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100% found this document useful (2 votes)
36 views55 pages

(Ebook PDF) Structural Analysis, SI Edition 6th Edition Instant Download

The document is a promotional material for various eBook editions of 'Structural Analysis' by different authors, including Aslam Kassimali and Russell C. Hibbeler. It provides links to download multiple versions of the book, including the 6th and 10th SI editions, along with other related texts. Additionally, it outlines the structure and content of the book, emphasizing its focus on the principles of structural analysis and the analysis of statically determinate and indeterminate structures.

Uploaded by

pkxophy7057
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© © All Rights Reserved
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IN MEMORY OF AMI AND APAJAN

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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Contents

Preface xiii
Preface to the SI Edition xvi
About the Author xvii
Digital Resources xviii

Part 1 Introduction to Structural Analysis and Loads  1

1 Introduction to Structural Analysis 3

1.1 Historical Background 3


1.2 Role of Structural Analysis in Structural Engineering Projects 5
1.3 Classification of Structures 7
1.4 Analytical Models 12
Summary 16

2 Loads on Structures 17

2.1 Structural Systems for Transmitting Loads 18


2.2 Dead Loads 29
2.3 Live Loads 31
2.4 Classification of Buildings for Environmental Loads 34
2.5 Wind Loads 35
2.6 Snow Loads 41
2.7 Earthquake Loads 44
2.8 Hydrostatic and Soil Pressures 45
2.9 Thermal and Other Effects 45
2.10 Load Combinations 46
Summary 46
Problems 48

vii

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viii  Contents

Part 2 Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures  51

3 Equilibrium and Support Reactions 53

3.1 Equilibrium of Structures 53


3.2 External and Internal Forces 56
3.3 Types of Supports for Plane Structures 56
3.4 Static Determinacy, Indeterminacy, and Instability 58
3.5 Computation of Reactions 69
3.6 Principle of Superposition 85
3.7 Reactions of Simply Supported Structures Using
Proportions 86
Summary 88
Problems 89

4 Plane and Space Trusses 97

4.1 Assumptions for Analysis of Trusses 99


4.2 Arrangement of Members of Plane Trusses—Internal
Stability 103
4.3 Equations of Condition for Plane Trusses 107
4.4 Static Determinacy, Indeterminacy, and Instability of Plane
Trusses 107
4.5 Analysis of Plane Trusses by the Method of Joints 113
4.6 Analysis of Plane Trusses by the Method of Sections 126
4.7 Analysis of Compound Trusses 132
4.8 Complex Trusses 137
4.9 Space Trusses 138
Summary 147
Problems 148

5 Beams and Frames: Shear and Bending Moment 161

5.1 Axial Force, Shear, and Bending Moment 161


5.2 Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams 168
5.3 Qualitative Deflected Shapes 172
5.4 Relationships between Loads, Shears, and Bending Moments 173
5.5 Static Determinacy, Indeterminacy, and Instability of Plane
Frames 192
5.6 Analysis of Plane Frames 200
Summary 213
Problems 215

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Contents  ix

6 Deflections of Beams: Geometric Methods 224

6.1 Differential Equation for Beam Deflection 225


6.2 Direct Integration Method 227
6.3 Superposition Method 231
6.4 Moment-Area Method 231
6.5 Bending Moment Diagrams by Parts 243
6.6 Conjugate-Beam Method 247
Summary 262
Problems 262

7 Deflections of Trusses, Beams, and Frames: Work–Energy Methods 268

7.1 Work 268


7.2 Principle of Virtual Work 270
7.3 Deflections of Trusses by the Virtual Work Method 274
7.4 Deflections of Beams by the Virtual Work Method 283
7.5 Deflections of Frames by the Virtual Work Method 295
7.6 Conservation of Energy and Strain Energy 306
7.7 Castigliano’s Second Theorem 309
7.8 Betti’s Law and Maxwell’s Law of Reciprocal Deflections 317
Summary 319
Problems 320

8 Influence Lines 329

8.1 Influence Lines for Beams and Frames by Equilibrium


Method 330
8.2 Müller-Breslau’s Principle and Qualitative Influence Lines 344
8.3 Influence Lines for Girders with Floor Systems 356
8.4 Influence Lines for Trusses 366
8.5 Influence Lines for Deflections 377
Summary 380
Problems 380

9 Application of Influence Lines 387

9.1 Response at a Particular Location Due to a Single Moving Concen-


trated Load 387
9.2 Response at a Particular Location Due to a Uniformly Distributed
Live Load 389

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x  Contents

9.3 Response at a Particular Location Due to a Series of Moving


Concentrated Loads 393
9.4 Absolute Maximum Response 400
Summary 405
Problems 406

10 Analysis of Symmetric Structures 408

10.1 Symmetric Structures 408


10.2 Symmetric and Antisymmetric Components of Loadings 414
10.3 Behavior of Symmetric Structures under Symmetric
and Antisymmetric Loadings 424
10.4 Procedure for Analysis of Symmetric Structures 428
Summary 435
Problems 436

Part 3 Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures  439

11 Introduction to Statically Indeterminate Structures 441

11.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Indeterminate Structures 442


11.2 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures 445
Summary 449

12 Approximate Analysis of Rectangular Building Frames 450

12.1 Assumptions for Approximate Analysis 451


12.2 Analysis for Vertical Loads 454
12.3 Analysis for Lateral Loads—Portal Method 458
12.4 Analysis for Lateral Loads—Cantilever Method 473
Summary 480
Problems 480

13 Method of Consistent Deformations—Force Method 483

13.1 Structures with a Single Degree of Indeterminacy 484


13.2 Internal Forces and Moments as Redundants 504
13.3 Structures with Multiple Degrees of Indeterminacy 515
13.4 Support Settlements, Temperature Changes, and Fabrication
Errors 537
13.5 Method of Least Work 545
Summary 551
Problems 552

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Contents  xi

14 Influence Lines for Statically Indeterminate Structures 559

14.1 Influence Lines for Beams and Trusses 560


14.2 Qualitative Influence Lines by Müller-Breslau’s Principle 575
Summary 579
Problems 580

15 Slope-Deflection Method 583

15.1 Slope-Deflection Equations 584


15.2 Basic Concept of the Slope-Deflection Method 591
15.3 Analysis of Continuous Beams 598
15.4 Analysis of Frames without Sidesway 617
15.5 Analysis of Frames with Sidesway 625
Summary 643
Problems 643

16 Moment-Distribution Method 648

16.1 Definitions and Terminology 649


16.2 Basic Concept of the Moment-Distribution Method 657
16.3 Analysis of Continuous Beams 665
16.4 Analysis of Frames without Sidesway 678
16.5 Analysis of Frames with Sidesway 681
Summary 696
Problems 697

17 Introduction to Matrix Structural Analysis 702

17.1 Analytical Model 703


17.2 Member Stiffness Relations in Local Coordinates 707
17.3 Coordinate Transformations 714
17.4 Member Stiffness Relations in Global Coordinates 719
17.5 Structure Stiffness Relations 721
17.6 Procedure for Analysis 728
Summary 745
Problems 745

APPENDIX A Areas and Centroids of Geometric Shapes 747

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xii  Contents

APPENDIX B Review of Matrix Algebra 749

B.1 Definition of a Matrix 749


B.2 Types of Matrices 750
B.3 Matrix Operations 752
B.4 Solution of Simultaneous Equations by the Gauss-Jordan
Method 758
Problems 762

APPENDIX C Computer Software 763

C.1 Starting the Computer Software 763


C.2 Inputting Data 763
C.3 Results of the Analysis 769
Problems 774

APPENDIX D Three-Moment Equation 775

D.1 Derivation of Three-Moment Equation 775


D.2 Application of Three-Moment Equation 780
Summary 786
Problems 787

Bibliography 789
Answers to Selected Problems 791
Index 799

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Preface

The objective of this book is to develop an understanding of the basic


principles of structural analysis. Emphasizing the intuitive classical approach,
­Structural Analysis covers the analysis of statically determinate and
indeterminate beams, trusses, and rigid frames. It also presents an introduction
to the matrix analysis of structures.
The book is divided into three parts. Part One presents a general intro-
duction to the subject of structural engineering. It includes a chapter devoted
entirely to the topic of loads because attention to this important topic is gen-
erally lacking in many civil engineering curricula. Part Two, consisting of
­Chapters 3 through 10, covers the analysis of statically determinate beams,
trusses, and rigid frames. The chapters on deflections (Chapters 6 and 7) are
placed before those on influence lines (Chapters 8 and 9) so that influence
lines for deflections can be included in the latter chapters. This part also con-
tains a chapter on the analysis of symmetric structures (Chapter 10). Part Three
of the book, Chapters 11 through 17, covers the analysis of statically indeter-
minate structures. The format of the book is flexible to enable instructors to
emphasize topics that are consistent with the goals of the course.
Each chapter of the book begins with an introductory section defining its
objective and ends with a summary section outlining its salient features. An
important general feature of the book is the inclusion of step-by-step proce-
dures for analysis to enable students to make an easier transition from theory
to problem solving. Numerous solved examples are provided to illustrate the
application of the fundamental concepts.
A computer program for analyzing plane framed structures is available
on the publisher’s website at https://login.cengage.com. It is also available at
https://www.cengage.com/engineering/kassimali/software. This interactive
software can be used to simulate a variety of structural and loading configura-
tions and to determine cause versus effect relationships between loading and
various structural parameters, thereby enhancing the students’ understanding
of the behavior of structures. The software shows deflected shapes of structures
to enhance students’ understanding of structural response due to various types
of loadings. It can also include the effects of support settlements, temperature
changes, and fabrication errors in the analysis. A solutions manual, containing
complete solutions to over 600 text exercises, is also available for the instructor.

xiii

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xiv  Preface

New to the Sixth Edition


Building upon the original theme of this book, which is that detailed explanations
of concepts provide the most effective means of teaching structural analysis, the
following improvements and changes have been made in this sixth edition:
• Over 20 percent of the problems from the previous edition have been
replaced with new ones.
• The chapter on loads has been revised to meet the provisions
of the ASCE/SEI 7-16 Standard and the latest AASHTO-LRFD
Specifications.
• The content of the chapter on the application of influence lines has
been updated to incorporate the current HL-93 truck/tandem loadings
as per AASHTO-LRFD Specifications.
• Throughout the book, there are numerous other revisions to enhance
clarity and reinforce concepts. These include several new and
upgraded examples in Chapters 3, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and in Appendix C,
as well as an expanded discussion of the analysis of plane frames via
classical versus matrix methods (Chapter 17).
• Some photographs have been replaced with new ones, and the page
layout has been redesigned to enhance clarity.
• Finally, the computer software has been upgraded and recompiled to
make it compatible with the latest versions of Microsoft Windows.

