EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS. PART AMethods and Types of Communication EEE Introduction mn, we shall discuss communication methods of communication, You already know what communication means. In this sess again in a formal way where we shall talk about element Communication Process and Element: A.communication process (se Fig, 1.1 a originates at the end of the persor 6 sending it (the sender) and travels to ¢ the receiver via a communication by Shel (eat sender eet ieee cess a omen wid Gea * SEaesned cones Unitas) ¢ Referring to Fig, 1.1, let us quickly talk about various elements of communication, 1. Sender. A sender isthe person who wants'to share their ideas or feelings in the form of a message. 2 Ideas/message. The ideas to be shared form the message ; Using the ideas, a Mesa is formed. A message can be in the form of verbal cues (such as speech) OF ROM Pel Cues (such as attitude, voice-tone, body-language et.) or writen form (a leter or Fm or email etc.) or in the form of a picture/graphic. Encoding. It is the process of convertin, words, symbols, voice-tone or gestures, . Communication channel. This refers to the message, ¢g,, in case of a verbal message, the the Internet is doing this job. Receiver. A receiver is the person for whom receives the message ies 18 the ideas into a message form byseh AS g ret the n d message to get to the r that the message has been te only when the Here two people n-verbal cues, d in a specific, written venient method wer of pictures and images mation is conveyed using much 4 e T d of communic Jiscussion among a ar interests is to be carried out. Here, people address the ‘ortant things, take important decisions, and so forth: nt / Analog / Digital Media. This method includes conveying information using ocial med thro fers, newspapers, blogs etc. >ropriate method of communication depending upon various he set the type of information, and so on. pes here are different ways or forms or types of communication (i) Verbal form i.e., communicating orally, (ii) Non-verbal form, i,, communicating using body language, gestures or tone, and pitch, ) Written form, i, communicating via handwritten or printed information, Visual form, ie., communicating via pictures, logos, posters, maps or charts etc. ‘Types of Communication verbal None Verbal writen Visual ‘Communication ‘Communication Communication ‘Communication ieee Figure 3.2 Pros and Cons of Various Types of Communication: Let us discuss the pros and cons of each type of communication. Pros and Cons of Verbal/Oral Communication Verbal/oral communication is that style of communication: through spoken words and mostly, (not always), itis an}TECHNOLOGY Pros and convey thg the ' e feeling, explain (It iy straightforward to express the feeling, intended messag, ca interactive and inte The communication is mostly int because m nedium, feedback of the audiengas Its speedy form of communication. There are no 0" ea the sender and receiver are in front of one another Age th ) You t feedback as the speake wen ask them ong, with effectivg? nal bonds, non-verbal communication makes the f tis not possible to communicate to people in a different setup, ¢g, @ person pe ebreh 28 verter in pnother part of the world at a tine! Will the time zones are so different that it is difficult to connect he sender and receiver must be at the same place (OF Japan cannot communicate to a pe It requires proximity connected via some means), same time to communicate It often feels incomplete to keep records. There are no permanent records for ofall Itis not possible to represent things officially, legally and for another purpose that) requires recorced informatior It is not a complete form of communication as it requires other forms of communication for its and completion, such as non-verbal written communication. There are emotional barriers, e.¢., a speaker has visual to speak about something refreshing while physically communication, ome 1.4.2 Pros & Cons of Non-Verbal Communication he may be feeling super tired or may not be well Then despite all his efforts emotion may creep in his message affecting his co The verbal communication ean tal place in the forms of : a face-to-face # ‘or interpersonal communication i (between 2 people), small groups # (eq., Press conference, Board/ Team Group meetings), public address (e.g Election campaign, Publie speeches), digital address # (gu, podcast, webcast ete i As you know that the non-verbal communication is usual communication through sending and receiving wordless cues like gestures, body language, and woice-tone etc, (9 Very easy to demonstrate. Non-verbal useful using noticeable non-verbal cues communication like g(i) (id) Cons @ A i re, hand gestures, facial 1 language. the message very fast mmunication suits