The Effects of Outdated Technology on Students Academic Development
A Quantitative Research Presented to
The Faculty of the HOLY CHILD College of Davao, Davao City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for Grade 10 Level ENGLISH
Canizares, Seanan Reicy S.
Capulong, Alfredo Rey
Castillano, Chenelle
Dapitanon, Anne Gabrielle
Gaitano, Jared
Parcasio, Carl Steve Noel
April 15, 2024
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
In today's modernized world, students require technology for their academic
progress, but some schools continue to lack the most modern equipment that is crucial for
their education. Outdated software technology is a notion that includes out-of-use
hardware, software, programming languages, services, and procedures. In the academic
field, lack of financing is one of the main causes of outdated technology in schools;
maintenance costs, slow adoption rates, and other factors may prevent schools from
allocating enough money for updates to their equipment.
According to the Department of Pedagogical Sciences (2018), People believe that
technology is the foundation for economic prosperity. In today's environment, an economy
deficient in technology can never expand. This is a result of how much more efficient and
time-saving technology has made our work. Every subject conceivable is affected by
technology, and education is one of those fields. In educational settings, the traditional
learning environment has been gradually displaced by the integration of digital technology.
Teachers can use a wide range of technology tools and applications that are accessible
today in the classroom. Research has shown that integrating digital technology into
teaching and learning can improve academic achievement and increase the efficacy of
knowledge generation and distribution. However, the effects of digital technology will not
be as anticipated if it is not appropriately and methodically incorporated into teaching and
learning (Al-Abdullatif and Gameil 2021).
With the use of outdated technology, this may limit teachers' capacity to use
innovative methods and integrate digital materials into their lesson plans. This restriction
may lessen the variety of learning resources that students have access to and their exposure
to novel concepts and ideas. In addition, having to deal with sluggish or broken technology
can irritate students and educators alike. Technical problems can cause delays in the
delivery of lessons, disrupt classroom activities, and detract from the overall positive
learning environment. Without proper equipment, one runs the risk of falling behind as
technology changes at an unparalleled rate (Achimugu et al. 2010).
This research aims to show the outcomes, causes of outdated technology and how
high technology provide significance on students’ academic progress. On the report of Neil
Jayson Servallos (2023), The Philippines is listed as one of the nations with positive
"administrator attitudes" in the 2023 Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report of the
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) due to the
adoption and use of technology in basic education curriculum and school management.
Nonetheless, it was one of the nations where a lack of computers in classrooms was said to
be causing more disadvantaged students, particularly in rural areas. Within the context of
higher education, digital technology use is an essential component of the modern student
experience. In turn, relevant research has concentrated on how different digital
technologies can be used to facilitate, extend, and even enhance learning attainment and, as
a result, students' overall academic performance (Al-Abdullatif and Gameil 2021).
Understanding the effects of outdated technology on students' academic
achievement is essential for identifying areas for development, comprehending the
difficulties faced by educational institutions, and eventually raising the standard of
instruction for all students. Higher education now revolves around digital technology,
which has a direct impact on every aspect of the student experience (Bond et al. 2020).
Information use and distribution are happening at an unparalleled pace in the world. The
information technology business, together with education, is the most dynamic sector of
the economy (Achimugu et al. 2010).
Statement of the Problem
This study intends to impart the outcome of Outdated Technology in schools on
Students Academic Development. Specifically, it aims to answer the following
questions:
1.) What is the level of Outdated Technology on students?
1.1 Computer literacy
1.2 Learning Experience
2.) How will the use of technology benefit students?
1.1 Computer related skills
1.2 Access to Higher information
3.) Is there a significant relationship between Outdated Technology and the
Students’ Academic Development?
Hypothesis
The Outdated Technology presents in a lot of schools worldwide have a significant
relationship with the Academic Development of Students.
Significance of the Study
This seeks to enhance comprehension regarding the impacts of outdated technology
on students. Given the pivotal role of technology in academic growth in the current
era of technological advancement, this study aims to shed light on its effects.
This study is beneficial and essential for the following:
Teachers: Teachers play a crucial role in fostering students' academic development,
this study helps offer insights into how technology influences the learning abilities
and skills of their students.
Students: This study aims to give students a comprehensive insight into the
significance of technology in the 21st century and its impact on how it affects their
academic development.
