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Plant Hormones

The document outlines the roles and importance of various plant hormones, including Auxin, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, and Abscisic Acid. Each hormone has specific functions such as promoting growth, delaying senescence, regulating dormancy, and influencing fruit ripening. The document highlights practical applications of these hormones in agriculture and horticulture.

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Ashish Mahere
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2 views2 pages

Plant Hormones

The document outlines the roles and importance of various plant hormones, including Auxin, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, and Abscisic Acid. Each hormone has specific functions such as promoting growth, delaying senescence, regulating dormancy, and influencing fruit ripening. The document highlights practical applications of these hormones in agriculture and horticulture.

Uploaded by

Ashish Mahere
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PLANT HORMONES: ROLE/IMPORTANCE

AUXIN
1. Initiate rooting in stem cutting (by using naphthalene acetic acid).
2. Promotes flowering in pineapple.
3. Prevents abscission of leaves and fruits in early stages but promotes
it in old ones.
4. APICAL DOMINANCE
It promotes apical dominance which means growing of apical bud and
prevents the growth of lateral bud.
NOTE: REMOVAL OF SHOOT TIP FROM THE PLANT TERMED AS
DECAPITATION PROMOTES THE GROWTH OF LATERAL BUDS.
THIS IN TURN IS USED IN TEA PLANTATION AND HEDGE
MAKING.
5. Induce parthenocarpy in tomatoes.
6. Used as herbicides.
NOTE: 2,4-D Widely used to kill dicot weeds while it does not affect
mature monocot plants.
8. Auxin also controls Xylem differentiation and helps in cell division.
GIBBERELLINS
1. Produce wide range of physiological responses in plants.
2. Increases length of axis along with the length of stalk of fruits (like
grapes).
3. Causes pome fruits like apples to elongate and improve its shape.
4. Delays senescence(ageing).
5. Enhances market value of fruits by delaying senescence.
6. Speeds up malting process in brewing industry.
7. Spraying sugarcane crops with gibberellins allows increase the
length of stem and increase its production 20 tonnes per acre.
8. With this hormone maturity period enhances in juvenile conifers as
the result early seed production occurs
9. It promotes bolting(internode elongation just prior to flowering)in
beet,cabbages and many plants with rosette habit.
10. Stimulate synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes like amylase, proteases etc.

CYTOKININ
1. It promotes cytokinesis or cell division.
2. Produces new leaves as well as chloroplast in leaves.
3. Promotes lateral shoot growth and adventitious shoot formation
4. Overcomes apical dominance and promotes lateral growth.
5. Promotes nutrient mobilisation which in turn delays leaf senescence.
6. It prevents yellowing of leaf knowns as chlorosis.
NOTE: RICHMOND LANG EFFECT
{STUDIED ON XANTHIUM}
7. Shelf life of cut shoot vegetables and flowers is increased.
8. Morphogenesis
A=C------CALLUS
A>C------PROMOTE ROOTING
A<C------PROMOTE SHOOTING
ETHYLENE
1. Horizontal growth of seedlings.
2. Swelling of the axis.
3. Apical hook formation in dicot seedlings.
4. Promote senescence and abscission of leaves and flower.
5. Effective in fruit ripening like of apples and tomato.
6. Increases respiration rate during ripening of fruits. [respiratory
climactic]
7. Breaks seed and bud dormancy and promotes germination in peanut
seeds also a geocarpic fruit.
8. Sprouts on potato tubers.
9. Promotes and petiole or internode elongation in deep water as in rice
plant so that shoots come above water surface.
10. Promotes root growth and root hair elongate in which in turn
increase the absorption surface area.
11. initiate flowering and fruiting in pineapple. Also induces flowering in
mango.
12. Regulates many physiological process.
13. Promotes abscission in flowers and fruits.
14. like thinning of cotton, cherries and walnut.
15. Exposure to ethylene causes dropping in flowers and leaves
16. Apogeotropism: it decreases sensitivity of roots towards gravity
ABSCISSIC ACID
1. Promotes/regulates dormancy {inhibits seed germination}and
abscission.
2. Inhibits growth and metabolism.
3. Closes stomata so termed as anti-transpirant.
4. Increases tolerance against adverse conditions. Therefore termed as
STRESS HORMONE.
5. Regulates development, maturation and dormancy.
6. Antagonistic to GAs

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