Ancillaries for the Sixth Edition


Worked-out solutions to all end-of-chapter problems are provided in the
Instructors Solutions Manual and are available digitally to registered instruc-
tors on the instructor resources web site. Image Banks containing every figure
in the book are also available at https://login.cengage.com. The computer pro-
gram for analyzing plane framed structures is available for both students and
instructors through either https://login.cengage.com or https://www.cengage
.com/engineering/kassimali/software.

Acknowledgments
I wish to express my thanks to Timothy Anderson, Mona Zeftel, and ­Alexander
Sham of Cengage Learning for their constant support and encouragement
throughout this project, and to Rose Kernan for all her help during the
production phase. The comments and suggestions for improvement from
colleagues and students who have used previous editions are gratefully
acknowledged. All of their suggestions were carefully considered, and
implemented whenever possible. Thanks are due to the following reviewers
for their careful reviews of the manuscripts of the various editions, and for
their constructive suggestions:

Ayo Abatan Osama Abudayyeh


Virginia Polytechnic Institute Western Michigan University
and State University Thomas T. Baber
Riyad S. Aboutaha University of Virginia
Syracuse University

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Preface  xv

Gordon B. Batson Eugene B. Loverich


Clarkson University Northern Arizona University
George E. Blandford Lee L. Lowery, Jr.
University of Kentucky Texas A&M University
Ramon F. Borges Eric M. Lui
Penn State/Altoona College Syracuse University
Kenneth E. Buttry L. D. Lutes
University of Wisconsin Texas A&M University
Steve C. S. Cai David Mazurek
Louisiana State University US Coast Guard Academy
William F. Carroll Ghyslaine McClure
University of Central Florida McGill University
Malcolm A. Cutchins Ahmad Namini
Auburn University University of Miami
Jack H. Emanuel Farhad Reza
University of Missouri—Rolla Minnesota State University, Mankato
Fouad Fanous Dominik Schillinger
Iowa State University University of Minnesota
Leon Feign Arturo E. Schultz
Fairfield University North Carolina State University
Robert Fleischman Jason Stewart
University of Notre Dame Arkansas State University
Ahmed Ibrahim Elaina J. Sutley
University of Idaho University of Kansas
Robert I. Johnson Kassim Tarhini
Colorado State University Valparaiso University
Changhong Ke Robert Taylor
SUNY, Binghamton Northeastern University
George Kostyrko Jale Tezcan
California State University Southern Illinois University
E. W. Larson C. C. Tung
California State University/ North Carolina State University
Northridge Nicholas Willems
Yue Li University of Kansas
Michigan Technological John Zachar
University Milwaukee School of Engineering
Roberto Lopez-Anido Mannocherh Zoghi
University of Maine University of Dayton

Finally, I would like to express my loving appreciation to my wife,


Maureen, for her constant encouragement and help in preparing this manu-
script, and to my sons, Jamil and Nadim, for their love, understanding, and
patience.

Aslam Kassimali

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Preface to the SI Edition

This edition of Structural Analysis has been adapted to incorporate the


International System of Units (Le Système International d’Unités or SI)
throughout the book.

Le Système International d’Unités


The United State Customary System (USCS) of units uses FPS (foot-pound-
second) units (also called English or Imperial units). SI units are primarily the
units of the MKS (meter-kilogram-second) system. However, CGS (centimeter-
gram-second) units are often accepted as SI units, especially in textbooks.

Using SI Units in this Book


In this book, we have used both MKS and CGS units. USCS units or FPS units
used in the US Edition of the book have been converted to SI units throughout
the text and problems. However, in the case of data sourced from handbooks,
government standards, and product manuals, it is not only extremely difficult
to convert all values to SI, it also encroaches on the intellectual property of
the source. Some data in figures, tables, example, and references, therefore,
may remain in FPS units.
To solve problems that require the use of sourced data, the sourced values
can be converted from FPS units to SI units before they are to be used in
a calculation. To obtain standardized quantities and manufacturers’ data in
SI units, readers may need to contact the appropriate government agencies or
authorities in their countriesyregions.

xvi

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
About the Author

Aslam Kassimali was born in Karachi, Pakistan. He received his Bachelor


of Engineering (B.E.) degree in civil engineering from the University of
Karachi (N.E.D. College) in Pakistan in 1969. In 1971, he earned a Master
of Engineering (M.E.) degree in civil engineering from Iowa State University
in Ames, Iowa, USA. After completing further studies and research at the
University of Missouri at Columbia in the USA, he received Master of Science
(M.S.) and Ph.D. degrees in civil engineering in 1974 and 1976, respectively.
His practical experience includes work as a Structural Design Engineer
for Lutz, Daily and Brain, Consulting Engineers, Shawnee Mission, Kansas
(USA), from January to July 1973, and as a Structural Engineering Specialist
and Analyst for Sargent & Lundy Engineers in Chicago, Illinois (USA) from
1978 to 1980. He joined Southern Illinois University—Carbondale (USA) as an
Assistant Professor in 1980, and was promoted to the rank of Professor in 1993.
Consistently recognized for teaching excellence, Dr. Kassimali has received
over 20 awards for outstanding teaching at Southern Illinois University—
Carbondale, and was awarded the title of Distinguished Teacher in 2004. He
is currently a Professor and Distinguished Teacher in the Department of Civil
& Environmental Engineering at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale,
Illinois (USA). He has authored and co-authored four textbooks on structural
analysis and mechanics, and has published a number of papers in the area of
nonlinear structural analysis.
Dr. Kassimali is a life member of the American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE) and has served on the ASCE Structural Division Committees on Shock
and Vibratory Effects, Special Structures, and Methods of Analysis.

xvii

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Digital Resources

Structural Analysis is also available with MindTap, Cengage’s digital learning


experience. Students who purchase the MindTap version will have access
to the book’s MindTap Reader and will be able to complete homework and
assessment material online, through their desktop, laptop, or iPad.
In MindTap, instructors can:
• Customize and personalize the Learning Path to match the course
syllabus by rearranging content, hiding sections, or appending
original material to the textbook content
• Connect a learning management system portal to the online course
• Annotate the text with notes and highlights, share content from the
MindTap Reader, and create custom flashcards to help students focus
and succeed
• Quickly and easily contact students directly
• Track student progress and comprehension with the Progress app
• Promote student engagement through interactivity and assessments
Additionally, students can listen to the text through ReadSpeaker, take
notes and highlight content for easy reference, and check their understanding
of the material.

The Cengage Mobile App


Available on iOS and Android smartphones, the Cengage Mobile App provides
convenience. Students can access their entire textbook anyplace and anytime.
They can take notes, highlight important passages, and have their text read
aloud whether they are online or off—with 24y7 course access and study tools
to power on-the-go learning.
To download the Cengage Mobile App, visit https://www.cengage.com/
mobile-app.

Cognero
Cengage Learning Testing Powered by Cognero is a full-featured, online
assessment system available to instructors. With the test generator, instructors
can create tests from publisher-provided question sets, edit publisher ques-
tions, create new questions, tag questions with learning objectives, and print
tests or deliver them online through a learning management system.
xviii

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Part One
Introduction to Structural
Analysis and Loads

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1
Introduction to Structural
Analysis
1.1 Historical Background
1.2 Role of Structural Analysis in Structural Engineering Projects
1.3 Classification of Structures
1.4 Analytical Models
Summary

Marina City District, Chicago


Hisham Ibrahim/Photographer’s Choice RF/Getty Images

Structural analysis is the prediction of the performance of a given structure


under prescribed loads andyor other external effects, such as support move-
ments and temperature changes. The performance characteristics commonly
of interest in the design of structures are (1) stresses or stress resultants, such
as axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments; (2) deflections; and
(3) support reactions. Thus, the analysis of a structure usually involves deter-
mination of these quantities as caused by a given loading condition. The objec-
tive of this text is to present the methods for the analysis of structures in static
equilibrium.
This chapter provides a general introduction to the subject of structural
analysis. We first give a brief historical background, including names of people
whose work is important in the field. Then we discuss the role of structural
analysis in structural engineering projects. We describe the five common types
of structures: tension and compression structures, trusses, and shear and bend-
ing structures. Finally, we consider the development of the simplified models
of real structures for the purpose of analysis.

