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MELC Science 7-10 - Most Essential Learning Competencies

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Science, Technology and Society (University of Manila)

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MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
Science 7
Science 8
Science 9

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Grade Level: Grade 7

Subject: Science

Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration
K to 12 CG Code
The learners demonstrate The learners should be
understanding of... able to...
1st scientific ways of acquiring perform in groups in Week 1
knowledge and solving guided investigations
Describe the components of a scientific
problems involving community- S7MT-Ia-1
investigation
based problems using
locally available materials
classifying substances as make a chart, poster, or Week 2-3
elements or compounds multimedia presentation
Recognize that substances are classified
of common elements S7MT-Ig-h-5
into elements and compounds
showing their names,
symbols, and uses
the properties of substances investigate the properties Week 4-5
that distinguish them from of mixtures of varying Distinguish mixtures from substances
S7MT-Ie-f-4
mixtures concentrations using based on a set of properties
available materials in the

community for specific

purposes
some important properties prepare different Investigate properties of unsaturated or Week 6
S7MT-Ic-2
of solutions concentrations of saturated solutions
mixtures according to Express concentrations of solutions Week 7
uses and availability of quantitatively by preparing different S7MT-Id-3
materials concentrations of mixtures according to

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uses and availability of materials

2nd the parts and functions of employ appropriate Identify parts of the microscope and their Week 1 S7LT-IIa-1
the compound microscope techniques using the functions
compound microscope to Focus specimens using the compound Week 2 S7LT-IIb-2
gather data about very microscope
the different levels of small objects Describe the different levels of biological Week 3 S7LT-IIc-3
biological organization organization from cell to biosphere
the difference between Differentiate plant and animal cells Week 4 S7LT-IIc-3
animal and plant cells according to presence or absence of
certain organelles
Explain why the cell is considered the Week 4 S7LT-IIe-5
basic structural and functional unit of all
organisms
reproduction being both Differentiate asexual from sexual Week 5 S7LT-IIg-7
asexual or sexual reproduction in terms of:
1 Number of individuals involved;
2 Similarities of offspring to parents
organisms interacting with Differentiate biotic from abiotic Week 6 S7LT-IIh-9
each other and with their components of an ecosystem
environment to survive Describe the different ecological Week 6 S7LT-IIh-10
relationships found in an ecosystem
Predict the effect of changes in abiotic Week 7 S7LT-IIj-12
factors on the ecosystem
3rd motion in one dimension conduct a forum on Describe the motion of an object in terms Week 1-2 S7FE-IIIa-1
mitigation and disaster of distance or displacement, speed or
risk reduction velocity, and acceleration

Create and interpret visual representation Week 3 S7FE-IIIb-3

of the motion of objects such as tape

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charts and motion graphs

waves as a carriers of Infer that waves carry energy Week 4 S7LT-IIIc-4
energy

Describe the characteristics of sound using Week 4 S7LT-IIId-7

the concepts of wavelength, velocity, and
amplitude
the characteristics of light suggest proper lighting in Explain color and intensity of light in terms Week 5
various activities of its wave characteristics
how heat is transferred Week 6 S7LT-IIIh-i-12
Infer the conditions necessary for heat
transfer to occur

charges and the different Describe the different types of charging Week 7 S7LT-IIIj-13
charging processes processes
4th the relation of geographical analyze the advantage of Demonstrate how places on Earth may be Week 1 S7ES-IVa-1
location of the Philippines the location of the located using a coordinate system
to its environment Philippines in relation to Cite and explain ways of using Earth’s Week 2
the climate, weather, and resources sustainably
the different phenomena seasons Discuss how energy from the Sun Week 3 S7ES-IVd-5
that occur in the interacts with the layers of the
atmosphere atmosphere
Account for the occurrence of land and Week 3 S7ES-IVf-7
sea breezes, monsoons, and intertropical
convergence zone (ITCZ)
the relationship of the Using models, relate: Week 4-5 S7ES-IVh-9
seasons and the position of 1
the Sun in the sky the length of daytime
2
the amount of energy
received

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in its orbit to the height of the
Sun in the sky
4
the sky to the amount of
energy received
5 the latitude of an area to the amount
of energy the area receives
6 tilt of the Earth and the seasons

the occurrence of eclipses Explain how solar and lunar eclipses occur Week 6
using models

Grade Level: Grade 8

Subject: Science

Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard K to 12 CG Code

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration

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The learners demonstrate The learners should be

understanding of... able to...
1st Newton’s three laws of develop a written plan Investigate the relationship between the Week 1 S8FE-Ia-15
motion and implement a amount of force applied and the mass of
“Newton’s Olympics” the object to the amount of change in
the object’s motion
Week 2 S8FE-Ia-16

