DEVELOPMENT OF A GIS BASED CADASTRE

(A CASE STUDY OF A SECTION OF FUTO)

SUBMITTED BY

AKOANI CHINAZA EMMANUEL

REG NO: 20191170674

THE DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING AND

GEOINFORMATICS FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI

IN PARTIALFULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR

THE AWARD OF B.TECH IN SURVEYING AND
GEINFORMATICS

SUPERVISOR: SURV ARUNGWA I.D.

DECEMBER 2024
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that I, Akoani Chinaza Emmanuel with matriculation number 20191170674, a
student of the Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, have satisfactorily completed the
requirement for the Project for the award of the B.Tech in Surveying and Geoinformatics. The
work embodied in this Project is original and has not to my knowledge been submitted in part or
fully for any other degree of this or other university

………………… ………………..

(Student signature) Date

AKOANI CHINAZA EMMANUEL

APPROVAL
This is to certify that AKOANI CHINAZA EMMANUEL with matriculation number
20191170674, a student of the Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, have satisfactorily
completed the requirement for the Project for the award of the degree ofB.Tech in Surveying and
Geoinformatics. The work embodied in this Project is original and has not to my knowledge been
submitted in part or fully for any other degree of this or other university

…………………………. ……………………….

SURV I.D ARUNGWA DATE

SUPERVISOR

………………………… ……..………………..

VEN, PROF A.C CHUKWUOCHA DATE

HOD

……………………….. ……………………….

DR E.C MOKA DATE

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

……………………….. …….………………..

PROF J.O NJOKU DATE

DEAN, SOES

DEDICATION
This report is dedicated to God Almighty who has given me life and made it possible for me to
get to this point in my academic pursuit, and all the people that supported me to get to where I am
today.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I want to thank my project supervisor SurvArungwaIkenna for his leadership and guidance in this
program, ensuring discipline and the need for partnership for the actualization of this work. I also
extend this gratitude to Ven, Prof A.C Chukwocha for his unending support and mentoring that
this work will be a success, I also wish to appreciate MrsIfeoma Akoani for her continuous,
unwavering support to me. I also wish to appreciate everyone that contributed to the success of
this work.

.
 ABSTRACT

The efficient and effective administration of land depends upon a good land information system,
this project focuses on developing a GIS-based Land Information System for a section of the
Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO). The study aims to address limitations
associated with conventional land information systems, such as inefficiencies, inaccuracies, and
lack of integration. The methodology involved collecting spatial and attribute data through field
surveys and satellite imagery, geo-referencing the data, and building a geodatabase using ArcGIS.
Spatial features such as roads and buildings were digitized, and their attributes were integrated
into a structured database for efficient management and analysis. The results showcase detailed
maps and attribute tables highlighting spatial relationships and patterns. This project demonstrates
the significant potential of GIS technology to improve land information systems by enhancing
accuracy, efficiency, and decision-making processes. The developed system serves as a model for
broader applications in institutional and regional land management.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE I

CERTIFICATION II

DEDICATION III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V

ABSTRACT VI

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY……………………………………………….………….1

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM…………………………………………………...……..4

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY…………………………………………………...…..4

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK……………………………………………………………………………5

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY……………………………………………………………...…5

1.6 AREA OF STUDY…………………………………………………………………………....6

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK………………………………………………………….…8

2.1.1 Cadastral System…………………………………………………………………………….8

2.1.2 Land Administration……………………………………………………………….………10

2.1.3 Geographic Information System (GIS)………………………………………………..……11

2.1.3.1 Components of a GIS…………………………………………………………….……….12

2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED EMPIRICAL STUDIES……………………………….………….14
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 METHODOLOGY FLOWCHART………………………………………………………….16

