Here are all the Fill in the Blanks questions from previous years with answers, avoiding

repetition:

1. Normal level of potassium in the blood is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.

2. Presence of protein in the urine is called Proteinuria.

3. Difficulty in swallowing is called Dysphagia.

4. Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called Ascites.

5. Inflammation of the gums is called Gingivitis.

6. Decrease in potassium level in the blood is called Hypokalemia.

7. Inflammation of the gall bladder is called Cholecystitis.

8. A sudden temporary loss of consciousness is called Syncope.

9. Collapse of the lung is called Atelectasis.

10. Decrease in the number of platelets is called Thrombocytopenia.

11. Normal level of sodium in the blood is 135-145 mEq/L.

12. Bleeding from the nose is called Epistaxis.

13. Increase in serum sodium level is called Hypernatremia.

14. Ideal position for perineal and rectal surgeries is Lithotomy position.

15. Normal serum calcium level is 8.5-10.5 mg/dL.

16. Instrument used to check reflexes is Percussion hammer.

17. Spinal anesthesia is a type of Regional anesthesia.

18. Antibody-mediated immunity is also called Humoral immunity.

19. Inflammation of the stomach lining is called Gastritis.

20. Inflammation of the nose is called Rhinitis.

21. An artificial device used to replace a missing body part is called Prosthesis.

22. Inflammation of the lung parenchyma is called Pneumonia.

23. Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone causes Diabetes insipidus.

24. Collection of pus in the pleural cavity is called Empyema.

 25. Pain is considered as the fifth vital sign.

26. Normal pH of blood is 7.35-7.45.

27. The first Indian medical physician was Sushruta.

28. Normal Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) level is 7-20 mg/dL.

29. Collapse of lungs is called Pneumothorax.

30. Presence of blood in the urine is called Hematuria.

31. The normal level of bilirubin in the blood is:

• Total Bilirubin: 0.3 - 1.2 mg/dL

• Direct (Conjugated) Bilirubin: 0.1 - 0.4 mg/dL

• Indirect (Unconjugated) Bilirubin: 0.2 - 0.8 mg/dL

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Here are the “Give the Meaning” and “Define” questions from previous years, along with concise
explanations, avoiding repetition:

Give the Meaning of the Following:

1. Anaphylaxis – A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that causes difficulty in

breathing, swelling, and low blood pressure.

2. Fistula – An abnormal connection or passage between two organs, blood

vessels, or body parts.

3. Fumigation – A disinfection process using chemical fumes to eliminate pests,

bacteria, or viruses.

4. Nursing Process – A systematic approach used by nurses to provide patient

care, including assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

5. Osmosis – The movement of water molecules from a lower concentration to a

higher concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

6. Hypoxemia – A condition characterized by low levels of oxygen in the blood.

7. Glossitis – Inflammation of the tongue, leading to redness, swelling, and pain.

8. Emesis – The medical term for vomiting.

9. Auscultation – The act of listening to internal body sounds, typically using a

stethoscope.

10. Sterilization – A process of eliminating all microorganisms, including bacteria,

viruses, and spores, from surfaces, instruments, or fluids.

11. Tachypnea – An abnormally rapid breathing rate, usually more than 20 breaths
per minute.

12. Hernia – A condition where an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the
surrounding muscle or connective tissue.

13. Uremia – A condition in which waste products accumulate in the blood due to
kidney failure.

14. Hypovolemia – A decrease in the volume of blood circulating in the body, leading
to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.

15. Antigen – A substance that stimulates the immune system to produce an immune
response, often a protein from bacteria or viruses.
 16. Pleural Effusion – The abnormal accumulation of fluid between the layers of the
pleura surrounding the lungs.

17. Illness – A state of poor health caused by disease, infection, or a medical

condition.

18. Stress – The body’s response to physical, emotional, or psychological pressure.

19. Disasters – Sudden, catastrophic events that cause widespread damage,

destruction, or loss of life.

20. Nocturia – A condition characterized by frequent urination at night.

21. Cystoscopy – A medical procedure using a thin, flexible tube with a camera to
examine the bladder and urethra.

22. Neuralgia – Severe, sharp nerve pain occurring in a specific area of the body.

23. Acromegaly – A hormonal disorder caused by excessive growth hormone

production, leading to enlargement of body parts like hands, feet, and face.

24. Hypernatremia – A high concentration of sodium in the blood, often leading to

dehydration and neurological issues.

25. Osteoporosis – A condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the
risk of fractures.

26. Antidote – A substance that counteracts the effects of poison or toxins.

27. Chorea – A neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, irregular, and

jerky movements.

