PRELIMINARY SALT ANALYSIS

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Colour of the Salt a) Blue a) Maybe Cu2+
b) Light Pink b) Maybe Mn2+
c) Reddish Brown c) Maybe Fe3+
d) Bright Green d) Maybe Ni2+
e) Blue, Red, Violet,Pink e) Maybe Co2+
f) No characteristic colour f) Absence of Cu2+ , Mn2+,
Fe3+ , Ni2+, Co2+ .
+
2 Smell of the Salt a) Pungent Smell a) Presence of NH4
b) Vinegar Smell b) Presence of CH3COO-
+
c) No characteristic c) Absence of NH4 or
Smell CH3COO-
3 Nature of the Salt a) Amorphous Salt a) Carbonate Salt
(Talcum Powder)
b) Crystalline Salt b) Hydrated Salt
2-
4 Solubility a) Soluble in H2O a) Absence of CO3 2-
b) Insoluble in H2O b) Presence of CO3
5 Flame Test a) Brick-Red Flame a) Presence of Ca2+
(Salt + Conc. HCl (Orange-Red)
paste introduced to b) Crimson Red Flame b) Presence of Sr2+
flame) (Pink-Red)
c) Apple Green Flame c) Presence of Ba2+
d) Blue Flame (With d) Presence of Cu2+
Blue centre)
e) No characteristic e) Absence of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+,
Flame Cu2+ .
6 Ash Test a) Green Ash a) Presence of Zn2+
(Salt+ Co(NO3)2 b) Blue Ash b) Presence of Al3+
solution is taken in c) Pink Ash c) Presence of Mg2+
a watch-glass and a d) No characteristic Ash d) Absence of Zn2+, Al3+, Mg2+.
filter paper is
dipped into it and
heated)
7 Action of Heat a) White Sublimate a) Maybe NH4+
b) Salt turning yellowon b) Maybe Zn2+
(Salt taken in a dry heating and whitewhen
test tube and removed from flame. c) Maybe Pb2+
heated) c) Reddish Brown when
hot, yellow when cold. d) Maybe Cu2+
d) Turns White (from e) Maybe Co2+
Blue) f) Absence of Mg2+, Zn2+, Pb2+,
e) Turns Blue (from Cu2+, Co2+.
Pink)
f) No characteristic
colour change
2-
8 Dilute Acid Test a) Brisk Effervescence a) Presence of CO32-
(Salt + Dil. HCl) b) No reaction b) Absence of CO3
9 Concentrated Acid a) Brown fumes a) Maybe Br-
Test (without heating) b) Maybe Cl-
(Salt + Conc. H2SO4) b) Pungent Smell (on c) Maybe CH3COO-
heating) d) Maybe No3-
c) Vinegar like smell (on e) Absence of Br-, Cl- , CH3COO-,
heating) No3 - .
d) Reddish-Brown
fumes (on heating)
e) No reaction
10 MnO2 Test a) Greenish-Yellow a) Presence of Cl-
(Salt + Conc. H2SO4 + fumes and turns b) Absence of Cl-
MnO2 and heat the starch iodine
solution) paper blue.
b) No reaction
-
11 Cu Turnings Test a) Brown fumes a) Presence of NO3-
(Salt + Conc. H2SO4 b) No reaction b) Absence of NO3
+ Cu Turnings and
heat the solution)
12 FeCl3 Test a) Blood Red Colour a) Presence of CH3COO-
(Salt + FeCl3) b) No reaction b) Absence of CH3COO-
2-
13 No reaction group a) White Precipitate a) Presence of SO42-
-
(BaCl2 Test) b) No reaction b) Absence of SO 4
 CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR ANIONS

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

-
1 Nitrate: Brown Ring Presence of NO3
Salt + FeSO4 sol. (Take
the FeSO4 in another
test tube and make
solution) +
Conc. H2SO4
2 Bromide: Pale Yellow Precipitate Presence of Br-
Salt + AgNO3
3 Chloride: White Precipitate Presence of Cl-
Salt + AgNO3
4 Acetate: Blood Red Colour Presence of CH3COO-
Salt + FeCl3 sol.
2-
5 Sulphate: White Precipitate Presence of SO4
Salt+Pb(CH3COO-)2

(Lead Acetate)
2-
6 Carbonate: White Precipitate Presence of CO3
Salt + MgSO4 sol.
 CATION ANALYSIS

OS – Original Solution.
a) For water soluble salts, OS = Salt + H2O
b) For water insoluble salts, OS = Salt + Dil. HCl or HNO3

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

+
1 Group Zero Reddish Brown Presence of NH4
OS + Nessler’s Precipitate
Reagent + NaOH
2 Group I White Precipitate Presence of Pb2+
OS + Dil. HCl (Pb2+ + 2Cl-  PbCl2)
3 Group II Black Precipitate Presence of Pb2+/Cu2+
OS + Dil. HCl + H2S (Cu2+ + S2- CuS)
4 Group III a) White Precipitate a) Presence of Al3+
OS + NH4Cl (salt in b) Brown Precipitate b) Presence of Fe3+
excess) + NH4OH
5 Group IV a) White Precipitate a) Presence of Zn2+
OS + NH4Cl (salt in b) Black Precipitate b) Presence of
excess) + NH4OH + c) Buff Precipitate Ni2+/Co2+
H2S c) Presence of Mn2+
6 Group V White Precipitate Presence of
OS + NH4Cl (salt in Ca2+/Sr2+/Ba2+
excess) + NH4OH +
(NH4)2CO3
7 Group VI White, Crystalline Presence of Mg2+
OS + NH4Cl (salt in Precipitate
excess) + NH4OH +
C2H5OH + Na2HPO4
(Disodium Hydrogen
Phosphate)
 CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR CATIONS

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

+
1 Group Zero Presence of NH4
+
NH4 Reddish Brown
OS + Nessler’s Precipitate
Reagent + NaOH
2 Group I Presence of Pb2+
Pb2+ Yellow Precipitate
OS + KI
3 Group II
a) Pb2+ a) Yellow Precipitate a) Presence of Pb2+
OS + KI
b) Cu2+ b) Chocolate Brown b) Presence of Cu2+
OS + K4[Fe(CN)6] Precipitate
4 Group III
a) Al3+ a) White Precipitate a) Presence of Al3+
OS + NaOH
b)Fe3+ b) Prussian Blue Colour b) Presence of Fe3+
OS + K4[Fe(CN)6]
5 Group IV
a) Zn2+ a) Blue-ish Green a) Presence of Zn2+
OS + K4[Fe(CN)6] Colour
b) Ni2+ b) Presence of Ni2+
OS + DMG b) Rosy Red Colour
(Dimethylglyoxime)
c) Co2+ c) Blue Colour c) Presence of Co2+
OS + NaOH
d) Mn2+ d) Brown Colour d) Presence of Mn2+
OS + NaOH
6 Group V
a) Ca2+ a) White Precipitate a) Presence of Ca2+
OS + (NH4)2C2O4
(Ammonium
Oxalate)
b) Sr2+ b) White b) Presence of Sr2+
OS + CH3COOH +
(NH4)2SO4 Precipitatec)
c) Ba2+ i) Yellow Precipitate c) Presence of Ba2+
i) OS + K2CrO4 ii) White Precipitate
ii) OS + Dil. H2SO4
7 Group VI
Mg2+ Blue Precipitate Presence of Mg2+
OS + Magnesson
Reagent + NaOH