3.2 DATA SOURCE………………………………………………………………………….….17

3.3 DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING……………………………………….………17

3.4 METHODS…………………………………………………………………….…………….17

3.5 INSTRUMENTS…………………………………………………………….………………18

3.5.1 HARDWARE………………………………………………………………………………18

3.5.2 SOFTWARE…………………………………………………………...…………………..18

3.6 PERSONNEL INVOLVED…………………………………………………………….……19

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT PRESENTATION

4.1 RESULT PRESENTATION…………………………………………………………………20

4.2 DATA ANALYSIS…………………………………………………………….…………….31

4.2.1. COLLECTION OF DATA……………………………………………………….………..31

4.2.2. TABLE OF THE SPATIAL AND ATTRIBUTE DATA……………………….…………32

4.3.3. TO PLOT THE FIELD DATA WITH AUTO CAD………………………………………32

4.4.4. TO OBTAIN A CLEAR SATELLITE IMAGERY OF THE AREA OF STUDY……..…32

4.5.5. TO BUILD A GEO DATABASE WITH ARCMAP………………………………..

……..33 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………...………..34
5.2 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………....34

5.3 RECOMMENDATION…………………………………………………………...…………34

REFERENCES………………………...………………………………………………….…….35
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 1.1 Study area map of Owerri west (source, Arcgis pro)

Fig 1.2 Satellite imagery of Futo (source Google earth pro)

Fig 2.1 Paper cadastral map source

Fig 2.2 Digital cadastral map source

FIG 4.1: AutoCAD Plotting Of the Study Area

FIG 4.2: Satellite Imagery of the Study Area

FIG 4.3: Geo-Referenced Satellite Imagery

FIG 4.4: Geodatabase of Buildings

Fig 4.5: Geodatabase of Roads

 LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Methodology Flowchart

Table 3.2 Data Sources

Table 3.3 Hardware and Software

Table 4.1: Summary of Data Collected

Table 4.2: Spatial and Attribute Data of Buildings

Table 4.3: Spatial and Attribute Data of Roads

Table 4.4: Summary of the Geodatabase

Table 4.5: Showing Geodatabase of Buildings

Table 4.6: Showing Geodatabase of Roads

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Land is a natural resource bestowed to man by free gift of nature, it spans all across the earth
including land in the sea beds. Land is man’s natural habitat used for his development and his
expansion. Pindiga and Orisakwe (2013) believed land to be a platform for all human activity
used for economic, social, political and environmental advancement of all countries of the world.

Clearly,“land is undoubtedly one of the most valuable resources of any nation” (Mikir, 2019)
owned and managed by people, public or community making it a valuable asset. The numerous
use of land by man necessitated that a body be created to regulate land information. Information
is a very important core of land administration, playing a vital role in protecting the interest of
land owners as well as creating room for land marketing and development; if there is a wrong
information, there could exist disparities among land owners or future buyer’s. A land
information system is the collection of land related data to generate a documented information
about it. Ali and Shakir (2013) believed land information system to be a tool for legal,
administrative decision making aiding planning and development. A land information system is
being controlled by the land administration body, thus, according to Usman and Sc (2013), “land
administration is the process whereby land and information about its ownership is effectively in
the control of a central authority that regulates the structure and patterns of land ownerships, land
use, and access of the public to land resources in such a way that it is used in a sustainable
manner from both environmental and economic perspectives”(para 1).

According to Kurwakumire E. (2007), “the ever-growing world population and increasing

pressure on both natural and manmade resources renders critical the need for land information as
a basis for managing and exploiting the land resources in a sustainable manner”(para 1). The
evolution of land information system started with the use of poor implementation of services
ranging from poor conditions of service to inadequate logistics to lack of transparency to poor
records management; and as such has led to poor accuracy of land information and it creates
room for issues among land owners. The conventional/existing land information system is
entirely based on paper map which can be easily falsified.Akeh and Mshelia (2016) argued that
most land administration agencies in Nigeria continue to depend solely on the manual system of
filing, recording, storing and retrieval of information. Due to the advancement of technology
with the invention of the computer system, its eases of most of the challenges faced by the
conventional method of land information system.