Future Researchers: This study may be used as a reference data in conducting new
researches and for researchers who would plan the make any related study about
outdated technology and wish to improve the scope of the study.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will thoroughly examine the complex nature of outdated
technology faced by students specifically and its effect on their academic growth. As
students' exposure to digital technologies grows, schools are incorporating diverse
technological tools into classroom environments to enrich learning experiences.
However, disadvantaged groups, such as those attending public schools, often have
limited access to resources at home, own fewer personal devices and are less
connected to the internet. This study aims to address the challenges that certain
students face due to outdated technology. with the gathered information , it may offer
potential solutions to the issues they are encountering.
This study is conducted for students' both international and local which is the main
focus of this research. This study is not bound to go much further investigation of the
mental, emotional and physical effects of the students.
Theoretical Framework
In addition to 21st century curriculum, we also require 21st century
pedagogy. Our pedagogy—the way we teach—is both outdated and out of step with
modern needs, which is a major factor in why we struggle so much to boost test
scores and witness so many dropouts. The majority of classrooms continue to
utilize "telling," worksheets, and testing as their primary pedagogy, all of which
students almost universally complain about. Instead, today's students need to do
much more doing and hands-on participation in the learning process, such as
gathering information on their own and creating things that show their
understanding.(Prensky, 2011)
The fundamental idea of engagement theory is that valuable assignments and
meaningful interactions with peers are necessary for students to be meaningfully
engaged in learning activities. Although such involvement may theoretically
happen without technology, we think that technology can help in ways that would
be challenging to accomplish without it. Therefore, the purpose of engagement
theory is to serve as a conceptual framework for teaching and learning using
technology. It shares many similarities with other theoretical frameworks for
learning, even if it is not directly developed from them. For example, it aligns quite
well with constructivist techniques because of its emphasis on meaningful learning.
It is aligned with contextual learning theories since it emphasizes peer cooperation
and a community of learners. It is comparable to theories of adult learning in that it
emphasizes experience and self-directed learning. (Kearsley, 1997;
Shneiderman, 1994, 1998; Shneiderman et al., 1995).
Definition of Terms
The following definitions of certain terminology will help readers understand the
research better:
Outdated Technology. A concept that encompasses software, hardware, programming
languages, services, or practices that are no longer used. (K, 2024)
Modern Technology. Refers to the production and utilization of technological tools and
their interaction with society, the environment, and various domains of human activity.
(What Is the Definition of Modern Technology? | 5 Answers From Research Papers, n.d.)
Pedagogy. A term that refers to the method of how teachers teach, in theory and in
practice. (Pedagogy Definition and Meaning | Top Hat, 2022)
Constructivist. The theory that says learners construct knowledge rather than just
passively take in information. (Constructivism, 2024)
High Technology. Scientific technology involving the production or use of advanced or
sophisticated devices especially in the fields of electronics and computers. (High
Technology, 2024)
Educational Technology. The field of study that investigates the process of analyzing,
designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating the instructional environment,
learning materials, learners, and the learning process in order to improve teaching and
learning. (What Is Educational Technology - School of Education - Loyola Maryland, n.d.)
CHAPTER 2 : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Abstract:
In the dynamic realm of modern education, technology stands as a pivotal tool
shaping students' learning journeys. This review explores the impact of outdated
technology on students' learning outcomes and experiences in modern education. It
analyzes existing literature, proposes strategic interventions, and offers recommendations
for promoting technological modernization. The aim is to ensure equitable access to
cutting-edge resources and maximize educational potential for all learners.
Evolution of Educational Technology and Its Impact on Students' Academic
Development:
According to Chandrababu Nindu (1999), educational technology has changed the
way we teach and learn, offering new tools and resources to make education better. But,
many schools still use old technology, which can cause problems for students' learning.
When technology is outdated, like old computers or software that doesn't work well, it can
make it harder for students to understand their lessons and do well in school.
Students may struggle to engage with their lessons because of outdated technology, which
can hold them back academically (Workplace Insight, 2020). Additionally, some students
may not have access to modern technology at home, creating a gap between those who
have it and those who don't. This digital divide makes it even harder for students from
disadvantaged backgrounds to succeed in school.
To fix these problems, schools need to update their technology and make sure all students
have access to it. By investing in better computers, software, and internet access, schools
can create a better learning environment for everyone. This way, students can focus on
learning and have the tools they need to succeed in school and beyond.
