1.

Ultimate CEE Master Question Bank: Physics - Electricity & Magnetism

Section 1: Electrostatics (1-60)

1. The property of matter that gives rise to electric forces between objects is called:
(a) Mass (b) Charge (c) Inertia (d) Momentum

The SI unit of electric charge is the:

(a) Ampere (A) (b) Volt (V) (c) Coulomb (C) (d) Ohm (Ω)

The principle of quantization of charge states that the charge on any object is:
(a) Always a continuous quantity.
b) An integral multiple of the fundamental charge 'e'.
c) Always positive.
d) Inversely proportional to its mass.

The value of the fundamental charge 'e' is approximately:

(a) 1.6 x 10¹⁹ C (b) 9.1 x 10⁻³¹ C (c) 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C (d) 6.25 x 10¹⁸ C

A body can be negatively charged by:

(a) Giving excess electrons to it. (b) Removing some electrons from it. (c) Giving protons to it. (d)
Removing neutrons from it.

Coulomb's Law states that the electrostatic force between two point charges is directly
proportional to the ________ and inversely proportional to the ________.
a) sum of the charges; distance between them
b) product of the charges; square of the distance between them
c) product of the charges; distance between them
d) sum of the charges; square of the distance between them

The constant of proportionality 'k' in Coulomb's Law (F = k|q₁q₂|/r²) is equal to:

(a) 4πε₀ (b) 1 / 4πε₀ (c) ε₀ (d) 4π/ε₀

The permittivity of free space (ε₀) has a value of:

(a) 9 x 10⁹ Nm²C⁻² (b) 8.85 x 10⁻¹² C²N⁻¹m⁻² (c) 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C (d) 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ Nm²kg⁻²

The relative permittivity or dielectric constant (κ or εr) of a medium is defined as:

(a) ε / ε₀ (b) ε₀ / ε (c) F_vacuum / F_medium (d) Both a and c are correct.

Two charges are placed in a medium of dielectric constant 5. The force between them will be
________ times the force in a vacuum.
(a) 5 (b) 1/5 (c) 25 (d) 1/25

An electric field is a region where a(n):

(a) Magnetic force is experienced. (b) Gravitational force is experienced. (c) Electrostatic force is
experienced by a test charge. (d) Nuclear force is experienced.

The electric field intensity (E) at a point is defined as the force per unit:
(a) Mass (b) Length (c) Positive test charge (d) Time

The SI unit of electric field intensity is:

(a) N/C (b) V/m (c) J/C (d) Both a and b are correct.

Electric field lines are imaginary lines that represent the direction of the electric field. They
originate from ________ and terminate on ________.
a) positive charges; negative charges
b) negative charges; positive charges
c) positive charges; infinity
d) Both a and c are correct for different cases.

Which of the following statements about electric field lines is INCORRECT?

(a) They never intersect each other.
b) They form closed loops.
c) The tangent at any point gives the direction of the electric field at that point.
d) The density of field lines represents the strength of the field.

The electric field inside a charged hollow conducting sphere is:

(a) Maximum at the center (b) Constant but non-zero (c) Zero (d) Infinite

An electric dipole consists of:

(a) Two equal positive charges separated by a small distance.
b) Two equal negative charges separated by a small distance.
c) Two equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance.
d) A single isolated charge.

The electric dipole moment (p) is a vector quantity directed from the ________ charge to the
________ charge.
(a) positive; negative (b) negative; positive (c) larger; smaller (d) smaller; larger

The electric field on the axial line of a short electric dipole is ________ the electric field on the
equatorial line at the same distance.
(a) equal to (b) half (c) twice (d) four times

When an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field, it experiences:

(a) A net force but no torque.
b) A net torque but no net force.
c) Both a net force and a net torque.
d) Neither a net force nor a net torque.

Electric flux (Φ) through a surface is a measure of the:

(a) Total charge enclosed by the surface.
b) Total number of electric field lines passing through the surface.
c) Work done in moving a charge over the surface.
d) Electric potential on the surface.

Gauss's Law in electrostatics states that the total electric flux through any closed surface is equal
to:
(a) The total charge (q_enclosed) inside the surface.
b) The total charge divided by the permittivity of free space (q_enclosed / ε₀).
c) The total charge multiplied by the permittivity of free space (q_enclosed × ε₀).
d) Zero.

The electric potential (V) at a point is defined as the:

(a) Force per unit charge.
b) Work done per unit positive charge in bringing it from infinity to that point.
c) Kinetic energy of a charge at that point.
d) Electric field at that point.

The SI unit of electric potential is the Volt (V), which is equivalent to:
(a) Joule / Coulomb (J/C) (b) Newton / Coulomb (N/C) (c) Joule / second (J/s) (d) Coulomb /
second (C/s)

Electric potential is a ________ quantity, while electric field intensity is a ________ quantity.
a) scalar; vector (b) vector; scalar (c) scalar; scalar (d) vector; vector

An equipotential surface is a surface where:

(a) The electric field is constant. (b) The electric potential is constant at all points. (c) No charge
is present. (d) The electric flux is zero.

The work done in moving a charge between any two points on an equipotential surface is:
(a) Maximum (b) Infinite (c) Minimum but non-zero (d) Zero

The relationship between electric field (E) and electric potential (V) is:
(a) E = -dV/dr (b) V = -dE/dr (c) E = V × r (d) V = E × r

The electric potential due to a point charge 'q' at a distance 'r' is given by:
(a) kq/r² (b) kq/r (c) kqr (d) kq²r
The electrostatic potential energy of a system of two charges q₁ and q₂ separated by a distance r
is:
(a) kq₁q₂/r² (b) kq₁q₂/r (c) kq₁/r (d) kq₂/r

If one Joule of work is done to move one Coulomb of charge from one point to another, the
potential difference is:
(a) 1 Ampere (b) 1 Ohm (c) 1 Volt (d) 1 Farad

The process of charging a conductor by bringing it near another charged object without touching
is called:
(a) Conduction (b) Induction (c) Friction (d) Polarization

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, the glass rod becomes positively charged. This means:
(a) Protons are transferred from the silk to the glass.
b) Electrons are transferred from the glass to the silk.
c) Protons are transferred from the glass to the silk.
d) Electrons are transferred from the silk to the glass.

The electric field is always ________ to an equipotential surface.

(a) Parallel (b) Perpendicular (c) At a 45° angle (d) In the same direction as the potential

A Gaussian surface is a(n):

(a) Real physical surface. (b) Surface that always contains charge. (c) Imaginary closed surface
used in Gauss's Law. (d) Always a sphere.

The electric field due to an infinitely long, straight charged wire is proportional to:
(a) r (b) r² (c) 1/r (d) 1/r²

The electric field due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet is:
(a) E = σ / ε₀ (b) E = σ / 2ε₀ (c) E = 2σ / ε₀ (d) E = σ / 2πε₀r

The phenomenon of a conductor protecting its interior from external electric fields is known as:
(a) Dielectric breakdown (b) Electrostatic induction (c) Electrostatic shielding (d) Corona
discharge

The sharp points on a charged conductor tend to have a ________ surface charge density and can
lead to a ________.
a) low; stable charge
b) high; corona discharge
c) zero; zero field
d) uniform; uniform field

Millikan's oil drop experiment was used to determine the:

(a) Mass of the electron (b) Charge of the electron and the quantization of charge (c) e/m ratio of
the electron (d) Existence of the nucleus

How many electrons must be removed from a neutral object to give it a net charge of +1
Coulomb?
(a) 1.6 x 10¹⁹ (b) 6.25 x 10¹⁸ (c) 9.1 x 10³¹ (d) 1

Three charges +q, +q, and -2q are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. The net electric
dipole moment of the system is:
(a) Zero (b) Non-zero (c) Infinite (d) Cannot be determined

The work done by an electrostatic field in moving a charge along a closed loop is:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Zero (d) Dependent on the path

The torque (τ) experienced by an electric dipole (p) in a uniform electric field (E) is given by:
(a) τ = p . E (b) τ = p x E (c) τ = p / E (d) τ = E / p

The potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field is minimum when the dipole
moment is:
(a) Parallel to the field (θ=0°) (b) Antiparallel to the field (θ=180°) (c) Perpendicular to the field
(θ=90°) (d) At a 45° angle to the field
 The SI unit of electric flux is:
(a) Vm (b) V/m (c) Nm²/C (d) Both a and c are correct.

