Smart Vacuum Cleaner Using Arduino
Smart Vacuum Cleaner Using Arduino
Volume 10, Issue 7, July – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul791
Smart Vacuum Cleaner Using Arduino
Uzma Satteekar1; Malikanaaz Kolhar2; Suhana Begum Togari3; Sneha Chavan4
1,2,3,4
Secab Institute of Engineering and Technology
Publication Date: 2025/07/19
Abstract: The increasing demand for automated cleaning solutions has led to the development of smart vacuum systems that
can operate autonomously in indoor environments. This paper presents the design and implementation of a cost-effective
smart vacuum cleaner powered by non-rechargeable batteries, controlled by an Arduino-based microcontroller system. The
primary aim is to demonstrate an efficient cleaning mechanism suitable for small-scale applications, such as domestic or
academic use, without the added complexity of rechargeable battery management.
The proposed system integrates key components such as DC motors for mobility and suction, ultrasonic sensors for
obstacle detection, and an Arduino Uno for centralized control. A motor driver module enables precise control of the drive
motors, allowing the robot to navigate and clean autonomously within a defined area. The vacuum's behavior is guided by
a programmed pathfinding and collision-avoidance algorithm, making it capable of operating with minimal human
intervention.
Although the use of non-rechargeable power sources limits long-term deployment, this design offers significant
advantages in terms of simplicity, cost, and ease of implementation. The system is particularly well-suited for educational
demonstrations, prototype development, and disposable-use scenarios where short-duration operation is sufficient. The
project illustrates the potential for creating low-cost, intelligent cleaning robots using open-source electronics and accessible
components.
How to Cite: Uzma Satteekar; Malikanaaz Kolhar; Suhana Begum Togari; Sneha Chavan (2025) Smart Vacuum Cleaner Using
Arduino. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(7), 1217-1219.
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul791
I. INTRODUCTION To implement autonomous navigation and cleaning
logic.
With the rise of smart homes and autonomous systems,
robotic vacuum cleaners have become a popular household To provide a low-cost prototype suitable for educational
appliance. However, many of these systems involve complex or experimental use
circuitry, high costs, and require rechargeable power sources.
This project explores a simplified version of the robotic III. COMPONENTS REQUIRED
vacuum cleaner using non-rechargeable batteries and an
Arduino microcontroller. The goal is to design a low-cost, Table 1 Components Required
portable, and functional cleaning system suitable for short-
term or demonstration purposes, especially in academic or Component Specification
rural settings with limited access to advanced electronics.
Arduino Uno ATmega328P microcontroller
II. OBJECTIVES
To develop a smart vacuum cleaner that uses non- DC Motors 6V geared motors for wheels
rechargeable batteries for power.
To control the system using an Arduino Uno Motor Driver Module L298N or similar
microcontroller.
To integrate obstacle detection using ultrasonic or IR Vacuum Fan Motor 6V or 12V mini blower
sensors.
Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
IJISRT25JUL791 www.ijisrt.com 1217
Volume 10, Issue 7, July – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul791
at the front to detect obstacles. The motor driver receives
Component Specification commands from the Arduino to control both driving and fan
motors. A simple logic is programmed to allow the robot to
move forward, stop when obstacles are detected, reverse, and
Wheels and Chassis 2-wheel robot base turn to find a new direction.
Battery Pack AA/9V non-rechargeable batteries V. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The system is powered by non-rechargeable batteries
Jumper Wires Male-to-male, male-to-female connected through a switch.
When turned on, the Arduino continuously receives data
Switch ON/OFF toggle switch
from the ultrasonic sensor.
Breadboard Mini-size If no obstacle is detected within a certain distance, the
vacuum moves forward.
IV. METHODOLOGY If an obstacle is detected, it stops, reverses briefly, and
changes direction.
The design involves assembling a two-wheeled robot
with a suction fan. The Arduino Uno acts as the control unit. The fan motor runs continuously while the system is
Two DC motors provide movement, while an additional powered, collecting dust through a suction pipe or hole
motor powers the suction fan. Ultrasonic sensors are mounted at the bottom.
VI. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig 1 Circuit Diagram
IJISRT25JUL791 www.ijisrt.com 1218
Volume 10, Issue 7, July – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jul791
Fig 2 Vacuum Cleaner Circuit
VII. ADVANTAGES REFERENCES
Low cost and easy to build [1]. Arduino Uno datasheet – www.arduino.cc
[2]. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Technical Manual
Ideal for educational use and demonstrations [3]. L298N Motor Driver Module Documentation
[4]. “Design and Development of Autonomous Vacuum
Simple design and lightweight Cleaner,” International Journal of Engineering Trends
and Technology, 2020
Can be deployed in remote areas without access to [5]. Robotic Systems: Principles and Practice, McGraw-
charging facilities Hill, 2018
VIII. LIMITATIONS
Short operational time due to non-rechargeable batteries
Limited suction power
Lacks advanced mapping or path optimization
Not suitable for continuous or large-scale cleaning
IX. APPLICATIONS
Educational robotics and embedded system training
Demonstration of autonomous cleaning concepts
Use in temporary or emergency cleaning situations
Disposable-use systems in restricted environments
X. CONCLUSION
The proposed smart vacuum cleaner demonstrates a
simplified and cost-effective approach to autonomous
cleaning using readily available components and non-
rechargeable power sources. While it does not replace
commercial robotic cleaners, it serves as an excellent
platform for learning and prototyping in low-resource
settings. Future work could involve replacing the power
source with solar cells or hybrid systems and adding
Bluetooth or Wi-Fi for remote control.
