GRADE 10 LESSONS
electronics – QUARTER 1
M2: Circuit or Schematic Diagrams
Symbols: represent the physical components
Lines: represent electrical conductors or wires
TAKE NOTE!
It is important to be familiarize with schematic symbol of a
component and how components are connected together in
the circuit
Good schematics show you the circuit, Bad schematics make
you interpret them!
How to read Circuit Diagrams?
GENERAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM RULES:
1. What are all those symbols?
1) Wires/lines in circuit diagrams 2. How each parts connected?
Horizontal or vertical a. Physical parts are connected by wires (black
Diagonal can be used at 45 degrees lines)
2) Component Symbols 3. What about Polarity?
Placed horizontally/vertically a. Polarized – one side is positive and the other
3) Circuit Diagrams is negative (means you have to attach it in a
Drawn as simply and neatly proper way)
4) Lines connecting components
Shielded/insulated wires with only the ends
are bare conductors for electrical connection TRACING SCHEMATICS/TRACING CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
5) When lines cross each other in a circuit diagram Relating a circuit schematic diagram to its physical electronic
Two shielded/insulated wires crossing layout
If there’s no visible node where the wires Essential when fault finding or troubleshooting
intersect To do this, recognize components and its values and
6) Three lines interconnecting with a node at a point at its circuit symbols
the intersection
Sample Component: light and bulb
3 wires are electrically connected
7) Two wires cross each other with a node at the
interconnecting of the crossing point
Wires are electrically connected
CONNECTION
Circuit Diagram: illustration where wires and other conductors
do not interfere
Connection: can be a wire, copper trace, plug-socket
connection, a metal chassis Sample Circuit: Bulb connected in battery through a wire
Lines: presents connections
Schematics separate unconnected paths and junctions where
lines crossing designated a share location.
Schematics: uses special symbols to show connections to Schematic Diagram – primary drawing of the electronics and
different types of power and ground communications in a circuit
Power connections: commonly shown without any symbol, just Like a map of where to build and troubleshoot in a
a label showing the type of voltage circuit
Diagram that shows the functions and connection of a
(vt), (5V), (12V), (120VAC)
circuit by means of graphical symbols
COMPONENTS
Block Diagram – used to design new system or enhance
Formal Schematics: label the components with a prefic or existing ones
parts designator code made up of letters and numbers.
Consist of a single or combination block
GRADE 10 LESSONS
electronics – QUARTER 1 Electrostatic drainage
o Proper grounding in equipment can bypass
the path of this discharge current, taking it
Wire diagrams – graphical/visual representation of the
away from sensitive components
physical connections and physical layout of an electrical circuit
EMI or electromagnetic interference control
Shows how the electrical wires are connected o Shielfs need to be connected to
Wiring Diagrams – show where the wires should be located in ground/earth as EMI currents induced in the
the actual device and the physical connections between all the shield need a path to dissipate to ground
componenets
Difference between Earthing and Grounding
Earthing: proves of Grounding: main live wire is
How to use a wiring diagram? protecting against connected to a power supply
unnecessary spikes of to power an appliance,
- Used to show the components of the circuit as electricity that can cause however, the other portion of
simplified shapes damage to life and property the wire is led under the
- Useful in fault finding or trouble shooting - If no earth ground, earth
Example: When repairing a broken amplifier, confirm the current flows - Done in case of an
location of the electrical component using the wiring diagram. directly to human accidental cut in
(Wiring diagram avoid costly mistakes) body the circuit, to avoid
overloading and
other dangerous
side effects
Key Difference
Earthing – protect human Grounding – protect the
being from electric shock entire power system from
crashing
“Difference between Wiring and Pictorial Diagram” THINGS TO REMEMBER
Wiring Diagram Pictorial Diagram Wire – single electrical conductor covered with insulation
Uses abstract or simplified Photos with labels or highly Wire or wire joint – connects a device to another via wire
shapes and lines to show detailed drawing of the
electrical components physical components AC (alternating current) Supply – current flows in alternation
Transformer – transfers electrical energy between circuits, can
STANDARD WRITING DIAGRAM step up or down voltage
o A line touching another line has a black dot – means Fuse – will break the circuit if excessive current flows to
lines are connected eliminate damage to other devices
o A line hop (no fill) – when unconnected lines are - Protects by melting when current exceeds the limit
crossing DC Supply – device with one-directional flow of electrons
IN WIRING DIAGRAM: Battery – collection of one or more cells whose chemical
o Most symbols look like abstract versions of the real reactions create a flow of electrons in a circuit
objects they represent Battery Cell – pushes the electrical energy from positive
IN MAKING/READING SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM terminal round to the negative terminal
o Consider the electronic components to be used and - Provides the EMF that drives current from positive to
its electromagnetic compatibility or its ground negative
Ground – device that is identified as ground terminal and
What is Electrical Grounding? represents 0 volt (reference point in a circuit)
It is classified as a connection between an electrical circuit and Variable capacitor – used in a timer circuit with the use of a
resistor (used in RC timing circuits)
earth or to some conducting body that serves in place of earth.
Toggle Switch – stops the flow of current when open
To protect your appliances, your home and everyone
in it from the surges of electricity Push button Switch – shortly allows current flow when button is
This is making objects neutral or uncharged pushed in, breaks current when released
PURPOSE OF GROUNDING/EARTHING IN ELECTRONICS - Momentary switch only allows while pressed
Circuit Breaker – used to protect against electrical overload
Preventing shock hazards
o Exists when equipment enclosure/chassis, Capacitor – used to store electric charge in appliances
by virtue of a fault or otherwise, is not Ground Wire – wire that is connected to earth thru another
connected to the ground grounded conductor
Power fault Clear-out Inductor – coil that generates a magnetic field
o When insulation or covering is damaged due
Antenna – transmit and receives radio waves
to aging or environmental contaminants
o Protection against lightning hazard Lamp/bulb – generates light when current flows through
o Essential for draining severe lightning Diode – allows current to flow in one direction indicated by an
currents to ground (life threatening) arrow head or triangle on the wire