1.1 Historical Background


Since the dawn of history, structural engineering has been an essential part
of human endeavor. However, it was not until about the middle of the seven-
teenth century that engineers began applying the knowledge of mechanics

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
4   CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Structural Analysis

(mathematics and science) in designing structures. Earlier engineering struc-


tures were designed by trial and error and by using rules of thumb based on past
experience. The fact that some of the magnificent structures from earlier eras,
such as Egyptian pyramids (about 3000 b.c.), Greek temples (500–200 b.c.),
Roman coliseums and aqueducts (200 b.c.–a.d. 200), and Gothic cathedrals
(a.d. 1000–1500), still stand today is a testimonial to the ingenuity of their
builders (Fig. 1.1).
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) is generally considered to be the origi-
nator of the theory of structures. In his book entitled Two New Sciences,
which was published in 1638, Galileo analyzed the failure of some simple
structures, including cantilever beams. Although Galileo’s predictions of
strengths of beams were only approximate, his work laid the foundation for
future developments in the theory of structures and ushered in a new era
of structural engineering, in which the analytical principles of mechanics
and strength of materials would have a major influence on the design of
structures.
Following Galileo’s pioneering work, the knowledge of structural
mechanics advanced at a rapid pace in the second half of the seventeenth
century and into the eighteenth century. Among the notable investigators of
that period were Robert Hooke (1635–1703), who developed the law of linear
relationships between the force and deformation of materials (Hooke’s law);
Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), who formulated the laws of motion and devel-
oped calculus; John Bernoulli (1667–1748), who formulated the principle
of virtual work; Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), who developed the theory of

FIG. 1.1 The Cathedral of Notre Dame in


Paris Was Completed in the Thirteenth
Century
Ritu Manoj Jethani/Shutterstock.com

