503.

03

1 SECTION 503 - CONCRETE STRUCTURES

2
3 503.01 Description. This section describes construction of concrete bridges,
4 grade separations, culverts, head walls, retaining walls, and other concrete
5 structures.
6
7 503.02 Materials.
8
9 Structural Concrete 601
10
11 Reinforcing Steel 602
12
13 Joint Filler 705.01
14
15 Joint Sealer 705.04
16
17 Flashing Compound 705.05
18
19 Waterproofing 705.06
20
21 Waterstops 705.07
22
23 Dowels 709.01(E)
24
25 Curing Materials 711.01
26
27 Admixtures 711.03
28
29 Bearing Devices and Related Materials 712.09
30
31 Abrasive Coating 712.11
32
33 503.03 Construction.
34
35 (A) Foundation. Excavate and backfill foundations in accordance with
36 Section 205 - Excavation and Backfill for Bridge and Retaining Structures,
37 Section 206 – Excavation and Backfill for Drainage Facilities and as indicated
38 in the contract documents.
39
40 Elevation of bottom of footings shown is approximate only. Upon
41 completion of excavation work, request that the Engineer inspect foundation.
42 The Engineer may order changes in dimensions or elevations of footings as
43 may be necessary to secure a satisfactory foundation.
44
45 Backfill unauthorized excavation made below required footing
46 elevation or beyond lines shown, with Class D concrete. When foundation

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47 requires redesign because of unauthorized excavation, the Contractor shall

48 engage the services of a Hawaii Licensed Structural Engineer to prepare
49 detailed drawings of a redesigned footing. Submit redesign proposal and
50 after the Engineer reviews and accepts proposal, construct redesigned
51 foundation at no additional increase in contract price or contract time. Claim
52 for delay or additional cost resulting from foundation redesign will not be
53 allowed. The State will deduct costs to review the redesign from the
54 Contractor.
55
56 Place pilings in accordance with Section 505 - Piling. Place drilled
57 shafts in accordance with Section 511 – Drilled Shafts.
58
59 (B) Falsework, Formwork, or Centering. Falsework, formwork, or
60 centering is temporary construction work on which other work is wholly or
61 partially supported until permanent construction is strong enough to support
62 itself. This includes form lining and sheathing, as well as necessary
63 supporting members, hardware, and bracing.
64
65 Submit falsework and centering erection plans including soil bearing
66 value, stress sheets, superstructure placing diagram and sequence,
67 falsework and centering removal procedures, and design calculations for
68 falsework and centering, as a complete package, stamped and signed by a
69 Hawaii Licensed Structural Engineer. Submit manufacturer's certificates or
70 perform tests, as necessary, to demonstrate adequacy of devices proposed
71 for use or to verify design assumptions.
72
73 Do not start falsework, formwork, or centering construction until the
74 Engineer has accepted drawings and calculations. Acceptance of drawings
75 or inspections of system by the Engineer does not relieve the Contractor from
76 responsibility of results obtained by using such drawings and calculations.
77
78 Use AASHTO LRFD Bridge Specifications for design of falsework,
79 formwork, or centering. For allowable stresses not specified in AASHTO,
80 structural engineer may use UBC/ICBO industry specifications or codes upon
81 acceptance. Avoid cantilevered falsework members. Limit maximum
82 deflection due to weight of dead and live loads to 0.4 percent of span.
83 Provide camber strips to compensate for deflections or other movements
84 greater than 1/4 inch.
85
86 Take length of spans to be the smaller of center-to-center distance
87 between supports or clear span plus member depth. Design formwork for
88 bottom slab of box girders to carry dead and live loads of both top and
89 bottom slabs, as well as loads of webs, unless calculations indicate bottom
90 slab is to carry loads of top slabs temporarily imposed upon it.
91

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91 Arrange falsework system so that loads imposed produce symmetrical

92 and approximately equal reactions. Submit falsework soil pressure, pile
93 capacity, and ground preparation, with supporting data and documentation.
94 Show these items on working drawings. When structures cross over
95 waterways and other flood prone areas, use special consideration in design
96 of supporting falsework to prevent reduction in support capacity due to
97 effects of water.
98
99 Design load for falsework or centering includes dead and live vertical
100 loads, slope load of structure, and lateral loads. Minimum vertical live load to
101 be used in design is 50 pounds per square foot of surface area plus 150
102 pounds per linear foot, applied at outside edge of cantilevered members.
103 Add minimum vertical live load to actual weight of required construction
104 equipment. Use minimum lateral load in design to be the greater of either 3
105 percent of total dead load or 150 pounds per linear foot. Apply minimum
106 lateral load at top surface of falsework support.
107
108 When falsework is over or adjacent to existing roadways, install
109 falsework system to withstand vehicle impact and maintain until falsework
110 removal.
111
112 Show stresses and deflections of load supporting members in design
113 calculations. Show anticipated total settlements of falsework and forms on
114 falsework drawings, including falsework footing pressure and settlement, and
115 joint take-up. Construct deck slab form between girders with no allowance
116 for settlement relative to girders. Do not exceed 1 inch for anticipated
117 settlements of falsework. Provide tell-tales attached to soffit forms, readable
118 from the ground, at sufficient locations to determine total settlements
119 resulting from concrete placement. Discontinue concrete placement when
120 settlements deviate more than ± 3/8 inch from those indicated on falsework
121 drawings. In such affected areas, provide corrective measures prior to initial
122 set of concrete. Remove unacceptable concrete.
123
124 In designing falsework and centering, assume weight of 160 pounds
125 per cubic foot for concrete. Design and construct falsework to provide
126 necessary rigidity and to support loads without appreciable settlement or
127 deformation. Use screw jacks or hardwood wedges to take up settlement in
128 formwork either before or during placement of concrete. Design falsework for
129 support of superstructure to support loads that would be superimposed as if
130 entire superstructure were placed at once. Design vertical falsework
131 members supporting spans with single hinge, or double hinges within span,
132 for twice tributary falsework requirements at distance of 10 feet on each side
133 of hinges, measured parallel to centerline of girder. Apply requirement to
134 conventionally reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Design
135 falsework for prestressed concrete structures for additional loads caused by
136 prestressing.

