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General Chemistry I Assessment Answers

The document provides an overview of key concepts in General Chemistry I, including common molecular shapes, definitions of important terms like ionization energy and electronegativity, and details on isotopes and hybridization. It also outlines types of hydrocarbons and chemical reactions, along with a comparison of organic and inorganic acids. Additionally, it includes specific calculations such as pH and relative molecular mass.

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Yahaya Abubakar takalafiya
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0 views3 pages

General Chemistry I Assessment Answers

The document provides an overview of key concepts in General Chemistry I, including common molecular shapes, definitions of important terms like ionization energy and electronegativity, and details on isotopes and hybridization. It also outlines types of hydrocarbons and chemical reactions, along with a comparison of organic and inorganic acids. Additionally, it includes specific calculations such as pH and relative molecular mass.

Uploaded by

Yahaya Abubakar takalafiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Chemistry I Assessment

Answers
Q1a. Six Common Shapes of Simple Molecules
Linear: CO₂, BeCl₂

Bent (Angular): H₂O, SO₂

Trigonal Planar: BF₃, NO₃⁻

Tetrahedral: CH₄, NH₄⁺

Trigonal Pyramidal: NH₃, PCl₃

Octahedral: SF₆, [CoF₆]³⁻

Q1b. Explanation of Terms


Ionization Energy: Energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom in gaseous
state.

Electronegativity: Ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons.

Electron Affinity: Energy change when an atom gains an electron.

Atomic Radii: The distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell.

Q2a. Definitions
Universal Indicator: A mixture of pH indicators that shows different colors at different pH
levels.

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals: Mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals (e.g., sp³,
sp²) for bonding.

Q2b. Element with 13 Protons and 14 Neutrons


i. Atomic Number: 13

ii. Mass Number: 27

iii. Element Name: Aluminium (Al)


Q3a. Isotopes and Relative Molecular Mass
Given Isotopes: ²⁰X and ²²X with ratio 3:1

Relative Mass = (3×20 + 1×22) / 4 = 20.5

Q3bi. Hydrocarbon Types and Hybridization


Alkanes (sp³, tetrahedral, 109.5°): CH₄

Alkenes (sp², trigonal planar, 120°): C₂H₄

Alkynes (sp, linear, 180°): C₂H₂

Q3bii. Four Types of Reactions with Examples


Combination Reaction: H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl

Decomposition Reaction: 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂

Single Displacement Reaction: Zn + HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Double Displacement Reaction: NaCl + AgNO₃ → NaNO₃ + AgCl

Q4a. Definitions
Atom: Smallest unit of an element.

Element: Pure substance with only one type of atom.

Compound: Substance formed from two or more elements chemically bonded.

Isotopy: Existence of atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Q4bi. pH Calculation
pH = -log(1.0 × 10⁻⁴) = 4

Q4bii. Differences Between Organic and Inorganic Acids


Organic Acids Inorganic Acids

Contain carbon Do not necessarily contain carbon

Found in living things Found in minerals

Weak acids Strong acids

Examples: Acetic acid, Citric acid, Lactic Examples: HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃
acid

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