If the distance between two equal point charges is doubled and the charges are halved, the force
between them will be:
(a) 1/4th of the original force (b) 1/8th of the original force (c) 1/16th of the original force (d) Half
of the original force

A surface that encloses a net charge of zero has an electric flux that is:
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Zero (d) Dependent on the shape of the surface

One electron volt (eV) is the energy gained by an electron when it is accelerated through a
potential difference of one volt. It is equal to:
(a) 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ J (b) 1 J (c) 1 C (d) 1 V

The electric potential inside a charged conducting sphere is:

(a) Zero (b) Constant and equal to the potential on the surface (c) Varies inversely with distance
from the center (d) Varies directly with distance from the center

Van de Graaff generator is a device used to:

(a) Store large amounts of charge. (b) Generate very high electrostatic potentials. (c) Measure
potential difference. (d) Generate alternating current.

The concept of electric field was introduced by:

(a) Coulomb (b) Faraday (c) Gauss (d) Ampere

The number of electrons in one coulomb of negative charge is:

(a) 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ (b) 6.25 x 10¹⁸ (c) 9.1 x 10⁻³¹ (d) 1

The electric field lines for a positive point charge are:

(a) Radially outwards (b) Radially inwards (c) Circular (d) Parallel

If an electron is placed in a uniform electric field, it will move:

(a) In the direction of the field. (b) Opposite to the direction of the field. (c) Perpendicular to the
field. (d) It will not move.

The work done in rotating an electric dipole from a position of stable equilibrium to unstable
equilibrium in a uniform electric field E is:
(a) pE (b) 2pE (c) -pE (d) Zero

The number of electric field lines passing per unit area normal to the surface is proportional to
the:
(a) Electric potential (b) Electric flux (c) Electric field intensity (d) Electric charge

Two conducting spheres of radii r₁ and r₂ are connected by a wire. The ratio of their surface
charge densities (σ₁/σ₂) will be:
(a) r₁/r₂ (b) r₂/r₁ (c) r₁²/r₂² (d) r₂²/r₁²

A soap bubble is given a negative charge. Its radius will:

(a) Decrease (b) Increase (c) Remain unchanged (d) First increase then decrease

An electric charge 'q' is placed at the center of a cube. The electric flux linked with one of its faces
is:
(a) q/ε₀ (b) q/2ε₀ (c) q/4ε₀ (d) q/6ε₀

Section 2: Capacitors and Dielectrics (61-101)

1. A capacitor is a device used to:
(a) Store electric charge and energy. (b) Generate electric current. (c) Measure potential
difference. (d) Increase resistance.

The capacitance (C) of a conductor is defined as the ratio of:

(a) Potential (V) to charge (Q) (b) Charge (Q) to potential (V) (c) Work done to charge (d) Charge
to time

The SI unit of capacitance is the Farad (F), which is equivalent to:

(a) Coulomb / Volt (b) Volt / Coulomb (c) Joule / Coulomb (d) Coulomb / second

The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is given by C = κε₀A/d. It does NOT depend on the:
(a) Area of the plates (A) (b) Distance between the plates (d) (c) Dielectric medium between the
plates (κ) (d) Charge on the plates (Q)

If the distance between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is halved, its capacitance will be:
(a) Halved (b) Doubled (c) Quartered (d) Quadrupled

A dielectric is a(n):
(a) Conducting material (b) Insulating material (c) Semiconductor (d) Superconductor

When a dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of a charged, isolated capacitor, the:
(a) Electric field between the plates increases.
b) Potential difference between the plates decreases.
c) Capacitance decreases.
d) Charge on the plates increases.

The dielectric constant (κ) of a material is the ratio of the capacitance with the dielectric to the
capacitance without the dielectric. For a metal, the value of κ is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) > 1 (d) Infinite

The equivalent capacitance of three capacitors C₁, C₂, and C₃ connected in series is given by:
(a) C_eq = C₁ + C₂ + C₃ (b) 1/C_eq = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + 1/C₃ (c) C_eq = (C₁C₂C₃)/(C₁+C₂+C₃) (d) C_eq =
C₁C₂ + C₂C₃ + C₃C₁

The equivalent capacitance of three capacitors C₁, C₂, and C₃ connected in parallel is given by:
(a) C_eq = C₁ + C₂ + C₃ (b) 1/C_eq = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + 1/C₃ (c) C_eq = (C₁C₂C₃)/(C₁+C₂+C₃) (d) C_eq =
C₁C₂ + C₂C₃ + C₃C₁

When capacitors are connected in series, the ________ is the same for all capacitors. When in
parallel, the ________ is the same.
a) charge; potential difference
b) potential difference; charge
c) capacitance; charge
d) charge; capacitance

The energy (U) stored in a capacitor is given by the expression:

(a) U = ½QV (b) U = ½CV² (c) U = Q²/2C (d) All of the above

Two capacitors of capacitance 2 μF and 4 μF are connected in series. The equivalent capacitance
is:
(a) 6 μF (b) 2 μF (c) 3/4 μF (d) 4/3 μF

Two capacitors of capacitance 2 μF and 4 μF are connected in parallel. The equivalent

capacitance is:
(a) 6 μF (b) 2 μF (c) 3/4 μF (d) 4/3 μF

The breakdown voltage of a capacitor is the:

(a) Minimum voltage it can store.
b) Voltage at which it starts charging.
c) Maximum potential difference that can be applied across it before the dielectric breaks down.
d) The voltage when it is fully charged.

When a dielectric is introduced between the plates of a capacitor, its capacitance increases by a
factor of κ. This is because the dielectric:
(a) Becomes polarized and reduces the net electric field.
b) Increases the effective distance between the plates.
c) Is a conductor.
d) Increases the charge on the plates.
A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric spherical shells. Its capacitance depends on:
(a) The charge on the spheres. (b) The potential of the spheres. (c) The radii of the two spheres.
(d) The material of the spheres.

The energy stored in a capacitor is stored in the:

(a) Metal plates (b) Dielectric medium (c) Electric field between the plates (d) Connecting wires

The energy density (energy per unit volume) in the electric field between the plates of a parallel
plate capacitor is:
(a) ½ε₀E (b) ½ε₀²E (c) ½ε₀E² (d) ε₀E²

A parallel plate capacitor is charged and then the battery is disconnected. If the plates are now
pulled further apart, the:
(a) Charge on the capacitor decreases.
b) Potential difference between the plates increases.
c) Capacitance increases.
d) Energy stored remains the same.