for smaller t not for lengthy conversations. i bal communication falls short of ther forms of communication. across, the receiver may le ome place through facial i n i cheek ts gestures/body 7 wut in eastern cultures, thi language, touch (e.g red offe h cultural and regional; hands), eye contact, proximity nces mi he communication and it may _ and $0 forth i of a non-verbal medium such as viswal aids, posters, logos, wards, hoardings and so forth, is referred to as Visual communication, ) It reinforces other forms of communication. Visual aids when used with other forms ication, make the ar and more understandable, e.g., when your teacher is explaining he working of the digestive system of human body, a chart or animation explaining t makes it more clear. Also, if a magazine is talking about atrocities in some part of the world and shows pictures illustrating it, it makes the article more impactful. o£ communication, such as oral communication or written commut It can explain things in the way which are not possible through words. For example, a manager wants to know which year in the last decade, the company made the biggest profit then a graph like the one shown here is more fruitful than a lengthy text Fal AS RIAD AEE RIS AON RAN haa Figure 1.3, It clears the barrier of qualification or language. Visual illustrations, pictures and so ‘on, easily connect with the audience and deliver the message report. Comparatively expansive, Visual medium co such as pamphlets, posters, pictures, logos ete, which machines etc4a ay Cons Require speciatived ; rm Raremer eet hrough posters, chars pie ‘ ph : vunication, but J aids ent omplete form of communication: ( ‘her (Oa 1 or recorded a fe f offi ommunication, munication has 4 all ‘i a ot teen | purposes, the documents Jocument can be reused, duplicated a . A nmunicatis an be iduced in bulk or a erste, Whi kes it possible to reach masses, e.g,, a book Suitable for lengthy messages/information, The written communication is the most i mation, ¢.¢., budget, reports, manuals and soon. aveys sincerity uments are seen as the representation of a company mphlets, posters etc. help build the image of a company in he ll of the compan: identical. Written communication when ‘uplicated or produced in bulk maintains its ies are identical, and hence the same message gets delivered Costly g requires person-hours and also h other costs involved such as pen t is a costly affair It is not an inst tphone, laptop, network etc. Hence Time-consuming. Writing takes time ant form of communication: A barrier of qualification/langu Written communication requires that the readet document in the languag © 11S written into, otherwise, the message Cost on Storage. Written documents require form of st a specific rage, which has some cost associated with it such as cost on paper, binding, cabinets, hard. disk, flash drive, Internet cloud. and $0 on, The written communication’ Place in the form email;Do's of Body Language Don'ts of Body Language 3. Don't fake your smile. Smile genuinely 4. Do not droop your shoulders. Ds 5. Don't fold your arms over your chest ean forward or backward while sitting, Don’t look away while in conversation pile talking, 8. Don't keep your hands in your we to your listeners. Respect their intimate n't get too cle zones (proximity rule). 50 not touch your face repeatedlyA.10 eck Point Saas 8. Which of ti ing makes the m ributi 9. Rohit raised his hand to greet his uncle rom distance communication is this ? Gesture (®) Expression (©) Body language CBSE 10. Out of the following, which one is the least expensive for ) Verbal/oral communication (8) non-verb: (6) Written communication 11. Out of the following, whic (av h one is the most dura ferbal/oral communication (0) non-verbs (©) Written communication (@) visual 12. In style of communic ation, spoken words or spe (a) Non-verbal ech play the role (0) Verbal le form of communication ? al communication communicatic of conveying the message(s). (© Written (@ Visual 13, lye of communication, cues like gestures, bod language, voice vying the message(s), if a hone teri (@) Non-verbal (b) Verbal (©) Written, a) Body language pe of non-verbal (@) Eye movement m of communication ? al communication (4 visual communication ( VisualAl1 4 ical © of body language, gestures and facial expressions to convey on to other {CBSE Sample Paper Term I, 2021-22) (a) Ve te (©) Non-Verbal (@) Visual xample of verb: munication [CBSE Sample Paper Term 1 2021-22) ; er (©) Phone call (@ News letter graphics, posters, logo, colors, sign-boards ete. play the a 1 b bi (© Written: (@) Visual he ng typ munication involves interchanging messages only through ictur [CBSE 2024] e (b) Gesture (©) Visual (d) Facial ommunicatic suitable for conveying lengthy messages ? b verb. (b) Verbal (©) Written (d) Visual 19. le of communication is used as a reinforcement aid for other forms of communication 2 N ) Verbal (9 Written (@ Visual st nication is useful for instant communication ? Non-verbal 0) Verbal (©) Written @) Visual tyle of communication is useful for conveying message even when language is not known ? Non-verbal (b) Verbal () Written @) Visual 2 yle of communication is the most time-consuming of all 2 Non-verbal (b) Verbal (©) Written @) Visual at a hostel in Goa. He calls his mother who lives in Bangalore, to get her approval for he picnic to Mumbai. However, due to a phone line outage, his mother was unable to understand pond to him. He became enrage(d) What other means can he use to obtain his mother's mmediate approval ? (a) Fax (0) Letter (©) Email 4) Message through a friend [CBSE Sample Paper Term I 2021-22) 24. Which of the following is not a form of written communication 2 (a) Circulars (b) Reports (©) Discussion (a) SMS [CBSE Sample Paper Term 1, 2021-22) Which of the following types of Communication is non-flexible and requires proficiency of the (CBSE Sample Paper Term 1, 2021-22) (b) Written, ‘communication (c) Verbal communication (d) Non-verbal communication takes place between two individuals and be formal or informal. personal (&) Written (©) Small group (a) Oral communication it (@) IntFeedback in Communication oe | | F ae a Ea ladle successful You have reed cartier that ry suc . importance of ‘aning and Importance of Feedback Recall from your previous session that communicat (A sender or messenger (ii) Message/Information being sent (Information/n (iii) Encoding. (F (ic) Communication channel mt (€ ir for oral communication, Internet for electronic communication, paper for writ (2) Decoding (Understanding the meaning from the me received through a certain medium) ry of message) (vi) Feedback (Intimation about successful deli Feedback is very important in communication as it ensures that the mes ‘Communicate ~ age has been successfully > conveyed and the communication is effectively successful. In two-way communication, the receiver receives the messages being conveyed but how does the sender or speaker know that the message has been delivered with the same intent and context? Well, the receiver tells this in the form of feedback. “pending upon the t } iti ee Feedback Is Important as it fC ae the success and effectiveness of communication, Without feedback, the sender a Agement note’ can be a ir ter igital communication, | ©anmet find if the message Imtended has been successfully : nee clapping or hooting are two types of feedback —# delivered with the same intent. peakiny n effective nd successful. Only ommunication effective feedback Jo this. An effective feedback has the following characteristies (i) Inte « is not received correctly. tion. The intention of the feedback is to tell if the mess ) Specific. The feedback should not be vague and should be conveyed with clarity. (iit) Fair and Non-jugmental. Useful feedback does not pass judgement on the message ; it esses if the me nerely is received in the right form, ) Timeliness. Elective feedback is the one that intimates the sender about the message in time, eg, in in-person communication, a prompt comment and reply will be useful. milarly, in written communication, the feedback is not delayed. Delay kills the of the feedback and in turn destroys the effectiveness of the communication. effective ) Usefulness, Effective feedback is the one that aims to improve the overall communication. ) Clarity. The feedback must be clear in its form and should be in an understandable format. of Feedback Type’ Feedback can be in variou: feedbacks used in communication. ms and of various types. Let us discuss different types of ‘al and Informal Feedback A Formal Feedback follows a pr format or structure using which the receiver frames feedback and sends it. Formal feedback covers many predefined points and has a specific blueprint. The receiver frames the feedback as per this blueprint and sends it. Formal feedback takes times to construct and hence, is not instant. For example, julations on scoring A¥-in your final test performance, You yologies.” 1. “Cor 2, * Pla Informal Feedback, on the other hand, is specific structure such as instant comments by the construct as itis instantly conveyed. For example, 1. “Good job! Congratulations!” 