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solüt-, 5, o release or pay in full. persona, ee, F., mask, character (in
a play), person. personatus, a, um, masked, assumed, fictitious.
persono, ui, it-, 1, o resound, make sound, cry aloud. i perspecte,
intelligently. perspecto, 1, /o look at or through. perspectus, a, um,
evident. perspergo, si, sum, 3, sprinkle, wet: perspicax,acis, sharp-
sighted, keen. perspicio, exi, ect-, 3, /ook or see through, examine,
ascertain. perspicue, clearly. perspicuus, a, um, /ransparent, clear,
manifest. : perspiro, r, breathe everywhere. persto, stiti, stat-, I,
stand fast. perstrepo, ui, it-, 5, resound. perstringo, nxi, ct-, 5, bind,
graze against, blunt, reprove, touch on.
142 persuadeo, si, sum, 2, persuade, convince, prevail on.
persuasio, Onis, F.; -sus, üs, M., persuasion, conviction. persulto, 1,
/eap or skip about. perteedet, i/ utterly wearies. pertego, xi, ct, 3,
cover thoroughly. pertendo, di, sum, 5, carry on, go forward.
pertento, 1, fry, test, seize. pertenuis, e, very thin or weak.
pertergeo, si, sum, 2, wipe, rub. perterreo, ui, it-, 1, terrify. pertexo,
xui, xt, 5, finish. pertica, ee, F., pole, staff. pertimesco, mui, 5, dread
greatly. pertinacia, ee, F., obstinacy, firmness, pertinacity.
pertinaciter, stubbornly. pertinax, acis, firm, unyielding. pertineo, ui,
2, reach, belong, apply. pertingo, 3, extend. pertractate, elaborately.
pertracto, r1, touch, handle. pertraho, xi, ct-, 3, drag, draw.
pertundo, tudi, tus, 3, beat, thrust through, perforate. perturbàtio,
onis, F., disturbance. perturbo, r, disturb, confuse. pertüsus, [tundo,]
pierced. perungo, unxi, unct-, 3, besmear. perüro, ussi, ust-, burn,
consume, inflame, parch with cold. pervado, si, sum, 3, pass
through, peruade, arrive. | pervagatus, a, um, wide-spread.
pervagor, r, roam through, pervade. perveho, xi, ct-, 3, carry
through. pervello, i, 3, tiwitch, rouse, revile. pervenio, veni, vent-, 4,
arrive. perverse, wrongly. perversus, a, um, awry, wrong. perverto,
ti, sum, 3, (urn awry, overthrow, ruin, corrupt. pervestigo, 1, track,
examine. perviam, accessible. pervicacia, ee, F., obstinacy. pervicax,
acis, firm, stubborn. pervideo, vidi, vis-, 2, examine, view.
pervigilium, i, M., night-watch. persuadeo — phala. pervigilo, 1, to
watch all night. pervinco, vici, vict-, 5, /horoughly conquer, prevail,
maintain. pervius, a, passable, pervious. pervolito, 1, /lit through.
pervolo, 1, //j about, dart through. pervolo, velle, volui, wish greatly.
pervorto—perverto, 3, turn awry. pervulgatus, a, um, very common,
well-known. pervulgo, ri, spread abroad, make common, haunt,
frequent. pes, pedis, M., foot; sheet (of sail). pessimus, a, um,
[malus,] vworse. pessulus, i, M. ; -um, i, N., bolt. pessum, (/o the
bottom; ixe, to perish ; dare, to ruin, undo. pestifer, era, um,
pestilential. pestilens,tis, norious, unwholesome. pestilentia, ee, F.,
plague, pestilence. pestis, is, F., plague, pest, destruction, ruin,
bane. petaso (io), onis, M., shoulder (of pork) petasus, i, M., broad-
brimmed cap. petaurum, i, N., s/age, spring-board. . petigo, inis, F.,
scab, eruption. petitio, Onis, F., attack, request, . soliciting of office.
petitor, Oris, M., seeker, plaintiff. peto, ivi, it-, 3, seek, aim at, attack,
ask, demand, sue for, solicit, fetch. 1 petra, ee, F., rock, cliff, crag.
petrosus, a, um, rocky. petulans, tis, pert, saucy, wanton. petulanter,
wantonly. petulantia, ee, F., impudence, pertnes$, wantonness.
petuülcus, a, um, apt to butt. tpeuce, es, F. pilch-pine. pexus, a, um,
woolly. Pheeacia—Corcytra ( ?). T pheenomenon, i, N., appearance.
Phaéthon, ontis, son of Helios (the Sun), and Clymeneé.
Pheethonteus (-tius) a, um, of Phaethon. Pheethontias (-tis), dis,
sister of Phaethon. phala—fala, scaffold.
phalanga, ee, F., pole, roller. phalanx, gis, F., solid square
(of troops), phalanx. halaris, tyrant of Agrigentum, about B.C. 550.
phaleree, arum, F., medal, decoration, ornament. tphallus,i, M., a
symbol of fertility. t phantasma, tis, M., apparition. 1 pharetra, ee, F.,
quiver. pharetratus, a, um, bearing the quiver. T pharmaceutria, ee,
F., sorceress. Pharnaces, k. of Pontus, defeated by Csesar, B.C. 46.
Pharsalus, i, F., a town in Thessaly, famous for the defeat of Pompey,
B.C. 48. Pharos, i; F, an island near Alexandria ; light-house.
tphaselus, i, q., £idney-bean. Phasianus (-acus), a, um; as, adis, of
the Phasis ; M., a pheasant. Phasis, idis (idos), M., a city and river in
Colchis. Pheneos,i, F., a town of Arcadia. Pheree, árum, a city of
Thessaly. Phidias, an Athenian sculptor, B.C. 4898-432. Phileeni,
orum, two Carthaginian brothers, buried alive on the Cyrenian
frontier. Philippi, orum, M. a city of Macedonia, where Brutus and
Cassius were defeated, B.C. 42. Philippus, i, k. of Macedonia, f. of
Alexander ; B.C. 382-336. [1 philo-, fond of. Philoctetes, e, a
companion of Hercules, who received his poisoned arrows. t
philologus, a, um, of learning or scholarship. Philomela, ee, F., sister
of Progne, changed to a nightingale. 1 philosophia, ee, F.,
philosophy. Tphilosophor, 1, pAilosophize. t philosophus, a, um,
philosophic ; M., philosopher. t philyra, ee, F., linden-bark. t phimus,
i, N., dice-boz. phalanga — Picti. 143 Phineus, ei (eos), myth. king of
Thrace, struck with blindness and tormented by the Harpies.
fPhlegethon, ontis, the fiery river of Hades. Phlegreeus, a, um, of
PhAlegra, in Macedonia, where the giants were struck with lightning.
1 phoca, ee (-6, 6s), F., seal, sea-dog. Phocaea, ee, a town of lonia,
mother-city of Massalia. Phocis, idis, F., a dist. of northern Greece.
Phoebe, es, — Diana, sister of Phoebus (the Moon). Phoebus, i, M.,
Apollo, the Sun. Phoenice, es, F., Phoenicia, Syria. Phoenissa, e, F., a
Phoenician woman. : Phoenix, pl., 1ces, PAhenician. 1 phoenix, icis,
M., phaniz, a fabulous bird. Phorcus, i; son of Neptune, a sea-god,
father of Medusa. tPhosphorus, i, M. (light-bringer), the Morning
Star. Phrixus, son of Athamas, borne to Colchis by the ram of the
golden fleece. Phrygés, um, the Phrygians. Phryegia, ee, F., the
central dist. of Asia Minor. Phrygius, a, um, PArygian, Trojan. Phthia,
e, a town of Thessaly, birthplace of Achilles. t phylacista ee, M.,
jailer, dun. t physicus, a, um, of science. 1 physis, is, F., nature.
piáabilis, e, expiable. piacularis, e, expiator y. piaculum, i, N., victim,
sin-offering, punishment, guilt, remedy. piamen, inis; -mentum, i, N.,
a atonement. pica, ee, F., magpie. picátus, a, um, pitchy. picea, ee,
F., pitch-pine. Picenum, i, N., dist. of E. Italy. piceus, a, um, pitch-
black. pico, 1, daub with pitch or tar. Picti, orum, people of N.
Britain.
144 pictor, Oris, M., painter. pictura, ee, F., painting, picture.
pictus, [pingo,] painted, colored. picus, i, M., woodpecker. Picus, i.
myth. son of Saturn, gr.father of Latinus. pie, piously, kindly.
Pieridés, um, r., //e Muses, daughters of Pieros, k. of Thessaly.
pietas, atis, F., sense of duty, piety, affection, tenderness. piger, gra,
um, grudging, dull, sad. piget, uit, 2, i! veres, annoys. pigmentum, i,
F., a color, dye. pignero, I, give in pledge, pawn. pigneror, 1, /ake as
pledge. pignus, óris, N., pledge, stake, token. pigre, backwardly,
sluggishly. pigritia, ee; -es, ei, F., indolence. pila, ee, F., pillar, mortar,
pier. pila (-ula), ee, rF., Pall. pilanus, a, um, of the third rank. pilatus,
a, um, close, dense ; armed with javelins. pileatus, a, um, capped,
bonneted. pilentum, i, N., carriage. pileus (-olus), i, M. ; -um,i, N.,
cap. pilo, 1, ram down, thrust. pilo, r, make bare, pillage. pilum, i, N.,
pounder ; heavy javelin. pilus, i, M., Aair. pilus, i, M., , rank of
infantry. Pimpleus, a, um, of Pimpla, a fount of Pieria ; F, (-6is, idos),
Muse. Tpinacotheca, ee, F., picture-gallery T pincerna, ee, M., cup-
bearer. Pindarus, i, a Theban lyric poet, B.C. 522-492. Pindus, i, M., a
mt. of Thessaly. pinétum, i, N., pine-wood Es grove. pineus, a, um,
of pine; F., pinecone; pinea moles, ship. pingo, nxi, ct-, 3, paint,
stain, embroider. pinguesco, 3, grow fat. pinguis, e, fat, rich, dull,
dense. pinguiter, fatly, stupidly. pinguitüdo, inis, r. , fatness. pinifer (-
ger), era, um , pine- bearing. pinna (-ula), ee, F., feather. pinnatus,
a, am, feüthered, plumed. pictor — pix. pinniger, era, um, qwinged.
pinso, si (sui), sum (tum, situm), 3, (o pound, bruise. pinus, üs (i) F.,
pine; ship, torch. pio, 1, propitiate, expiate. piper, eris, N., pepper.
pipilo, 1 ; pipio, 4, chirp, whünper. pipio, onis, F., a nestling. pipulum,
i, N., chirping, outcry. Pireeeus, i, M., the port of Athens. 1 pirata,
ee, M., pirate. T piráticus. a, um, of pirates; F., piracy. Pirene, es, F.,
a fount at Corinth. Pirithoüs, i, 'son of Ixion, king of Lapithze ; friend
of Theseus. pirum, i, N., pear. pirus, i, F., pear tree. Pisa, ee, a city of
Elis, made famous by the Olympic games. Pisee, arum, a city of
Etruria, Pisa. Pisaurum,i, N., a town of Umbria. piscarius, a, um, of
fish; M., fishmonger ; F., fish-market. piscator, oris, M., fisherman.
piscatorius, a, um, of fishermen. piscatus, üs, M., fishing. piscina, ee,
F., fish-pond, pool. piscis, is (-culus, i), M., fish. piscor, 1, catch fish.
