1.
Better Health Care [ Doctors & Hospitals are always available ]
[ During birth, better nurses are present due
2. Fewer Mortality (death rate)
to which the child has less chances of dying ]
Reasons ( in the world )
[ Vaccines are being given for protection
3. Large-scale Immunization
from diseases ]
[ There is no food shortage as more food is
4. Minimized food shortage produced hence very few starvation deaths
are seen ]
[ In rural areas -> Do not understand
1. Illiteracy consequences of large families, Unaware of
reproductive system ]
Reasons of Population Explosion
2. Desire for a male child "Male child will be of great help in old age"
People in rural areas think that children are a
3. Gift of God ( Traditional Belief ) gift of god therefore they make no effort to
avoid pregnancy
The branch of science which deals with the
statistical study of human population is Demography
called demography 4. Lack of recreation (enjoyment) other than
sex
If Natality>Mortality, Population Increases
The number of individuals per square km
Population Density
(km²) at any given time They think if more children are then all
Reasons ( in India ) 5. Family Income together they will earn more and increase
If Mortality>Natality, Population Decreases the family income
It is the number of live births produces per
thousand people of the population per year
Birth rate ( NATALITY ) Terms
Marriage is considered highly sacred,
6. Universality of marriages
It is the number of deaths per thousand Everyone gets married
Death rate ( MORTALITY )
people of the population per year
7. Early Marriages
(Natality) - (Mortality)
Growth rate 8. Lack of Family Planning
Difference between the birth rate and death
rate As there is high infant mortality rate in India
(i.e, high chances of the child to die), Low
Human Population 9. Mortality Rate
income group people think that it is good to
produces many children so that even if some
Education, Family Planning and Fertility of them die it won't matter much as the
Control (Contraception) others have survived
1. Complete sexual abstinence
2. Withdrawal technique It is a measure of the amount of money
earned per person in a nation per year
3. Safe period 1. Low per capita income
Due to increase in population, per capita
Population Control available income declines, people are
Condom ( Prevents AIDS ) required to feed more children with the same
Temporary Methods income, there is more expenditure on
consumption
Intrauterine devices ( IUDS ) 4. Mechanical Methods
Diaphragms If population increases there is constant
2. Price rise increase in demand for food and there will
be increase in the global price of food
Spermicides Fertility Control ( Contraception )
5. Chemical Devices 3. Environmental Pollution
Hormonal contraceptives
The way in which the wealth and income of a
Cutting of Vas Deferens tube to prevent Problems faced due to Population nation is unequally distributed among
Vasectomy ( in males ) 4. Distribution of Wealth population (i.e, rich are getting richer and the
passing of sperms to urethra Explosion ( Consequences )
Permanent methods ( Sterilization ) poor are getting poorer)
Cutting of Fallopian Tube ( Oviduct ) to
Tubectomy ( in females ) The natural resources which are under
prevent passing of the egg into uterus
5. Over exploitation (usage) of natural pressure due to population explosion include
resources food, water, land, energy, forests, minerals,
fossil fuels
Due to population explosion there is
unemployment, social evils and violence.
Due to overpopulation, opportunities for
6. Unemployment, Social Evils
employment are decreasing
Increased unemployment in the cause of
many social evils such as corruption,
snatching, violence and even terrorism