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137
138 Place falsework or centering upon footing safe against undermining
139 and softening when footing type foundations are to be used. Show bearing
140 value of soil in shop drawings of falsework or centering.
141
142 When used, space, drive, and remove falsework piling as accepted by
143 the Engineer. Set falsework to give finished structure camber specified.
144 Construct arch centering in accordance with centering plans accepted by the
145 Engineer. Make provisions for gradual lowering of centers and for rendering
146 arch self-supporting. Use jacks to correct slight settlement that may occur
147 during placement of concrete.
148
149 In design of bottom slab plywood forms and timber joists for concrete
150 box girders, top slab loads may be omitted when placing top slab separately
151 from webs and bottom slab.
152
153 If lost post method of concrete box girder deck forming is used, 2 by 6
154 continuous mudsills beneath posts will not be required when 2 by 4 or smaller
155 timber posts, with soft wood wedges, are used for supports.
156
157 Use manufactured items conforming to AASHTO standards. When
158 items are not covered by AASHTO, use standards of nationally known
159 organizations such as AISC for steel, ACI for concrete, and NFPA for lumber.
160 In all cases, furnish data listing manufacturer's design criteria conforming to
161 design specifications and recommendations, or perform tests, as necessary,
162 to show adequacy of proposed device.
163
164 Install falsework lighting in accordance with Section 633 – Falsework
165 Lighting.
166
167 (C) Forms.
168
169 (1) Construction. Use wood or metal forms that are mortar tight
170 and sufficiently rigid to prevent distortion due to pressure of concrete
171 and other loads, including vibration, incidental to construction.
172 Construct and maintain forms to prevent joints from opening.
173
174 Unless otherwise indicated in the contract documents, place
175 minimum 3/4 inch by 3/4 inch chamfer at sharp corners. Give girder
176 and coping forms a bevel or draft to ensure easy removal.
177
178 Set and maintain forms true to lines designated. When forms
179 appear to be unsatisfactory, either before or during concrete
180 placement, the Engineer may stop work until defects are corrected.
181

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181
182 When forms are submerged in water and concrete is placed in
183 the dry, make forms watertight below high water level.
184
185 Cover knotholes and damaged areas in wood forms with metal
186 patches.
187
188 Control rate of depositing concrete in forms to prevent form
189 deflection or form panels that exceed permitted deflections. When
190 structure height is greater than 6 feet, submit rate of depositing
191 concrete.
192
193 Use forms for concrete surfaces not completely enclosed or
194 hidden below permanent ground surface that conform to
195 requirements, in this subsection, for exposed-surface forms. Interior
196 surfaces of underground drainage structures will be considered
197 completely enclosed surfaces.
198
199 Before using forming systems for exposed surfaces, submit
200 form design and materials data for each system.
201
202 Design and construct forms for exposed concrete surfaces so
203 that formed surface of concrete does not undulate excessively
204 between studs, joists, form stiffeners, form fasteners, or walls.
205 Undulations exceeding either 3/32 inch or 1/270 of center-to-center
206 distance between studs, joists, form stiffeners, form fasteners, or walls
207 will be considered to be excessive. The Engineer will reject portions
208 of concrete structure with surface undulations over limits specified
209 herein.
210
211 Form exposed surfaces of each concrete structure element
212 with same forming material or with materials that produce similar
213 concrete surface textures, color, and appearance.
214
215 For exposed surfaces, provide form panel facing consisting of
216 continuous sections of form facing material, unbroken by joint marks,
217 against which concrete is placed.
218
219 (2) Form Lumber. Use form lumber, except for curved and
220 special surfaces, of five ply panel boards or dressed shiplap, used
221 with or without form liners. Rough lumber may be used for unexposed
222 surfaces in finished structure. Three-ply panel boards may be used
223 for forming soffit of unexposed portions of box girder top slabs.
224

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224 Use plywood conforming to latest edition of "United States

225 Product Standard PS-1 for Construction and Industrial Plywood" for
226 forms. Place form panels in uniform widths of not less than 36 inches
227 and in uniform lengths of not less than 6 feet, except where
228 dimensions of members formed are less than specified panel
229 dimensions. Place plywood panels with grain of outer plys in direction
230 of span.
231
232 Place form panels in neat, symmetrical pattern, subject to
233 acceptance of the Engineer. Place panels with long dimension
234 horizontal and with horizontal joints level and continuous. Stagger
235 and position perpendicular to vertical joints, as shown in the contract
236 documents.
237
238 (3) Form Ties. Use form ties of sufficient strength and number to
239 hold form securely in place and prevent spreading of forms during
240 concrete placement. The following will not be allowed:
241
242 (a) Ties consisting of twisted wire loops to hold forms in
243 position.
244
245 (b) Non-metallic forming ties, anchorages, forming supports
246 or other accessories that may be embedded permanently in
247 concrete.
248
249 (c) Driven type anchorages for fastening forms or form
250 supports to concrete.
251
252 Construct form ties or anchorages within forms to permit
253 removal to depth of at least 1 inch from face, without injury to
254 concrete. Design fittings for form ties or anchorages so that, upon
255 removal, cavities left are of the smallest possible size. Fill cavities
256 completely with cement mortar and leave surface sound, smooth,
257 even, and uniform in color.
258
259 (4) Walls. For narrow walls and columns where bottom of form is
260 inaccessible, leave lower form boards loose.
261
262 (5) Surface Treatment. Immediately before each use, clean and
263 treat forms with non-staining form oil that will permit ready release of
264 forms and will not discolor concrete.
265
266 (6) Metal Forms. Specifications for forms regarding design,
267 mortar tightness, filleted corners, beveled projections, bracing,
268 alignment, removal, reuse, and oiling apply to metal forms. Metal
269 thickness used for forms shall be such that forms will remain true to

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270 shape. Countersink bolts and rivet heads. Design clamps, pins, or
271 other connecting devices to hold forms rigidly together and to allow
272 removal without injury to concrete. Metal forms that are rough or
273 crooked will not be allowed.
274
275 (7) Reuse of Forms. Maintain shape, strength, rigidity,
276 watertightness, and surface smoothness of reused forms. Resize
277 warped or bulged lumber before using.
278
279 (D) Removal of Falsework and Forms. Before removing shoring
280 beneath beams or girders, remove forms from columns to allow the Engineer
281 to inspect condition of column concrete.
282
283 Remove supports using method that permits concrete to uniformly and
284 gradually take stresses caused by its own weight.
285
286 In continuous or rigid frame structures, release falsework only after
287 last concrete (excluding concrete above bridge deck) in that span and first
288 adjoining spans on each side have been in place for 14 days. For falsework
289 removal, consider spans with a single hinge within span to be continuous.
290 Consider hinges of suspended spans within a bridge, as ends of bridge, for
291 determining shoring requirements. In structures of these types, remove
292 falsework gradually and uniformly over whole length.
293
294 After placing concrete, remove or release falsework and forms no
295 earlier than removal times specified in Table 503.03-1 – Removal of
296 Falsework and Forms. The Engineer will determine exact removal time.
297
TABLE 503.03-1 - REMOVAL OF FALSEWORK AND FORMS
Railing and Barriers – 4 Hours and Concrete Has Hardened
Centering Under Beams, Arches, And Other Members - 14 Days
Slabs With Maximum
Thickness of (Inches) 9 12 more than 12
Removal Time (Days) 7 10 14
Walls, Columns, and 40
Vertical Sides of Beams 2 5 10 20 30 or
With Maximum Height of More
(Feet)
Removal Time (Days) 0.5 1 2 3 5 7
Note: Where forms also support vertical or horizontal loads imposed on
slab or beam soffits, use longer requirements for removal time.