A parallel plate capacitor is connected to a battery. If the plates are now pulled further apart
(while still connected to the battery), the:
(a) Charge on the capacitor increases.
b) Potential difference remains the same.
c) Energy stored in the capacitor decreases.
d) All of the above are correct.

The common potential (V) when two capacitors C₁ and C₂ charged to potentials V₁ and V₂ are
connected is given by:
(a) V = (C₁V₁ + C₂V₂)/(C₁+C₂) (b) V = (V₁+V₂)/2 (c) V = (C₁V₂ + C₂V₁)/(C₁+C₂) (d) V = √(V₁V₂)

In the process of sharing charges between two connected capacitors, there is always a loss of:
(a) Charge (b) Capacitance (c) Potential (d) Energy (in the form of heat and radiation)

The unit of capacitance, 1 Farad, is a very large unit. A more practical unit is the:
(a) microfarad (μF) (b) picofarad (pF) (c) Both a and b (d) kiloFarad (kF)

A capacitor blocks ________ but allows ________ to pass through it.

a) DC; AC
b) AC; DC
c) Both AC and DC
d) Neither AC nor DC

What is the equivalent capacitance between points A and B in a Wheatstone bridge of capacitors
if C₁/C₂ = C₃/C₄?
(a) (C₁+C₃)(C₂+C₄) / (C₁+C₂+C₃+C₄)
b) (C₁+C₂)(C₃+C₄) / (C₁+C₂+C₃+C₄)
c) C₅ (the central capacitor)
d) Zero

If 'n' identical capacitors of capacitance C are connected in series, the equivalent capacitance is
________. If connected in parallel, it is ________.
a) nC; C/n
b) C/n; nC
c) C; nC
d) nC; C

The dielectric constant of water is approximately 80. If a capacitor has a capacitance C in air, its
capacitance when immersed in water will be:
(a) C (b) C/80 (c) 80C (d) 80/C

A cylindrical capacitor consists of two coaxial cylinders. Its capacitance depends on:
(a) The radii of the cylinders and the length. (b) The charge on the cylinders. (c) The potential
difference. (d) The material of the cylinders.

The principle of a capacitor is that the capacitance of a charged conductor is increased by

bringing a(n):
(a) Charged conductor near it.
b) Uncharged conductor near it.
c) Earthed, uncharged conductor near it.
d) Insulator near it.

The dimensional formula for capacitance is:

(a) [M⁻¹L⁻²T⁴I²] (b) [ML²T⁻³I⁻¹] (c) [MLT⁻³I⁻¹] (d) [M⁻¹L⁻²T³I²]

The space between the plates of a capacitor is filled with two slabs of dielectric constant K₁ and
K₂. If the slabs are of equal thickness and fill the space completely in series, the new capacitance
is:
(a) (K₁+K₂)C₀/2 (b) 2K₁K₂C₀/(K₁+K₂) (c) (K₁+K₂)C₀ (d) (K₁K₂/(K₁+K₂))C₀

In the previous question, if the slabs are arranged in parallel, the new capacitance is:
(a) (K₁+K₂)C₀/2 (b) 2K₁K₂C₀/(K₁+K₂) (c) (K₁+K₂)C₀ (d) (K₁K₂/(K₁+K₂))C₀

The force between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is proportional to:
(a) The potential difference V (b) V² (c) 1/V (d) 1/V²

A capacitor of capacitance C is charged to a potential V. The energy stored is U. If the charge is

increased to 2Q, the energy stored will be:
(a) U (b) 2U (c) 4U (d) U/2

Match the physical quantity (Column I) with its SI unit (Column II):
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| P. Electric Charge | 1. Volt (V) |
| Q. Electric Field | 2. Farad (F) |
| R. Electric Potential | 3. Coulomb (C) |
| S. Capacitance | 4. Newton/Coulomb (N/C) |
(a) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
b) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2
c) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2
d) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3

Match the term (Column I) with its description (Column II):

| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| P. Dielectric | 1. Stores charge and energy |
| Q. Conductor | 2. Allows easy passage of charge |
| R. Insulator | 3. Becomes polarized in an E-field |
| S. Capacitor | 4. Strongly resists the flow of charge |
(a) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
b) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2
c) P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1
d) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3

A parallel plate capacitor C has a charge Q. The battery is removed and a dielectric slab of K=5 is
inserted. The new potential difference will be:
(a) 5V (b) V (c) V/5 (d) 25V

In the previous question, the new energy stored will be:

(a) 5U (b) U (c) U/5 (d) 25U

A parallel plate capacitor C is connected to a battery V. A dielectric slab of K=5 is inserted. The
new charge stored will be:
(a) Q (b) 5Q (c) Q/5 (d) 25Q

In the previous question, the new energy stored will be:

(a) U (b) 5U (c) U/5 (d) 25U
Section 3: DC Circuits (102-151)
1. The rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor is known as:
(a) Electric potential (b) Resistance (c) Electric current (d) Capacitance

The SI unit of electric current is the ________, and it is a ________ quantity.

a) Coulomb; vector (b) Ampere; vector (c) Ampere; scalar (d) Coulomb; scalar

Ohm's Law states that, provided physical conditions like temperature remain constant, the current
(I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the:
(a) Resistance (R) (b) Length of the conductor (L) (c) Potential difference (V) across its ends (d)
Cross-sectional area (A)

The resistance of a conductor is given by R = ρL/A. The constant ρ (rho) is known as:
(a) Conductance (b) Conductivity (c) Resistivity (or specific resistance) (d) Admittance

The SI unit of resistance is the Ohm (Ω), while the SI unit of resistivity is:
(a) Ohm/meter (Ω/m) (b) Ohm-meter (Ω·m) (c) Ohm/m² (d) Siemens (S)

Resistivity of a metallic conductor depends on the:

(a) Length of the wire (b) Thickness of the wire (c) Shape of the wire (d) Nature of the material
and its temperature

The reciprocal of resistance is called ________, and the reciprocal of resistivity is called ________.
a) Conductance; Conductivity
b) Conductivity; Conductance
c) Admittance; Susceptance
d) Impedance; Reactance

If the length of a wire is doubled by stretching it, its new resistance will be:
(a) Doubled (b) Halved (c) Four times the original (d) One-fourth of the original

The equivalent resistance of three resistors R₁, R₂, and R₃ connected in series is:
(a) R₁ + R₂ + R₃ (b) 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ (c) 1/(1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃) (d) (R₁R₂R₃)/(R₁+R₂+R₃)

The equivalent resistance of three resistors R₁, R₂, and R₃ connected in parallel is given by:
(a) R_eq = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ (b) 1/R_eq = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ (c) R_eq = (R₁R₂R₃)/(R₁+R₂+R₃) (d) R_eq =
R₁ + R₂ - R₃

When resistors are connected in series, the ________ is the same through all resistors. When in
parallel, the ________ is the same across all resistors.
a) current; potential difference
b) potential difference; current
c) resistance; current
d) potential difference; resistance

The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a cell is the potential difference between its terminals when:
(a) It is being charged. (b) It is short-circuited. (c) It is in an open circuit (no current is drawn). (d)
It is connected to an external resistance.