piscosus, a, um, /ishy. Pisidia, &, F., a southern district of Asia Minor.
Pisistrátus, i, tyrant of Athens, from A.D. 560-527. 1 pissinus, a, um,
of pitch. pistillum, i, N. ; us, i, M., pestle. pistor, Oris, M., miller,
baker. pistrina, ee, F., bake-house. pistrinum, i, N., mill, bakery.
pistris, is ; -ix, icis, F., shark. pistus, [pinso,] pounded, grouud.
pisum, i, N., pease. 1 pithecus, i, M. ; -ium, i, N., ape. 1 pittacium, i,
N., /abel. Pittheus, i, myth. king of Troezen, gr.-father of Theseus.
pituita, ee, F., slime, phlegm. pius, a, um (compar. magis pius),
pious, tender, reverentia. pix, picis, F., pitch.
placabilis — poenalis. placabilis, e, mild, placable. . placate,
gently, calmly. placatio, onis, rF., pacifying. placátus, a, um, soothed,
calm. placenta, ee, F., cake. : Placentia, ee, F., Piacenza, a city of N.
Italy, on the Po. placeo, ui, it-, 2, please, satisfy. placide, gently.
placidus, a, um, mild, gentle. placitum, i, N., opinion, decree.
placitus, a, um, pleasing, acceptable. placo, r1, soothe, appease,
reconcile. 1 plaga, ee, F., blow, stroke. plaga, ee, F., region ; pl.,
snare, trap. plagium, i, N., kidnapping. plagosus, a, um, fond of
flogging. plagula, ee, F., curtain, sheet. planca, ee, F., board, plank.
planctus, a, um, [plango,] beaten. planctus, üs, M., beating, wailing.
plane, clearly, wholly, by all means. t planeta, ee, M., planet. plango,
nxi, nct-, 3, beat, bewail. plangor, oris, M., beating, wailing. planities,
ei, F., /eve! surface, plain. planta, ee, F., sprout, (wig ; sole.
plantaris, e, of setting, for the foot ; N., pl, young trees. plànus, a,
um, even, level, clear. Tplanus, i, M., vagabond, impostor. 1 plasma,
atis, N., mould, image. plasticus, a, um, of moulding. Plateeee,
arum, a city in Boeotia, famous for the defeat of the Persians, B.C.
479. platalea, ee, F. spoonbill. t platanus, i, F., plane-tree. 1 platea,
ee, F., broad way. Plato, onis, an Athenian philosopher, R.C. 430-348.
plaudo, si, sum, 3, clap, applaud. plausibilis, a, praiseworthy. plausor,
oris, M., applauder. plaustrum, i, N., cart, waggon. plausus, [plaudo,]
applauded. plausus (plosus), üs, M., applause, clapping, flapping.
Plautus, a comic poet, B.C. 228. plautus, a, um, //at, broad.
plebeius, a, um, plebeian, vulgar. 145 plebes—plebs, common
people. plebicola, e, rF., flatterer of the people. plebiscitum, i, N.,
popular decree. plebs, plebis, rF., te commonalty. plecto, xi (xui),
xum, 3, (o weave, braid, interweave. plecto, 3, punish (generally in
r.). T plectrum, i, N., quil/ (for playing the lute). Pleiadés, daughters
of Atlas (the Seven Stars). plene, largely, thoroughly. plenus, a, um,
full, laden, complete. plerus, a, um, plerusque (generally, plur.), very
many, most. plexus, us, M., fwisting, weaving. plexus, [plecto,]
woven. plico, ui (avi), it- (at-), r, fold. plodo—plaudo, applaud.
ploratus, üs, M., Jament. plostrum—plaustrum, cart. pluit, pluvit, i/
rains. pluma (-ula), e, F., feather, down, scale (of armor).
pluümarius, a, um, of soft feathers. plumatus, a, um, feathered.
plumbeus (arius), a, um, of lead, leaden, dull. plumbo, i, solder with
lead. plumbum, i, N., /ead. plümeus (-Oosus), a, um, feathered.
pluo, plui (pluüvi), 3, to rain. plüries, ofien, several times. plürimus,
a, um, [ muitus,] most. plus, plüris (gen. pl., ium), most. plusculus,
a, um, rather more. pluteus, i, M., pent-house, parapet. Plüto, onis,
god of the Lower World. Plütus, i, god of Riches. pluvia, ee, F., rain.
pluvialis, e ; -vius, a, um, of rain. pluviosus, a, um, rainy. poculum, i,
N., cup, bowl. T podagra, ee, F., gout. t podium, i, N., balcony,
height. 1 poema, atis, N., poem. poena, e, FE. indemnity, penalty,
punishment. poenalis, e, of. penalty.
146 poenio—pünio, punish. — && poenitendus, a, um,
blamable. poenitens, tis, regretful, penitent. poenitenter, with regret.
poenitentia, ee, F., repentance. poenitet, uit, 2, it displeases,
repents. Poenus—Punicus, Caríhaginian. 1 poésis, is, F., poetry,
poem. 1 poeta, ee, F., poet. Tpoéticus, a, um, pociic; F., poetry, the
poetic art. polenta, ee, F., pearl-barley. polio, 4, polish, adorn, refine.
polite, elegantly. T politicus, a, um, of. civil polity. politio, onis, F.,
polishing. politus, a, um, accomplished, polite. pollen, inis, N., fine
flour. pollens, tís, powerful. pollenter, powerfully. polleo, ui, 2, be
strong, prevail. pollex, icis, M., thumb. pollicaris, e, of a thwunb.
polliceor, itus, 2, promise. pollicitatio, Onis, F., promise. pollicitor, t,
promise (freq.). pollinctor, Oris, M., undertaker. pollingo, nxi, nct-, 5,
(0 prepare (a corpse) for burial. pollis, inis—pollen, fine flour.
pollübrum, i, N., wash-basin. pollüceo, xi, ctum, 2, of/er (as
sacrifice), serve. pollucte, sumptuously. polluctum, i, N., offering,
banquet. polluo, ui, ut-, 5, defile, dishonor. pollütus, a, um, defiled,
vile. Pollux, ücis, myth. son of Leda, twin-brother of Castor. 1 polus,
i, M., pole, sky. [T poly-, many. Polydorus, i youngest son of Priam.
Polyphemus,i, a Cyclops, blinded by Ulysses of his only eye.
Polyxena, ee, d. of Priam, married to Achilles. pomarius, a, um, of
fruit-trees. pomeridianus, a, um, afternoon's. pomerium
(pomoerium) i, N., open space about a city. poenio — porcinus.
pomifer, a, um, fruit-bearing. Pomona, ee, goddess of Fruits.
pomosus, a, um, abounding in fruit. " pompa, ee, F., procession,
parade. Pompeius, i; à Roman general, rival of Czesar, defeated at
Pharsalus, 5.c. 48. Pompilius, Numa, second king of Rome, B.C. 715-
672. pomypo, 1, /o perform with pomp. pomposus, a, um, s/ately,
pompous. Pomptinus, a, um, of S. Latium. pomum, i, N., fruit.
ponderatus, a, um, well-weighed. pondero, t, weigh, ponder.
ponderosus, a, um, weighty, heavy. pondo, in weight; a pound.
pondus, eris, N., weight, mass, load. pone, behind. pono, posui,
posit-, 5, put, place, abate, allay, assert, offer, surrender. pons,
pontis, M., bridge, gangway. pontifex, ficis, M., priest, pontiff. ponto,
onis, M., punt, pontoon. Tpontus, i, w., /he deep sea. Pontus, i, M.,
the Black Sea; also, a dist. on its southern shore. pODa, ee, M.,
priests attendant, who butchered the victim of sacrifice. popina, ee,
F., cook-shop. popino, onis, M., jlutton. poples, itis, M., &nee
(beneath). poplicus—publicus, public. poplus, popolus—populus.
Poppeea, ee, the wife of Nero. popularis, e, of or agreeable to the
people ; M., fellow-citizen. populariter, vu/garly. popularitas, atis, F.,
fellow-citizenship, popularity. populàátio, onis, F., ravage, plunder.
populator, oris, M., plunderer. populeus (-nus), a, um, of poplar.
populor, r, devastate, pillage. populosus, a, um, populous. populus, i,
M., people, multitude. populus, i, F., poplar. porca, ae, F., sow.
porcellus, i, M., pig. porcinus, a, um, of swine.
poreus — preecaveo. porcus (-ulus), i, M., hog. porgo—
porrigo, reach. porrecte, far, extensively. porrectio, Onis, F.,
extension. porrectus, a, um, outstretched. porricio, eci, ect-, 3, (o
offer (sacrifice). porrigo, rexi, ct-, 5, reach, stretch. porrigo, inis, F.,
dandruff. porro, forward, far, of. old, again. porrum, i, N., leek.
Porsena (-nna) e, k. of Etruria, who fought to restore Tarquin. porta,
ee, F., gate, door, entrance. predict. portentosus,a, üm, monstrous,
horrid, ominous. portentum, i, N., omen, prodigy. porticus, us, F.,
porch, gallery. portio, onis, F., share, portion. portitor, Oris, M., (az-
gatherer ; carrier, ferryman. porto, I, carry, convey. portorium, i, N.,
taz, transit-duty. portuosus, a, um, abouruiing g in harbors. portus,
üs, M., harbor, port, re, posca, ee, F., vinegar-and-water. posco,
poposci, poscit-, 3, deinand, ask, need, require. positio, onis, F.,
putting, setting. positor, oris, M., founder. ositus, | pono, ] situated,
placed. ositus, tis, M., situation. possessio, Onis, F., possession.
OsSessor, Oris, M., occupant. . ossideo, (2) and possido, (3), edi,
essum, possess, hold. ossum, posse, potui, can, have power (S 29,
iii). ost, after, behind. ostea, afterwards. osteaquam — postquam,
after (that), «when. osteri, pl., posterity, descendants. posterior, us
(compar. after, later, hinder. osteritas, atis, F., future time. posterus,
a, um (-terior, -tremus, -tumus), coming after. portendo, di, tum, 3,
/o indicate, | 147 post-féro, esteem inferior. post-habeo, 2, esteem
less, neglect. . posthac, hereafter. posthumus—postumus, /ast.
postibi, hereupon. posticus, a, um, rear, hinder; N., back-door.
postidea, -illa, afterward. postis, is, F., door-post ; pl., door.
postliminium, i, N., return home. postmodo (um), afterward, shortly.
post-pono, 5, esteem less, postpone. postquam, after (that), when,
since. postremo, finally. postremus, [posterus, ] /ast, latest.
postridie, nert day. post-sum, be after, retreat. postulatio, onis, F.,
demand, claim, complaint. postulo, 1, ask, demand, impeach. postus
— positus, placed. potatio, onis, F., drinking. potator, oris, M., drinker
pote (potis), possible. potens, tis, powerful. potentatus, is, M.,
power, dominion. potentia, ee, F., power, anthority. potestas, átis, F.,
power, ability, sovereignty. potin? canst? potio, onis, F., drink,
draught. potior, 4, get possession of. potis, e, able; -ior, us,
preferable ; -issimus, chief. potissime, especially. potius, rather. poto,
