DEVELOPMENT of EDUCATION in ASSAM:

1. A Department of Education was created in 1874.when Assam became a Chief Commissioner's Province
2. first English High School “Gauhati Seminari” was established in Gauhati.
3. Secondary Education Act of Assam 1961.

Kalika Purana
1. Kamrupa was located to the east of the Karatoya river.
2. The length of Kamrupa was 100 Yojanas.
3. Kamakhya Temple- located central region of ancient Kamrupa

The undivided Goalpara region (originally part of Bengal) came under East India Company control following the
Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. The region was initially part of the Rangpur Administration during the Company's rule.
Earlier called "North-Eastern Parts of Rangpur." Later Goalpara district was constituted in 1833.

Charaideo Moidams
 The underground vaults have domical superstructures.
 The mound heaps are hemispherical.
 A small open pavilion (chow-chali) is indeed present at the top of the mound.
 The maidam is enclosed by an octagonal dwarf wall.

"Jaapi"- GI in march 2024.

Kanchakanti Kali Mandir - Silchar

● fusion of Goddess Durga and Goddess Kali. built in 1806 by Kachari King.

The Mising tribe is the second-largest tribal group in Assam

The first historical reference to the Misings appears in the Ahom Buranjis from the 17th century
Mising language- Tibeto-Burman family + Roman script

Assam's Budget 2024-25:

1. Assam's revenue receipts have consistently increased from 2016-17 to 2022-23.
2. The budget emphasizes higher revenue receipts compared to capital receipts.
3. The major revenue-earning department is Commissioner of Taxes, not Land Revenue and Registration.

The international boundary lengths between Assam's districts and Bhutan

Baksa: 82.9 km > Chirang: 70.7 km>Kokrajhar: 61.4 km>Udalguri: 50.8 km

Dikhow River (south bank tributary )originates in the Naga Hills

Dibang River (north bank tributary) originates near Keya Pass on the Indo-Chinese border in Arunachal Pradesh
(flows through the Mishmi Hills in Arunachal Pradesh)
joins Lohit River north of the Dibru-Saikhowa sanctuary near Sadiya.

Hiren Bhattacharyya (Prem Aru Rodalir Kobi )

1. editor: Assamese magazine Prantik.
2. He published a magazine named Louit under the Assam Progressive Artists Literary Association.

Rudra Kandali- "Drona Parva," (section of Mahabharata)

Bhattadeva- father of Assamese prose.

2. Katha Bhagavata, Katha Gita, and Bhakti Viveka.
3. He earned the title "Bhagavata Bhattacharya" for his expertise in Bhagavad.

Bodo tribe is the largest group, constituting 35.1% of the tribal population in assam.

Assam Medical College

established in 1947, by upgrading Berry White Medical School founded in 1900.
Sir John Berry White donated Rs. 50,000 to establish the Berry White Medical School, which was the first to confer
an LMP diploma in Assam.
first principal - Dr. Hem Chandra Baruah.
hospital wing was inaugurated by Governor Sri Prakash in February 1948.

Myanmar, Thailand and Laos countries are acclaimed as the "Golden Triangle".

Chandraprabha Saikiani
1. She actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India
Movement.
2. She founded the Assam Pradeshik Mahila Samiti in 1926 to advocate for women's rights and welfare.
3. Her efforts led to the Haygrive Madhav Temple being opened to women, breaking gender-based discrimination.

Sonadhar Senapati founded Asom Bania Sabha to advocate for the rights of Dalits in Assam.
He met the Simon Commission in 1928 to raise issues related to oppressed castes and tribes.
He promoted women’s education by pioneering the establishment of the Laban Assamese Girls Higher Secondary
School in 1918.

Radha Govinda Baruah founded The Assam Tribune in 1939 and served as its first editor.
president of the Assam Cricket Association and played a key role in establishing Nehru Stadium in Guwahati.
first bank in Assam, the Imperial Bank of India. (RGB- cricket+bank)

Barphukan was tasked with governing the areas west of Kaliabor

"Arjun Bhanjan" is the only Ankia Nat that depicts a full story, while all others Ankia naat depict small incidents.
"Chordhora" - Ankia Nat portraying small incidents.