28. Percussion – A diagnostic technique in which the body is tapped to assess the
underlying structures based on sound and vibration.

29. Endoscopy – A procedure using a flexible tube with a camera to examine internal
organs such as the stomach and intestines.

30. Osteomyelitis – An infection of the bone, usually caused by bacteria.

31. Hydronephrosis – The swelling of a kidney due to the accumulation of urine

caused by an obstruction.

32. Disinfection – A process that reduces harmful microorganisms on surfaces or

objects to prevent infection.

33. Shunt – A surgically created passage or tube that redirects fluid from one area of
the body to another.

34. Choledocholithiasis – The presence of gallstones in the common bile duct, which
can block bile flow.
 35. Diffusion – The passive movement of molecules from an area of high
concentration to low concentration.

36. Hypersensitivity – An exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance,

such as an allergy.

37. Hiatus Hernia – A condition where a part of the stomach pushes through the
diaphragm into the chest cavity.

38. Inflammation – The body’s response to injury or infection, causing redness,

swelling, pain, and heat.

39. Pharmacodynamics – The study of how drugs affect the body, including their
mechanisms of action.

40. Atelectasis – A condition in which part or all of a lung collapses due to blocked
airways or pressure.

41. Hyperplasia – An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, leading to

its enlargement.

42. Laxative – A substance that promotes bowel movements to relieve constipation.

43. Pyrosis – The medical term for heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest due to
acid reflux.

44. Epistaxis – The medical term for a nosebleed.

45. Goiter – The enlargement of the thyroid gland, often due to iodine deficiency.
————————————————————

Define the Following:

1. Immunity – The body’s ability to resist infections through defense mechanisms,

including innate and acquired immunity.

2. Intestinal Obstruction – A blockage in the intestines that prevents the normal

passage of food and fluids.

3. Hernia – The abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in

the muscle or surrounding tissue.

4. Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA/Stroke) – A medical condition where blood

supply to the brain is interrupted, causing neurological deficits.

5. Diabetes Mellitus – A metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels

due to insulin deficiency or resistance.

6. Pulmonary Tuberculosis – A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium

tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs.

7. Peptic Ulcer – A sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, small intestine,
or esophagus due to excessive acid production or infection by H. pylori.

8. Bronchial Asthma – A chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes

wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing.

9. Nephrotic Syndrome – A kidney disorder causing excessive protein loss in urine,

leading to swelling, low blood protein, and high cholesterol.

10. Cirrhosis of the Liver – A chronic liver disease characterized by scarring and
impaired liver function due to prolonged damage.

11. Appendicitis – Inflammation of the appendix, which may require surgical removal
(appendectomy).

12. Pneumonia – An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, leading
to fluid accumulation and breathing difficulties.

13. Parkinson’s Disease – A progressive neurological disorder that affects

movement, causing tremors, stiffness, and balance issues.

14. Meningitis – Inflammation of the meninges (the protective layers around the brain
and spinal cord), usually caused by infection.

15. Osteoarthritis – A degenerative joint disease that leads to the breakdown of

cartilage and bone, causing pain and stiffness.
 16. Anemia – A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or
hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport.

17. COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) – A progressive lung disease

that causes airflow obstruction, making breathing difficult.

18. Epilepsy – A neurological disorder marked by recurrent seizures due to abnormal

electrical activity in the brain.

19. Hypertension – A chronic condition in which blood pressure is consistently

elevated above normal levels.

20. Hemorrhoids – Swollen veins in the rectum or anus, causing discomfort and
bleeding.

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Here are the True or False questions from previous years with correct answers, avoiding
repetition:

1. A butterfly rash is seen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). → True

2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce

thyroxine. → True

3. Inflammation of the stomach is called Stomatitis. → False (Correct:

Gastritis)

4. The fourth cranial nerve is the optic nerve. → False (Correct: Trochlear
nerve)

5. Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the urinary bladder. → False

(Correct: Inflammation of the gall bladder)

6. Lordosis is the lateral curvature of the spine. → False (Correct:

Scoliosis)

7. Bell’s palsy affects the facial muscles. → True

8. Bleeding from the nose is known as Epistaxis. → True

9. Optic nerve is associated with taste. → False (Correct: It is associated

with vision)

10. Hydrocele is a disorder of the female reproductive system. → False

(Correct: It is a male reproductive disorder)

11. Hardening and thickening of arteries is called Arteriosclerosis. → True

12. Dysphagia means difficulty in speaking. → False (Correct: Difficulty in

swallowing)

