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Calc II Temporary Notes Week 3.1 - 9-3-24 and 9-6-24

The document covers integration by U-substitution, providing examples and algebra review related to composite functions and trigonometric identities. It explains the process of identifying components of functions for substitution and includes various examples for practice. Additionally, it discusses common forms of integration and how to change bounds, as well as using calculators for evaluating integrals.

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5 views10 pages

Calc II Temporary Notes Week 3.1 - 9-3-24 and 9-6-24

The document covers integration by U-substitution, providing examples and algebra review related to composite functions and trigonometric identities. It explains the process of identifying components of functions for substitution and includes various examples for practice. Additionally, it discusses common forms of integration and how to change bounds, as well as using calculators for evaluating integrals.

Uploaded by

ccc100606
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration by Section

U-Substitution 1.5
Before Class Video Examples
1. Find

2. Find

3. Find ∫ cos3 x sin x dx

4. Find

5. Find

41
42 Section 1.5: Integration by U-Substitution

Algebra Review
1. Composite functions

Notation

Example
i. For the functions and find

ii. For the function , give and

iii. For the function , give , , and

2. Trigonometric Identities

Reciprocal Identities Double-Angle Identities

1 − tan 2 x
= 1 − 2sin 2 x =
1 + tan 2 x
Pythagorean Identities
sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1

Half-Angle Identities

Sum And Difference Identities

Example
iv.
Section 1.5: Integration by U-Substitution 43

A. U-Substitution
We will use integration by substitution when we are trying to find an integral of product and
quotient of functions or of composite functions. We will try to find a component of the function
(which we will set equal to u), such that if we find the derivative of that component, the result
(multiplied by a constant) is something that is part of the original function.

Example:
Let’s first identify the two components in this function:
• Component 1 is
• Component 2 is
If we take a derivative of component 2 , we will get component 1 . For that
reason, we will let component 2 be in our problem. So,

Next, we will find the derivative of :

We are now ready to make some substitutions. In the integral we will


replace
•
•

We will integrate

And then back substitute into the result to get

Finally, we can conclude that


44 Section 1.5: Integration by U-Substitution

Examples
1.

2.

3.
Section 1.5: Integration by U-Substitution 45

4.

5. ∫ sin
2
x cos x dx

ln x
6. ∫ x
dx
46 Section 1.5: Integration by U-Substitution

7.

8.

9.
Section 1.5: Integration by U-Substitution 47

10.

11.
48 Section 1.5: Integration by U-Substitution

B. Common Forms

Examples
12. 13.

C. Change of Bounds
Example
14. By letting , the integral can be expressed as the integral .
Find the values of A and B.
Section 1.5: Integration by U-Substitution 49

D. Calculator
Example
15. Use your calculator to evaluate

TI 83/84 → Choose 9: fnInt (


MATH ENTER
(Older) → Enter the fxn, x, lowerbound , upperbound)

TI 84 → Choose 9:
MATH ENTER
(Newer) → Enter information into palette

14.

17.
50 Section 1.5: Integration by U-Substitution

19.

23.

24.

28. If is continuous and , then

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