Infer that when a body exerts a force on

another, an equal amount of force is
exerted back on it

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21

work using constant force, Identify and explain the factors that affect Week 2-3
power, gravitational potential potential and kinetic energy
energy, kinetic energy, and
elastic potential energy

the propagation of sound Investigates the effect of temperature to Week 4

through solid, liquid, and gas the speed of sound
some properties and discuss phenomena such Week 4 S8FE-If-27
characteristics of visible as blue sky, rainbow, and
light red sunset using the Explain the hierarchy of colors in relation
concept of wavelength to the energy of visible light
and frequency of visible
light
heat and temperature, and Week 4 S8FE-Ig-29
Differentiate between heat and
the effects of heat on the
temperature at the molecular level
body
current- voltage-resistance Infer the relationship between current Week 5-6
relationship, electric power, and voltage
electric energy, and home Explain the advantages and disadvantages Week 7 S8FE-li-31
circuitry of series and parallel connections in
homes
Explain the functions of circuit breakers, Week 7 S8FE-li-33
fuses, earthing, double insulation, and
other safety devices in the home
2nd the relationship between 1. participate in decision Using models or illustrations, explain how Week 1 S8ES-IIa-14
faults and earthquakes making on where to movements along faults generate

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build structures based on earthquakes

knowledge of the Differentiate the Week 1-2 S8ES-IIa-15
location of active faults 1 epicenter of an earthquake from its
in the community focus;

2. make an emergency 2 intensity of an earthquake from its

plan and prepare an magnitude;
emergency kit for use at 3 active and inactive faults
home and in school Explain how earthquake waves provide Week 3 S8ES-IIc-17
information about the interior of the
earth
the formation of typhoons 1. Explain how typhoon develops and how it Week 4-5
and their movement within before, during,
is affected byand after a typhoon,
landmasses including
and bodies of
the PAR following
water advisories, storm signals, and calls for
evacuation given by government agencies in Week 5 S8ES-IIf-21
charge

2.
risks brought by typhoons

Trace the path of typhoons that enter the

Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)
using a map and tracking data

characteristics of comets, discuss whether or not Week 6 S8ES-IIg-22

Compare and contrast comets, meteors,
meteors, and asteroids beliefs and practices
and asteroids
about comets and

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meteors have scientific

basis
3rd the particle nature of matter present how water Week 1-2
as basis for explaining behaves in its different
properties, physical changes, states within the water
Explain the properties of solids, liquids,
and structure of substances cycle
and gases based on the particle nature of
and mixtures S8MT-IIIa-b-8
matter;

Explain physical changes in terms of the Week 3-4

arrangement and motion of atoms and S8MT-IIIc-d-9
molecules;
the identity of a substance Determine the number of protons, Week 5-6
according to its atomic neutrons, and electrons in a particular S8MT-IIIe-f-10
structure atom;
the periodic table of Use the periodic table to predict the Week 7-8
elements as an organizing chemical behavior of an element.
tool to determine the
chemical properties of
elements

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S8MT-IIIi-j-12

4th 1. the digestive system present an analysis of Week 1 S8LT-IVa-13

and its interaction with the the data gathered on
circulatory, respiratory, and diseases resulting from
excretory systems in nutrient deficiency Explain ingestion, absorption,
providing the body with assimilation, and excretion
nutrients for energy
2. diseases that result
from nutrient deficiency and
ingestion of harmful
substances, and their
prevention and treatment
1. how cells divide to report on the Compare mitosis and meiosis, and their Week 2 S8LT-IVd-16
produce new cells importance of variation role in the cell-division cycle
2. meiosis as one of in plant and animal Explain the significance of meiosis in Week 2 S8LT-IVe-17
the processes producing breeding maintaining the chromosome number
genetic variations of the
Mendelian Predict phenotypic expressions of traits Week 3 S8LT-IVf-18
Pattern of Inheritance following simple patterns of inheritance
1. the concept of a species report (e.g., through a Explain the concept of a species Week 4 S8LT-IVg-19
2. the species as being travelogue) on the
activities that Classify organisms using the hierarchical Week 4 S8LT-IVh-20
further classified into a
taxonomic system

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hierarchical taxonomic communities engage in Explain the advantage of high Week 5 S8LT-IVh-21
system to protect and conserve biodiversity in maintaining the stability of
endangered and an ecosystem
economically important
species
the one-way flow of energy make a poster Describe the transfer of energy through Week 5 S8LT-IVi-22
and the cycling of materials comparing food choices the trophic levels
in an ecosystem based on the trophic Analyze the roles of organisms in the Week 6 S8LT-IVi-23
levels’ cycling of materials
Explain how materials cycle in an Week 6 S8LT-IVi-24
ecosystem
Suggest ways to minimize human impact Week 7 S8LT-IVj-25
on the environment