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298
299 Do not release falsework for cast-in-place prestressed portions of
300 structures until after prestressing steel has been tensioned.
301
302 Do not release falsework supporting overhangs and girder stems that
303 slope 45 degrees or more off vertical until 7 days after placing deck concrete.
304 If reshoring system is installed, falsework supporting sides of girder stems
305 that slope less than 45 degrees off vertical may be removed prior to placing
306 deck slab concrete. Design reshoring system, consisting of lateral supports,
307 to resist rotational forces acting on stem, including those caused by
308 placement of deck slab concrete. Install reshoring system immediately after
309 each form panel is removed and prior to release of supports for adjacent form
310 panel.
311
312 Do not remove falsework and forms supporting bottom slab of box
313 girders until 14 days after final top slab is placed. Remove forms for webs of
314 box girders before placing deck slab. Forms supporting concrete top slab of
315 box girder may be left in place. Completely remove interior forms in box
316 girders except those permitted to remain in place. Where minimum crawl
317 space dimensions and unobstructed access to enclosed utilities are provided,
318 interior forms of box girders may be left in place. Clear and sweep loose
319 material from inside of box girder.
320
321 Removal time of falsework may be reduced to 10 days when concrete
322 test specimens develop compressive strengths equal to or greater than
323 required 28-day compressive strength. Cure concrete test specimen in
324 accordance with paragraph 9.4 of AASHTO T 23.
325
326 After removing forms of railing or barriers, protect exposed concrete
327 surfaces from damage after form removal.
328
329 Falsework for concrete box culverts and other concrete structures with
330 top slabs or decks lower than roadway pavement and with spans of 14 feet or
331 less, may be released when concrete strength reaches 1,500 psi, provided
332 top slab is reshored and the curing of the concrete is not interrupted. Do not
333 impose loads (including backfill) on structure until concrete attains required
334 28-day compressive strength.
335
336 (E) Loading. Inducing loading, outside its own weight, onto any part of a
337 structure, except abutment walls and wing walls, will not be allowed until the
338 following conditions have been met: at least 15 days have elapsed since
339 placing concrete; and test specimens show that concrete has developed
340 compressive strength of either 3,000 psi or required 28-day compressive
341 strength, whichever is greater.
342

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342 Material storage of any kind on structure, within 15 days of concrete

343 placement, will not be allowed. After a minimum of 15 days have elapsed
344 since concrete placement, materials weighing no more than 50 percent of
345 design live load may be stored on structure. Submit shop drawings showing
346 locations and weights of stored materials.
347
348 Release falsework before placing loads on structure.
349
350 Live loads will not be allowed on completed portions of structure when
351 such live loads will produce more than allowable stresses permitted by
352 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.
353
354 Backfill abutment and wing walls in accordance with Section 205 -
355 Excavation and Backfill for Bridge and Retaining Structures.
356
357 (F) Placing Concrete.
358
359 (1) General. Place and consolidate concrete by methods that
360 shall not cause aggregate segregation or unsound concrete and shall
361 result in dense, homogeneous concrete, free of voids, rock pockets
362 and other defects. Use concrete while it is plastic and has sufficient
363 workability for placement. Retempering or remixing concrete that has
364 partially partially hardened will not be allowed. Allow no more than 30
365 minute interval between placement of two consecutive batches or
366 partially hardened will not be allowed. Allow no more than 30 minute
367 interval between placement of two consecutive batches or loads of
368 concrete.
369
370 Do not deviate from schedule for placing concrete without
371 permission from the Engineer.
372
373 Water blast laitance and foreign material and moisten interface
374 surfaces with water immediately before placing concrete over
375 subgrade or construction joint.
376
377 Submit method and sequence of concrete placement. Place
378 concrete on structure only after forms have been cleared of debris and
379 the Engineer has checked and accepted forms and reinforcing steel.
380
381 Place concrete for foundations, bottom slabs of box culverts,
382 and aprons on ground that is free from water. Dewater, sheath, place
383 filter material, and do other work, as required by field conditions, to
384 ensure saturated surface dry foundation bed. Costs for obtaining
385 saturated surface dry foundation bed will be included in price for
386 structure excavation.
387

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388 Excavate and place sides of concrete or masonry footings not

389 supported on piles or rock to neat lines.
390
391 Begin placing concrete at low point and proceed upgrade.
392 Remove struts, stays, braces, or blockings when concrete placed has
393 reached elevation rendering them unnecessary.
394
395 Deposit concrete in approximate horizontal layers to avoid
396 flowing along forms. When less than a complete layer is placed in
397 one operation, terminate layer in vertical bulkhead. Layer depth shall
398 not exceed 20 inches and shall be such that succeeding layer shall be
399 placed before previous layer has attained its initial set. Place
400 concrete in layers than can be satisfactorily consolidated with
401 vibrators.
402
403 Thoroughly work external surface of concrete with vibrator.
404 Work to force coarse aggregate from surface and to bring mortar
405 against forms, producing a smooth finish, nearly free from water and
406 air pockets, and honeycomb.
407
408 Fill each part of form by depositing concrete as close to final
409 position as possible. Work coarse aggregate back from forms and
410 around reinforcement without displacing bars. After initial set of
411 concrete, do not jar forms and do not place stress on ends of
412 projecting reinforcing.
413
414 After concrete placement stops, remove accumulations of
415 mortar on reinforcing steel and surfaces of forms, before next
416 concrete placement. If concrete is wet, prevent dried mortar chips,
417 other foreign material, and dust from falling onto wet concrete surface.
418 If concrete has set, clean reinforcing steel in a manner that will not be
419 detrimental to concrete-steel bond.
420
421 (2) Box Culverts. Place and allow base slab or footings of box
422 culverts to set at least 12 hours before constructing remainder of
423 culvert. Monolithically construct sidewalls and top slab of box culverts
424 4 feet or less, in height.
425
426 When constructing box culverts that are more than 4 feet in
427 height, place and allow concrete in walls to set at least 12 hours
428 before placing top slab. Provide appropriate keys in sidewalls for
429 anchoring top slab.
430
431 (3) Box Girder Spans. Place bottom slab of box girder spans
432 monolithically with girder stems.
433