GIS (Geographic Information System) is a computer system designed in capturing, processing,

displaying, storing, querying and analyzing geographically referenced data. The beauty about
this is that it can easily perform all the tasks of a conventional land information system and even
do more.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The conventional method of land information system was implemented to collect, record and
store land information, however it has varying limitations due to the use of outdated tools.
According to Usman and Sc (2013), “the system of information collation and retrieval has
remained, in most cases, unchanged leading to haphazard development of land resources with
serious legal, planning, economic, and environmental impacts. This realization led to the
involvement of Information Technology (IT) tools, to assist in the creation, documentation, and
management of land titles”.
Provision of a reliable, user friendly and easy system of land information system with the use of
GIS is the goal of this research work.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

1.3.1 AIM

The aim of this project is developing a GIS based cadastrefor a section in Federal University of
Technology, Owerri.
1.3.2 OBJECTIVES

I. To design a layout in Auto CAD.

II. To import the layout into Arc Map and digitize it.
III. To create an attribute table for the layout.
IV. To build a geo database with Arc Map.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The conventional land information system is prone to human errors which may be caused due to
oversight, fatigue or misinformation; and when such errors are neglected or not identified and
presented as information, it creates room for misunderstanding amongst people. The use of GIS
in land information system will eradicate most of the manual labor, making the error that may
likely going to occur very minimal.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is in the borders of Federal University of Technology Owerriand will
include some parcels of land owned by the school and not extending to the lands of the other
communities which bound FUTO. We used GIS methods both in data collection and in all other
field works necessary to develop the database, we will only focus on Land Information System
data related to FUTO and we will not be using any data that does not involve FUTO.

1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Very few states of the federation of Nigeria has adopted the use of GIS for land information
system excluding Owerri, Imo state. Hence, there is no existing geo database at the time of this
study making it difficult to implement and also, the results of this study is limited to the Federal
University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), Owerri west.
1.7 AREA OF THE STUDY

Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO) is a federal government university located in

Owerri West, Owerri in the capital of Imo State, Nigeria. The university is bounded by the
communities of Eziobodo in the South East, Ihiagwa in the North East, Umuchima in the East
and ObinzeOkolochi in the North West. Its coordinate location is 5° 23¹ 37.94309¹¹ N and 6° 59¹
9.45546¹¹ E, it is the premier federal university of technology in the South-East and South-South
parts of Nigeria. This is the study area.

Fig 1.1 Study area map of Owerriwest(source, Arcgis pro)

 Fig 1.2 Satellite imagery of Futo(source Google earth pro)

1.7.1 CLIMATE

The Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO) in Nigeria experiences a tropical climate
marked by two primary seasons: the rainy season and the dry season.

1.7.1.1 RAINY SEASON

The rainy season occurs from April to October and is characterized by significant rainfall.

1.7.1.1 DRY SEASON

The dry season occurs from November to March, characterized by elevated temperatures and
reduced humidity.

Local weather patterns can differ significantly, making it essential to consult specific weather
forecasts for the most accurate information.
1.7.2 TOPOGRAPHY

The Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria, is located in a region with diverse
topography. The area's elevation variations have been analyzed using a digital elevation model
(DEM) derived from a 1977 topographic map series, offering valuable insights into its terrain
features.

1.7.3 POPULATION

The Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO) is a large institution with an enrollment
exceeding 25,000 students in the year 2024.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Various terms used in this study can be defined as follows:

1.8.1 Land Information System

A Land Information System (LIS) is a specialized management tool designed to capture, store,
and analyze data related to land. Its primary purpose is to enhance the efficiency of land control
and management.

1.8.2 Land Administration

Land administration encompass the comprehensive framework and activities related to managing
land resources, focusing on the legal, institutional, and policy dimensions that regulate land use
and ownership.

1.8.3 Geographic Information System

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computerized tool designed to capture, process,

store, query, analyze, and display geospatial data associated with locations on the Earth's surface.

1.8.4 Cadastre

Cadastre involve recording and documenting information related to land parcels.

1.8.5 Cadastral Maps

Cadastral maps serve to delineate the boundaries of Cadastres

1.8.6 Land Use

Land use is a term that shows how different portions of land are being used and utilized by man.

1.8.7 Geo database

A geodatabase (GDB) is a specialized database or file structure used in ArcGIS for storing,
managing, and manipulating both spatial and attribute data, acting as a container for geographic
information.