2. "Sorry ‘accept myA14 2. Descriptive ond b iv A Non-Descriptive Feedback provid descriptions. The feedback descriptive analysis or su 1. “Ton 2. “In your article, c A Descriptive Feedback he Non-Specific Feedback 1. “Tlike your st Each of the above [tboosts learning professional growth, friendly work environment C2heck Point 1 ‘message was interpreted (@) Media 2. It tells both the source and the (@) Communication (©) Active listening sed types of feedback can by nd process ing aceapting and plays an important role in communication (b) Source receiver, how their mes sages are (b) Feedback ee s not give detailed Joes not come with a detailed, speci lithe. evidences mind,” talking about im foo, ve fighting all points.” other hane about the entire thing while giving a e. For example arly pinpoint hing/leature. For exanip 2. “I liked your topic of sibling rivalry.” either a Positive Fe back (iy or i i contradicts or complains), forms the Basie of Better understanding Ithelps avoid mistakes, of Feedback specially wth construct a nd postive feedbacks), Importance of feedback. as it tel ils both sender and receiv ICBSE Sample py er, how. aper Term 1, 2021 (4) Feedback (©) CourtesyAAS hich the receiver frames and sends it ptive (@) Non-descriptive structure. (@ Non-descriptive (@) Non-descriptive documented and expressive comments with some Descriptive (@ Non-descriptive the form of written comments or verbal conversations he needs to do in order to improve eneral Sign [CBSE SP Term I, 2021-22} Are kind of which feedback (0) Specific Feed (@) Informal fee [CBSE SP Term 1, 2021-22] a thi e >oint without talking about general overview. Informal (©) Specific (@ Non-specific f wole thing while giving a general overview Informal (©) Specific (@ Non-specific the importance of feedback in communication ? are the characteristics of effective feedback What are different types of feedback ? Give example sentences to support your answer. What types of feedbacks can you use for giving instant feedback ? Why 2 What type of feedback should be used when it is to be stored for some legal purpose ? Why ? Imagine you are a high school stuclent working on a group science project. You present your part of the project to your group, but you're not sure if it meets the expectations or aligns with what the group reeds. Why is it important for your classmates to give you feedback in this situation 2 [CBSE SP, 2024-25) ACTIVITY Go through the following feedback sentences and try to categorise them as formal and informal feedback (i) “Very good!” (i) “You have made us proud.”, (ii) "You won’, (io) “It gives me a pleasure to announce XYZ school as winner of this competition.” Go through the following feedback sentences and try to categorise them as specific and non-specific feedback (i) “Way to go! Congrats The way you have involved your school children to community work: commendable. Congratulations!” aaa (ii) “I like your idea (ia) “Your idea of describing the ‘never say die’ spirit through #ry respo AB mes ave right 9 forty clfectivg lowed fi process. Fal ways be consistat rate and complet ‘nformation. the feedbad Alse oxmal set up sath Onsibility of e coats fective comm “Bes, known. as 7C3 ofstunblo ime. Sey what you have o say and ask what you nee fom 3. simple words. When ging suggestions, advice or oners ea Gevered in shert a svoence-hnendly anguage Correct communication ¢ an ear fee sca oF speling masiakes and 6 06 pr tho level ofthe largat schoo! students, 2 scents shoul! use ferme and language $ eee conrenemeee ©) moete EP vo: at big conrad, Acar ressage deers avoting coe l ‘wavs be courteous. Courtaous communication uses frend, open, and honest anguage with 2 respect, decent tone and emphatic body language A Figure 3.1. 7Cs of effective communication, Barriers in Communication Sometimes, you are saying one thing, but people perceive it in another way. There are several factors or barriers, which are responsible for the way people view our messages. These factors include : (3) Linguistic Barrier (Lingual factors). Language can be a barrier to effective communication. For example, a Spanish man who only speaks and understands Spanish, would not be able to interact with an Indian woman who is only familiar with Hindi. (ii) Physical Barrier (Environmental Distractions). If your surroundings can also act as a barrier to appropriate interaction. You would not be able to understand what your friend is saying if you both are at a rock concert due to the noise coming from the surroundings. (iii) Cultural Barrier. Sometimes, our cultural differences are the barrier. For instance, in North ‘America, thumbs up gesture is considered good while in Africa, it is considered offensive and is not accepted at all. (iv) Interpersonal Barriers, Tt refers to the situations when the intended message is received incorrectly because of many personal reasons such as : ® Prejudice. Having preconceptions, e.g., thinking all teachers are strict, can strain the chances of having conversations with teachers. ‘© Feelings. Sometimes, our feelings (such as bad mood or anger or feeling disappointed) stop us from effective communication. © Attitude of superiors. The attitude of superiors (such as e nature) may