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434 Top slab of box girders may be placed 10 days after placing
435 bottom slabs and stems, provided concrete test specimens of bottom
436 slab and stem concrete have attained compressive strength equal to
437 or greater than 3,000 psi. Cure concrete test specimens in
438 accordance with paragraph 9.4 of AASHTO T 23.
439
440 Place concrete in columns in one continuous operation.
441
442 Allow concrete to set at least 12 hours before placing columns,
443 caps, or beams.
444
445 Do not place horizontal members or sections until concrete in
446 supporting vertical members or sections has consolidated and
447 shrinkage has occurred. When plans require construction joints, allow
448 at least 12 hours to elapse between concrete placements.
449
450 Do not place concrete in superstructure until column forms
451 have been stripped sufficiently to determine character of column
452 concrete. Do not allow superstructure loads to be placed on bents or
453 piers until bents have been in place at least 14 days.
454
455 Do not place concrete in suspended span until adjacent
456 continuous spans are complete in place.
457
458 In structures with one or two hinges in a span, place supporting
459 ends of hinges, including top slabs, before placing supported end.
460
461 Do not place concrete sidewalks and curbs not monolithic with
462 bridge deck until falsework for spans has been released.
463
464 (4) Chutes and Troughs. The use of aluminum for chutes,
465 tremies, troughs or pipes will not be allowed. Place concrete so as to
466 avoid segregation of materials and displacement of reinforcement.
467
468 When plans require steep slopes, equip chutes with baffle
469 boards, or furnish chutes in short lengths that reverse direction of
470 movement.
471
472 Use of long troughs, chutes, and pipes of minimum 6-inch
473 diameter will be allowed only with written authorization by the
474 Engineer. Incline chutes or pipes to allow concrete to flow at required
475 consistency. Addition of water to concrete mix to promote free flow in
476 chutes of low inclination will not be allowed.
477

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477 Do not drop concrete into forms from vertical distance of more
478 than 5 feet unless confined by closed chutes or pipes.
479
480 Keep chutes, troughs, and pipes clean and free from coatings
481 of hardened concrete by thoroughly flushing them with water after
482 each run. Discharge flushing water away from in-place concrete.
483
484 (5) Vibrating. Consolidate concrete, except for concrete placed
485 under water, using high frequency internal vibrators. Minimum
486 transmitted vibration frequency shall be 4,500 impulses per minute,
487 and shall be such as to visibly affect mass of concrete of 1-inch slump
488 over radius of at least 18 inches. Use sufficient number of vibrators to
489 properly consolidate incoming concrete within 15 minutes after
490 depositing concrete in forms. Make at least two vibrators available at
491 structure site when placing more than 25 cubic yards of concrete.
492 Apply vibrators at uniformly spaced points and not farther apart than is
493 visibly effective. Attaching vibrators to or holding them against forms
494 or reinforcing steel will not be allowed. Insert vibrators in vertical
495 position at a uniform spacing over the entire concrete placement area.
496 Dragging vibrators through concrete will not be allowed.
497
498 External vibrators accepted by the Engineer may be used to
499 consolidate concrete when concrete is inaccessible for adequate
500 consolidation, provided forms are constructed sufficiently rigid to resist
501 displacement or damage from external vibration.
502
503 When required, supplement vibration by hand spading with
504 suitable tools to ensure proper and adequate compaction. Manipulate
505 vibrators to work concrete thoroughly around reinforcement and
506 imbedded fixtures; and into corners and angles of forms. Using
507 vibrators to cause concrete to flow or run into position, instead of
508 placing, will not be allowed. Vibrate sufficiently to compact, but avoid
509 prolonging vibration to the point where segregation occurs.
510
511 (6) Depositing Concrete Underwater. Do not deposit concrete
512 underwater except cofferdam seals, tremie concrete, and drilled shaft
513 concrete. Use seal concrete conforming to Section 601 – Structural
514 Concrete for cofferdam seal concrete deposited underwater. Deposit
515 drilled shaft concrete underwater in accordance with Section 511 –
516 Drilled Shafts.
517
518 Place concrete underwater in a compact mass in its final
519 position by tremie or closed-bottom dump bucket. Do not disturb
520 deposited concrete after placement. Maintain still water at point of
521 deposit.
522

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523 Tremie consists of a tube having inside diameter at least 6

524 times the maximum size of aggregate used in concrete mix and not
525 less than 10 inches, constructed in sections having flanged couplings,
526 fitted with gaskets. Tremie shall not contain aluminum parts that will
527 come in contact with concrete, including pump and discharge lines.
528 Equip tube with receiving hopper at the top and device that closes
529 discharge end to prevent water from entering tube, while tube is being
530 charged with concrete. Support tremie to permit free movement of
531 discharge end over entire top surface of work and rapid lowering,
532 when necessary, to retard or stop flow of concrete.
533
534 Close and seal discharge end entirely at start of work to
535 prevent water from entering tube. Keep tremie tube full to bottom of
536 hopper. When a batch is dumped into hopper, induce concrete flow
537 by slightly raising discharge end, always keeping discharge end in
538 deposited concrete. Maintain continuous flow until work is completed.
539
540 Use underwater bucket with open top and bottom doors that
541 open freely outward, when tripped. Completely fill and slowly lower
542 bucket, to avoid backwash. Discharge bucket only when bucket rests
543 on surface upon which concrete is to be deposited. After discharge,
544 raise bucket slowly until well above concrete. The use of bottom
545 dump buckets for bottom seal around foundation piling will not be
546 allowed.
547
548 Submit concrete seal design calculations and working
549 drawings, prepared, stamped, and signed by Hawaii Licensed
550 Structural Engineer. Exact thickness of concrete seal shall depend
551 upon hydrostatic head, bond, pile spacing, and cofferdam size.
552 Construct concrete seal after the Engineer accepts design. Allow seal
553 to remain in place for not less than 7 days before dewatering. After
554 sufficient time has elapsed, dewater cofferdam and remove scum,
555 laitance, and sediment from concrete. Before depositing fresh footing
556 concrete, remove local high spots, as necessary, to ensure proper
557 clearance for footing reinforcing steel.
558
559 (7) Hot Weather Concreting. Do not place concrete where
560 temperature is above 90 degrees F unless design mix and placement
561 method conform to ACI 305 R-91 Hot Weather Concreting. When
562 ambient temperature is above 90 degrees F, cool reinforcing steel,
563 forms, and other surfaces to below 90 degrees F with water spray or
564 other acceptable methods before placing of concrete.
565

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565
566 (G) Joints.
567
568 (1) Construction Joints. Place construction joints only at
569 locations indicated in the contract documents, perpendicular to
570 principal lines of stress and at points of minimum shear.
571
572 After placing substrate concrete to construction joint and letting
573 concrete set, thoroughly clean by abrasive blast cleaning, the entire
574 joint surface, including projecting reinforcement. Remove laitance,
575 curing compound, and other material foreign to concrete, and expose
576 cleaned coarse aggregate, and roughen construction joint surface to
577 full amplitude of approximately 1/4 inch, after curing period or
578 immediately before placing concrete on substrate concrete at
579 construction joint, whichever occurs first.
580
581 Before placing new concrete, draw forms tightly against
582 concrete already in place. Thoroughly clean, water blast laitance and
583 foreign material, and saturate old surface with water to a saturated
584 surface-dry condition immediately before placing new concrete. Place
585 concrete in substructures so that horizontal construction joints are
586 truly horizontal. Where possible, place joints such that they will be
587 hidden from view in finished structure. Where vertical construction
588 joints are necessary, extend reinforcing bars across joint to make
589 structure monolithic. Do not place construction joints through paneled
590 wing walls or other large surfaces that are to be treated architecturally.
591
592 When construction joint is necessary because of emergency,
593 furnish and place reinforcing steel across construction joint as ordered
594 by the Engineer, at no increase in contract price or contract time.
595
596 (2) Expansion Joints. Construct expansion joints of type and in
597 location indicated in the contract documents. Expansion joints may be
598 of friction, open, filled compression, mortise, or special type.
599
600 (a) Metal Friction Joints. Metal friction joints include cast
601 iron or bronze plates. Anchor plates in correct position. Plane
602 sliding surfaces true and smooth by following direction of
603 movement of structure with planing tool. Do not impede
604 movement by allowing surfaces to make contact, except for
605 bearing surfaces.
606
607 (b) Open Joints. Construct open joints of removable
608 bulkheading forms so that forms may be removed without
609 damage to concrete.
610