1.8.8 Spatial Data

It is a type of geospatial data that describes the location of a spatial feature.

1.8.9 Attribute Data

Sometimes referred to as aspatial data, as the name implies, it contains information on the
characteristics of a spatial object such as size and area.

1.9 Primary Data

These are data collected for the very first time, it includes ground survey points.

1.9.1 Secondary Data

These are data that is collected from an already existing data.

 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1.1 Cadastral System

A cadastre is a registration of land usually done by the land administrative body, (Ibraheem and
Daham2011) believed cadastre to be a record of interest in land rights, restrictions and
responsibilities. We can say, “It is basically an up-to-date register containing different aspects
relating to the land unit such as tenure, use and value (Kurwakumire 2007). A cadastral system
on the other hand is the regulation of cadastres, delineating property boundaries, shape and size
of the parcel.

“Cadastral data are primarily created for calculating taxes where properties’ maps, uses, owners,
and values are recorded” (Wolfgang and Florian, 2023). According to (Pindiga and Orisakwe
2016), “the effective and efficient operation of a nation’s cadastral system is an integral part of
sustainable development”. The end product of a cadastre is a cadastral map; “maps help to
determine the location of property, indicate the size and shape and reveal geographic relationship
that affect property value” (Mondol et al, 2016). “A cadastral map is a map that provides detailed
information about real property within a specific area"(Mondol et al, 2016). “Cadastral maps are
generally an essential part of territory management”

The conventional land information system produces a hard copy paper map which was being
implemented in its administration, the use of hard copy map came with a lot of issue as(Mondol
et al 2016) will say, “paper maps are very difficult to store for a long time”, it also has lots of
disadvantages like it is difficult to update, it is usually prone to error, it can be falsified easily.
(Kurwakumire E. 2007), summed up the disadvantages below:
i. Information retrieval is slow as a physical search through the files could take a
significant period of time.
ii. Data are dispersed, that is, the data can be located in several disjoint locations or in
different agencies without means of transferring data throughout the different storage
facilities. This makes integration difficult.
 iii. Paper documents easily wear out due to usage.

iv. Paper documents are usually available but inaccessible.

These challenges has often time made land owner’s run into series of fights and quarrels with
other land owner’s or sometimes the administrative body because of lack of accuracy in its
information; land administration presents itself as a lawfully meaningful relationship amongst
people (Mondol et al, 2016). Thus, there needed to be a reform.

fig 2.1 Paper cadastral map source-https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-

s2.0S0264837722000114-gr2.jpg

“Cadastral reform is a way of improving the cadastral systems in line with the dynamic
socioeconomic changes” (Kurwakumire E. 2007). The digital land information system presents
itself as a means of redeeming the aforementioned challenges among land owner’s by producing
a digital map. According to (Abubakar et al, 2020), “a computerised LIS will help address issues
such as multiple allocations of the same plot of land to more than one applicant, rampant cases of
land records forgeries, theft of files and illegal smuggling of forged land documents into the land
registry; unauthorized persons within the land management system allocating lands contrary to
the provisions of the constitution and the Land Use Act”. According to (Ibraheem and
Daham2011), a digital cadastral mapping system should have the following components, (Wan,
and Williamson, 1995):
iReference to a geodetic control network

iiCurrent base map layer (ideally, photogrammetrically derived)

iiiA cadastral layer delineating all real property parcels

ivVertical aerial photographs and/or images (ideally, ortho-rectified)

vA unique parcel identifier assigned to each parcel

viA means to tie spatial data to attribute data (ownership and parcel characteristic files)

viiAdditional layers of interest to the assessor, such as municipal boundaries, zoning, soil types,
and flood plains.