The internal resistance of a real cell causes the terminal potential difference (V) to be ________ the
e.m.f. (ε) when the cell is discharging.
(a) greater than (b) equal to (c) less than (d) the square of

Kirchhoff's first law (Junction Rule) is a statement of the conservation of:

(a) Energy (b) Momentum (c) Mass (d) Charge

Kirchhoff's second law (Loop Rule) is a statement of the conservation of:

(a) Energy (b) Momentum (c) Mass (d) Charge

A Wheatstone bridge is said to be balanced when the galvanometer shows zero deflection. In this
condition, for the four resistors P, Q, R, and S, the relationship is:
(a) P + Q = R + S (b) P/Q = S/R (c) P/Q = R/S (d) P×R = Q×S
The electric power (P) consumed by a resistor (R) with a current (I) flowing through it is given by:
(a) P = I²R (b) P = V²/R (c) P = VI (d) All of the above

One kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a unit of:

(a) Power (b) Electric current (c) Potential difference (d) Electrical energy

The color code for a carbon resistor with the sequence Brown, Black, Red, Gold corresponds to a
resistance of:
(a) 1000 Ω ± 10% (b) 100 Ω ± 5% (c) 10 x 10² Ω ± 5% (d) 102 Ω ± 10%

The heating effect of electric current is described by:

(a) Ohm's Law (b) Faraday's Law (c) Joule's Law (H = I²Rt) (d) Kirchhoff's Law

A fuse wire is made of a material with a:

(a) High melting point and high resistance.
b) Low melting point and high resistance.
c) High melting point and low resistance.
d) Low melting point and low resistance.

The resistance of a metallic conductor ________ with an increase in temperature.

(a) increases (b) decreases (c) remains constant (d) first increases then decreases

The resistance of a semiconductor ________ with an increase in temperature.

(a) increases (b) decreases (c) remains constant (d) becomes zero

Superconductors are materials that have:

(a) Infinite resistance at high temperatures.
b) Zero resistance below a certain critical temperature.
c) A resistance that is independent of temperature.
d) Very high resistivity.

Two resistors of 4 Ω and 6 Ω are connected in parallel. The equivalent resistance is:
(a) 10 Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 2.4 Ω (d) 5 Ω

The terminal voltage of a cell is equal to its e.m.f. when:

(a) The cell is being charged. (b) The internal resistance is zero. (c) No current is drawn from the
cell. (d) Both b and c are correct.

For a group of 'n' identical cells, each of e.m.f. ε and internal resistance r, the current drawn is
maximum when they are connected in series to an external resistance R if ________, and in parallel
if ________.
a) R >> r; r >> R
b) r >> R; R >> r
c) R = r; R = r
d) The connection does not matter.

The unit "ampere-hour" is a unit of:

(a) Power (b) Energy (c) Electric current (d) Electric charge

A drift velocity is the average velocity attained by charged particles in a material due to an electric
field. It is:
(a) Very high, close to the speed of light.
b) In the same direction as the electric field for electrons.
c) Very low, of the order of a few mm/s.
d) Directly proportional to the resistance.

The resistivity of an alloy like manganin or constantan is:

(a) Very low and has a high temperature coefficient.
b) High and has a very low (almost negligible) temperature coefficient.
c) Zero at all temperatures.
d) The same as its constituent metals.

The potential difference between two points is 10 V. The work done in moving a charge of 2 C
between these points is:
(a) 5 J (b) 12 J (c) 20 J (d) 0.2 J
 The relationship between current (I) and drift velocity (v_d) is given by I = nAev_d. Here, 'n'
represents the:
(a) Number of atoms (b) Number of moles (c) Number of free electrons per unit volume (d)
Avogadro's number

If a 100 W, 220 V bulb is operated at 110 V, the power consumed will be:
(a) 100 W (b) 50 W (c) 25 W (d) 200 W

In a balanced Wheatstone bridge, the resistance of the galvanometer branch is:

(a) Zero (b) Infinite (c) Equal to the other resistances (d) Not considered in the balance condition

The temperature coefficient of resistance (α) is positive for ________ and negative for ________.
a) Conductors; Semiconductors
b) Semiconductors; Conductors
c) Insulators; Conductors
d) Conductors; Alloys

Which material is used for the filament of an electric bulb?

(a) Copper (b) Nichrome (c) Tungsten (d) Silver

The specific resistance of a wire depends upon its:

(a) Length (b) Cross-sectional area (c) Mass (d) Material

In a parallel combination of resistors, the equivalent resistance is always:

(a) Greater than the largest individual resistance.
b) Less than the smallest individual resistance.
c) Equal to the sum of the individual resistances.
d) Equal to the average of the individual resistances.

Ohm's law is not applicable to:

(a) Metallic conductors (b) Carbon resistors (c) Electrolytes (d) Semiconductors and vacuum
tubes

The slope of a Voltage (V) vs. Current (I) graph for a metallic conductor represents its:
(a) Resistivity (b) Conductance (c) Resistance (d) Conductivity

Match the quantity (Column I) with its SI unit (Column II):

| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| P. Conductance | 1. Ohm-meter (Ω·m) |
| Q. Conductivity | 2. Ampere (A) |
| R. Resistivity | 3. Siemens (S) or Ω⁻¹ |
| S. Current | 4. Siemens/meter (S/m) |
(a) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
(b) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2
(c) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2
(d) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3

Section J: Electrical Instruments

1. A meter bridge is an application of a:

(a) Potentiometer (b) Galvanometer (c) Balanced Wheatstone bridge (d) Voltmeter

A potentiometer is a device used to measure the:

(a) E.m.f. of a cell accurately. (b) Internal resistance of a cell. (c) Potential difference. (d) All of the
above.

A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by connecting a:

(a) High resistance in series. (b) High resistance in parallel. (c) Low resistance (shunt) in series.
(d) Low resistance (shunt) in parallel.

A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter by connecting a:

(a) High resistance in series. (b) High resistance in parallel. (c) Low resistance in series. (d) Low
resistance in parallel.
 An ideal ammeter has ________ resistance, and an ideal voltmeter has ________ resistance.
a) zero; zero (b) infinite; infinite (c) zero; infinite (d) infinite; zero

The principle of a potentiometer is that the potential drop across any portion of the wire is directly
proportional to the ________ of that portion, provided the wire is of uniform area and a constant
current flows through it.
(a) resistance (b) length (c) temperature (d) resistivity

A potentiometer is preferred over a voltmeter for measuring the e.m.f. of a cell because:
(a) It is more sensitive.
b) It draws no current from the cell at the balance point.
c) It has a higher resistance.
d) It is cheaper.

In a meter bridge experiment, the balance point is found at 40 cm from one end. If the resistor in
that gap is 10 Ω, the unknown resistance is:
(a) 10 Ω (b) 15 Ω (c) 6.67 Ω (d) 25 Ω

The sensitivity of a potentiometer can be increased by:

(a) Increasing the current in the main circuit.
b) Decreasing the length of the potentiometer wire.
c) Increasing the length of the potentiometer wire.
d) Using a wire of high resistivity.

Section 11: Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism (152-201)

1. Oersted's experiment demonstrated that an electric current produces a:
(a) Gravitational field (b) Electric field only (c) Magnetic field (d) Nuclear field

The magnetic field lines around a long, straight current-carrying wire are:
(a) Radial and outwards (b) Radial and inwards (c) Parallel to the wire (d) Concentric circles
around the wire

The direction of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying wire can be found using the:
(a) Right-Hand Thumb Rule (b) Fleming's Left-Hand Rule (c) Fleming's Right-Hand Rule (d) Lenz's
Law

The Biot-Savart Law is used to calculate the:

(a) Force on a current-carrying wire.
b) Magnetic field due to a small current element.
c) Induced e.m.f. in a coil.
d) Force between two parallel currents.

