MURANGA SOUTH MULTILATERAL EXAM

END TERM 1 2025

FORM THREE
History and Government(Marking scheme)

SECTION A: (25 MARKS) (ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS)

1.​ Name two aspects in the study of History.​ ​ ​ ​ (2mks)

✔​Political
✔​Social​
✔​Economic

2.​ Give two characteristics of a government.​ ​ ​ ​ (2mks)

✔​It has rules
✔​It is sovereign
✔​ It has Jurisdiction
✔​It has legitimacy
✔​It has law enforcement

3.​ Identify one way in which man used stone tools.​ ​ ​ (1mk)
✔​Skinning animals after hunting
✔​sharpening bone/wood
✔​Digging up roots
✔​Cutting meat
✔​Killing animals during hunting
✔​For protection/defense
✔​Scrapping animal skins
4.​ Identify the method used to plant cereal crops when early agriculture began.​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1mk)
✔​Broadcasting/scattering
5.​ Give the main reason why camel was preferred as means of transport during
the Trans-saharan trade.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1mk)
✔​It could withstand harsh desert conditions

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6.​ State two roles that were played by the middle men during the
Trans-Atlantic trade.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
(2mks)
✔​They transported goods to and from the interior
✔​They traded with the Europeans at the coast
✔​They obtained goods in the interior
7.​ State three disadvantages of drumbeat as a means of communication during
the pre-colonial period.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1mk)
✔​The message could be misunderstood.
✔​It relied on people with special skills
✔​Drum beat messages were easily interfered with by natural elements like
wind or rain
8.​ Name two metals used as currency in pre-colonial Africa.​​ (2mks)
✔​Copper
✔​Iron bar
✔​Gold

9.​ State the main contribution of the discovery of chloroform in the field of
medicine.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1mk)
✔​It reduced pain during operation
10.​Give two factors that led to the growth of Anthens as an urban Centre.​​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2mks)
✔​It was surrounded by mountain and sea making it secure.
✔​There were valleys with fertile soils for food production.
✔​It was a learning centre which attracted people.
✔​Attracted people since it was a religious centre

11.​State two ways in which the royal fire was important in the Mwene Mutapa
kingdom.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2mks)

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✔​It symbolized the authority of the king
✔​It was a sign of loyalty to the king
✔​It was a symbol of unity among the people.
12.​Name two types of Human rights.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2mks)
✔​Economic rights
✔​Political/civil rights
✔​Social/cultural rights
✔​Solidarity rights
13.​Give the main aim of the ​Berlin conference between 1884 -1885.(1mk)
✔​To divide up African among Europeans nations in a peaceful manner.
14.​Name two methods used by the European powers to acquire colonies in
Africa.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2mks)
✔​Military expeditions
✔​Signing of treaties/diplomacy/collaboration
✔​Divide and rule policy
✔​Treachery
✔​Setting up administrative posts
✔​Use of companies

15.​Name the treaty which marked the colonial sphere of influence in East
Africa in 1886​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1mk)
✔​Anglo-German agreement​

16.​Give one method that was used by the French to administer their colonies in
Africa.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1mk)
✔​Assimilation
✔​Association

17.​Identify the main result of the Devonshire white paper of 1923.(1mk)

✔​In case of conflicts of interest between the immigrant races and
Africans, those of Africans should be paramount.

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SECTION B: 45 MARKS

18.​ (a) Name three Luo-groups which migrated into Kenya during the
pre-colonial period.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (3mks)
✔​Joka-jok
✔​Joka -owiny
✔​Joka-Omolo

(b) Explain the political organization of the luo during the pre-colonial period.​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (12mks)

✔​The family was the lowest unit and its head was the father who was
referred to as Jaduong.
✔​Several related families formed a clan.
✔​There were lineage councils which settled domestic issues.
✔​A council of elders existed in the clan which settled domestic
interfamily disputes.
✔​Clans were grouped together to form Oganda headed by a chief
elder.
✔​There existed a council of elders which comprised of representatives
from each clan and mainly settled inter clan disputes.
✔​There was a class of warriors headed by a war leader(Osumba
Mrwayi) and its main responsibility was to defend the community.
✔​The luo was a decentralized community as they did not have an
overall leader.
19.​(a) Identify three uses of electricity in Europe during the 19th century.​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (3mks)
✔​Driving machines in factories
✔​Providing light
✔​Heating
✔​Powering locomotives
✔​Powering communication gadgets