“The digital land cadastre maintains the official records pertaining to land parcels, their
position, shape, size, land use, and ownership” (Ali and Shakir, 2013).

fig 2.2 Digital cadastral map source-https://pubs.sciepub.com/jgg/7/4/3/bigimage/fig7.png

2.1.2 Land Administration

Land administration involves the systematic management of information related to land

ownership, value, and usage, as well as the resources associated with it, making use of Land
information system as it tool. Since “land information management forms an integral part of
urban development” (Mikir, 2019), then it is worthy of note to take a look at its implementation.
The major challenge facing the land administrative body of Nigeria today is its use of out dated
tools for collecting and storing information, it is based on the fact that they are yet to adapt fully
to the new technological interface; the old system of land administration is still being
implemented in most states of Nigeria and thus, we don’t have a strong land administrative body
in Nigeria. According to Pindiga and Orisakwe 2013, Nigeria still has problem of:

I. Double allocation of a single plot to two or more individuals.

II. Overlapping of plots when charted on master sheets.

III. Difficulty/Inconsistency in obtaining information about land.

IV. Non-payment of rents due to lack of up-to-date information about the owner.

V. Existence of more than one base map for plotting of new or processed applications.

VI. Duplication of efforts.

Another is that, “the problems of land administration in Nigeria is further accentuated by the lack
of a uniform system for land administration in the various states of the Federation due to the
operation of the Land Use Act” (Akeh and Mshelia2016).

2.1.3 Geographic Information System(GIS)

A GIS is a computerized tool designed for capturing, processing, storing, displaying, querying,
analyzing geo spatial data. (Abubakar et al, 2020) defined “GIS as a Geographic Information
System that served as a tool for managing and analyzing any geographic feature”. (Akeh and
Mshelia 2016), analyzed Geographic Information System (GIS) as a robust, reliable and versatile
technology that can be used in managing land records allowing us to view, understand, question,
interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the
form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. GIS has both spatial and attribute data, the Spatial data
describes the location with respect to earth surface while attribute data defines the characteristic
or quality of the spatial feature (Abubakar et al, 2020).

2.1.3.1 Components of a GIS

Hardware
These are the physical components that facilitate the activities of GIS, they include data
acquisition hardware e.g Total station, Theodolite; data processing hardware e.g laptop.

iiSoftware

These are the incorporeal components software that facilitate the activities of GIS, they include
software for data base management e.g Oracle, SQL; software for information presentation
e.gAutocad.

iiiExpertise

These are the people that coordinate the activities of GIS by implementing plans and algorithms
for carrying out GIS

ivProcedures

These refers to algorithms and implementations plans designed for using GIS to solve real world
problems.

vData

Its forms part of the framework of a GIS and exits as spatial and non spatial data.

According to Gabriel and Alfred (2016), “no component can operate in isolation of the other and
a careful integration of all is vitally important for the successful functioning of GIS”. Abubakaret
al, 2020 emphasized the advantage of GIS in land administration as:
i It will facilitate land registration processes, data processing, storage and retrieval as well as
reduce time, cost and space required for land record and management
ii It will enhance academic research as access to information will be easy

iii Guarantee tenure security and transparency among land owners. This will enhance
sustainable development

iv GIS data base system for land management guarantee data backup in the event of system
breakdown
v GIS database can provide previous and up to date Maps, layout, plans with details if require
at fingertips
vi GIS database can accept updates easily viiSince the GIS database is embedded with
information, every potential buyer will want to authenticate (attest) whether the land is
genuine and free from stains.
viiiGIS allow information sharing by different users at different time

A GIS can also be queried with the use of Structured Query Language (SQL). According to
(Akeh and Mshelia 2016) there are five broad types of questions that a sophisticated GIS can
answer have been identified as follows:

I. Location: What is at…?

II. Condition: Where is it...?
III. Trends: What has changed since...?
IV. Patterns: What spatial patterns exist...?
V. Modeling: What if…?

GIS as a sophisticated tool can be used to successfully replace the conventional tool of land
information system and thus require some skills that go beyond traditional assessment and
mapping skills (Ali and Shakir, 2012). “The building of a computerized land information system
takes a considerable amount of time especially in developing countries where map (geometric)
data has not been computerized” (Kurwakumire 2007). Some of the problems identified and the
challenges being faced by the developing countries in operational implementation of these
technologies include(Ali and Shakir, 2012):
 I. Lack of awareness about the technology
II. Absence of a framework for undertaking GIS implementation task
III. A momentous task of converting traditional datasets (GIS inputs) in to new forms

2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED EMPIRICAL STUDIES

Mondol et al 2016, having seen the need of a cadastral system being implemented in their region
and the limitations of the conventional method, went ahead to establish a land information
system based on computerization; developing the digital cadastral, he digitized and
georeferenced the already existing paper map and he was able to create a digital map.