13. Inflammation of connective tissue is called Cellulitis. → True

14. Air in the pleural space is termed as Pneumothorax. → True

15. Widal test is done to diagnose Typhoid fever. → True

16. Rheumatoid arthritis mainly affects the joints. → True

17. Gout is a disorder of purine metabolism. → True

18. Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in India. → True

 19. Local anesthesia affects the entire body. → False (Correct: General
anesthesia affects the entire body)

20. Hepatitis B is transmitted through contaminated food and water. →

False (Correct: It is transmitted through blood and body fluids)

21. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani. → True

22. Kerning’s sign is seen in Meningitis. → True

23. Lignocaine is used as a local anesthetic. → True

24. Amoxicillin is an antiemetic drug. → False (Correct: It is an antibiotic)

25. Salt is restricted in patients with hypertension. → True

26. Hydrophobia is seen in Rabies. → True

27. The ideal position for perineal and rectal surgeries is the Supine
position. → False (Correct: Lithotomy position)

28. The Glasgow Coma Scale is used for respiratory assessment. → False
(Correct: It is used to assess consciousness level)

29. Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness due to reduced blood

flow to the brain. → True

30. Cushing’s syndrome is caused by excessive cortisol production. → True

31. Diabetes insipidus is caused by insulin deficiency. → False (Correct: It is

caused by deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH))

32. Lasix is an antiasthmatic drug. → False (Correct: It is a diuretic)

33. The universal blood donor group is O-negative. → True

34. The universal blood recipient group is AB-negative. → False (Correct:

AB-positive)

35. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. →

True

36. Anemia is caused by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin. →

True

37. Inflammation of the pancreas is called Pancreatitis. → True

38. The largest gland in the human body is the Pituitary gland. → False
(Correct: Liver is the largest gland)

39. The first cranial nerve is the Olfactory nerve. → True

40. Formaline is used for fumigation in the operation theater. → True
Here are the answers for 2-mark, 3-mark, and 4-mark questions from previous years, explained
in detail and formatted in points for clarity.

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2-MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

1. Define Hernia and its types.

• A hernia is the abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in

the surrounding muscle or connective tissue.

• Types:

1. Inguinal Hernia – Occurs in the groin area when part of the intestine pushes
through the abdominal wall.

2. Umbilical Hernia – Occurs near the navel, often seen in infants.

2. Define Immunity and its types.

• Immunity is the body’s ability to resist infections and toxins by producing

antibodies or immune responses.

• Types:

1. Innate Immunity – Present from birth and provides immediate defense.

2. Acquired Immunity – Develops after exposure to diseases or vaccination.

3. Define Epilepsy and mention its causes.

• Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to

abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

• Causes:

1. Brain injury, stroke, or infection.

2. Genetic disorders or metabolic imbalances.

4. Define Hemorrhoids and their causes.

• Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum or anus, causing pain and bleeding.

• Causes:
 1. Chronic constipation or straining during bowel movements.

2. Pregnancy or obesity increasing abdominal pressure.

5. Define Diabetes Mellitus and its types.

• Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder where blood sugar levels are high due
to insulin deficiency or resistance.

• Types:

1. Type 1 Diabetes – The pancreas does not produce insulin.

2. Type 2 Diabetes – The body becomes resistant to insulin.

3-MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

6. Explain the causes and symptoms of Peptic Ulcer.

• Causes:

1. Infection by Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

2. Prolonged use of NSAIDs like aspirin.

3. Excess acid production due to stress or spicy foods.

• Symptoms:

1. Burning stomach pain, usually after meals.

2. Nausea, vomiting, or bloating.

3. Blood in stool or black-colored stools.

7. Explain the complications of Hypertension.

• Complications:

1. Heart disease – High blood pressure increases the risk of heart attack and
failure.

2. Stroke – Can cause brain damage due to reduced blood flow.

3. Kidney damage – Chronic hypertension may lead to kidney failure.

8. Explain the functions of the Liver.

• Functions:

1. Metabolism of Nutrients – Converts carbohydrates into glucose and stores

glycogen.
2. Detoxification – Removes toxins and drugs from the blood.

3. Bile Production – Helps in fat digestion and absorption.

9. What are the signs and symptoms of Meningitis?

• Symptoms:

1. Severe headache and neck stiffness.

2. Fever, chills, and sensitivity to light.

3. Confusion, seizures, and altered consciousness.

10. What are the complications of Diabetes Mellitus?

• Complications:

1. Diabetic Retinopathy – Can lead to blindness.

2. Diabetic Nephropathy – Kidney failure due to excess glucose.

3. Diabetic Neuropathy – Nerve damage leading to loss of sensation.