The magnetic field at the center of a circular current-carrying loop of radius R is proportional to:
(a) R (b) R² (c) 1/R (d) 1/R²

A solenoid is a long coil of wire. The magnetic field inside a long solenoid is:
(a) Zero (b) Weak and non-uniform (c) Strong and uniform (d) Strong at the ends and weak in the
middle

Ampere's Circuital Law provides an alternative way to calculate the magnetic field and is
analogous to ________ in electrostatics.
(a) Coulomb's Law (b) Ohm's Law (c) Gauss's Law (d) Kirchhoff's Law

The force (F) on a charge (q) moving with velocity (v) in a magnetic field (B) is given by the
Lorentz force equation F = q(v x B). The force is maximum when the angle between v and B is:
(a) 0° (b) 45° (c) 90° (d) 180°

A charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to its velocity. The path of the
particle will be a:
(a) Straight line (b) Circle (c) Helix (d) Parabola

A cyclotron is a device used to:

(a) Generate high-frequency AC. (b) Store magnetic energy. (c) Accelerate charged particles to
high energies. (d) Measure magnetic fields.

The force between two long, parallel current-carrying wires is attractive if the currents are in
________ and repulsive if they are in ________.
a) the same direction; opposite directions
b) opposite directions; the same direction
c) perpendicular directions; the same direction
d) the same direction; perpendicular directions

The SI unit of magnetic field strength (B) is the:

(a) Gauss (b) Oersted (c) Weber (d) Tesla (T)

One Tesla is equal to:

(a) 1 N/(A·m) (b) 1 Weber/m² (c) 10⁴ Gauss (d) All of the above

The torque (τ) on a current loop (with magnetic moment M) in a uniform magnetic field (B) is
given by:
(a) τ = M . B (b) τ = M x B (c) τ = M / B (d) τ = B / M

A moving coil galvanometer works on the principle that a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field
experiences a:
(a) Force (b) Torque (c) Change in flux (d) Change in resistance

The properties of a bar magnet are similar to that of a:

(a) Current-carrying circular loop (b) Current-carrying straight wire (c) Current-carrying solenoid
(d) Charged rod

The geographic and magnetic poles of the Earth:

(a) Coincide exactly. (b) Are in opposite hemispheres. (c) Are at different locations. (d) Are 90°
apart.

The angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian at a place is the:
(a) Angle of dip (or inclination) (b) Angle of declination (c) Isogonic line (d) Magnetic latitude

The angle of dip is 90° at the ________ and 0° at the ________.

a) magnetic poles; magnetic equator
b) magnetic equator; magnetic poles
c) geographic poles; magnetic equator
d) magnetic equator; geographic poles

Materials that are weakly repelled by a magnetic field are called:

(a) Paramagnetic (b) Diamagnetic (c) Ferromagnetic (d) Ferrimagnetic

Materials that are weakly attracted by a magnetic field are called:

(a) Paramagnetic (b) Diamagnetic (c) Ferromagnetic (d) Antiferromagnetic

Ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted by a magnetic field. An example is:

(a) Copper (b) Aluminum (c) Iron (d) Bismuth

The magnetic susceptibility (χ) is small and positive for ________ materials and small and
negative for ________ materials.
a) paramagnetic; diamagnetic
b) diamagnetic; paramagnetic
c) ferromagnetic; paramagnetic
d) paramagnetic; ferromagnetic

The Curie temperature is the temperature above which a:

(a) Diamagnetic material becomes paramagnetic.
b) Paramagnetic material becomes ferromagnetic.
c) Ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic.
d) Superconductor loses its superconductivity.

A hysteresis loop (B-H curve) is plotted for a ferromagnetic material. The area of the loop
represents the:
(a) Retentivity of the material (b) Coercivity of the material (c) Energy loss per unit volume per
cycle of magnetization (d) Magnetic permeability

A material suitable for making a permanent magnet should have:

(a) High retentivity and high coercivity.
b) Low retentivity and low coercivity.
c) High retentivity and low coercivity.
d) Low retentivity and high coercivity.

A material suitable for making the core of an electromagnet or a transformer should have:
(a) High retentivity and high coercivity.
b) Low retentivity and high coercivity.
c) High retentivity and low coercivity.
d) Low retentivity and low coercivity.

The SI unit of magnetic flux (Φ) is the:

(a) Tesla (b) Gauss (c) Weber (Wb) (d) Henry (H)

The magnetic moment of a current loop is proportional to the:

(a) Current only (b) Area of the loop only (c) Product of current and area (d) Number of turns only

A tangent galvanometer is an instrument used to measure:

(a) Magnetic flux (b) E.m.f (c) Small electric currents (d) Resistance

A charged particle moving parallel to a magnetic field experiences a magnetic force of:
(a) Maximum value (b) Minimum value (c) Zero (d) A constant non-zero value

The source of the Earth's magnetic field is believed to be:

(a) A large bar magnet in the Earth's core.
b) The rotation of the Sun.
c) Electric currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth.
d) Cosmic rays.

Soft iron is used to make the core of transformers because it has:

(a) Low permeability and high retentivity.
b) High permeability and low retentivity (small hysteresis loop).
c) High coercivity and high retentivity.
d) Low permeability and low coercivity.

A current of 1 A is defined as the current which, when flowing in two long parallel wires 1 m apart,
produces a force of:
(a) 2 x 10⁻⁷ N/m (b) 1 N/m (c) 4π x 10⁻⁷ N/m (d) 10⁻⁷ N/m

The strength of the magnetic field is also referred to as:

(a) Magnetic flux (b) Magnetic flux density (c) Magnetic moment (d) Magnetic susceptibility

Which of the following is a diamagnetic substance?

(a) Aluminum (b) Sodium (c) Oxygen (d) Copper

A magnetic compass needle will be oriented vertically at the:

(a) Geographic equator (b) Magnetic equator (c) Geographic pole (d) Magnetic pole

The force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field is given by F = I(L x B). The direction
of this force is given by:
(a) Right-Hand Thumb Rule (b) Fleming's Left-Hand Rule (c) Lenz's Law (d) Faraday's Law

A toroid is essentially a solenoid bent into a:

(a) Square shape (b) Circular shape (c) Straight line (d) U-shape

A magnetic monopole:
(a) Is the basic unit of magnetism. (b) Is found at the center of a bar magnet. (c) Is predicted by
theory but has never been observed. (d) Is another name for an electron.
 The magnetic field inside a toroid is:
(a) Zero everywhere (b) Non-zero and uniform inside, zero outside (c) Non-uniform inside, non-
zero outside (d) Uniform everywhere

The cause of paramagnetism is the presence of ________ in atoms or molecules.

(a) Paired electrons (b) Unpaired electrons (c) A complete octet (d) A full d-orbital

The cause of diamagnetism is the:

(a) Spin motion of electrons. (b) Orbital motion of electrons. (c) Random motion of atoms. (d)
Nuclear spin.

Match the magnetic property (Column I) with the material (Column II):
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| P. Diamagnetic | 1. Aluminum, Oxygen |
| Q. Paramagnetic | 2. Iron, Cobalt, Nickel |
| R. Ferromagnetic | 3. Copper, Water, Bismuth |
| S. Superconductor | 4. Perfect Diamagnetism (Meissner effect) |
(a) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
b) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4
c) P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4
d) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3

Match the law/rule (Column I) with its application (Column II):

| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| P. Biot-Savart Law | 1. Force on a moving charge |
| Q. Ampere's Law | 2. Magnetic field of a current element |
| R. Lorentz Force Law | 3. Force on a current-carrying wire |
| S. Fleming's Left-Hand Rule | 4. Magnetic field in symmetrical situations |
(a) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
b) P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1
c) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3
d) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3

A moving charge produces:

(a) An electric field only (b) A magnetic field only (c) Both an electric and a magnetic field (d) No
field

The relative magnetic permeability (μ_r) is slightly greater than 1 for ________ materials and
slightly less than 1 for ________ materials.
a) paramagnetic; diamagnetic
b) diamagnetic; paramagnetic
c) ferromagnetic; diamagnetic
d) paramagnetic; ferromagnetic

The magnetic field lines of a bar magnet:

(a) Originate from the north pole and terminate on the south pole.
b) Form continuous closed loops.
c) Originate from the south pole and terminate on the north pole.
d) Never enter the magnet itself.

