollutants discharged into
environment is not enough and may not be enough to predict
healthy state of the environment. There is therefore need to design
nanotechnology-based sensors for monitoring and detection of
pollutants’ presence, level and harmful effects in ecosystem.
Technological advancement of nanobiosensors in comparison to
conventional biosensors is owing to their nanomaterials’ flexibility
with advance novelty in development of nanobiosensor. So,
depending on nanomaterials’ properties, nanotubes, nanoparticles,
nanorods, nanowires, nanostructured hydrogel, dendrimer and
polymer nanocomposites may be adapted to design biosensor
devices which can interact with biomolecules mediated by isolated
enzymes, immune systems, tissues or all cells to detect chemical
components in form of electrical, thermal or optical owing to their
improve sensitivity and performance. There are many metallic
nanoparticles but gold nanoparticle is one of the suitable
candidates to design nanobiosensors to detect and monitor
pollutants levels of diverse organisms. This is owing to AuNPs’
ability to capture analyte molecules because its electrical/optical
possessions are used to intensify signals which are relative to the
analyte concentration. Precisely, transduction of bio-chemical
signals into measurable electrical signals is easy. Aside that,
AuNPs has biocompatibility, unique opto-electronic possessions,
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easy fabrication and modification approach. AuNPs biosensor is

relatively simple in design, development and has low-cost
detection capabilities. In conclusion, better selection and
interconnectedness of appropriate gold nanomaterials and
transducers could offer better efficient AuNPs-based biosensors as
the later has the capacity of converting biological signals from
AuNPs-based biosensor into digital signals for further
interpretation and analysis. Development of this handy
instrument of multi-tasking capability is inexpensive, safer and
non-toxic and could offer a lot in biodiversity conservation
programs.

References
Jain et al. (2010). Exploring Biodiversity as Biological Indicators for
Aquatic Pollution National Conference on Biodiversity,
Development and Poverty Alleviation; Uttar Pradesh. Uttar
Pradesh State Biodiversity Board, Lucknow, India.

Zaghloul et al. (2020). Biological indicators for pollution detection

in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Bulletin of the National
Research Centre 44: 127.

Banerjee et al. (2021). Nanotechnology for biosensors: A review.

arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.02430.

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APPRECIATION
The LOC, on behalf of NANO+ expresses her sincere appreciation and gratitude to the Honourable
Minister of Innovation, Science and Technology, Chief Uche G. Nnaji, Permanent Secretary, Federal
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Abuja Vice-Chancellor, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Prof.
R.O.R. Kalilu, other Principal officers of LAUTECH, Provosts of Colleges, Deans of Faculties and
Postgraduate School, eminent Professors, Directors, Heads of Departments, invited lecturers,
distinguished scholars, members of the armed forces of Nigeria, international and local collaborators,
generous donors, invited guests, captains of industries, participants, students, gentlemen of the press,
well-wishers and the entire NANO+ family for their various supports towards the successful organization
of LAUTECH NANO 2024. Indeed, we value your contributions.

Thank you.

Prof. M.A. Azeez

Chairman, LOC

The generous donations and assistance of the following individuals, outfits and
institutions towards the successful organization of the 8th international
workshop/conference on nanotechnology (LAUTECH NANO 2024) are duly
acknowledged and gratefully appreciated:

1. Federal Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology, Abuja

2. LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
3. National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA)
4. Prof. Razaq O. Rom Kalilu
5. Dr. Halilu A. Shaba
6. LUBCON International
7. Winelight Analytical Systems Limited
8. The Guardian Newspaper
9. The Business Day Newspaper
10. Daily Trust Newspapers
11. The Conversation-Africa

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