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Principles and practices of commercial construction 8th
ed Edition Andres Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Andres, Cameron K.; Smith, Ronald C
ISBN(s): 9780131599246, 0131599240
Edition: 8th ed
File Details: PDF, 37.52 MB
Year: 2008
Language: english
 Basic Metric Units and Approximate Equivalents in Standard Units

Length Force

1 millimetre (mm)  0.03937 inches (in.) 1 newton (N)  l kilogram metre per second squared (kg·m/sec2)
 0.225 pounds-force (lb)
1 centimetre (cm)  10 millimetres (mm)
1 kilonewton (kN)  1,000 newtons (N)
 0.3973 inches (in.)
 224.810 pounds-force (lb)
1 metre (m)  1,000 millimetres (mm)  0.225 kips (k)
 39.370 inches (in.) 1 meganewton (MN)  1,000,000 newtons (N)
 3,281 feet (ft)  1,000 kilonewtons (kN)
 1.094 yards (yd)  224,808.900 pounds-force (1b)
 224.810 kips (k)
1 kilometre (km)  1,000 metres (m)
 3281 feet (ft) Force per Unit Length
 0.621 miles
1 kilonewton per metre (kN/m)  1,000 newtons per metre (N/m)
Area  1 newton per millimetre
(N/mm)
1 square millimetre (mm2)  0.00155 square inches (sq in.)  68.522 pounds-force per foot
1 square centimetre (cm2)  100 square millimetres (mm2) (plf)
 0.155 square inches (sq in.)
1 square metre (m2)  1,000,000 square millimetres (mm2) Force per Unit Area
 10,000 square centimetres (cm2)
 1,550 square inches (sq in.) 1 pascal (Pa)  1 newton per square metre (N/m2)
 10.764 square feet (sq ft) 1 kilopascal (kPa)  1,000 pascals
 1.196 square yards (sq yd)  1,000 newtons per square metre (N/m2)
 1 kilonewton per square metre (kN/m2)
Volume  0.145 pounds per square inch (psi)
 20.885 pounds per square foot (psf)
1 cubic centimetre (mm3)  1,000 cubic millimetres (mm3) 1 megapascal (MPa)  1,000,000 pascals (Pa)
 0.610 cubic inches (cu in.)  1,000 kilopascals (kPa)
 1,000,000 newtons per square metre
1 cubic metre (m3)  1,000,000,000 cubic millimetres (mm3)
(N/m2)
 1,000,000 cubic centimetres (cm3)
 1,000 kilonewtons per square metre
 61,023.744 cubic inches (cu in.)
(kN/m2)
 35.315 cubic feet (cu ft)
 1 newton per square millimeter
 1.308 cubic yards (cu yd)
(N/mm2)

Mass
Density (mass per unit volume)
1 gram (g)  0.035 ounces (oz)
1 kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3)  0.062 pounds per cubic
1 kilogram (kg)  1,000 grams (g) foot (lb/cu ft)
 35.274 ounces (oz)  1.685 pounds per cubic
 2.206 pounds (lb) yard (lb/cu yd)

1 metric ton (tonne) (t)  1,000 kilograms (kg)

Temperature
 2204.622 pounds (lb)
 1.102 tons (t) (short tons) 1 degree Celsius (°C)  (1 degree Farenheit (°F)  32) × 5/9
 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
OF COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION
Eighth Edition

CAMERON K. ANDRES
RONALD C. SMITH

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

Columbus, Ohio
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Andres, Cameron K.
Principles and practices of commercial construction / Cameron K. Andres, Ronald C. Smith. -- 8th ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-13-159923-9
1. Building. 2. Building. I. Smith, Ronald C. II. Title.
TH145.A664 2007
690--dc22
2007045684

Vice President and Publisher: Vernon Anthony

Executive Editor: Eric Krassow
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This book was set in New Aster by S4Carlisle Publishing Services. It was printed and bound by Edwards Brothers. The cover was
printed by Phoenix Color Corp.

Copyright © 2009, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1993, 1986, 1976, 1967 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River,
New Jersey 07458.
Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and
permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN 13: 978-0-13-159923-9
ISBN 10: 0-13-159923-2
 To the men and women
in the construction industry
This page intentionally left blank
 PREFACE