Bohuwa Dance- Sonowal Kacharis, every 2 years. to revere 'Khring Raja Baithow- principal deity of Sonowal
Kacharis. Not linked to harvest season

Lalit Oja of Sipajhar has been awarded the Sangeet Natak Academy award for his expertise in Sukananni Ojapali.

The number of departments reporting Gender Budget allocations increased from 22 (FY 2023-24) to 24 in (FY 2024-
25). The allocation decreased from ₹19,387 crore in FY 2023-24 to ₹16,937 crore in FY 2024-25.

Lateritic soils- deficient in N and lime. high iron content, making them red in color. Dima Hasao
Red sandy soils: Assam-Meghalaya border region, a common soil type in hilly areas.
Red loamy soils: tea cultivation, rather than fruit cultivation.

Armen L. Takhtajan- region between Assam and Fiji as the "Cradle of Flowering Plants."
1. This region is considered the evolutionary and diversity hub for angiosperms.
2. It is a major biodiversity hotspot, including parts of the Indo-Burma and Sundaland regions

The Barak Basin is bounded by the Barail range to the north and the Naga and Lushai hills to the east and Bangladesh
to the south and west

Sillimanite deposits have been discovered recently in Karbi Anglong.

Deopani, Sheelveta, and Silanijan are known for their good deposits of kaolin.

Son Beel is fed by the Singla River

Ramcharan Thakur compiled Kirtan Ghosha

Ananta Kandali: Harihara Yuddha, Mahiravana Vadha, Vrttrasura Vadha

Edward Pritchard Gee- discovery of the golden langur in Assam in 1953

Janma Rahasya was composed by Madhavdev at the direction of Srimanta Sankardev. 300 couplets.
Theme: destruction of the world (cataclysm). It explores the creation of jivas (souls) and the ten incarnations of God
Ratnakar Kandali- Geeta Kirtan,Sahasranam Brittanta

Greater Adjutant Stork- "Endangered" + Schedule IV (WPA), which provides less stringent protection.
Purnima devi barman:
UNEP Champions of the Earth award in 2022, Whitley Gold Award/Green Oscar

North Eastern Tea Association (NETA): formed in 1981, is an association of tea producers.
Headquarter- Golaghat

Momai Kota Garh is located on the south bank of the Brahmaputra River, stretching from Deepor Beel to the river
along the western boundary of Gauhati University.

Chilarai/ Shukladhwaja: Mahabir Chilarais birth anniversary annually since 2005

The first battle between the Burmese and the British took place at Vikrampur in Cachar on 17 January, 1824. British
Governor- Lord Amherst

The initiative to construct a bridge over the Brahmaputra River at Bhomoraguri was undertaken by Kolia Bhomora
Borphukan,

Sukhrungphaa (Rudra Singha), Suklingphaa (Kamaleswar Singha)

Dehbichaar Geet/ Mangaldaiya folk song, was introduced in the post-Sankaradeva period.
resemblance with the Baul songs of Bengal

Bhanumati (1890) is the first Assamese novel written by Padmanath Gohain Barua, followed by Lahori (1892). He
was the first Ahom member of the Assam Legislative Council, not the first Assamese member.
He presided over the first session of the Asam Sahitya Sabha on December 26, 1917, in Sivasagar.

Kanaklata Barua: role in QIM and martyrdom while leading a procession with the national flag.
Chandra Prabha Saikiani: A social reformer and activist who fought against racial prejudices and gender inequality,
including organizing the protest against Miss Long during her school days.
Pushpalata Das: A freedom fighter and a member of the Indian National Congress, known for her work in mobilizing
women during the independence struggle.
Indira Miri: A pioneer in women’s education and social reform in Assam.

SWIFT Project in Assam- Rejuvenation of wetlands for enhancing fisheries and ecological balance

Oil India Limited- established in 1959 and is headquartered in Duliajan, Assam.

first commercial discovery of crude oil in India- Digboi, 1889.
OIL acquired majority shares in Numaligarh Refinery Limited from Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
Maharatna status, making it the 13th Maharatna Central Public Sector Enterprise

Ruza' is a traditional water harvesting system practiced in the mountainous regions of Nagaland. This indigenous
method involves collecting runoff water in ponds situated at higher elevations, which then utilize gravity-based
irrigation to supply water to fields located at lower elevations

Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park recently created by recognizing the Chirang-Ripu Reserve Forest area along the Indo-
Bhutan border. third NP in BTR
located adjacent to Raimona National Park across Saralbhanga River (known for endangered Golden Langur)

Abhinandan Education Loan Subsidy Scheme 2.0

subsidy of up to ₹50,000 to eligible students with education loans taken between April 1, 2020, and March 31, 2024.
Students with loans below ₹2 lakhs or classified as Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) are ineligible for the scheme.