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611 (c) Filled Compression Joints. Construct filled

612 compression joints with premolded expansion joint filler. Cut
613 preformed joint filler to same shape as area to be covered.
614 Furnish one-piece, preformed joint filler, sized to leave 1/4-inch
615 gap along exposed surfaces. When specified, punch holes to
616 accommodate dowels. Fix preformed joint filler firmly against
617 surface of concrete already in place with cold asphalt roofing
618 cement conforming to ASTM D 4586. When necessary to use
619 more than one piece to cover surface, fasten and hold abutting
620 ends in shape by stapling. Cover joint between separate
621 pieces with layer of two-ply roofing felt, and cover one side with
622 cold asphalt roofing cement conforming to ASTM D 4586. Fill
623 1/4-inch space along edges at exposed faces with wooden
624 strips of same thickness as joint material. Saturate wooden
625 strips with oil and provide sufficient draft to make wooden strips
626 readily removable after placing concrete. Immediately after
627 removing forms, inspect expansion joint. Clean and remove
628 concrete or mortar that may have sealed across joint.
629
630 (d) Mortised Joints. Construct mortised joints where
631 indicated in the contract documents. Mortised joints include a
632 concrete or metal part sliding in a concrete or metal socket.
633 Construct joint to be watertight, rustproof, and free to move in
634 two directions.
635
636 (e) Steel Joints. Steel joints include plates, angles, or
637 other structural shapes. Shape steel joints accurately at shop
638 to conform to section of concrete deck. Fabricate and paint
639 steel joints in accordance with requirements indicated in the
640 contract documents. When specified, zinc-coat material
641 instead of painting. Keep surface of finished plate true and
642 free of warping. Maintain joints in correct position during
643 concrete placement. Set opening at expansion joints as
644 indicated in the contract documents. Avoid impairment of joint
645 clearance.
646
647 Place metal joints so that they are free from kinks. Rivet
648 and solder joints. At bends, use one-piece strip.
649
650 Remove stones, forms, and other foreign matter that
651 might interfere with joint efficiency.

652 (f) Waterstops. When required, furnish and install

653 waterstops as indicated in the contract documents. Position
654 waterstops correctly in formwork, so that bulb is aligned and
655 centered with joint opening. Vibrate concrete surrounding

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 503.03

656 imbedded waterstops to attain impervious concrete near joints.

657 Cut and splice waterstops at changes in direction, as
658 necessary, to avoid buckling or distortion of web or flange.
659 Field splice waterstops in accordance with Subsection 705.07 -
660 Waterstop.

661 (3) Contraction Joints. Place contraction joints in walls and other
662 structures at spacing of not more than 30 feet on centers, at locations
663 indicated in the contract documents, at abrupt changes in height or
664 thickness, and at obtuse corners unless otherwise directed by the
665 Engineer.
666
667 (H) Waterproofing. Make concrete surfaces smooth and free from holes
668 and projections that might puncture waterproofing membrane. Dry and clean
669 surfaces thoroughly of dust and loose materials before waterproofing. Do not
670 waterproof in wet weather or when temperature is below 65 degrees F.
671
672 Waterproofing includes coat of primer applied to concrete surface,
673 firmly bonded membrane composed of two layers of saturated fabric
674 conforming to ASTM D 1668,, and three moppings of waterproofing asphalt.
675
676 Apply coat of primer to surface, extending 12 inches on each side of
677 joint. Allow primer to dry before first application of asphalt. Heat asphalt to
678 temperature between 300 degrees F and 350 degrees F. Mop asphalt
679 thoroughly onto surface.
680
681 Place 18-inch-wide strip of fabric immediately on hot asphalt.
682 Carefully press fabric into place to eliminate trapped air bubbles and to obtain
683 close contact with surface.
684
685 Apply second layer of asphalt onto fabric, 3 inches beyond edges.
686 Immediately following operation, press second layer of fabric into place on
687 top of first layer.
688
689 Apply third and final layer of asphalt onto fabric, 3 inches beyond
690 edges. Use 12-inch laps at ends of fabric.
691
692 Apply primer to concrete surface at rate of one gallon per 100 square
693 feet. Apply asphalt at rate of 15 gallons per 100 square feet of finished work.
694

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694
695 (I) Joint Sealing.
696
697 (1) Joint Seal (Poured) for Bridge Deck. Immediately before
698 applying joint sealer, clean joints thoroughly by abrasive blasting.
699 Remove mortar, laitance, scale, dirt, dust, oil, and other foreign
700 matter, then blow out joint with high pressure, oil-free compressed air
701 to remove residue.
702
703 Apply joint sealer after the Engineer inspects and accepts joint;
704 and only when concrete and ambient temperatures are not less than
705 50 degrees F and no greater than temperature allowed by
706 manufacturer.
707
708 Apply joint sealer so that joints are filled without forming air
709 holes and discontinuities. Top of joint sealer shall be 1/4 inch below
710 finished surface.
711
712 Remove joint sealer that does not do the following: cure to
713 homogeneous and rubber-like compound; bond to joint faces; or
714 comply with other requirements of this section.
715
716 Reclean joint and place new joint sealer at no increase in
717 contract price or contract time.
718
719 After completion of joint sealing, prohibit vehicles from traveling
720 over joints until the Engineer grants permission.
721
722 (2) Joint Seal (Preformed) for Bridge Deck. Immediately before
723 installing joint sealer, clean joint thoroughly to remove mortar,
724 laitance, scale, dirt, dust, oil, and other foreign matter.
725
726 Install seal so that it will not be abraded by traffic and will
727 effectively keep foreign material from entering joint. Correct spalls
728 and protrusions in joint before installation.
729
730 Install preformed seal in one continuous piece without field
731 splices.
732
733 Place seal so that its top edge is 1/4 inch below riding surface,
734 and in a plane normal to sides of groove.
735
736 Place top edge of gasket in contact with vertical walls of joint.
737 Repair spalls and other unsound concrete. Depress seal below minor
738 spalls so that its top edge is in contact with vertical wall of joint.
739

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740 Twisting, curling, and nicking of seal will not be allowed.