Pindiga and Orisakwe (2013), analyzed the futility of the analog format in his state then went
ahead to use GIS to develop a land information system. They scanned the existing cadastral
layout of the area and also took satellite image of the area, their attribute data was obtained by
personal interview, physical inspection and collection from the ministry of land.

Ibraheem and Daham (2011), presented the problem of conventional cadastral maps compared to
the digital model because of its increased impetus in the use of modern technologies; modern
technologies such as Satellite poitionfixing, that thus improves the accuracy of spatial
information.

Mikir (2019), in an attempt to develop a digital cadastral system, built and organized his spatial
data with coordinate geometry in GIS environment, built and organized his attribute data using
encoded keyboard entry in Arc map; thereby he was able to query both his spatial and attribute
data.

Akeh and Mshelia (2016), saw the limitation of the manual system of filling, recording and
storing of information went ahead to define GIS as a robust, reliable and versatile technology
that can manage spatial and non spatial data. They asserted that the adoption of GIS technology
will facilitate timely title registration and ease land application processes; thus they advocated
for the computerization of all land records. However, their work was just based on theory with
no practical.
Ali and Shakir (2012), explained of the need of a functioning land market in the market world
and deduced how land information is going to affect the growth of a land market, and they
explained why the conventional land information system couldn’t be of great use in
development. They were able to establish a theory why there needs to be a digital cadastral
system, however, the method for implementing it wasn’t stated in their work.

Kurwakumire E. (2007), deduced land to be a nation’s natural resource and the beauty of
cadastre in the development of land, citing the limitations of the conventional land information
system. He advocated for a digital cadastre to be created by using the Satellite position fixing to
pick spatial data, however, he didn’t implement any of the things he said.

Abubakaret al, (2020), analyzed that the use of out dated tools for land information system with
respect to the increasing population rate couldn’t be of help in years to come; thus, a
computerized tool needs to be implemented, he went as far as solving this problem by building a
geo database.

Usman and Sc (2013), proposed that information requirements for land title has increased and
therefore the system of collection and retrieval of information should also increase. In an attempt
to increase the system of collection and retrieval of information, used the Structured Query
Language(SQL) to query spatial and attribute data to generate specific information.

The general agreement gotten from these literatures is the traditional form of Land Information
System can no longer keep up with the global development of land and the development of a GIS
based Land Information System will improve the accuracy and reliability of land records , reduce
errors and improve transparency.
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
3.1 METHODOLOGY FLOWCHART

DATA
COLLECTION

SPATIAL DATA ATTRIBUTE DATA

ROAD LAND SOCIO BOUNDARY

ECONOMIC

DATA PROCESSING IMPORTING

TO AUTOCAD

SHAPE FILE CONVERSION

CREATION TO GIS PLOTTING DATA

CREATION OF A
GEODATABASE

Figure 3.1: Methodology Flow diagram

3.2 DATA SOURCE

We picked our ground coordinates of existing points using GPS so as to get a more accurate
result. Accurate geographic images of FUTO was collected to get a visual representation and
show the past and present developments which is ongoing. To accomplish this data, was gotten
from sources like satellite images, Google earth images, digital base maps of FUTO and maps
from the surveying department. The data gotten was collected from the recent years ranging from
2020, 2022 and 2023.
Table 3.5 Data source table
Type Data Source Purpose
Primary Spatial data Ground Survey Plotting the parcel data
Secondary Attribute data Satellite images Describing for each parcel of
land

Secondary Boundary data Physical inspection Delineating the study area

3.3 DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING

3.4 METHODS

Primary data and ground truthing was done in this study, satellite images was downloaded from
Google earth and other aerial images to be used to form a composite image of the study area.
They were utilized for the classification of features into points, lines and polygon which was
later used to create a geo database in ArcGIS. Secondary data was sourced from already existing
digital maps of FUTO and maps from the surveying department.
3.4 INSTRUMENTS