A galvanometer's current sensitivity can be increased by:

(a) Decreasing the number of turns. (b) Decreasing the magnetic field. (c) Decreasing the
torsional constant of the spring. (d) Decreasing the area of the coil.

Which instrument is based on the principle of a balanced Wheatstone bridge?

(a) Potentiometer (b) Ammeter (c) Voltmeter (d) Meter bridge

Section 12: Electromagnetic Induction (202-261)

1. The phenomenon of producing an induced e.m.f. in a circuit by changing the magnetic flux linked
with it is:
(a) Electrostatic induction (b) Electromagnetic induction (c) Self-induction (d) Mutual induction

The laws of electromagnetic induction were experimentally discovered by:

(a) Ampere (b) Oersted (c) Faraday (d) Maxwell

Faraday's first law states that an e.m.f. is induced whenever the ________ changes.
(a) current (b) resistance (c) magnetic flux (d) electric flux

Faraday's second law states that the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to
the:
(a) Magnetic field strength. (b) Rate of change of magnetic flux (dΦ/dt). (c) Time for which flux
changes. (d) Resistance of the coil.

Lenz's Law is a direct consequence of the law of conservation of:

(a) Charge (b) Mass (c) Momentum (d) Energy

Lenz's Law provides the ________ of the induced current.

(a) magnitude (b) direction (c) frequency (d) power

The e.m.f. induced in a straight conductor of length 'l' moving with velocity 'v' perpendicular to a
uniform magnetic field 'B' is the motional e.m.f., given by:
(a) E = Blv (b) E = Bl/v (c) E = Bv/l (d) E = l²vB

The phenomenon of inducing an e.m.f. in a coil due to a change of current in the same coil is
called:
(a) Mutual inductance (b) Self-inductance (c) Capacitive reactance (d) Eddy currents

The SI unit of both self-inductance and mutual inductance is the:

(a) Weber (Wb) (b) Tesla (T) (c) Farad (F) (d) Henry (H)

An inductor is a circuit element that stores energy in a(n):

(a) Electric field (b) Magnetic field (c) Gravitational field (d) Both electric and magnetic fields

The energy stored in an inductor L carrying a current I is given by:

(a) ½LI (b) LI² (c) ½LI² (d) L²I/2

The self-inductance of a long air-cored solenoid is independent of the:

(a) Number of turns (b) Area of cross-section (c) Length of the solenoid (d) Current flowing
through it

The phenomenon of inducing an e.m.f. in a secondary coil due to a change of current in a nearby
primary coil is:
(a) Self-induction (b) Mutual induction (c) Hysteresis (d) Electromagnetic damping

A transformer is a device that works on the principle of:

(a) Self-induction (b) Mutual induction (c) Eddy currents (d) Ohm's Law

A transformer is used to step up or step down ________ voltage. It does not work with ________
voltage.
a) AC; DC (b) DC; AC (c) both AC and DC; zero (d) low; high

In an ideal step-up transformer:

(a) N_s > N_p, V_s > V_p, I_s < I_p
b) N_s < N_p, V_s < V_p, I_s > I_p
c) N_s > N_p, V_s > V_p, I_s > I_p
d) N_s < N_p, V_s > V_p, I_s < I_p

The core of a transformer is made of soft iron and is laminated to:

(a) Increase the magnetic flux. (b) Increase the self-inductance. (c) Reduce energy loss due to
eddy currents. (d) Provide mechanical strength.

The direction of the induced current in a conductor moving in a magnetic field is given by
Fleming's:
(a) Left-Hand Rule (b) Right-Hand Rule (c) Thumb Rule (d) Corkscrew Rule
Eddy currents are induced currents in the bulk of a conductor. They are used in all of the following
EXCEPT:
(a) Induction furnaces (b) Electromagnetic brakes (c) Electric power meters (d) Reducing heat
loss in transformers

The coefficient of coupling (K) between two coils is a measure of the flux linkage. For tightly
coupled coils, K is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) Infinite

An AC generator (dynamo) is a device that converts ________ energy into ________ energy.
(a) Electrical; Mechanical (b) Mechanical; Electrical (c) Chemical; Electrical (d) Electrical; Heat

The role of the slip rings in an AC generator is to:

(a) Convert AC to DC. (b) Convert DC to AC. (c) Collect the AC current from the rotating coil. (d)
Reverse the direction of the current.

The role of the split-ring commutator in a DC motor is to:

(a) Reverse the direction of the current in the coil every half rotation to ensure continuous torque.
b) Collect current from the source.
c) Increase the speed of the motor.
d) Convert the input DC to AC.

A DC motor converts ________ energy into ________ energy.

(a) Electrical; Mechanical (b) Mechanical; Electrical (c) Chemical; Mechanical (d) Mechanical;
Heat

The back e.m.f. in a DC motor is maximum when the motor is:

(a) Just starting up. (b) Running at its maximum speed. (c) Switched off. (d) Under a heavy load.

The self-inductance of a coil is one Henry if a change in current of 1 A/s induces an e.m.f. of:
(a) 1 Ampere (b) 1 Volt (c) 1 Coulomb (d) 1 Weber

The magnetic flux through a coil is Φ = 5t² + 3t + 6 Wb. The magnitude of the induced e.m.f. at t =
2 seconds is:
(a) 10 V (b) 20 V (c) 23 V (d) 26 V

A metal ring is held horizontally and a bar magnet's north pole is dropped through it. The induced
current, as viewed from above, will be:
(a) Clockwise as it approaches, and anticlockwise as it recedes.
b) Anticlockwise as it approaches, and clockwise as it recedes.
c) Clockwise throughout.
d) Anticlockwise throughout.

The SI unit of magnetic flux, the Weber, is equivalent to:

(a) Tesla / meter² (b) Tesla . meter² (c) Henry / Ampere (d) Volt . second

The mutual inductance of a pair of coils depends on:

(a) The current in the coils. (b) The rate of change of current. (c) Their geometry, number of turns,
and separation. (d) The material of the wires.

An inductor opposes a change in ________, while a capacitor opposes a change in ________.

a) current; voltage (b) voltage; current (c) resistance; capacitance (d) charge; flux

The quantity L/R has the dimensions of:

(a) Frequency (b) Time (c) Capacitance (d) Energy

The quantity RC has the dimensions of:

(a) Frequency (b) Time (c) Inductance (d) Power

In an LR circuit, the current grows exponentially according to I = I₀(1 - e^(-t/τ)). The time constant
τ is:
(a) LR (b) L/R (c) R/L (d) 1/LR

The energy density (energy per unit volume) in a magnetic field B is given by:
(a) B²/2μ₀ (b) μ₀B²/2 (c) ½μ₀B (d) B/2μ₀

A transformer cannot be used to step up or step down:

(a) AC voltage (b) AC current (c) DC voltage (d) Power

For an ideal transformer, the power input is equal to the power output. Therefore:
(a) V_p / I_p = V_s / I_s (b) V_p I_p = V_s I_s (c) V_p V_s = I_p I_s (d) V_p / V_s = I_p / I_s

The phenomenon of electromagnetic damping is used in:

(a) AC generators (b) DC motors (c) Transformers (d) Galvanometers

The current induced in a closed loop of wire when it is moved into a magnetic field is called:
(a) Direct current (b) Alternating current (c) Eddy current (d) Induced current

The working of a metal detector is based on the principle of:

(a) Static electricity (b) Eddy currents (c) Photoelectric effect (d) Thermionic emission

A step-down transformer converts:

(a) High voltage, low current into low voltage, high current.
b) Low voltage, high current into high voltage, low current.
c) AC into DC.
d) DC into AC.