Grade Level: Grade 9

Subject: Science

Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration
The learners demonstrate The learners should be
understanding of... able to...
1st 1. how the different conduct an information Explain how the respiratory and Week 1-2 S9LT-la-b-26

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structures of the dissemination activity on circulatory systems work together to

circulatory and respiratory effective ways of taking transport nutrients, gases, and other
systems work together to care of the respiratory molecules to and from the different parts
transport oxygen-rich and circulatory systems of the body
blood and nutrients to the based on data gathered Week 2 S9LT-lc-27
different parts of the body from the school or local
2. the prevention, Infer how one’s lifestyle can affect the
health workers
detection, and treatment functioning of respiratory and circulatory
of diseases affecting the systems
circulatory and respiratory
systems
1. Week 3-4 S9LT-Id-29
is organized in genes on Explain the different patterns of
chromosomes nonMendelian inheritance
2.

how changes in the make a multimedia Week 5 S9LT-Ie-f-30

environment may affect presentation of a timeline
Relate species extinction to the failure of
species extinction of extinction of
populations of organisms to adapt to
representative
abrupt changes in the environment
microorganisms, plants,
and animals
1. the structure and design and conduct an Week 6-7 S9LT-lg-j-31
function of plant parts and investigation to provide
organelles involved in evidence that plants can
Differentiate basic features and
photosynthesis 2. the manufacture their own
importance of photosynthesis and
structure and function of food
respiration
mitochondrion as the
main organelle involved in
respiration

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2nd 1. Explain how the Quantum Mechanical Week 1

led to the description of the behavior of
Model of the atom describes the energies
electrons within atoms and positions of the electrons
2.
Week 2
by Recognize different types of compounds
S9MT-IIb-14
(ionic or covalent) based on their
properties such as melting point,

transferring or by sharing hardness, polarity, and electrical and

electrons thermal conductivity; S9MT-IIb-14
3. forces that hold metals
together
Explain how ions are formed; Week 3 S9MT-IIe-f-16
the type of bonds that Explain how the structure of the carbon Week 4-5
S9MT-IIg-17
carbon forms that result in atom affects the type of bonds it forms;
the diversity of carbon Week 6
compounds Recognize the general classes and uses of
S9MT-IIh-18
organic compounds;

the unit, mole, that analyze the percentage Use the mole concept to express mass of Week 7
S9MT-IIi-19
quantitatively measures composition of different substances; and
the number of very small brands of two food Week 8
particles of matter products and decide on Determine the percentage composition
the products’ appropriate of a compound given its chemical formula S9MT-IIj-20
percentage composition and vice versa.

3rd volcanoes found in the Describe the different types of volcanoes Week 1
Philippines and volcanic eruption
Explain what happens when volcanoes Week 2 S9ES -IIIb-28
erupt
Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may Week 3-4 S9ES –IIIc-d-29

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be tapped for human use

factors that affect climate, participate in activities Explain how different factors affect the Week 5-6 S9ES-IIIe-30
and the effects of changing that reduce risks and climate of an area
climate and how to adapt lessen effects of climate Week 6-7 S9ES-IIIf-31
accordingly change Describe certain climatic phenomena that
occur on a global level

the relationship between discuss whether or not Week 8-9 S9ES-IIIj-35

the visible constellations in popular beliefs and
Show which constellations may be
the sky and Earth’s position practices with regard to
observed at different times of the year
along its orbit constellations and
using models
astrology have scientific
basis

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4th projectile motion, impulse propose ways to enhance Describe the horizontal and vertical Week 1 S9FE-IVa-34
and momentum, and sports related to motions of a projectile
conservation of linear projectile motion Investigate the relationship between the Week 1-2 S9FE-IVa-35
momentum angle of release and the height and range
of the projectile
Relate impulse and momentum to Week 3 S9FE-IVb-36
collision of objects (e.g., vehicular
collision)
Infer that the total momentum before Week 3 S9FE-IVb-37
and after collision is equal
conservation of mechanical create a device that Week 4 S9FE-IVd-40
Perform activities to demonstrate
energy shows conservation of
conservation of mechanical energy
mechanical energy
the relationship among analyze how power Construct a model to demonstrate that Week 5 S9FE-IVe-42
heat, work, and efficiency plants generate and heat can do work
transmit electrical energy Explain how heat transfer and energy Week 6 S9FE-IVg-45
transformation make heat engines work
generation, transmission, Week 6-7 S9FE-IVh-j-46
and distribution of
electrical energy from
power plants
Explain how electrical energy is
(hydroelectric,
generated, transmitted, and distributed
geothermal, wind, nuclear)
to home