Table 3.2 Hardware and software

Hardware

No Name company Purpose/for

1 Laptop Dell Plotting and analyzing of spatial and attribute data.

Software

2 AutoCAD Autodesk Plotting and exporting data into GIS environment

(version 2021)
Arc Map ESRI Building geo-

(version 10.8) database and make analysis

3.4.1 HARDWARE

 Personal Computer: A functioning computer with access to ArcGIS and Autocad was
needed, it was also used in handling large spatial images and geospatial analysis.

3.4.2 SOFTWARE

 AutoCAD: Designing and exporting data into GIS environment.

 ArcMap: Geographic Information System which is essential for this operation and was
used to create relationship between spatial and attribute data, building geospatial database
and making analysis.
3.5 STEPS TO CREATE A GEODATABASE AND FEATURE CLASSES IN ARCMAP

Step 1: Launch ArcMap

Open ArcMap to begin your project

Step 2: Access the Catalog Window

Click on the Catalog tool from the toolbar to manage your GIS data.

Steps 3: Create a personal Geodatabase

i. In the Catalog window, navigate to your workspace folder.

ii. Right-click on the folder, choose New, and select File Geodatabase.
iii. Assign a name to the geodatabase to reflect the project context.

Step 4: Create Feature Classes for Each Parcel

i. Right-click on the geodatabase and select New > Feature Class.

ii. Name each feature class according to the parcels depicted in the image (e.g., Parcel 1,
Parcel 2, etc.).
iii. Repeat this process for all parcels shown.

Step 5: Create Feature classes for Each Parcel

i. Right-click on the geodatabase and select New > Feature Class.

ii. Name each feature class according to the Road’s name depicted in the image (e.g., Major
Road, Access Road etc.).

Step 6: Define Attribute Fields

During the creation of each feature class, add the necessary fields to capture attribute information
for each parcel:

 Ownership: To record the owner of the parcel.

 Location: To describe the parcel's location.
  Gender: To indicate the owner's gender.
 Type of Ownership: To classify the ownership type (e.g. freehold lease, lease hold).
 ID: A unique identifier (e.g., Parcel 1, Parcel 2).
 Date Acquired: To note the acquisition date of the parcel.

Step 7: Design the Layout of Parcels and Roads

Use the drawing tools in ArcMap to digitize the parcels based on the layout provided in the
image. Ensure the boundaries and labels for each parcel (e.g., Parcel 1, Parcel 7) align with the
visual structure.

Step 8: Save and Finalize

Save the geodatabase and the feature classes to preserve the data organization. Ensure the parcels
are accurately digitized and labeled as shown in the layout.

3.6 PERSONNEL INVOLVED

The personnel involved in this project are

1. Akoani Chinaza Emmanuel 20191170674

2. Onuoha Divine Chinonso 20191146964

 CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT PRESENTATION

This chapter focuses on the creation of a geodatabase in ArcMap to organize and manage spatial

data. Feature classes were developed for parcels, each containing attributes such as ownership,

location, and acquisition date. The process ensures accurate representation and effective analysis

of parcel layouts.

4.1 DATA ANALYSIS

Fig 4.1: Autocad Drawing Of The Study Area

TABLE 4.1.1: PARCEL 1 DATABASE

OWNE LOCA GEN DATE_ACQ TYPE_OF_OW SHAPE_ SHAPE_

R TION DER UIRED NERSHIP Length Area ID
IBEH PER
CHUK MAL 25TH JULY CEL
WUDI FUTO E 2024 FREE_LEASE 141.6 1248.75 1

TABLE 4.1.2: PARCEL 2 DATABASE

SHAPE_ SHAPE LOCA GEN TYPE_OF_OW DATE_ACQ

OWNER Length _Area TION DER NERSHIP ID UIRED
EMMAN PAR 25TH
UELLA FEMA CEL AUGUST
EVANS 91.6 520 FUTO LE HOLD LEASE 2 2024