The core of an induction coil is made of:

(a) Soft iron (b) Steel (c) Copper (d) Aluminum

If the number of turns in a solenoid is doubled while keeping its length and area constant, its self-
inductance becomes:
(a) Halved (b) Doubled (c) Four times (d) Unchanged

A simple DC motor and a simple DC generator have:

(a) Very different constructions.
b) Exactly the same basic construction.
c) A DC motor has slip rings, while a generator has a commutator.
d) A generator has no magnet.

The growth and decay of current in an LR circuit is:

(a) Instantaneous (b) Linear (c) Exponential (d) Parabolic

The dimensions of magnetic flux are:

(a) [ML²T⁻²I⁻¹] (b) [ML²T⁻²I⁻²] (c) [MT⁻²I⁻¹] (d) [MLT⁻¹I⁻¹]

A small, permanent magnet is pushed into a coil. The induced e.m.f. does NOT depend on the:
(a) Speed of the magnet (b) Number of turns in the coil (c) Strength of the magnet (d) Resistance
of the coil

The unit Henry can also be expressed as:

(a) Volt / Ampere (b) Volt . second / Ampere (c) Ampere / Volt . second (d) Volt / second

The energy loss due to hysteresis in a transformer core is proportional to the:

(a) Frequency of the AC (b) Area of the B-H loop (c) Volume of the core material (d) All of the
above

A metal aeroplane with a wingspan of 50 m flies horizontally at 720 km/h in a region where the
vertical component of the Earth's magnetic field is 4.0 x 10⁻⁴ T. The potential difference developed
between the wingtips is:
(a) 1 V (b) 2 V (c) 4 V (d) 8 V

The direction of Lenz's law is included in Faraday's law by writing the equation as:
(a) ε = dΦ/dt (b) ε = -N(dΦ/dt) (c) ε = NΦ (d) ε = -L(dI/dt)

The self-inductance of a straight conductor is:

(a) Infinite (b) Very large (c) Zero (or negligible) (d) One Henry
 A conducting loop is rotated in a uniform magnetic field. The frequency of the induced e.m.f. is
________ the frequency of rotation.
(a) half (b) equal to (c) twice (d) four times

Mutual inductance between two coils is maximum when the coils are:
(a) Perpendicular (b) Parallel (c) Coaxial and close (d) Far apart

A generator produces an e.m.f. of ε = 170 sin(120πt). The frequency of the AC voltage is:
(a) 120 Hz (b) 60 Hz (c) 50 Hz (d) 170 Hz

An electric fan continues to rotate for a while after the current is switched off due to:
(a) Its self-inductance (b) Its capacitance (c) Its inertia of rotation (d) Eddy currents

The unit Weber/m² is equivalent to:

(a) Henry (b) Farad (c) Tesla (d) Volt

A train is moving on equatorial line. The induced e.m.f. in the axle is:
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum (c) Zero (d) Dependent on speed

A choke is preferred to a rheostat in controlling AC because:

(a) It is cheaper. (b) It consumes almost no power. (c) It is smaller in size. (d) It works with both
AC and DC.

The current that does not contribute to the power loss in an AC circuit is called:
(a) Active current (b) Wattless current (c) RMS current (d) Peak current

Section 13: Alternating Currents (262-301)

1. An alternating current (AC) is one whose magnitude and direction vary:
(a) Randomly (b) Linearly (c) Periodically (d) Exponentially

The RMS value of an AC current is that value of steady DC current which would produce:
(a) The same amount of charge in the same time.
b) The same heating effect in the same resistor in the same time.
c) The same magnetic effect.
d) The same potential difference.

The average value of a sinusoidal AC over one complete cycle is:

(a) I₀/√2 (b) I₀ (c) 2I₀/π (d) Zero

The average value of a sinusoidal AC over a positive half-cycle is:

(a) I₀/√2 (b) I₀ (c) 2I₀/π (≈ 0.637 I₀) (d) Zero

In a purely resistive AC circuit, the phase difference between current and voltage is:
(a) 0 (b) π/2 (c) π (d) π/4

In a purely inductive AC circuit, the current ________ the voltage by a phase angle of ________.
a) leads; π/2 (b) lags; π/2 (c) leads; π (d) lags; π

In a purely capacitive AC circuit, the current ________ the voltage by a phase angle of ________.
a) leads; π/2 (b) lags; π/2 (c) leads; π (d) lags; π

The inductive reactance (X_L) of an inductor is directly proportional to the:

(a) Inductance only (b) Frequency only (c) Both inductance and frequency (d) Square of the
frequency

The capacitive reactance (X_C) of a capacitor is inversely proportional to the:

(a) Capacitance only (b) Frequency only (c) Both capacitance and frequency (d) Square of the
frequency

The total opposition to current flow in a series LCR circuit is called:

(a) Resistance (b) Reactance (c) Admittance (d) Impedance (Z)
At resonance in a series LCR circuit, the impedance is at its ________ and is equal to ________.
a) minimum; R (b) maximum; R (c) minimum; 0 (d) maximum; infinity

The resonant frequency (f₀) of a series LCR circuit is given by:

(a) f₀ = 1/(2π√(LC)) (b) f₀ = √(LC)/2π (c) f₀ = 2π√(LC) (d) f₀ = L/C

The quality factor (Q-factor) of a series LCR circuit can be defined as the ratio of the:
(a) Voltage across L or C to the voltage across R at resonance.
b) Resonant frequency to the bandwidth.
c) ωL/R.
d) All of the above.

The power factor (cos φ) is the ratio of ________. For a purely resistive circuit, its value is ________.
a) R/Z; 1 (b) Z/R; 1 (c) X_L/R; 0 (d) X_C/R; 0

The average power dissipated in an AC circuit is given by P = V_rms I_rms cos φ. The term cos φ
is called the:
(a) Quality factor (b) Form factor (c) Power factor (d) Phase angle

The current in an AC circuit is said to be wattless if the circuit contains:

(a) Only resistance (b) Only inductance or only capacitance (c) A combination of L and C only (d)
Both b and c

A choke coil is simply an inductor with:

(a) High inductance and high resistance.
b) Low inductance and low resistance.
c) High inductance and low resistance.
d) Low inductance and high resistance.

The principle of an LC oscillator is based on the:

(a) Conversion of electrical energy to magnetic energy.
b) Conversion of magnetic energy to heat.
c) Oscillating transfer of energy between the capacitor's electric field and the inductor's magnetic
field.
d) Resonance in an RLC circuit.

Power is transmitted from a power station at very high voltage to:

(a) Increase the current. (b) Minimize power loss (I²R). (c) Increase the speed of transmission. (d)
Comply with safety regulations.

