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Machine II Lab 3

The document outlines Experiment No. 03, which focuses on determining the V-Curve of a synchronous motor by analyzing the relationship between field current and load current. It explains the theory behind the V-curve, the required apparatus, and provides a data table showcasing the results of the experiment. The discussion highlights the significance of the V-curve in understanding motor performance and optimal excitation levels.

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0 views5 pages

Machine II Lab 3

The document outlines Experiment No. 03, which focuses on determining the V-Curve of a synchronous motor by analyzing the relationship between field current and load current. It explains the theory behind the V-curve, the required apparatus, and provides a data table showcasing the results of the experiment. The discussion highlights the significance of the V-curve in understanding motor performance and optimal excitation levels.

Uploaded by

mhbr2546
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No: 03

Experiment name: Determination of V-Curve of a Synchronous Motor

Objectives:

1. To analyze the variations in active and reactive power with changes in excitation of a
synchronous motor.
2. To study the V-curve characteristics of a synchronous motor by plotting the relationship
between field current and load current.

Theory:
The V-curve of a synchronous motor illustrates the relationship between armature current and field current
at a constant load. The graph, with armature current on the y-axis and field current on the x-axis, forms a
V shape. As we know, the equation of voltage of a synchronous motor is,
𝐸 = 𝑉 − 𝐼 𝑅 − 𝑗𝑋 𝐼 .

The power produced by the motor is,

P= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛿

Here ,
𝛿 is called power angle or torque angle.
For a generator, the value of δ is positive, indicating that it supplies power. In contrast, the value of δ is
negative in a motor, signifying that it consumes power.

Fig 3.1: The effect of increase in field current in synchronous motor

Synchronous motors can be classified into two types based on how the rotor is magnetized.
(i) Non-Excited Synchronous Motors.
(ii) Direct Current (DC) Excited Synchronous Motors.
Excited Synchronous Motors can be classified into two types:

a) Under excited synchronous motor:


For this type of motor, VØ lags EA
b) Over excited synchronous motor:
For this type of motor, leads EA
Fig 3.2: (a) The phasor diagram of an under excited synchronous motor.
(b) The phasor diagram of an overexcited synchronous motor.

As the value of Ea increases, the magnitude of Ia first decreases then again increases. At low Ea the armature
current is lagging and consumes reactive power. With increasing field current the Ia eventually lines up with
the 𝑉 and acts like pure resistive load and the power factor is unit. Further the field current increase the
load current Ia becomes leading, and the motor consumes negative reactive power or in the other word
supply reactive power to the system. Now if we plot a graph of field current versus load current we will get
a V shape curve.

Fig 3.3: V curve of a synchronous motor

Required Apparatus:

Sl no. Name Specification Quantity


1 Three Phase P = 350W, N = 3000rpm, 01
Synchronous Uexc = 220V, Iexc = 0.45A, Ia
Motor = 0.7A/1.2A, cosφ = 1
2 Tachogenerator 300V – 5000RPM, I = 01
0.07A
3 AC Meter V = 500V AC rms max, I = 01
5A max
4 DC Meter 600V – 20A 01
5 Three Phase 400V – 10A 01
Fixed Line
6 Variable DC 0-400V 01
Supply
7 Connecting ~ A few
Wires
Circuit Diagram:

+ +
Varriable B
DC - -
DC Meter C

Three Phase 3ɸ Fixed

Meter Power Supply

Fig.3.4: Experimental setup for obtaining V Curve


Data Table:
Table 3.2: Data Table for Determination of V curve of a Synchronous Motor

SL No. Excitation Field Armature Active Reactive


voltage, Current, Current, Power, Power,
Vf If Ia P Q
(V) (A) (A) (Watt) (Watt)
1 13.52 0.040 0.505 45.27 207.20
2 28.96 0.068 0.415 41.50 170.12
3 36.67 0.085 0.385 40.00 155.30
4 44.32 0.105 0.355 39.50 142.03
5 55.64 0.132 0.306 37.60 120.52
6 66.10 0.163 0.270 35.78 102.75
7 76.40 0.188 0.230 34.75 84.90
8 88.25 0.210 0.189 33.55 64.59
9 105.00 0.252 0.125 32.20 37.03
10 129.50 0.305 0.095 30.35 -7.65
11 143.00 0.340 0.100 29.65 -29.06
12 155.20 0.365 0.130 30.00 -51.35
13 170.88 0.400 0.174 29.80 -73.40
14 186.50 0.425 0.220 29.66 -90.68
15 200.90 0.462 0.263 30.22 -110.62
16 215.87 0.450 0.310 30.50 -128.80

Graph:

V-Curve of a Synchronous Motor


0.6
0.505
0.5
0.415
Armature Current, Ia (A)

0.385
0.4 0.355
0.306 0.31
0.3 0.27 0.263
0.23 0.22
0.189 0.174
0.2
0.125 0.13
0.095 0.1
0.1

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
DC Field Current, If (A)

Fig 3.5: Obtained V curve of a synchronous motor


Discussion & Conclusion:
The V-curve experiment for a synchronous motor demonstrates the relationship between the
armature current and field excitation under a constant load condition. This curve shows how the
motor's performance varies with excitation levels and is used to determine the ideal field excitation
needed for effective motor operation. The armature current initially falls as the field excitation
rises and reaches its lowest value when the motor runs at a unity power factor. After this, the
armature current begins to increase once more, creating the distinctive "V" shape. The motor's
most efficient operating state is represented by the point of unity power factor, which is correlated
with the lowest armature current. The motor has a trailing power factor in the area to the left of
this point, where it is under excited. On the other hand, the motor runs with a leading power factor
in the area to the right, where it is overexcited.

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