TABLE 4.1.3: PARCEL 3 DATABASE

OWN LOCATI DATE_ACQU TYPEE_OF_OWN SHAPE_Le SHAPE_A GEND

ER ON IRED ERSHIP ID ngth rea ER
PETE
R
OKOY 15TH JULY PARC
E FUTO 2024 FREE HOLD EL 3 116.6 832.5 MALE

TABLE 4.1.4: PARCEL 4 DATABASE

OWN LOCATI DATE_ACQU GEND TYPE_OF_OWNE SHAPE_Le SHAPE_A

ER ON IRED ER RSHIP ID ngth rea
PETE
R
MER 25TH MAY FEMA PARC
CY FUTO 2024 LE HOLD LEASE EL 4 116.6 832.5

TABLE 4.1.5: PARCEL 5 DATABASE

OWN LOCATI DATE_ACQUI GEND TYPE_OF_OWNE ID SHAPE_Le SHAPE_Area

ER ON RED ER RSHIP ngth
PAUL
OKOY 25TH MAY PARC
E FUTO 2024 MALE FREE LEASE EL 5 116.6 832.5

TABLE 4.1.6: PARCEL 6 DATABASE

OWN LOCATI DATE_ACQU GEND TYPE_OF_OWNE SHAPE_Le SHAPE_A

ER ON IRED ER RSHIP ID ngth rea
MER 23RD
CY JANUARY FEMA PARC
GIFT FUTO 2024 LE HOLD LEASE EL 6 117 837.5

TABLE 4.1.7: PARCEL 7 DATABASE

OWNE LOCATI DATE_ACQU GEND TYPE_OF_OWNE SHAPE_Le SHAPE_A

R ON IRED ER RSHIP ID ngth rea
GOD
WIN
OKAF 15TH MAY FEMA PARC
OR FUTO 2O24 LE HOLD LEASE EL 7 116.6 832.5

TABLE 4.1.8: PARCEL 8 DATABASE

OWN LOCA DATE_AC GEN TYPE_OF_O SHAPE_ SHAPE

ER TION QUIRED DER WNERSHIP ID Length _Area

NMES
OMA 31ST PAR
MAU OCTOBER FEM CEL 519.99
REEN FUTO 2024 ALE FREE LEASE 8 91.6 9

TABLE 4.1.9: PARCEL 9 DATABASE

OWNE LOCA DATE_AC GEN TYPE_OF_O SHAPE_ SHAPE
R TION QUIRED DER WNERSHIP ID Length _Area

CHINA
ZA 15TH PAR
EMMA SEPTEMB MAL CEL
NUEL FUTO ER 2024 E FREE LEASE 9 116.6 832.5

TABLE 4.2: PARCEL 10 DATABASE

OWNE LOCATI DATE_ACQU GEND TYPE_OF_OWN SHAPE_Le SHAPE_

R ON IRED ER ERSHIP ID ngth Area
OBIEFU 12TH
NA SEPTEMBER FEMA PARC
CHIKA FUTO 2024 LE FREE LEASE EL 10 116.6 832.5
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY

This study focused on the development of a GIS-based land information system, emphasizing
efficient spatial data collection, processing, and management. Objectives included collecting
field data, obtaining satellite imagery, digitizing spatial features, and creating a geodatabase.
These tasks were completed using tools such as Arcmap 10.8 and AutoCAD 2021, resulting in a
wellorganized system that integrates roads, buildings, and their attributes. The final outputs
include detailed maps and a robust database for land management.
5.2 CONCLUSION

The project successfully demonstrated how GIS technology can enhance land information
systems. The geodatabase created provides a structured repository for spatial and attribute data,
improving decision-making, planning, and resource management. This approach highlights the
potential of
GIS in addressing land-related challenges in institutions like FUTO and beyond.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

The geodatabase should be regularly updated to maintain accuracy and relevance. Personnel
should be trained on the use of GIS tools for efficient land management. The system can be
expanded to include additional features such as land use patterns and ownership records. This
methodology should also be applied to larger-scale land information systems across the state for
broader impact.
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