Project teams made up of designers, engineers, project Many jurisdictions have adopted the Leadership
managers, fabricators, contractors and tradespeople in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green
are being asked to be more adaptive, flexible, and vi- Building Rating System as a regulatory framework.
sionary in their roles as they deal with new realities. Introduced by the U.S. Green Building Council in the
The construction industry is being challenged by an early 1990s, LEED provides a pragmatic blueprint
increased global demand for metals, in particular, that defines “green building.” As a strategic tool,
copper, nickel, and steel; higher energy costs as LEED helps the project team set targets to achieve
demand continues to rise; and the impacts of existing green project goals that (1) exhibit good stewardship
and future climate changes. Climate change alone of the environment; (2) provide healthful, comfort-
will dictate new approaches to building design and able spaces; (3) utilize human and natural resources
construction. prudently; and (4) perform efficiently and effectively
These new realities have begun to inform new over the life span of the building. To encourage inno-
concepts such as sustainable building policies that are vative solutions and an integrated approach to de-
environmentally responsible. Building codes and prac- sign, LEED awards points in five environmental
tice standards will continue to change as project teams categories and rates projects on their sustainability.
learn to adapt to changing conditions such as heavier Finding qualified people and expertise for a
snow and wind loads, rising temperatures, and rising project remains the construction industry’s greatest
sea levels. As storms become more frequent and challenge. Without skilled designers and practition-
severe, project teams will be required to design and ers, quality suffers. It is essential that all members of
implement robust solutions to meet these new chal- the construction team have a solid working knowl-
lenges. As each new project generates new data, new edge of time-honoured building practices. It is
design strategies and new building techniques become imperative that students entering the construction
part of the lexicon and are passed forward to be con- field as designers, project managers, and construc-
sidered in the approach taken in the next project. tion supervisors have an understanding of the com-
Tremendous opportunities exist within the build- plete construction process; the ability to read and
ing discipline from research to actualization of the interpret complex drawings and details; and a strong
structure in its environment. From concept to opera- understanding of common industry terms, defini-
tion, new design policies will guide and encourage tions, and measurements.
self-sufficiency in energy, water, and waste systems. The eighth edition of Principles and Practices of
Buildings constructed simply to code will become a Commercial Construction continues to provide the
thing of the past as builders aim to achieve goals that reader with a complete overview of traditional
result in the greatest levels of environmental respon- building concepts and practices. From site pre-
sibility. The first eco-cities designed to achieve zero paration to building layout to exterior finishing, this
greenhouse gas emissions are in the planning stages. edition describes and illustrates the various stages

v
of the building process. Each chapter deals with a Go to www.prenhall.com, click the
specific phase in the construction process; related Instructor Resource Center link,
principles, materials, and procedures are illustrated and then click Register Today for
by diagrams and photographs. Basic structural the instructor access code. Within
framing materials such as wood, steel, and concrete 48 hours after registering you will
are discussed in detail to illustrate their require- receive a confirming e-mail with
ments, strengths, and limitations. your instructor access code. Once you have
received your code, go to the site and log on for full
instructions on downloading the materials you wish
NEW TO THIS EDITION to use.

Chapter 1 has been updated to better illustrate some

of the methods used in the testing and evaluation of ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
soils on the building site. Chapter 3 provides addi-
tional information for the calculation of excavation The construction industry is a unique collection of
volumes. In this edition, Chapters 2 and 4 have been planners, design professionals, manufacturing
combined, and a new Chapter 4 dealing with site firms, and tradespeople. The success of the industry
development and services has been introduced. Top- is a testimonial of the combined expertise of these
ics in this chapter include an introduction to road- individuals and firms. Principles and Practices of
way pavements, curbs and sidewalks, parking areas, Commercial Construction is only made possible by
storm and sanitary sewer lines, storm water man- the contributions, direct or indirect, of every seg-
agement, and street lighting. Chapter 10 has been ment of the industry. Organizations such as the
revised and reorganized to better illustrate the fabri- Portland Cement Association, the American Con-
cation process and the erection of structural steel for crete Institute, and the Canadian Institute of Steel
building frames. Chapter 12 has been completely Construction are instrumental in providing current
rewritten to better illustrate the various roof design and relevant information.
principles and the materials used in roof construc- I wish to thank all the reviewers who gave so
tion. An introduction to green roofs has been added. generously of their time to share their expertise
Chapters 12 and 15 introduce the reader to the con- and wisdom. They are Khalid Al-Hamdouni,
cept of sustainable building, also known as “green Roger Williams University; Michael Horman,
building.” Pennsylvania State University; Roger Killings-
Some illustrations have been updated through- worth, Auburn University; and W. Ronald Woods,
out the text to reflect changes in construction equip- University of Florida, Florida Community College
ment and to illustrate current construction at Jacksonville. A special thank you to Ronald
practices. Questions at the end of each chapter Woods for his thorough evaluation, comments,
review the highlights of each chapter. and suggestions and to Marion Andres for her as-
It is a continued wish that students involved in sistance in writing, proofreading, and editing the
all disciplines related to the construction process manuscript. My sincere gratitude to all the people
will find this text beneficial. at Prentice Hall for their expertise and unwavering
effort over the years in the publishing of Principles
and Practices of Commercial Construction and a
ONLINE INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL continuing thank you to Project Managers Holly
Shufeldt, and Kris Roach, who have kept the whole
An online instructor’s manual (ISBN: 0-13-159924-0) process running smoothly during the production
with answers to all review questions is available. of the last two editions.
To access supplementary materials online, instruc-
tors need to request an instructor access code. Cameron K. Andres, P. Eng.

vi Preface
 BRIEF CONTENTS

1 Site Investigation 1 11 Floor Systems and Industrial

Flooring 399
2 Site Layout 21
12 Roof Systems and Industrial
3 Excavations and Excavating Roofing 431
Equipment 65
13 Masonry Construction 479
4 Site Development and Services 117
14 Curtain Wall Construction 511
5 Foundations 135
15 Building Insulation 531
6 Formwork 160
16 Finishing 555
7 Concrete Work 233
Glossary 591
8 Structural Timber Frame 289
Index 595
9 Reinforced Concrete Frame 323

10 Structural Steel Frame 365

vii
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