(pot-), t, drink. potor, Oris, M., drinker, sot. potulentus, a, um,
drinkable. potus, a, um, having drunk. potus, üis, M., drinking. pree,
in compar ison with, in rínd; by reason of. [pree -, before, in
advance, very. preeacuo, 3, sharpen, point. preeacütus, a, um,
pointed. preebeo, ui, itum, 2, furnish, hold out, offer, afford, design.
preeceedo—preecido, cut off. preecanus, a, um, prematurely gray.
preecaveo, cavi, caut-, beware.
148 pree-cedo, 3, go before, surpass. preecello, 3, rise
above, excel. preecelsus, a, um, very lofty. preeceps, cipitis,
/eadlong, steep. preeceptor, Oris, M., anticipator, commander,
teacher. preeceptum, i, N., rule, precept. preecerpo, psi, pt- 3, (o
gather before the time. preecido, cidi, cis-, 3, cut sheer off.
preecinctus, a, um, girt. preecingo, nxi, nct-, 3, £o encircle.
preecino, ui, 3, sing before, predict. preecipio, cepi, cept-, 3, (ake in
advance, anticipate, give rules. preecipitium, i, N., precipice.
preecipito, 1, url down, hasten. preecipue, especially. preecipuus, a,
um, special, principal, distinguished. preecise, briefly, concisely.
preecisus, a, um, cut off, abridged. : preeclare, clearly, admirably.
preeclarus, a, um, clear, bright, splendid, glorious. preecludo, si,
sum, 5, /o shut close. preeco, onis, M., crier, herald. preeconium, i
N., crier's office, celebration. preecoque, prematurely. preecordia,
orum, N., diaphragm, entrails, breast. preecox, ocis, untimely ripe.
pree-curro, 3, run before, surpass. preecursor, Oris, M., forerunner,
scout, advance-quard. preeda, ee, F., pillage, prey, spoi. preedatio,
onis, F., plundering. preedator, Oris, M., pillager, hunter. preediator,
Oris, M. real-estate dealer. preedicatio, Onis, F., proclaiming.
preedico, 1, proclaim, praise, boast. preedico, xi, ct-, 3, predict,
admonish, give notice. preedictum, i, N., prediction, order. preedisco,
3, learn beforehand. preeditus, a, um, endowed, appointed.
preedium, i, N., landed estate. preedives, itis, very rich. precedo —
preenomen. preedo, onis, M., robber, plunderer. preedor, 1 , plunder,
rob, catch. prcedüco, xi, ct-, 5, draw in front. preedulcis, e, very
sweet. preedurus, a, nm, very hard, hardy. preeeo, ivi, it-, 4, go
before, precede. preefatio, onis, F., preface, formula. preefectura, ee,
F., governorship. preefectus, i, M. superintendent, commander,
governor. preefero, tuli, lat-, (o bear before, prefer, display,
anticipate. preeferox, Oocis, very fierce. preeficio, feci, fect-, 3, set
over, appoint, assign to command. preefigo, xi, xum, 5, seí up,
fasten, fix on the end. preefinio, 35, fix beforehand. preefloro, i,
pluck, tarnish. preefluo, 3, flow in front. preefodio, fodi, 5, dig
before. preefor, 1, say beforehand. preefracte, resolutely, sternly.
preefractus, a, um, abrupt, stern. preefringo fregi, fract-, 3, break
off, or to pieces. preefulcio, si, tum, prop. preefulgeo, si, 2, shine
forth. preegnans, tis, full, pregnant. preegrandis, e, /uge, mighty.
preegravis, e, very heavy. preegradior, gres-, 3, go before.
prejudicium, i, N., « previous decision, precedent. preelabor, ps-, 5,
glide or sweep by. preelatus, [fero,] hurrying past. preelium—
prcelium, Pattle. preeludo, si, sum, 35, rehearse. preelum—prelum,
wine-press. preemátuürus, a, um, untimely. prae-metuo, 5, fear
beforehand. preemitto, misi, miss-, 3, send in advance. preemium, i,
N., reward, profit. pree-moneo, 2, aub predict. preemünio, 4, fortify
in front. preenate, 1, swim or flow before. Preeneste, is, N., a town
in La- i 1 tium. E preemnomen, inis, N., /he first 1 personal name (S
15). | | I | 1 1 Hi
preeoeeupo — preetor. preeoccupo, 1, seize beforehand.
preeopto, 1, choose rather. preeparo, t, prepare beforehand.
preepedio, 4, shackle, hinder. preepes, etis, siift of. flight, winged ;
C., bird (of omen). preepilatus, a, um, knobbed. preepinguis, e, very
fat. preepondero, t, outweigh. preepono, sui, sit-, 5, (o set over,
appoint, depute, prefer. preepositus, i, M., prefect, commander.
preeposterus, a, um, reversed, confused, absurd. preepotens, tis,
very powerful. preequam, in comparison. pree-ripio, 3, snatch away.
praerogativus, a, um, Aaving the first vote ; F., omen, privilege.
preerogo, I, ask first. prerumpo, rüpi, rupt-, 5, break off in front. |
preeruptus, a, um, steep, hasty. prees, preedis, M., surety. prees, at
hand. preesagio (-or), 4, forebode, presage. preesagium, i, N.,
presentiment. praesagus, a, um, foreboding. praescisco, 3, learn
beforehand. preescius, a, um, prophetic. preescribo, psi, pt-, 3, write
before, prefix, appoint. preescriptio, Onis, F., inscription, pretence,
precept. prescriptum, i, N., copy, precept. preeseco, cui, ct-, I, cut
off. preesegmen, inis, N., a paring. praesens, tis, present, prompt.
preesensio, onis, F., fore-feeling. presentia, ee, F., presence; in
preesentia, at present. preesentio, si, sum, 4, to feel or perceive
beforehand, forbode, divine. praesepe, is, N.; -es, is; -ia, ee, F.; -
ium, i, N., stall, hut. preesépio, psi, pt-, 4, barricade. preesertim,
especially. preeses, idis, M., guardian, chief. preesideo, sedi, sess-, 2,
to guard, preside, superintend. 149 preesidiarius, a, um, for defence.
preesidium, i, N., defence, guard, garrison, aid. preesignis, e,
distinguished. preestans, tis, excellent. preestat, il is better.
preestabilis, e, eminent. preestatio, onis, F., guaranty. preestes, itis,
C., guardian. preestigiee, arum, F., íricks. preestino, I1, (o buy.
praesto, at hand. preesto, iti, it-. I, siand forth, surpass, excel,
furnish, exhibit. preestolor, 1, wait for. preestringo, nxi, ct-, 3, bind
fast. preestruo, xi, ct-, 3, build in. front, prepare in advance. praesul,
-ulis, M., dance-leader. pree-sum, be before, have charge of. pree-
sumo, 3, take or spend before. preesumptio, Onis, F., anticipation.
preesuo, ui, ut-, 5, sew upon, cover. preetego, xi, ct, shelter, protect.
preetendo, di, tum, 3, síretch or hold forth, spread, assert.
preetento, 1, search, test. preeter, beyond, along, contrary, besides,
except. preeterea, besides, moreover, beyond. preeterbito, Ir, go
past. praeter-eo, 4, pass by or beyond, escape notice, neglect.
preeteritus, a, um, past, gone by; N. pl., the past. preeterlabor, psus,
35, glide by. preeter-mitto, 3, let go, omit. preeter-propter, about,
nearly. praeterquam, beyond, besides. preeter-vehor, 3, be borne
past. preetexo, ui, xt-, 3, put Or weave in. front, provide, pretend,
cover. praetexta (toga), ee, F., mantle with purple border, worn by
magistrates and children ; tragedy. preetextatus, wearing the
mantle. preetextum, i, N., ornament; pretext, pretence. preetextus,
üs, M., authority. preetor, oris, M., pretor (officer of justice), chief,
commander.
150 preetorianus, a, um, of the bodyguard. preetorium, i,
N., generals tent, palace, body-guard. preetorius, a, um, of the
pretor; porta, front-gate of the camp. preetüra, ee, F., prectorship.
pree-ustus, a, um, burnt at the end. preeut, in comparison with.
preevalens, tis, very strong. preevaleo, ui, 2, have chief power.
preevalidus, a, um, very or too strong, prevalent, grand. preevaricor,
1, walk crooked, balk. preevehor, vectus, 3, ride before. preevenio,
veni, vent-, 4, antici» pate, outstrip, prevent. preeverto (-tor) 4,
precede, outstrip, ezceed, occupy or do first. preevideo, vidi, vis-, 2,
foresee. preevius, a, um, leading the way. Tpragmaticus, a, um,
skilled in affairs, relating to business. prandeo, di, sum, 2, to
breakfast. prandium, i, N., breakfast, lunch. pransus, a, um, Aaving
breakfasted. 1 prasinus, a, um, leek-green., pratum (-ulum) i, N.,
meadoiw, plain. prave, crookedly, wrongly. pravitas, atis, F.,
depravity, perverseness, irregularity. pravus, a, um, misshapen, bad.
precario, 5 entreaty. precarius, a, um, got by entreaty or favor ;
uncertain. precatio, onis, F., prayer. preci, cem, ce ; pl., -ces, F.,
prayer, entreaty (nom. sing. not used). preciee (-tiee), a kind of
grape. precor, 1, beg, pray, invoke. prehendo, di, sum, 5, seize,
grasp. prehensio, Onis, F., seizing, right of arrest ; a jack-screw.
prehenso (prenso), t, grasp, detain. prelum, i, N., wine or oil-press.
premo, essi, ess, 3, press, grasp, cover, burden, oppress, disparage.
prendo—prehendo, :ake. presse, closely, concisely. presso, I, /o
press violently. pressorius, a, um, for pressing. preetorianus —
privilegium. pressura, ee, F., pressure, throng. pressus, a, um, close,
concise. pressus, u$, M., pressure. 1 prester, eris, w., whirlwind,
waterspout ; a venomous serpent. pretiose, ius, splendidly. :
pretiosus, a, um, precious, costly. pretium, i, N., value, price, pay.
[prex, see preci, prayer. Priameius, a, um, of Priam. Priamides, ee,
son of Priam. Priamus, myth. king of Troy. Priapus, god of Gardens.
pridem, /ong ago, formerly. pridianus, a, um, of the day before.
pridie, on the ddy before. primeevus, a, um, young. primanus, a,
um, of the 1st legion. primarius, a, um, of ihe 1st rank. primas, atis,
c/ief, noble. primatus, üs, M., preeminence. prime, especially.
primitiee, arum, F. first-fruits. primitus, for (he first time. primo,
firsily, at first. primordia, orum, x. pl., origin. primoris, e, foremost,
extreme. primum, a/ first, in the first place. primus, a, um, first,