Impact on Academic Performance:
Outdated technology can make learning harder for students and affect how well
they do in school (Forbes, 2017). When technology is old, it might be harder for students to
understand their lessons because they have to work harder to use it. This can lead to lower
grades because they might not remember things as well or feel as interested in learning.
Also, old technology might not let students access important resources they need for their
studies, like online books or research tools. This makes it even harder for them to do well
in school.
To help students succeed, it's important to update technology in schools. By
getting newer technology and making sure students have easy access to it, schools can
make learning easier and more enjoyable for everyone. This way, students can focus better,
understand their lessons more, and have the resources they need to do their best in school.
Implications for Student Engagement Due to Outdated Technology:
When schools use old technology, it can make it harder for students to stay
interested and engaged in their lessons (University of Washington, 2011). Outdated tools
might not work well or be exciting to use, which can make students feel less motivated to
participate in classroom activities. This lack of engagement can lead to students feeling
bored or disconnected from their learning, which can affect how well they do in school.
Moreover, if teachers don't know how to use outdated technology effectively, it
can limit their ability to make lessons interesting and interactive (Andrew Tate, 2022).
When technology doesn't work smoothly or isn't integrated well into teaching, it becomes
harder for teachers to create dynamic learning environments. This means students might
miss out on opportunities to explore topics in fun and creative ways, which could impact
their overall academic development.
In essence, the effects of outdated technology on students' academic development
go beyond just the tools themselves. It's about how these tools affect students' engagement
and participation in learning. By ensuring that technology in schools is up-to-date and
properly integrated into teaching practices, educators can create more engaging and
enriching learning experiences for all students.
Challenges in Access and Equity Due to Outdated Technology:
Having old technology in schools can make it harder for some students to get the
resources they need for learning (The Guardian, 2018). This means that students who
already have less access to educational opportunities, like those from low-income families
or marginalized communities, might face even more obstacles. When schools don't have
up-to-date technology, it can widen the gap between students who have access to modern
tools and those who don't.
For students from low-income backgrounds or marginalized communities, the lack
of access to modern technology can make it harder to keep up with their peers. They might
not have the same opportunities to use computers or access online resources for learning.
This makes it even tougher for them to succeed in school, creating unfair disadvantages
that can hold them back academically (George Couros, 2013).
To tackle these challenges, it's crucial for schools to update their technology and
make sure all students have equal access to it. By closing the gap in access to modern tools,
educators can create a more equitable learning environment where every student can thrive
and succeed.
Strategies for Addressing Technological Obsolescence and Enhancing Student
Learning:
To tackle the challenges posed by outdated technology in education, several strategies can
be implemented:
Investment in Technological Infrastructure: Educational institutions must prioritize
investing in updated hardware and software (Laura Wilson, 2019). By upgrading
computers, software systems, and digital resources, schools can ensure that students have
access to modern tools for learning. This investment is crucial in mitigating the negative
effects of outdated technology on students' academic development.
Professional Development Initiatives: Comprehensive training and professional
development programs should be provided to educators to enhance their proficiency in
utilizing modern educational technologies (William Haddix, 2012). By offering workshops,
seminars, and ongoing support, educators can gain the skills and confidence needed to
effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices, fostering more engaging and
interactive learning environments.
Innovative Teaching Practices: Educators should explore innovative teaching practices
that leverage technology to create dynamic and engaging learning experiences (David
Salls, 2020). By incorporating multimedia elements, interactive simulations, and online
collaboration tools into their lessons, teachers can enhance student engagement and
facilitate personalized learning pathways. Embracing innovative teaching practices not
only makes learning more enjoyable but also empowers students to become active
participants in their educational journey.
Collaborative Efforts: Stakeholders in education, including schools, policymakers, and
industry partners, should collaborate to promote technological modernization and bridge
the digital divide. By working together, they can pool resources, share best practices, and
advocate for policies that prioritize equitable access to technology for all students.
Collaborative efforts are essential for ensuring that no student is left behind and that all
learners can thrive in the digital age.
By implementing these strategies, educators can address the challenges of technological
obsolescence and create a more inclusive and innovative learning environment for students.
Through investment in updated technology, ongoing professional development, innovative
teaching practices, and collaborative efforts, we can empower students to succeed in school
and beyond.
References:
Achimugu, P., Oluwagbemi, O., & Oluwaranti, A. (2014, November 14). An Evaluation of
the Impact of ICT Diffusion in Nigeria’s Higher Educational Institutions.