affect effective communication in.HNOLOGYx, the barriers to effectiyg i cures that you can APE Let us now discuss different mea" raider the Langage need and so on) OF Lingual Factors, T al () Overcoming ‘rouikt be aware what 18 deogpe 1 communication, verbal he he barriers of environ table in fens mu fh, the communicator Overcoming Environmental Factor ee mental factors like noise, mos wout the culture of the hould ensure that the mesa 1 differently ming Barrier of Cultural « re addressing, wha ulture and then frame the riers, one should sming,linterpemonal Barrer ng skills; provide dpe auch and so forth, come tips ares Communi ccovntability of encourage The importance of effective communi Fheck Point sat What isthe importance of effective communication in a workplace? {CBSE Sample Paper, iil (a) Reducing office expense (H) Enhancing team collaboration and productivity fice aesthetics (c) Increasing employee vacation day (@) Improving Ahana has been chosen ittle about the Korean lang ‘choo exchange program for Korea, However, she only knows & 6 ie. Thus, she often misinterprets things. This (b) Interpersonal barrier (a) Organisational barrier Alaya has where talki is an example of _—# (©) Linguistic barrier (a) Cultural baeriét wome from another country with her husband and children. She comes (oan sbout husband is not considered good, In a ental wellness conclave organised her company, she finds it dificult to talk about her husband's iabues, Thine ne ample of _—=* (a) Organisational barrier id (b) Interpersonal barrier (c) Linguistic barrier (@) Cultural Rudy went to a music concert with his friend Ady, The y met a Since Ishan lived near Rudy's place, he asked when Rudy was leaving the concert was still on, Ishan Rudy could not hear anything because of the loud musieal barrier (b) Environmental barrier (c) Linguistic barrier (d) Psychological barrier Sweden from India to pursue her higher education. But she doesn’t know how to nguage of Sweden). Because of this, she was unable to find a part time job, This is [CBSE Sample Paper, 2023-24) ) Interpersonal barrier (b) Physical barrier (c) Organisational barrier (@) Linguistic barries American and Isracli managers were on a conference call. The topic ofthe call was transitioning, premise product to a cloud-native product. In the middle of the discussion, one lsraeli he R&D staff in Israel ‘don't care’ about some of the changes. An American ssually polite, couldnt restrain himself when he heard that statement. “What's mean, they DON'T CARE?” he thundered. This is an example of : arrier () Interpersonal barrier guistic barrier (@) Cultural barrier [CBSE Sample Paper Term 1, 2021-22) Kohan has gone to UK for higher studies. His grandfather asked him to meet Mr. Frank in UK nom he met around 30 years ago. While visiting Mr. Frank’s house, Rohan touched the feet of Mrs. Frank to greet her, Mrs. Frank later complained to Mr. Frank that Rohan did not greet her as n't shaken hands with her. This is an example of Interpersonal barrier (@) Environmental barrier _(c) Linguistic barrier (d) Cultural barrier When the sender's message is received differently from how it was intended, is known.as___- ) Organisational barrier (©) Interpersonal barrier (© Physical barrier (@ Language barrier (CBSE Sample Paper Term J, 2021-22] Which of the following is a barrier in effective communication 2 [CBSE SP Term 1, 2021-22] (0) Linguistic clarity (6) Concreteness (© Precision (@ Personal differences Cs ignment 1. What are the principles of effective communication ? Discuss the 7Cs of effective communication. 3. Which rules should be followed by a communicator while constructing a message ? Discuss different barriers of effective communication. How can cultural differences be a barrier to effective communication ? What are the measures to overcome different barriers to communication ? ACTIVITY Guess the emotions : This activity involves the guessing of emotions by just looking atthe facial expressions. (), For this activity, divide the class into two teams. (ii) Place a box having a packet of cards, each of which has a particular emotion typed on it such. as disgust, affection, fear, anxiety, embarrassment, anger, determination. (iii) Now a participant from a group comes. The teacher picks a card and gives it to the participant. The participant now enacts the emotion within one minute. (io) The group members of the participants have to guess the emotion portrayed, (0) If the emotion is guessed correctly by the group members, (vi) Now it is the tur of group 2 to perform in the same (vii) Rotate the acting opportunities between the two. (iii) At the end of the period, the teacher announces 2. This is the extension of previous activity, The teacher ‘overcome this barrier if such an emotion is exhibited by-