An AC source is connected to a capacitor. If the frequency of the source is increased, the current
through the capacitor will:
(a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Remain the same (d) Become zero

An AC source is connected to an inductor. If the frequency of the source is increased, the current
through the inductor will:
(a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Remain the same (d) Become zero

The phasor representing voltage across a resistor in an AC circuit is always:

(a) Parallel to the current phasor. (b) Perpendicular to the current phasor. (c) At a 45° angle to the
current phasor. (d) In the opposite direction to the current phasor.

In a step-down transformer, the output voltage is ________ and the output current is ________ than
the input.
a) lower; higher (b) higher; lower (c) lower; lower (d) higher; higher

A capacitor is a perfect filter for ________ but offers a low impedance path for ________.
a) DC; AC (b) AC; DC (c) High frequency AC; Low frequency AC (d) Low frequency AC; High
frequency AC

The natural frequency of an LC circuit is 50 Hz. To produce resonance in a series RLC circuit with
this source, the inductive reactance must be:
(a) Equal to the resistance (b) Equal to the capacitive reactance (c) Equal to the impedance (d)
Zero
The brightness of a bulb in a series AC circuit containing an inductor will decrease if:
(a) The frequency of the source is decreased.
b) An iron core is inserted into the inductor.
c) The number of turns in the inductor is decreased.
d) The inductor is replaced with a capacitor.

The form factor for a sinusoidal AC is the ratio of:

(a) Peak value to RMS value (b) RMS value to average value (c) Average value to RMS value (d)
Peak value to average value

In a series LCR circuit, if the voltage across L, C, and R are 40 V, 40 V, and 50 V respectively, the
source voltage is:
(a) 130 V (b) 80 V (c) 50 V (d) 90 V

The core of a choke coil is made of:

(a) Soft iron (b) Steel (c) Copper (d) Air

Which of the following devices works on the principle of electromagnetic induction?

(a) Electric motor (b) Electric generator (c) Transformer (d) All of the above

Maxwell's prediction of electromagnetic waves was based on the concept that a changing
________ field produces a ________ field.
a) electric; gravitational
b) magnetic; gravitational
c) electric; magnetic
d) magnetic; electric

The dimensions of inductance are the same as that of:

(a) Magnetic flux (b) Magnetic field (c) Flux / Current (d) Flux / Time

A metal detector works on the principle of:

(a) Resonance in AC circuits. (b) The photoelectric effect. (c) The Doppler effect. (d) Newton's
rings.

Match the device (Column I) with its working principle (Column II):
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| P. DC Motor | 1. Mutual Induction |
| Q. Transformer | 2. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a B-field |
| R. AC Generator | 3. Converting Mechanical to Electrical energy |
| S. Choke Coil | 4. High inductance, low resistance |
(a) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
(b) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4
(c) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4
(d) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3

Match the AC circuit element (Column I) with the phase relationship (Column II):
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| P. Pure Resistor | 1. Current leads voltage by 90° |
| Q. Pure Inductor | 2. Current and voltage are in phase |
| R. Pure Capacitor | 3. Current lags voltage by 90° |
| S. Series LCR at resonance | 4. Current and voltage are in phase |
(a) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4
(b) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
(c) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4
(d) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3

In an LCR circuit, if ω > 1/√(LC), the circuit is predominantly:

(a) Resistive (b) Inductive (c) Capacitive (d) At resonance

In an LCR circuit, if ω < 1/√(LC), the circuit is predominantly:

(a) Resistive (b) Inductive (c) Capacitive (d) At resonance

The efficiency of a transformer is given by:

 (a) Input power / Output power (b) Output power / Input power (c) V_s / V_p (d) I_p / I_s

The phenomenon where the changing current in one coil induces an e.m.f. in itself is called:
(a) Mutual inductance (b) Self-inductance (c) Eddy current (d) Hysteresis

Final Challenge: A capacitor and an inductor are connected in two different AC circuits. The
capacitive reactance is equal to the inductive reactance. If the frequency of the applied AC source
is doubled, what will be the new ratio of inductive reactance to capacitive reactance (X_L' / X_C')?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/4 (d) 4

302. The phenomenon of producing an e.m.f. in a circuit containing two different metals when their
junctions are maintained at different temperatures is known as the:
(a) Peltier effect (b) Seebeck effect (c) Thomson effect (d) Joule heating effect

303. A thermocouple, which is used to measure temperature, is a practical application of the:

(a) Peltier effect (b) Seebeck effect (c) Thomson effect (d) Hall effect

304. The magnitude and direction of the thermo e.m.f. in a thermocouple depend on the:
(a) Nature of the two metals and the resistance of the circuit.
(b) Length and thickness of the wires.
(c) Nature of the two metals and the temperatures of both the hot and cold junctions.
(d) Heat capacity of the metals.

305. The temperature of the hot junction at which the thermo e.m.f. in a thermocouple becomes
maximum for a given cold junction temperature is called the:
(a) Critical temperature (b) Boyle temperature (c) Neutral temperature (T_n) (d) Temperature of
inversion (T_i)

306. The temperature of the hot junction at which the thermo e.m.f. in a thermocouple becomes
zero and then reverses its direction is called the:
(a) Critical temperature (b) Boyle temperature (c) Neutral temperature (d) Temperature of inversion
(T_i)

307. For a thermocouple, if T_c is the temperature of the cold junction, T_n is the neutral
temperature, and T_i is the temperature of inversion, the correct relationship between them is:
(a) T_n = (T_i + T_c) / 2
(b) T_i = (T_n + T_c) / 2
(c) T_c = (T_i + T_n) / 2
(d) T_n = T_i - T_c

308. The phenomenon of evolution or absorption of heat at a junction of two dissimilar metals
(other than Joule heating) when a current is passed through it is the:
(a) Peltier effect (b) Seebeck effect (c) Thomson effect (d) Corona discharge

309. The Peltier effect is the direct reverse of the:

(a) Joule heating effect (b) Seebeck effect (c) Thomson effect (d) Compton effect

310. The Peltier coefficient (π) is defined as the heat energy absorbed or evolved at a junction per
unit:
(a) Temperature difference (b) Time (c) Resistance (d) Charge passing through it (π = Q/q)

311. The phenomenon of evolution or absorption of heat when a current is passed through a single,
non-uniformly heated conductor is the:
(a) Peltier effect (b) Seebeck effect (c) Thomson effect (d) Joule heating effect

312. A positive Thomson effect is observed when heat is evolved as current flows from a hotter to
a colder part of the conductor. An example of a metal showing this is:
(a) Copper (Cu) (b) Iron (Fe) (c) Lead (Pb) (d) Bismuth (Bi)

313. A negative Thomson effect is observed when heat is absorbed as current flows from a hotter
to a colder part of the conductor. An example of a metal showing this is:
(a) Copper (Cu) (b) Iron (Fe) (c) Lead (Pb) (d) Zinc (Zn)

314. The metal which shows a zero Thomson effect is:

(a) Copper (Cu) (b) Iron (Fe) (c) Lead (Pb) (d) Silver (Ag)

315. Thermopile is a highly sensitive device used to detect and measure heat radiation. It consists
of a large number of ________ connected in series.
(a) Resistors (b) Capacitors (c) Thermocouples (d) Diodes

316. The thermoelectric power (or Seebeck coefficient) of a thermocouple is defined as the:
(a) Total e.m.f. produced.
(b) Rate of change of thermo e.m.f. with respect to the temperature of the hot junction (dE/dT).
(c) Current per unit temperature difference.
(d) Heat absorbed per unit charge.