foremost. princeps, cipis, C. first, chief, prince, 2d rank (of infantry).
principalis, e, chief, princely. principaliter, c/iefl y. principatus, üs, M.,
chief. rank. principium, i, M., a beginning ; pl., principles, front rank,
open space (in camp). prior, us, former, previous, better . pl., the
ancients. prisce, old-fashioned. priscus, a, um, antique, severe.
pristinus, a, um, former, early, preceding. pristis—pistrix, shark. prius
... quam, before, sooner, until. privatim, privately, apart. privatus, a,
um, private, one's own. privigna, ee, F., step-daughter. privignus, i,
M., síep-son. privilegium, i, N. «a private law, privilege.
privo — proficiscor. 151 privo, I, deprive, deliver. privus, a,
um, each, single, own. pro, in front of, instead of, in behalf of,
according to, for, considering ; pro quam, n proportiwn as. pro, proh
(w. acc.), O/ ah! proavus, i, M., gr.-grandfather. probàbilis, e, likely,
pleasing. probabiliter, probably. probàátio, Onis, F., (rial, approval.
probator, oris, M., approver. probàtus, a, um, proved, excellent.
probe, well, fitly, rightly, nobly. probitas, atis, F., honesty, worth.
probo, 1, íry, prove, approve. probrose, disgracefully. probrosus, a,
um, shameful, infamous. probrum, i, N. disgraceful deed, dishonor,
insult. probus, a, um, good, excellent. procácitas, atis, F.,
impudence. procáciter, slamelessly. procax, ácis, bold, impudent.
prócédo, cess-, 3, advance, extend, continue, result. procella, ee, F.,
'empest, storm. procello, 3, cast down. procellosus, a, um,
tempestuous. procer, eris, chief, foremost. procere, (o great length.
próocéritas, atis, F., /cight, length. proócérus, a, um, /igh, tall, long.
processio, Onis, F.; -us, üs, M., advance, progress. prócido, idi, 3, fall
flat. prócinctus, üs, M., girding, preparing. prócingo, nctus, 5, /o
gird, equip. proclamo, I, cry out. próoclino, 1, lean forward. proclive,
downward. proclivis, e, sloping downward, inclined, easy ; N.,
declivity. proclivitas, atis, F., propensity. prócliviter, downward, easily.
Procne—Progne, d. of Pandion. proconsul, ulis, N., proconsul (n
office after term of consulship). procreo, 1, generate, produce.
Procris, wife of Cephalus. Procrustes, a bandit of Attica, slain by
Theseus. procubo, 1, /ie along. procüdo, di, sum, 3, beat, forge.
procul, afar, remote. proculoo, r, (rample down. pro-cumbo, 3, fall
forward, sink. procüratio, onis, F., care, charge. procurator, oris, M.,
deputy, steward, administrator, governor. procüro, r1, (ake charge of.
pró-curro, 3, run forward, project. procurvus, a, um, crooked.
procus, i, M., wooer, suilor ; chief. prod-eo, 4, go forth, advance.
prodesse (prosum), /elp. prodico, xi, ct-, 5, predict. prodige, lavishly.
prodieialis, e, of omens. prodigiosus, a, um, sírange, marvellous.
prodigium, i, N., omen, prodigy. prodigo, egi, act-, 3, consume.
prodigus, a, um, lavish, wasteful. proditio, onis, F., (reachery.
proditor, oris, w., traitor. prodo, 3, give forth, deliver, betray.
prodüco, xi, ct- 3, io lead forth, produce, extend, promote, protract.
producte, lengthily. productio, onis, F., lengthening. productus, a,
um, protracted. prceliaris, e, of battle. proelior, 1, /ight (in battle).
proelium, i, N., battle, strife. Proetides, um, daughters of Proetus,
king of Tiryns. profano, 1, consecrate. profàno, 1, desecrate, violate.
profanus, a, um, unholy, impious. profectio, Onis, F., departure.
profecto, surely. profectus, [proficiscor,] gone. profectus, iis, M.
advance. pro-fero, bring forward, produce. professio, Onis, F.,
declaration. professus, a, um, [profiteor, | manifest; ex professo,
avowedly. profestus, a, um, not-festival. próficio, 5, go forward,
effect. j proficiscor, fectus, 3, go, set forth.
152 profiteor, fessus, 2, /o promise, profess, declare.
profligatus, a, um, dotwncast, corrupt, wretched. profligo, 1,
despatch, ruin, conquer. proflo, 1, breathe forth, melt. profluens, tis,
flowing, fluent. profluo, xi, xum, 3, //ow forth. profluvium, i, N., flow.
profor, t, speak out, predict. pro-fugio, 3, escape, flee. profugus, a,
um, fugitive ; M., exile. profundo, füdi, füs-, 5, shed, pour forth,
spend. profundus, a, um, deep ; N., depth. profüuse, lavishly,
exceesively. profusus, a, um, ertravagant. progenies, ei, F., descent,
progeny. progigno, genui, genit-, 5, produce. prognatus, a, um,
descended ; pl., descendants. Progne (Procne), es, myth. d. of
Pandion, k. of Athens ; wife of Tereus, changed to a swallow.
progredior, gressus, 3, proceed. progressio, Onis, F.; -us, üs, M.,
advance, progress. prohibeo, ui, it-,2, hold in front, restrain, forbid.
proin, proinde, just so, accordingly. projecte, carelessly. projectus, a,
um, extended, prominent, inclined, dotbncast, abject. projicio, jeci,
ject-, 3, throw forth, oppose, expel, reject. à prolabor, psus, 3, slide
forward, escape, sink, fall. prolatio, onis, F., bringing forward, delay.
prolato, r, extend, defer. prolatus, [fero,] brought forward. prolecto,
1, allure, entice. proles, is, um, F., offspring. prolixe, copiously.
prolixus, a, um, extended, favorable, courtéous. Tlprologus, i M.
prologue, introduction. proloquor, cütus, 3, speak forth. prolüdo, si,
sum, 3, practice in advance, prelude. profiteor — propatulus. proluo,
3, wash or cast forth. proluvies, ei, F., overflow, filth. promereo (-or),
2 deserve. Prométheus, myth.s. of Iapetos. promineo, ui, 2,
overhang, project. promiscue, a// together. promiscuus, a, um,
promiscuous. promitto, misi, miss-, 5, put forward, predict, promise.
promissus, a, um, hanging down ; N., promise. promo, mpsi, mpt- 3,
io bring forth, produce, utter. promontorium, i, N. mountainrange,
headland, promontory. promotus, a, um. advanced ; N.pl., preferable
things. promoveo, 2, move forward, extend, promote, reveal,
postpone. prompte, promptly. promptuarius, a, um, of the stores ;
N., storeroom. promptus, a, um, manifest; at hand, prompt, ready.
promptus, üs, M., & manifesting, readiness. promuleo, 1, publish,
proclaim. promulsis, idis, F., a relish. promus, a, um, of the larder;
N., steward, distributor. promütuus, a, um, prepaid, lent. prone,
downward. pronuba, ee, F., presiding over marriage (Juno) ; bride's
attendant. pronuntiatio, onis, F., proclamation, utterance. pronuntio,
1, proclaim, announce, recite, relate. pronuper, quite lately.
pronurus, üs, M., grandson's wife. pronus, a, um, bending or fallen
forward, sinking, inclined. t prooemium, i, N., introduction.
tproscenium,i, N., preface, prelude. propagatio, onis, F., propagating.
propages, is; -go, inis, F., layer, setting (of plants), offspring.
propago, I, propagate, continue. propalam, publicly, openly. |
propansus (-passus), a, um, spread. propatulus, a, uncovered.
prope — prosterno. prope, pius, xime, near, almost.
propediem, very soon. propello, puli, puls-, 5, /o push on.
propemodo (-dum), a/most. propendeo, di,sum, 2, 4ang down,
preponderate, incline. propense, willingly, readily, prone. propensus,
a, um, weighty. properans, tis, hasty, speedy. properanter, -ato,
speedily. properantia, ee, F., haste. properátus, a, um, rapid, hasty.
propero, r, hasten. propere, properiter, in haste. properus, a, um,
quick, rapid. propexus, a, um, combed forward. I propheta (-tes),
ee, M., prophet. Ipropino, r, drink one's health; give to drink or eat.
oropinque, near at' hand. oropinquitas, atis, F., nearness, affinity.
»ropinquo, t, bring or draw near. oropinquus, a, um, near, akin.
oropior, us, nearer, more like. oropitio, I, appease. xropitius, a, um,
kind, favorable. 'propola, ee, w., forestaller. 'propolis, is, F., bee-glue.
oropono, sui, sit-, 3, set before, put forth, offer, expose. ?ropontis,
the Sea of Marmora. xoporro, furthermore. »roportio, Onis, F.,
proportion. oxopositio, Onis, F., setting-forth, design, purpose.
»ropositum, i, N., way, purpose. xropreetor, oris, M., a ma gistrate,
propreator (ex- -praetor). roprie, specially, fitly. »roprietas, atis, F.,
property. 'roprius, a, um, one's own, proper, constant. ropter, near,
by reason of. xropterea, for that reason. »x'opudium, i, N., a
shameful-thing. xopugnaculum, iN. bulwark, »ropugnatio, onis, F.,
defence. »'opugnator, Oris, M. champion. o»opugno, I, defend, go
out to fight. xopulso, r1, defend, ward off. 153 propulsus, [pello,]
pushed forward. Tpropyleeum, i, N., gateway. proquam, according
as. 1 prora, ee, F., prow (of a ship). prorepo, psi, pt-, 3, crawl forth.
1 proreta, ee; -reus, i, M., steersman. proripio, ui, rept-, 5, snatch
forth. prorito, 1, provoke, allure. prorogatio, Onis, F., eztending.
prorogo, 1, prolong, preserve, defer. prorsum, s/raightforward.
prorsus, a, um, direct, prose. prorsus, onward, precisely, utterly. pro-
rumpo, 3, thrust or rush forth. pro-ruo, 3, demolish, rush forth.
proruptus, a, um, unrestrained. prosa, ee, F., prose. prosapia, ee, F.,
stock, race. prosatus, [sero,] produced. 1 proscenium, i, N., s/age,
theatre. pro-scindo, 3, cut, furrow. proscissus, [scindo,]| cur.
proscribo, 3, write on, publish, proscribe (for assassination).
proscriptio, Onis, F 'ublishing, proscr iption. proseco, ui, ct-, 1, cut
off. prosectus,a, um, cut (for sacrifice). prosecütus, [sequor, |
following. proseda, ee, F., /arlot. prosequor, secüt-, 3, follow forth,
