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1.physics Module 1

The document provides an overview of physics, emphasizing its fundamental nature and applications in engineering and technology. It covers essential concepts such as idealized models, units of measurement, unit conversions, uncertainty, significant figures, and the distinction between scalar and vector quantities. Additionally, it includes examples of calculations and vector operations to illustrate these principles.

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Greecy Joy Panum
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5 views43 pages

1.physics Module 1

The document provides an overview of physics, emphasizing its fundamental nature and applications in engineering and technology. It covers essential concepts such as idealized models, units of measurement, unit conversions, uncertainty, significant figures, and the distinction between scalar and vector quantities. Additionally, it includes examples of calculations and vector operations to illustrate these principles.

Uploaded by

Greecy Joy Panum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS FOR

ENGINEERS
PHYSICS
• Comes from the greek word Meaning “nature”.
• The most fundamental branch of science And find numerous
application of life for the development of engineering and
technology.
• Deals in matter in relation to Energy and accurate
Measurement of the same.
• An experimental science.
• Science of matter,motion, and energy.
SOLVING PHYSICS PROBLEMS
SOLVING PHYSICS PROBLEMS
SOLVING PHYSICS PROBLEMS
IDEALIZED MODEL
• It is the simplified version Of a physical system that would
be too much complicated to analyze In full detail.
• Neglecting the size and shape of the body by representing it
as a point object.
• Neglecting the air resistance by making the body Move in
vacuum, And we make the weight constant.
STANDARD AND UNITS
• Fundamental physical quantities
- quantities that cannot be expressed in terms of any other physical quantity.
- length, mass, and time
• DERIVED QUANTITIES
- QUANTITIES THAT CAN BE EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITTIES.
- AREA,VOLUME, DENSITY

• UNIT
- DEFINE AS THE ACCEPTED STANDARD USED FOR COMPARISON OF GIVEN
PHYSICAL QUANTITY.
(SI) SYSTEME INTERNATIONAL

• The metric system


• The system of units used by the scientists and engineers
Around the world.
MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES OF UNIT (UNIT
PREFIXES)

• Some units are not


of convenient size To
measure certain
quantities. Hence unit
prefixes of the base
units are used in
measurements.
UNIT CONSISTENCY AND CONVERTIONS

• An equation must be Dimensionally consistent.


• Add apples to apples
• Always use Units in calculation
• When a problem requires calculation Using numbers with units,
Always write the numbers with the correct unit.
UNIT CONVERSION FACTORS
EXAMPLES
• The world land speed record is 763.0 mi/h, Set on october 15,1997, By Andy Green in
the Jet engine car Thrust SSC. Express the speed in meters per second (m/s)
Solution:
Identify: mi/h to m/s ?
Set Up: 1mi=1.609km , 1km=1000m, 1h=3600s
Execute:
763.0mi/h = (763.0mi/h) (1.609km/mi) (1000m/km) (1h/3600s)

=341.0m/s
EXAMPLES
• The world’s largest cut diamond is the First Star of Africa, mounted in the
British Royal scepter and kept in the tower of London. Its volume is
1.84in3 . What is its volume in cm3? In m3?
• Solution:
Identify: in3 to m3 & cm3 ?
Set Up: 1in= 2.54cm, 1m=100cm
Execute: 1.84in3 = (1.84in3) (2.54cm/in)3 = (1.84in3)(2.543)(cm3/in3) = 30.2cm3

= 30.2cm3 = (30.2cm3) (1m/100cm)3 = 3.02 x 10-5 m3


UNCERTAINTY & SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
• UNCERTAINTY
Error because it indicates the maximum difference there is likely to be between the
measured value and the true value.
• ACCURACY
Indicates how close it is likely to be the through value by writing the number, the symbo
and
, the second number indicating the uncertainty of the measurement.
Ex. 56.47 0.02 mm , this means that the true value is unlikely to be less than 56.45mm
or greater than 56.49mm.

Ex. 47 ohms 10% = 47ohms 4.7


SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
EXAMPLES
1. The rest energy E of an object with rest mass m is given by the Einstein’s famous
equation
E = mc2 , where c is the speed of light in vacuum. Find E for an electron for which ( to
three significant figures) m = 9.11 x 10-31 kg. The SI unit for E is the Joule (J); 1J=
1kg·m2/s2.
• solutions:
Identify & Set up: E=? , m= 9.11 x 10-31 kg, c= 2.99792458 x 108 m/s.
Execute: E= mc2
= (9.11 x 10-31 kg)(2.99792458 x108 m/s)2
= (9.11)(2.99792458)2 (10-31)(108)2 kg·m2/s2
= (81.87659678)(10(-31+16) ) kg·m2/s2
= (81.87659678)(10-15) kg·m2/s2
= 8.19 x 10-14 J
= 8.19 x 10-14 kg·m2/s2
ESTIMATES AND ORDER OF MAGNITUDE
EXAMPLE
VECTOR & SCALAR
• SCALAR QUANTITY – physical quantity being described by a single number.
- physical quantity that has only MAGNITUDE.
- Time, Temperature, mass, and density.
- calculated using ordinary arithmetic operations.

• VECTOR QUANTITY - physical quantity having MAGNITUDE & DIRECTION.


- displacement, velocity, force and other quantities that the
direction is needed.
VECTOR ADDITION & SUBTRACTION
VECTOR ADDITION & SUBTRACTION
VECTOR ADDITION & SUBTRACTION
VECTOR ADDITION & SUBTRACTION
MULTIPLYING A VECTOR
EXAMPLE
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
COMPONENTS OF VECTOR
COMPONENTS OF VECTOR
EXAMPLE
VECTOR SUM (RESULTANT) OF TWO OR
MORE VECTORS USING COMPONENTS

FOR SPACE ( 3 DIMENSIONAL)


EXAMPLE
SOLUTION

Answer: 12.7m 39º NE


EXAMPLE

y
2.1km

-8.7km A

-10.4km

z x
y y

5 5
4 4
3 5
x x
-4 3 3

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