(b)Explain six challenges which South Africa has faced in the process of
industrialization.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (12mks)

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 ✔​The imposition of economic sanctions which prevented her from
trading with other countries.
✔​The long period of apartheid created unconducive environment
for industrialization.
✔​ Competition from more developed countries eg Western Europe
whose manufactured good were of better quality than those from
Africa.
✔​Industrial strikes /boycott which were organized by trade unions
led to closure of some industries.
✔​High levels of poverty which created inadequate market of
manufactures goods due to low purchasing power.
✔​Violence/xenophobia/aggression against foreigners has
discouraged foreign investors.
✔​HIV/AIDS has affected the work force in industries thereby
undermining industrial production.
✔​Inadequate infrastructure eg transport, insurance,
communication, banking etc.

20.(a)State three reasons why Lobengula was defeated by the British in 1893.​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (3mks)

✔​The British had superior weapons compared to Ndebele.

✔​The British army was better organized than the Ndebele
✔​Lobengula and his soldiers were weakened by small pox.
✔​The British had better trained army.

(b)Explain six reasons that led to failure of the Majimaji rebellion in 1907.​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (12mks)

✔​Africans were not organized in their resistance. Each community fought

on its own/lack of proper coordination.
✔​The magic water failed to protect the Africans from Germany bullets
leading to death of Africans soldiers in the war.

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✔​Lack of unity among Africans ie Africans did not unite to face the common
enemy eg Hehe and the Nyamwezi did not join the revolt.
✔​The Germany received reinforcement in the form of mercenary soldier and
weapons from Germany, Somalia, Sudan and New Guinea which
overwhelmed African soldiers.
✔​African soldiers lacked enough weapons to use against the Germans.
✔​The Africans did not have a well trained army to fight Germans who were
well equipped.
✔​The ruthless of the Germans soldiers in crushing the rebellion eg the use of
the scorched earth policy.
✔​The capture and execution of Africa leaders including Kinjekitile and
Mpanda demoralized the warriors.
SECTION C:(30 MKS)

21.(a)Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of the Asante
kingdom in the 18th century.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (3mks)

✔​It was able to acquire weapons which were used to expand the kingdom.
✔​The wealth from the trade boosted kingdoms prestige/fame
✔​The king used the wealth from trade to reward loyal provincial rulers.
✔​The need for trade goods encouraged the king of conquer more
territories.

(b)Explain the political organization of the shona during the pre-colonial period.​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (12mks)

✔​The shona were ruled by an emperor who had absolute authority over
over the subjects.
✔​The emperors position was hereditary to reduce succession dispute.
✔​The emperor was assisted in the administration by the queen mother,
the queen sister, army commander, head drummer,head door keeper or
head cook.

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 ✔​There was an advisory council who advised the emperor.
✔​The empire was divided into provinces which were headed by
provincial/lesser kings.
✔​The provinces were divided into chiefdoms ruled by chiefs.
✔​Under the chief were headmen who were in charge of the villages.
✔​The emperor had a standing army which defended/expanded the
empire.
✔​The king was a symbol of unity as he was semi divine.
✔​There existed priests who acted as spies for the emperor.

22. (a)Give three reasons why the British used indirect rule to administer Northern
Nigeria.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (3mks)

✔​To avoid resistance from the people of northern Nigeria.

✔​The British had inadequate personnel for the vast territory.
✔​There was an established system of administration led by Emirs.
✔​There was communication barrier between the British and the local
community.
✔​Inadequate transport and communication system make it difficult to
reach all parts of the country.
✔​To reduce the cost of administration.
✔​The method had been successfully used in other parts of their colonies
eg India and Uganda.
✔​The adoption of the dual mandate policy in tropical Africa advanced by
Sir Fredrick Lugard encouraged the development of the colony for its
own good and the good of Britain.

(b)Explain six reasons why the French system of administration failed in the
areas outside the communes.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (12mks)

✔​The Africans /muslims were not willing to become Christians .

✔​The Africans were not able to get the French type of education.
✔​The African culture made it difficult for them to be absorbed into the
French culture.

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✔​It was expensive to implement the system because of the vastness of the
French empire in Africa.
✔​The policy of assimilation to undermine the very foundation of French
colonialism as it will not be possible to colonize Africans who had
attained assimile statues.
✔​The French traders feared competition from the Africans so they
opposed the system.
✔​The French parliamentarians did not want to compete with Africans for
cabinet posts. The French feared to be out numbered in the French
chamber of deputies.

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