741
742 Protect joint from intrusion of earth, gravel, mortar, or other
743 foreign matter so that structure can expand and contract as designed.
744
745 Groove width indicated in the contract documents is width of
746 expansion joint at time of concrete placement. When width is less
747 than manufacturer's minimum width for proper installation of joint seal,
748 defer installation until concrete has been placed. Install seal after
749 increasing joint width to width equal or greater than minimum width
750 recommended by manufacturer.
751
752 Steel angle protective nosing assembly shall extend beyond
753 curb line and shall terminate 1 inch from edge of deck.
754
755 (3) Flashing Compound for Joints. At retaining wall joints and
756 other construction joints indicated in the contract documents in contact
757 with soil, apply flashing compound as recommended by manufacturer.
758
759 (J) Concrete Exposed to Sea Water. In concrete structures exposed to
760 sea water, construction joints will not be allowed between levels of extreme
761 low water and extreme high water, as indicated in the contract documents.
762 Between these levels, leave forms in place for at least 30 days.
763
764 (K) Protection and Curing. Protect concrete from mechanical damage
765 and damage caused by exposure to sun, rain, and flowing water. Do not
766 allow concrete to dry out from time of concrete placement until end of
767 minimum curing period. Minimum curing period shall be as follows:
768
769 (1) Cure structures for at least 7 days. Maintain temperature of
770 structural concrete at not less than 45 degrees F for 72 hours after
771 placing. Maintain temperature at not less than 40 degrees F for an
772 additional 4 days. Submit written outline of proposed method for
773 protecting concrete.
774
775 (2) Cast-in-place parts of a structure to be submerged permanently
776 in freshwater, may be cured for a period sufficient to prevent washing
777 out of cement, and then submerged immediately.
778
779 (3) Cure with freshwater for at least 5 days, cast-in-place parts of a
780 structure to be submerged permanently in brackish or seawater. Then
781 submerge in accordance with Subsection 503.03(J) - Concrete
782 Exposed to Sea Water.
783
784 (L) Curing Methods. Cure concrete for cast-in place structures, other
785 than bridge decks, by water curing, impervious membrane curing, or forms-

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786 in-place curing. Cure full width of concrete bridge decks using a combination
787 of impervious membrane curing and water curing. Cure concrete surfaces
788 that are to receive Class 2 Rubbed Finish, by water curing or forms-in-place
789 curing. Cure surfaces of construction joints by application of water curing or
790 non-membrane curing compound that seals concrete without reducing
791 interface bonding capacity. Before applying curing compound, submit
792 proposed curing methods, including copies of test results and manufacturer's
793 catalogue. Precast concrete members may be steam cured in accordance
794 with Subsection 504.03(G) - Curing.
795
796 (1) Water Curing. Water cure by keeping concrete continuously
797 wet with fresh water, using water sprays, acceptable water saturated
798 coverings, or ponding. Keep wood forms that remain in place
799 sufficiently damp to prevent opening at joints and drying of concrete.
800
801 After surface water has evaporated, apply moisture to concrete
802 surface using fog spray nozzle. Continue applying moisture to surface
803 until regular curing begins. Use adequate water supply and sufficient
804 moisture to fog and water cure concrete without damaging surface or
805 texture of concrete.
806
807 Begin water curing for bridge decks after curing compound is
808 applied and immediately after concrete surface is hard enough to
809 receive water without damaging surface or texture of concrete.
810 Continue water curing until end of specified curing period.
811
812 Prevent curing water from falling on traveled roadways under
813 structure. Channel curing water away from falsework and structure
814 foundations.
815
816 (2) Impervious Membrane Curing. Seal concrete surface
817 thoroughly with liquid membrane-forming compound. Apply
818 compound uniformly in two or more applications. Use ratio of at least
819 1 gallon for each 125 square feet of concrete surface.
820
821 Use curing compounds that will not permanently darken
822 concrete on exposed surfaces of completed structure. Except for full
823 width of bridge decks, do not apply membrane curing compound on
824 surface to which concrete is to be bonded or to which waterproofing or
825 epoxy is to be applied.
826
827 Keep concrete surfaces moist before applying impervious
828 membrane. If membrane film is broken or damaged during specified
829 curing period, apply new treatment to affected area, duplicating first
830 application.
831

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 503.03

832 (3) Forms-In-Place Curing. Cure formed surfaces of concrete by

833 retaining forms in place. Maintain forms in place for minimum period
834 of 7 days after concrete placement. Keep all form joints and joints
835 between end of forms and concrete, moisture-tight during curing
836 period. Reseal cracks in forms and cracks between forms and
837 concrete by methods accepted by the Engineer.
838
839 (M) Finishing Concrete Surfaces. Apply the following requirements to
840 several classes of surface finishes that ordinarily apply to various parts of
841 concrete structures.
842
843 (1) Class 1 Ordinary Surface Finish. Apply ordinary surface
844 finish to concrete surfaces, either as final finish or preparatory to
845 applying higher-class finish. On surfaces to be buried underground or
846 that are enclosed, such as cells of box girders, removal of fins and
847 form marks and rubbing of mortared surfaces to obtain a uniform color
848 will not be required.
849
850 After removing forms, remove form bolts and ties to depth of at
851 least 1 inch below concrete surface. Clean, wet, and fill resulting
852 holes or depressions with mortar. Mortar shall consist of one part
853 cement to two parts sand by volume. Add white cement to mortar in
854 sufficient quantity to tint mortar a shade lighter than surrounding
855 concrete. Use mortar that is not more than 1 hour old and that bonds
856 indistinguishably with concrete. After mortar has thoroughly
857 hardened, rub surface with carborundum stone to obtain same color in
858 mortar as in surrounding concrete. Remove fins caused by form joints
859 and other projections. Remove stains and discolorations visible from
860 traveled way.
861
862 Clean and fill pockets with mortar, except for those scattered
863 pockets or pinholes less than 1/2-inch long or wide and less than
864 3/8-inch deep. Pockets shall not affect strength of structure or shorten
865 life of steel reinforcement. Fill pockets on surfaces visible to
866 pedestrian traffic and surfaces exposed to stream flow, salt air, and
867 salt water. Use mortar for filling pockets, as specified for bolt and tie
868 holes. When rock pockets affect strength of structure materially or
869 shorten life of steel reinforcement, the Engineer will declare concrete
870 unacceptable and require removal and replacement of affected
871 structure.
872
873 Clean, wet, and fill with mortar, all holes or depressions in
874 surfaces that are to receive Class 2 Rubbed Finish. Clean, wet, and
875 fill at least 7 days before starting Class 2 Rubbed Finish.
876
877 (2) Class 2 Rubbed Finish. Apply Class 2 Rubbed Finish to the

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 503.03

878 following surfaces:

