Scribd
Upload
12 views4 pages

AC Fan Speed Control Using Lot

This document outlines an IoT-based system for remotely controlling AC fan speed using a microcontroller and wireless communication, enhancing convenience and energy efficiency. The system includes components such as a TRIAC-based power control circuit, temperature sensors, and a mobile app for user interaction. While it offers advantages like automation and scalability, it also presents challenges such as dependence on Wi-Fi and potential security risks.

Uploaded by

Subrat Kabi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views4 pages

AC Fan Speed Control Using Lot

This document outlines an IoT-based system for remotely controlling AC fan speed using a microcontroller and wireless communication, enhancing convenience and energy efficiency. The system includes components such as a TRIAC-based power control circuit, temperature sensors, and a mobile app for user interaction. While it offers advantages like automation and scalability, it also presents challenges such as dependence on Wi-Fi and potential security risks.

Uploaded by

Subrat Kabi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Abstract: AC Fan Speed Control Using IoT

In this project, an IoT-based system is designed to control the speed of an AC fan remotely
using a microcontroller and a wireless communication module. Traditional fan speed control
relies on manual regulators or switches, which can be inefficient and inconvenient. By
integrating IoT, users can adjust the fan speed via a smartphone app or web interface from
anywhere.

The system consists of a microcontroller (such as ESP8266, ESP32, or Arduino), a TRIAC-


based power control circuit, and a temperature or humidity sensor for automation. A mobile
application or a web-based dashboard allows users to set the desired speed remotely.
Additionally, the system can incorporate automation features based on real-time temperature
data, optimizing energy consumption and enhancing user comfort.

This project presents an IoT-based AC fan speed control system, enabling users to regulate
fan speed remotely via a smartphone or web interface. Traditional fan speed control
mechanisms rely on manual regulators, which are less efficient and lack remote accessibility.
By integrating IoT, this system offers real-time monitoring, automation, and energy
optimization.

The system comprises a microcontroller (ESP8266/ESP32/Arduino), a TRIAC-based


power control circuit, a zero-crossing detector (ZCD), and a temperature sensor
(DHT11/DHT22 or LM35). The fan speed is controlled using phase angle modulation,
where the microcontroller adjusts the TRIAC firing angle based on user input or temperature
variations. A Wi-Fi-enabled cloud platform (such as Blynk, MQTT, or Firebase) allows
remote control and data logging.

Additionally, the system can operate in an automatic mode, where fan speed adjusts
dynamically based on ambient temperature, reducing energy consumption and enhancing user
comfort. Security features such as AES encryption and MQTT authentication ensure
secure communication.

This smart AC fan controller is ideal for smart homes, offices, and industrial applications,
offering improved efficiency, convenience, and sustainability. Future enhancements may
include AI-based adaptive speed control, voice command integration, and solar-powered
operation.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Block Diagram

The system consists of multiple functional blocks:

1. Power Supply:
o Converts AC 230V to 5V DC for the microcontroller.
o Uses transformer, rectifier, voltage regulator (7805).
2. Microcontroller (ESP8266 / ESP32 / Arduino):
o Processes user input from IoT cloud or mobile app.
o Reads temperature sensor data.
o Controls TRIAC triggering for fan speed control.
3. Zero-Crossing Detector (ZCD):
o Detects AC zero crossings and synchronizes phase control timing.
o Uses Optocoupler (PC817) & LM393 comparator.
4. TRIAC & Optocoupler (MOC3021):
o Controls AC fan speed using phase angle control.
o Ensures isolation between low voltage and AC supply.
5. Temperature Sensor (DHT11 / LM35):
o Measures ambient temperature.
o Sends data to microcontroller for automatic speed adjustment.
6. Wi-Fi IoT Module:
o Communicates with cloud platforms (Blynk, Firebase, MQTT).
o Enables remote fan speed control via smartphone/web app.
7. Mobile App / Cloud Dashboard:
o Displays real-time fan speed & temperature.
o Allows users to adjust fan speed remotely.
COMPONENTS VSED

1. Microcontroller
2. Triac (BT136/BT139) & Diac (DB3)
3. Optocoupler (MOC3021)
4. Zero Crossing Detector (ZCD) using IC LM393
5. Temperature & Humidity Sensor (DHT11/DHT22 or LM35)
6. Relay Module
7. Push Buttons & LCD Display (Optional)
8. Wi-Fi Router
9. AC Fan (Ceiling/Table fan)

Advantages and Disadv

✅ Advantages

1. Remote Control & Convenience

 Allows users to control fan speed from anywhere using a smartphone or web interface.
 Eliminates the need for manual fan regulators.

2. Energy Efficiency & Cost Savings

 Uses phase angle control, reducing power wastage compared to traditional resistive
regulators.
 Automatic temperature-based speed control ensures optimal fan operation, saving
electricity.

3. Smart Automation & Adaptability

 Fan speed adjusts dynamically based on real-time temperature or humidity.


 Can be integrated with voice assistants (Alexa, Google Assistant) for hands-free operation.

4. IoT-Based Monitoring & Data Logging

 Tracks power consumption and temperature variations over time.


 Provides real-time notifications and alerts via cloud-based dashboards (e.g., Blynk,
Firebase).

5. Safety & Isolation

 Uses opto-isolated TRIAC circuits, preventing direct contact with high-voltage AC circuits.
 Provides fail-safe mechanisms, ensuring continued operation even if the Wi-Fi connection
drops.

6. Scalability & Integration


 Can be extended to control multiple fans in a home or industrial setup.
 Easily integrates with smart home systems and renewable energy sources (solar power).

❌ Disadvantages

1. Dependence on Wi-Fi & Internet

 Requires a stable internet connection for remote operation.


 If Wi-Fi fails, the system must have a manual override option.

2. Initial Setup Cost & Complexity

 Involves purchasing a microcontroller (ESP8266/ESP32), sensors, TRIAC, and Wi-Fi modules.


 More complex to set up compared to traditional fan regulators.

3. Latency Issues

 Small delays (100-200ms) can occur in speed adjustments due to cloud communication.
 MQTT-based control is faster than HTTP APIs but still has minor delays.

4. Security Risks

 IoT devices are vulnerable to hacking if not secured properly.


 Requires AES encryption, SSL, and MQTT authentication to prevent cyber-attacks.

5. Compatibility Issues

 Not all AC fans support TRIAC-based control (some fans use capacitor-based speed
regulation).
 Older fans may not work efficiently with phase-cutting techniques.

6. Potential TRIAC Heating Issues

 TRIAC components may heat up at low fan speeds, requiring heat sinks for thermal
management.
 Without a snubber circuit, high inductive loads (like ceiling fans) can cause voltage spikes.

You might also like