pursue, attend. prosero, sévi;&at-, 3, produce (by sowing).
Proserpina, ee, d. of Ceres, stolen by Pluto, god of Hades. proserpo,
35, creep forward. prosilio, ui, 4, spring forth. prospecte, prudently.
prospecto, 1, look forth or towards, . expect, await. prospectus, üs,
M., view, prospect. prospeculor, r, look forth, explore. prosper (-
erus), era, um, favorable, fortunate. prosperitas, atis, F., good
fortune. prospero, t, make happy or prosper. prospicio, exi, ect-, 3,
look forth, walch, discern, foresee, provide. prosterno, stravi, strat-,
3, strew, overthrow, destroy. he.
154 prostituo, ui, üit-, 3, expose, sully. prosto, stiti, stat-, 1,
stand forth, be exposed. prosubigo, 3, dig up, fashion. prosum ($
29, iv.), be helpful, profit. protectio, onis, F., shelter. protector, Oris,
M., coverer, guard. protectum, i, N., eaces. protego, xi, ct-, 3, cover,
shelter. protelo, i, repulse, prolong. protelum, i, N., row, team.
protendo, di, sum (tum), stretch forth, extend. protenus—protinus,
onward. pro-tero, 3, trample, drive. proterreo, ui, it-, 2, scare away.
proterve (-iter), boldly, wantonly. protervitas, atis, F., àmpudence.
protervus, a, um, vehement, bold. protestor, 1, bear witness,
protest. Proteus, ei, a sea-divinity, of changing form. protinam,
protinis, forthwith. protinus, right onward, at once. 1 proto., first.
protollo, 35, stretch, forth. protraho, xi, ct-, 3, (o draw forth, expose,
protract. protritus, [-tero,] worn out. protrüdo, di, sum, 3, push,
defer. proturbo, r, drive forth, repel. prout, according as. provectus,
a, um, advanced. proveho, xi, ct, 3, carry forth, promote ; P., go,
move. provenio, veni, vent-, 4, come forth, arise, grow, happen,
prosper. proventus, üs, M., growth, result. proverbium, i, N., proverb,
adage. proverto, sum, 3, (urn forward. provide, carefully. providens,
tis, prudent, foreseeing. providenter, prudently. providentia, ee, F.,
foresight, provideo, vidi, vis-, 2, foresee, care for, provide. providus,
a, um, foreseeing, prudent, provident. provincia, ee, F., province,
charge. provincialis, e, of a province. provisio, Onis, rF., foresight.
prostituo — publico. proviso, with foresight. proviso, 3, 9o out to
see. provisor, Oris, M., foreseer. provisus, | video, | provided.
provisus, us, M., foreseeing. provocatio, onis, r., challenge. provoco,
i, cal] forth, challenge, summon, rouse. provolo, i1, lj forth, rush out.
pro-volvo, 5, roll forth, fall down. proxime (-imo), next. proximitas,
atis, F., nearness. proximus, a, um, nearest, neat. prudens, tis,
foreseeing, foreknowing, skilled. prüdenter, discreetly. prudentia, ee,
F., foresight, knowledge, prudence. pruina, ee, F., hoar-frost, winter.
pruinosus, a, üm, frosty. prüna, ee, F., /ive coal. prünum, i, N., plum.
prünus, i, F., plum-tree, black-thorn. prürigo, inis, F., itching. prurio,
4, (o iích. Prüsias, ee, king of Bithynia, who betrayed Hannibal.
Tprytaneum, i, N., town-hall. 1 psallo, 3, play the lyre. 1 pseudo-,
false or sham. 1psittacus, i, M., parrot. Psyche, es (soul), a nymph
loved by Cupid, and made immortal. [-pte, self, own. 1 ptisana, ee,
F., barley-water. Ptolemeeus, i, a general of Alexander, afterwards k.
of Egypt, till p.c. 2835. pübens, tis, at puberty, vigorous. pübertas,
atis, F., puberty, youth. pübes (-er, -is) eris, of ripe age; downy.
pübes, is, rF., signs of manhood; youth, or vigorous population.
pübesco, 3, ripen, attain puberty. publicanus, a, um, of ihe revenue ;
M., farmer of the revenue. publicátio, onis, F., confiscation. publice (-
citus), publicly, at statecharge. publico, 1, confíscate, make public.
publieus — puteal. publicus, a, um, of the public ; N public
revenue; M., magistrate. pudendus, to be ashamed of. pudens, tis,
modest, shamefaced. pudenter, bashfully. pudeo, 2, be ashamed ; -
et, it shames. pudibundus, a, um, bashful. pudice, modestly,
chastely. pudicitia, ee, F., modesty. pudicus, a, um, modest, chaste.
pudor, Oris, M., sense of honor or shame, modesty, self-respect.
puella, ee, F., girl, maiden. puellaris, e, girlish. puer, eri, w., boy, child
(till 17). puerilis, e, boyish, childish. pueriliter, like a child. pueritia,
ee, F., childhood. puerperium, i, N., child-birth. puerulus, i, M., little
boy. pugil, ilis, M., pugilist, boxer. pugillaris, e, of the fist. pugillus, i,
M., handful. pugilor, r1, /o box. pugio, onis, M., dagger. pugna, ee,
F., a fight, combat. pugnaciter, contentiously. pugnax, acis,
combative, obstinate. pugno, 1, (o fight, struggle, contend. pugnus,
i, M., fist, handful. pulcher, chra, um, beautiful, noble. pulchre,
beautifully, nobly. | pulchritudo, inis, F., beauty. puleium (-gium), i,
N., pennyroyal. pülex, icis, M., lea. pullarius, a, um, of the young; M.,
keeper of the sacred chickens. pullatus, a, um, in black garments.
pullities, ei, F., brood. pullulo, r, /o sprout, produce. pullus, i, M.,
young, colt, chick, twig. pullus, a, um, dark, mournful. pulmentum (-
arium,), i, N., relish. pulmo, onis, M., lung. pulpa, ee, F., soft flesh.
pulpamentum, i, N., flesh, dainty. pulpitum, i, N., s/age, platform.
puls, pultis, F., pottage. pulsátio, onis, F., beating. pulso, 1, beat,
push, attack. pulsus [pello,] driven, routed. Y. 155 pulsus, üs, M.,
pushing, trampling. pultarius, i, M., pot, jar. pulto, 1, beat, strike.
pulver—pulvis, dust. pulvereus, a, um, of dust. pulvero, 1, /o bedust.
pulverulentus, a, um, dusty. pulvillus, i, M,, a little cushion. pulvinar,
aris, N., couch. pulvinus, i, N., cushion, pillow. pulvis, eris, N., dust,
arena. pümex, icis, M., pumice-stone. pümiceus, a, um, of pumice,
dry. pümico, 1, polish (with pumice). pumilio, onis, N., dwarf, pigmy.
pumilus, a, um, dwarfish. punctatim, concisely, to the point.
punctim, «with the point. punctum, i, N., point, dot, bailot. punctus,
üs, M., a prick, sting. pungo, pupugi, punct-, 3, pierce, sting, afflict,
distress. püniceus, a, um, purple. Punicus, a, um, Carthaginian.
pünio (-or) 4, punish, avenge. pünitor, Oris, N., avenger. pupa (-ula),
ee, F., girl, doll. pupillus, i, M. ; -a, ee, F., orphan, ward; F., pupil (of
the eye). puppis, is, im, i, F., siern, ship. pure, purely, clearly.
purgamen, inis; -mentum, i, scouring fillh, purgation. | purgatio,
onis, F., cleansing. purgo, 1, cleanse, clear, purify. pürifico, 1,
cleanse, expiate. purpura, ee, F., purple-fish, purple. purpuratus, a,
um, clad in purple; M., court-officer. purpureus, a, um, purple,
brilliant. purpuro, I, to dye purple. pürulentus, a, um, festering.
pürus, a, um, clear, clean, pure. pus, puris, N., festering matter.
pusillanimis, e, timid. pusillus, a, um, small, petty. pusio, onis, M., a
little boy. pustula (püsula), ee, F., blister. putàmen, inis, N.,
trimmings. putátio, Onis, F., pruning. puteal, alis, N., well-curb.
156 püteo, 2, Lave an ill smell. Puteoli, orum, a coast-town
near Naples. puter, tris, tre, rotten, crumbling. pütesco, -isco, 3, /o
rot, putrify. puteus, i, M., a well, pit, cistern. pütidus, a, um, rotten,
offensive. putillus, i, M. ; -a, ee, F., child. puto, I, (o cleanse, trim,
prune; reckon, suppose, think, consider. pütor, Oris, M., rottenness.
putre-facio; P., -f1o, putrify. putresco, 3, :o decay. putridus, a, um,
rotten, mellow. putus, a, um, clear, fine; M., a boy. tpycta (es), ee,
M., boxer. Pydna,a town of Macedon, where Perseus was defeated,
B.C. 146. Qpbysa, ee, F., the rump. pygmeeus, a, um, pigmy, dwarf.
Pyle, arum, r. (gates) "Thermopyle ; also a pass in Cilicia. Pylos, i F.
the city of Nestor (Pylius) in S.W. Peloponesus. tpyra, ee, F., funeral
pile. Tpyramis idis, F., pyramid. Pyreneeus, a, um, of the Pyrenees. t
pyrites, ee, M., flint, millstone. Pyrrha, myth. wife of. Deucalion.
Pyrrhus,i, i, myth. son of Achilles; 2, a king of Epirus, who fought
with the Romans 5.C. 280-274. pyrum,—pirum, pear. Pythagoras, e,
a philosopher of Samos, about B.C. 550. Pythius, a, um, Pythian, a
title of Apollo, from Pytho, a name of Delphi; r., Delphic priestess.
Python, onis, M, a serpent slain by Apollo near Delphi. "pyxis is, F., a
box for ointments. Q. Q, the praenomen Quintus. qua, where, bij
what way, how; qua | . qua, as well...as. quacumque, wherever.
quadamtenus, (o such a point. quadra, ee, F., square. puteo —
qualis. quadrageni, ee, a, forty each. quadragesimus, a, um, fortieth.
quadragies, forty times. quadraginta, forty. quadrans, tis, a quarter,
farthing. quadrate, four-fold. quadratus, a, um, square, stout.
quadriennium, i, N., four years. quadrifariam, four-fold. quadrifidus,
a, um, four-cleft. quadrifrons, tis, four-fronted. quadrigee, arum, F.,
/eam of four. quadrigeni, e, a, 400 each. quadrijugis, e; -gus, a, um,
of a team of four. quadrimus, a, um, four years old. quadringeni, ee,
a, 400 each. quadringenti, e, a, four hundred. quadrigenties, 400
times. quadrini, ee, a, four each. quadripartitus, a, um, in four parts.
quadrivium, i, N., cross-roads. quadro, 1, to be or make square.
quadrum, i, N., «à square. quadrupedans, tis, galloping. quadrupes,
pedis; -pedus, a, um, four-foote. quadruplex, icis, four-fold.
quadruplico (-plo), 1, multiply by 4. quadruplus, a, um, four-fold.
queerito, 1, seek earnestly. queero, sivi, sit-, 3, seek, ask, examine
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