Grade Level: Grade 10

Subject: Science

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Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard K to 12 CG Code

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration
The learners The learners should be able
demonstrate to...
understanding of...
1st the relationship among 1. Describe and relate the distribution of Week 1-3
the locations of preparedness duringearthquake
active volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis,
epicenters,
volcanoes, earthquake and volcanic
and major eruptions
mountain belts to Plate
epicenters, and mountain 2. Tectonic Theory
contribute
Describe to
thegovernment
ranges efforts in
different types of plate Week 4 S10ES –Ia-j-36.2
reducing damage due to earthquakes,
boundaries
tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions
Explain the different processes that Week 5-6 S10ES –Ia-j-36.3
occur along the plate boundaries
Describe the possible causes of plate Week 7 S10ES –Ia-j-36.5
movement
Enumerate the lines of evidence that Week 8 S9ES –Ia-j-36.6
support plate movement
2nd the different regions of Compare the relative wavelengths of Week 1-2 S10FE-IIa-b-47
the electromagnetic different forms of electromagnetic
spectrum waves
Cite examples of practical applications of Week 3-4 S10FE-IIc-d-48
the different regions of EM waves, such
as the use of radio waves in
telecommunications
Explain the effects of EM radiation on Week 5 S10FE-IIe-f-49
living things and the environment
the images formed by Predict the qualitative characteristics Week 6-7 S10FE-IIg-50
the different types of (orientation, type, and magnification) of

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mirrors and lenses images formed by plane and curved

mirrors and lenses
Identify ways in which the properties of Week 8 S10FE-IIh-52
mirrors and lenses determine their use
in

optical instruments (e.g., cameras and

binoculars)
the relationship between Week 9 S10FE-IIj-54
electricity and Explain the operation of a simple electric
magnetism in electric motor and generator
motors and generators
3rd 1. organisms as having Explain the role of hormones involved in Week 1 S10LT-IIIb-34
feedback mechanisms, the female and male reproductive
which are coordinated systems
by the nervous and Describe the feedback mechanisms Week 2 S10LT-IIIc-35
endocrine systems 2. involved in regulating processes in the
how these feedback female reproductive system (e.g.,
mechanisms help the menstrual cycle)
organism maintain Describe how the nervous system Week 3 S10LT-IIIc-36
homeostasis to coordinates and regulates these
reproduce and survive feedback mechanisms to maintain
homeostasis
1. the information Explain how protein is made using Week 4 S10LT-IIId-37
stored in DNA as being information from DNA
used to make proteins Week 4 S10LT-IIIe-38
2. how changes in a DNA Explain how mutations may cause
molecule may cause changes in the structure and function of
changes in its product 3. a protein

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mutations that occur in

sex cells as being
heritable
how evolution through write an essay on the Explain how fossil records, comparative Week 5 S10LT-IIIf-39
natural selection can importance of adaptation as anatomy, and genetic information
result in biodiversity a mechanism for the survival provide evidence for evolution
of a species Explain the occurrence of evolution Week 6 S10LT-IIIg-40
1. the influence of Explain how species diversity increases Week 7 S10LT-IIIh-41
biodiversity on the the probability of adaptation and
stability of ecosystems survival of organisms in changing
environments
2. an ecosystem as being Week 7 S10LT-IIIi-42
capable of supporting a Explain the relationship between
limited number of population growth and carrying capacity
organisms
4th how gases behave based Investigate the relationship between: Week 1-2
on the motion and 1 volume and pressure at constant
relative distances temperature of a gas
between gas particles 2
temperature at constant S9MT-IIj-20
pressure of a gas
3
relationships using the kinetic
molecular theory
the structure of Week 3-4
biomolecules, which are
Recognize the major categories of
made up mostly of a S10MT-IVc-d-22
biomolecules such as carbohydrates,
limited number of
lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
elements, such as

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carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and nitrogen
the chemical reactions using any form of media, Week 5-6
present chemical reactions Apply the principles of conservation of
associated with biological S10MT-IVe-g-23
involved in biological and mass to chemical reactions
and industrial processes
affecting life and the industrial processes
Explain how the factors affecting rates of Week 7-8
environment affecting life and the
chemical reactions are applied in food
environment S10MT-IVh-j-24
preservation and materials production,
control of fire, pollution, and corrosion

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