879
880 (a) Surfaces of bridge superstructures, including pedestrian
881 overpasses, except for the following: inside vertical surfaces of
882 "T" girders; slab soffits of interior bays of "T" girders; enclosed
883 surfaces of box girders; top surfaces of bridge decks; walkway
884 surfaces; and median strips.
885
886 (b) Surfaces of bridge and pedestrian overpass piers, piles,
887 columns, pier caps, abutments, wing walls, and retaining walls
888 above finished ground, to at least 1 foot below finished ground.
889
890 (c) Surfaces of open spandrel arch rings, spandrel columns,
891 and abutment towers.
892
893 (d) Surfaces above finished ground of culvert headwalls,
894 and endwalls, where visible from a traveled way.
895
896 (e) Surfaces of inside box culvert barrels having a height of
897 4 feet or more, for a distance inside the barrel equal to the
898 height of culvert or as far as is visible from a Traveled Way,
899 whichever is greater.
900
901 (f) Surfaces of concrete railings, end posts, and curbs.
902
903 After completing Class I Ordinary Surface Finish, sand with
904 power sanders areas that do not exhibit a smooth, even surface of
905 uniform texture and appearance.
906
907 Use power carborundum stones or disks to remove unsightly
908 bulges or irregularities.
909
910 The intent is to secure a smooth, even surface of uniform
911 appearance and to remove unsightly bulges or depressions due to
912 form marks and other imperfections. Scattered pockets or pinholes
913 permitted under ordinary finish will not be considered to affect
914 uniformity or texture. Extent of sanding and grinding shall be as
915 specified.
916
917 Final operation for this finish consists of removing powder on
918 surface resulting from sanding and grinding. When additional repairs
919 are made after sanding and grinding, repeat sanding and grinding
920 after repair has cured. Leave finished surface free from powder and
921 other foreign matter by washing or wiping with clean cloth. Collect
922 and dispose wash water.
923

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924 (3) Class 6 Float Finish. Attain Class 6 Float Finish as follows:
925
926 (a) Finishing Bridge Decks and Bridge Approach Slabs.
927 For bridge decks and bridge approach slabs, obtain smooth
928 riding surface of uniform texture, true to required grade and
929 cross section.
930
931 Place concrete in bridge decks and bridge approach
932 slabs at a minimum finished deck placement rate of 20 linear
933 feet per hour. Measure rate along centerline of roadway.
934 Employ experienced operators and concrete finishers to finish
935 deck. Keep necessary finishing tools and equipment on hand
936 at work site and in satisfactory condition for use.
937
938 Unless acceptable lighting facilities are provided,
939 complete finishing operations during daylight hours.
940
941 Immediately before placing bridge deck concrete, check
942 falsework and wedges. Minimize settlement and deflection due
943 to added weight of bridge deck concrete. Furnish suitable
944 instruments, such as settlement gages, to permit ready
945 measurement of settlement and deflection by the Engineer.
946
947 When settlement or other unanticipated events occur,
948 stop deck concrete placement until corrective measures have
949 been submitted and accepted. If accepted corrective
950 measures have not been provided prior to initial concrete set,
951 stop concrete placement and install bulkhead at location
952 designated by the Engineer. Remove concrete placed beyond
953 bulkhead.
954
955 Place bridge deck and bridge approach slab concrete in
956 uniform heading, approximately perpendicular to roadway
957 centerline. Limit rate of concrete placement to that which can
958 be finished before beginning of initial set. Do not place deck
959 surface concrete more than 10 feet ahead of strike off. Spread
960 concrete to uniform height, such that required strike off does
961 not exceed 3 inches of concrete.
962
963 Finish bridge decks and bridge approach slabs with
964 concrete wearing surfaces in accordance with Subsection
965 503.03(M)(3)(a)1. - Machine Finishing.
966
967 Bridge decks and bridge approach slabs with asphalt
968 wearing surfaces may be finished as described in this
969 subsection.

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 503.03

970
971 During finishing operation while concrete is still plastic,
972 test surface with 10-foot straight edge. Test surface from side
973 or from transverse finishing bridges, in presence of the
974 Engineer. Make necessary corrections to attain required
975 tolerance, with minimum amount of remedial work after
976 concrete has hardened.
977
978 After concrete has hardened sufficiently, test finished
979 surface in presence of the Engineer with 10-foot straight edge.
980 Surface for concrete deck finish shall not vary more than 1/8
981 inch from lower edge of straight edge.
982
983 Where concrete of bridge deck and bridge approach
984 slab is to be covered with minimum 1-inch-thick layer of
985 bituminous surfacing, earth, or other cover, surface of concrete
986 shall not vary more than 1/4 inch from lower edge of 10 foot
987 straight edge.
988
989 Grind high areas in hardened surface, leaving finished
990 texture that is not smooth or polished. Produce final surface
991 with uniform texture of transverse grooves, with tine
992 dimensions in accordance with Subsection 503.03(M)(3)(a)1. -
993 Machine Finishing.
994
995 Submit method of correcting low areas. Begin
996 remediation of low spots only after the Engineer accepts
997 submittal.
998
999 Strike off bridge deck surfaces under curbs, railings, and
1000 sidewalks to same plane as roadway. Leave bridge deck
1001 surfaces under curbs, railings, and sidewalks undisturbed when
1002 future widening is shown on Plans.
1003
1004 When deck width is 4 feet or less, finishing methods
1005 other than those specified herein may be used, provided
1006 completed deck surface conforms to specified requirements.
1007
1008 Perform remedial measures on completed bridge decks
1009 and bridge approach slabs not meeting specified requirements,
1010 at no increase in contract price or contract time.
1011
1012 1. Machine Finishing. Strike off and finishing
1013 machines shall be of the self-propelled types, operating
1014 on rails and conforming to specified requirements.
1015

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1016 Use elevation-adjustable screed rails. Set

1017 screed to elevations, with allowances for anticipated
1018 settlement, camber and deflection, as required to form
1019 surface of bridge deck and bridge approach slab to
1020 specified line and grade. Screed-rails shall not deflect
1021 appreciably under applied loads.
1022
1023 Before beginning concrete operations, operate
1024 strike off and finishing machines over full length of
1025 bridge segment to be paved. Test run with screed and
1026 float adjusted to their finishing positions. While testing
1027 machines, perform the following: check screed rails for
1028 deflection; make required adjustments; measure cover
1029 on slab reinforcement; check controlling dimensions of
1030 slab reinforcement and forms.
1031
1032 During test run, use same number of machines
1033 and finishing bridges that will be used during production
1034 concrete placement, carrying production loads. Make
1035 necessary corrections at this time.
1036
1037 After placing and consolidating concrete, strike
1038 off surface of concrete carefully, using strike off
1039 machine. Make uniform deck surface, true to required
1040 grade and cross section.
1041
1042 When strike-off machine has wheelbase greater
1043 than 6 feet, float concrete by the following means:
1044 hand-operated longitudinal float board; or finishing
1045 machine equipped with longitudinal float; or rotating
1046 element followed by drag float pan.
1047
1048 Use longitudinal float on finishing machine not
1049 less than 8 feet or more than 12 feet long. When both
1050 strike off and floating are to be performed by machines,
1051 provide two separate machines with separate operators,
1052 one for strike off and one for floating. Perform final float
1053 pass as far back of strike off as concrete workability will
1054 permit.
1055
1056 When strike off machine has wheelbase of 6 feet
1057 or less, provide two separate hand-operated float
1058 boards or finishing machine accepted by the Engineer.
1059 Place first hand-operated float in operation as soon as
1060 concrete surface condition permits. Operate second
1061 hand-operated float as far back from first float as