ResearchGate.net.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267250476_An_Evaluation_of_the_Impact_of_I
CT_Diffusion_in_Nigeria%27s_Higher_Educational_Institutions
Al-Abdullatif, A. M., & Gameil, A. A. (2021, June 5). The Effect of Digital Technology
Integration on Students’ Academic Performance through Project-Based Learning in an E-
learning Environment. ResearchGate.net.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352134319_The_Effect_of_Digital_Technology_
Integration_on_Students’_Academic_Performance_through_Project-
Based_Learning_in_an_E-learning_Environment
Bond, M., Buntins, K., Bedenlier, S., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020, January
22). Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher
education: a systematic evidence map. Springer Link.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41239-019-0176-8?
fbclid=IwAR2ejQjmhqA4rdSIc_6KtQisyiBOPgZn85ReKvVThgICrrTVaLd252TQDk8
Constructivism. (2024, March 5). Office of Curriculum, Assessment and Teaching
Transformation - University at Buffalo.
https://www.buffalo.edu/catt/teach/develop/theory/constructivism.html#:~:text=Constructi
vism%20is%20the%20theory%20that,-existing%20knowledge%20(schemas).
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., and Freeman, A. (2014). NMC Horizon
Report: 2014 K-12 Edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium. (Link:
https://www.learntechlib.org/p/166502/)
K, P. (2024, January 20). List and Risks of Outdated Software Technologies in 2022 |
ModLogix. Application Modernization. https://modlogix.com/blog/3-main-threats-
resulting-from-outdated-technology/#:~:text=Outdated%20software%20technology
%20(legacy%20or,using%20technology%20that%20is%20obsolete.
Kearsley, G., & Shneiderman, B. (1998). Engagement Theory: A Framework for
Technology-Based Teaching and Learning. Educational Technology, 38(5), 20–23.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/44428478
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). High technology. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved
April 10, 2024, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/high%20technology
OECD. (2015). Students, Computers and Learning: Making the Connection. Paris: OECD
Publishing. (Link: https://www.oecd.org/education/students-computers-and-learning-
979264239555-en.htm)
Pedagogy Definition and Meaning | Top Hat. (2022, November 24). Top Hat.
https://tophat.com/glossary/p/pedagogy/#:~:text=Pedagogy%2C%20pronounced%20“peh-
duh,and%20different%20ways%20to%20learn.
Prensky, M. (2011). Needed in Our Schools: 21st Century Pedagogy and Curriculum.
Educational Technology, 51(3), 64–64. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44430016
Raja, R., & Nagasubramani, P. C. (2018, April 21). Impact of modern technology in
education. Google Scholar.
https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63887921/Impact_of_modern_technology_in_educat
ion20200710-27957-jsmaeg-libre.pdf?1594438050=&response-content-disposition=inline
%3B+filename
%3DImpact_of_modern_technology_in_education.pdf&Expires=1712756833&Signature=
W5bguGSMUYECnA0rRyYo-aLZq0Uj~C55npy5AzBMeASWSUsiqq-
nSCI8R2X2FAWchsi88WXmwFya6aC~dMtSgFm5CfDSt3oCGU4xqfp~orjMfUTld-
oC6nrNdc6Jpikl3dosT-
xit3atSyc6PRjFVd2hTSp8hJzOKpupbSkoyEK7~mv8GuJJuPvYAay5LMEQ6Pm~C-
Uz3ECv~TQfwRnT1afHfEqP7YoLIG7TG1ZMILWBV4LJLODghrGYGb3InOc1cVfVlA
-
zOzCmEfQ0fM4Lmje3R30l1uei3636PKxY8ijhZHnmLEicn8h3~H9daAigfnVbcacVUZk
QELLVFbGb2g__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
Servallos, N. J. (2023, December 13). UNESCO: Philippines still lacking in computers for
students’ learning. Philstar.com.
Warschauer, M. (2004). Technology and Social Inclusion: Rethinking the Digital Divide.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. (Link: https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/technology-
and-social-inclusion)
What is Educational Technology - School of Education - Loyola Maryland. (n.d.).
https://www.loyola.edu/school-education/blog/2021/what-is-educational-
technology#:~:text=Educational%20Technology%20is%20the%20field,to%20improve
%20teaching%20and%20learning.
What is the definition of modern technology? | 5 Answers from Research papers. (n.d.).
SciSpace - Question. https://typeset.io/questions/what-is-the-definition-of-modern-
technology-1upr6rlt6r
