1. Preface — Why is indexing a development task?
1. Anatomy of an Index — What does an index look like?
1. The Leaf Nodes — A doubly linked list
2. The B-Tree — It’s a balanced tree
3. Slow Indexes, Part I — Two ingredients make the index
slow
2. The Where Clause — Indexing to improve search performance
1. The Equals Operator — Exact key lookup
1. Primary Keys — Verifying index usage
2. Concatenated Keys — Multi-column indexes
3. Slow Indexes, Part II — The first ingredient,
revisited
2. Functions — Using functions in the where clause
1. Case-Insensitive Search — UPPER and LOWER
2. User-Defined Functions — Limitations of function-
based indexes
3. Over-Indexing — Avoid redundancy
3. Bind Variables — For security and performance
4. Searching for Ranges — Beyond equality
1. Greater, Less and BETWEEN — The column order
revisited
2. Indexing SQL LIKE Filters — LIKE is not for full-text
search
3. Index Combine — Why not using one index for
every column?
5. Partial Indexes — Indexing selected rows
6. NULL in the Oracle Database — An important curiosity
1. NULL in Indexes — Every index is a partial index
2. NOT NULL Constraints — affect index usage
3. Emulating Partial Indexes — using function-based
indexing
7. Obfuscated Conditions — Common anti-patterns
1. Dates — Pay special attention to DATE types
2. Numeric Strings — Don’t mix types
3. Combining Columns — use redundant where clauses
4. Smart Logic — The smartest way to make SQL slow
5. Math — Databases don’t solve equations
3. Testing and Scalability — About hardware
1. Data Volume — Sloppy indexing bites back
2. System Load — Production load affects response time
3. Response Time and Throughput — Horizontal scalability
4. The Join Operation — Not slow, if done right
1. Nested Loops — About the N+1 selects problem in ORM
2. Hash Join — Requires an entirely different indexing
approach
3. Sort-Merge Join — Like a zipper on two sorted sets
5. Clustering Data — To reduce IO
1. Index Filter Predicates Intentionally Used — to tune LIKE
2. Index-Only Scan — Avoiding table access
3. Index-Organized Table — Clustered indexes without
tables
6. Sorting and Grouping — Pipelined order by: the third power
1. Indexed Order By — where clause interactions
2. ASC/DESC and NULL FIRST/LAST — changing index order
3. Indexed Group By — Pipelining group by
7. Partial Results — Paging efficiently
1. Selecting Top-N Rows — if you need the first few rows
only
2. Fetching The Next Page — The offset and seek methods
compared
3. Window-Functions — Pagination using analytic queries
8. Insert, Delete and Update — Indexing impacts on DML
statements
1. Insert — cannot take direct benefit from indexes
2. Delete — uses indexes for the where clause
3. Update — does not affect all indexes of the table
SQL OPTIMAZTION
1. Time Extract
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM tbl
WHERE EXTRACT(YEAR FROM date_column) = 2017
Meaning extract field
Year YEAR
Month MONTH
Day of month DAY
24 hour HOUR
Minute MINUTE
Seconds (including fractions) SECOND
Time zone hour TIMEZONE_HOUR
Time zone minute TIMEZONE_MINUTE
**WHERE some_date >= DATE'2016-01-01'
AND some_date < DATE'2017-01-01'
2. Concatenated Indexes
Menggabungkan 2 field menjadi sebuah index
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX employees_pk
ON employees (employee_id, subsidiary_id)
3. ….