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 503.03

1062 concrete workability permits. Apply provisions in this

1063 subsection pertaining to hand-operated float boards, to
1064 the two separate float boards specified for longitudinal
1065 floating.
1066
1067 Use longitudinal floats, either hand-operated or
1068 machine-operated, with long axis of float parallel to
1069 bridge roadway centerline. Operate longitudinal floats
1070 with combined longitudinal and transverse motion.
1071 Operate rotating float with rotational and transverse
1072 movements. Use floats to plane off high areas and float
1073 material removed into low areas. Lap each pass with
1074 previous pass by half-length of float. Continue floating
1075 until smooth riding surface is obtained. Meet surface
1076 tolerances as specified herein.
1077
1078 In lieu of separate machines for strike off and
1079 finishing, a single machine equipped with rotating auger
1080 for strike off and rotating element followed by drag float
1081 pan for consolidating and finishing may be used.
1082 Submit previous project experience demonstrating that
1083 proposed machine is capable of meeting specified
1084 requirements for satisfactory bridge deck and bridge
1085 approach slab finishing. When requested by the
1086 Engineer, submit three copies of manufacturer's
1087 operators and parts manual for dual-purpose alternative
1088 machine. Operate machine in accordance with
1089 manufacturer's manual.
1090
1091 Hand-operated float boards and transverse
1092 finishing bridges shall meet requirements in accordance
1093 with Subsection 503.03(M)(3)(a)2. - Manual Finishing.
1094
1095 Use not less than two transverse finishing
1096 bridges.
1097
1098 Texture surfaces to meet skid resistance
1099 requirements. Submit proposed surface treatment
1100 methods to form skid-resistant texture. The Engineer
1101 will conduct skid resistance testing.
1102
1103 At specified time, produce uniform, transverse
1104 pavement grooves by combing with single row of spring
1105 metal tines. Make tines as follows: 1/32 inch in
1106 thickness; 3/32 inch in width; 4 inches in length; and 3/4
1107 inch centers along row.

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 503.03

1108
1109 Position tines so that their widths are
1110 perpendicular to groove direction. Make grooves 1/8 to
1111 3/16 inch in depth.
1112
1113 2. Manual Finishing. After placing and
1114 consolidating concrete, finish to provide a uniform
1115 surface.
1116
1117 Use template or strike board to alternately tamp
1118 and strike off concrete, and move forward with
1119 combined longitudinal and transverse motions. Leave
1120 uniform mortar or grout film of suitable consistency on
1121 concrete surface after last pass of template or strike
1122 board.
1123
1124 Use template or strike board of rigid construction,
1125 capable of resisting deflection and distortion when in
1126 use.
1127
1128 Set supports or headers to required elevations to
1129 form bridge deck and bridge approach slab surfaces to
1130 line and grade indicated in the contract documents.
1131 Allow for anticipated settlement, camber, and deflection
1132 when computing elevations.
1133
1134 Furnish and install supports or headers such that
1135 they shall not deflect under applied loads.
1136
1137 Supports or headers for deck concrete placement
1138 shall be completely in place for full length of concrete
1139 placement and shall be secured before placing deck
1140 concrete.
1141
1142 Following completion of preliminary finish and
1143 from transverse bridges, float deck for concrete wearing
1144 surface in direction parallel to roadway centerline.
1145
1146 Transverse finishing bridges, from which floats
1147 are to be operated, shall completely span bridge
1148 roadway area to be floated. Provide easily moveable
1149 finishing bridges of rigid construction, free of wobble
1150 and springing during floating operation. Use sufficient
1151 number of finishing bridges to permit floating operation
1152 to follow preliminary finishing operations without undue
1153 delay. Use not less than two transverse finishing

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 503.03

1154 bridges.
1155
1156 Float with two separate wooden floats, each
1157 between 12 to 16 feet long. Use float boards 1 inch
1158 thick and 4 to 8 inches wide, with rigid ribs. Provide
1159 adjusting screws at not more than 24-inch centers
1160 between rib and float board. Maintain float board flat
1161 and true. Equip each float with adjustable handles at
1162 each end. Rib and truss each float, as necessary, to
1163 ensure float board has a true, rigid surface.
1164
1165 Operate floats with combined longitudinal and
1166 transverse motions, planing off high areas and floating
1167 material removed into low areas. Lap each pass with
1168 previous pass by half-length of float. Continue floating
1169 until smooth surface is obtained.
1170
1171 Place first float into operation as soon as
1172 concrete surface condition permits. Keep first float in
1173 continuous operation until subsidence has taken place.
1174
1175 Operate second float as far back of first float as
1176 concrete workability permits.
1177
1178 After completing floating operation, texture deck
1179 surface in accordance with Subsection
1180 503.03(M)(3)(a)1. - Machine Finishing.
1181
1182 (b) Sidewalks and Median Strips. Provide final finish for
1183 concrete sidewalks and median strips using wooden float. The
1184 Engineer will determine degree of roughness. Provide
1185 abrasive coating for top surfaces of decks, ramps, and
1186 approach ramps for pedestrian structures and top surfaces of
1187 sidewalks.
1188
1189 Create abrasive coating by sprinkling 1/4 pound of grain
1190 per square foot, uniformly, on fresh concrete. Finish surface
1191 with wooden float.
1192

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1192
1193 (N) Cleaning Up. Upon completion of finishing operation and before final
1194 acceptance of structure, remove falsework, excavated or useless material,
1195 rubbish, and temporary buildings. Replace or restore public or private fences
1196 or property damaged during prosecution of work. Leave bridge site and
1197 adjacent highway in neat and presentable condition. Remove excavated
1198 material or falsework placed in stream channel during construction before
1199 final acceptance.
1200 503.03
1201 503.04 Measurement. Concrete will be paid on a lump sum basis.
1202 Measurement for payment will not apply.
1203
1204 The Engineer will consider wingwalls to be a part of the structure.
1205
1206 503.05 Payment. The Engineer will pay for the accepted concrete on a contract
1207 lump sum basis. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this
1208 section and the contract documents.
1209
1210 The Engineer will pay for the following pay item when included in the proposal
1211 schedule:
1212
1213 Pay Item Pay Unit
1214
1215 Concrete _______________________ Lump Sum
1216
1217 The Engineer will pay for excavation and backfill for foundations in
1218 accordance with and under Section 205 – Excavation and Backfill for Bridge and
1219 Retaining Structures and Section 206 – Excavation and Backfill for Drainage
1220 Facilities.
1221
1222 The Engineer will pay for reinforcing steel in accordance with and under
1223 Section 602 - Reinforcing Steel.
1224
1225
1226 END OF SECTION 503

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