The film Gobuk – Harmony in the Highlands, which has been shortlisted for the 2024 Global Sustainability Films
Awards, celebrates conservation efforts in Gobuk village, located in Arunachal Pradesh.
● The film, directed by Tezpur-based Green Hub fellows Stanzin Tandup and Pauzatuala Suante
The documentary Mountain Agriculture Marvel, created by Barasha Das and Surajit Sharma, won the Best Film
award at the Green Frames: VATAVARAN Short Film Competition and Festival 2023. The film, made for Mongabay
India, highlights the ‘Ruza’ – a traditional water harvesting system in Kikruma village, Phek district, Nagaland.

Filmfare Awards Assamese 2024

"Tora's Husband," directed by Rima Das, won the Best Film award
"Rongatapu 1982," directed by Aimee Baruah, was nominated for Best Film and won Best Actress for Aimee Baruah.

Shiksha Setu Axom has been awarded the Gold Award for excellence in e-Governance by the Department of
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances.

Orang National Park and Tiger Reserve (ONPTR)- expanded(towards east), creating a 180 km-long animal corridor
connecting it to Burhachapori and Kaziranga National Parks.

Lachit Borphukan Gold Medal, awarded annually at the National Defence Academy (NDA)

A 125-foot bronze statue of Lachit Borphukan was unveiled at Hollongapar, Jorhat district
The statue was designed by Ram Vanji Sutar, a celebrated sculptor also known for creating the Statue of Unity,

Gauhati High Court: initially established as the High Court of Assam and Nagaland, and was renamed as gauhati HC
in 1971 after the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act.

Assam Rifles: formed in 1835 as ‘Cachar Levy’ to protect the British tea estates in Assam from tribal raids. nicknamed
"Sentinels of the North East" and "Friends of the Hill People".
Administration: MHA with Army retaining operational control.
Assam Rifles not only operates in the northeastern region but also has two battalions stationed in Jammu and
Kashmir. role in national disaster relief through its NDRF battalion.

Bahari Satra ( Barpeta): by Mahapurush Sri Sri Harideva in 1453 A.D- Mahapurushiya sect.

Dhubri-Phulbari Bridge: 19 km long four-lane bridge over the Brahmaputra River, connecting Dhubri in Assam with
Phulbari in Meghalaya. Larsen & Toubro (L&T)- construction agency
it will be India’s second-longest water bridge after the Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (21.8 km).

Mithun/gayals, are not valued for wool production but for their meat, milk, and draught power
The first confirmed presence of Mithun in Assam was found in the Dima Hasao district.

The Aqua Park at Tarin, Ziro in Arunachal Pradesh: first Integrated Aqua Park (IAP) developed under PMMSY.

Gram Saksham Project, supported by the SBI Foundation and Gramya Vikash Mancha (GVM), aims to improve the
lives of rural women in Assam. focuses on the traditional weaving sector

Khel Maharan: inspired by Gujarat's Khel Mahakumbh and focuses on grassroots-level sports competitions to
identify talent. Each revenue village is allocated Rs 10,000
Mascot: Maharaj Dodan- associated with the Rabha tribe. mentioned in Mahabharata.

Khelo India University Games (KIUG): 1st inaugural edition- Odisha in 2020.
4th edition in Assam. mascot : Asthalakshmi. first prize: Chandigarh university

Ranju Hazarika- Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2024- Assamese novel "Biponna Bismoi Khel."
Sutapa Chakraborty- Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar 2024- Bengali poetry collection "Deraje Halud Ful,
Gatajanma,"

SWIFT (Sustainable Wetland and Integrated Fisheries Transformation) initiative focuses on balancing wetland
conservation with fisheries growth. With a substantial corpus of ₹800 crores, this initiative aims to sustainably
manage wetlands, enhance livelihoods, and promote biodiversity.
Districts like Barpeta, Karimganj, and Cachar, known for their wetland ecosystems, are prioritized for implementing
SWIFT’s sustainable strategies.

The Nijut Moina Scheme provides monthly financial assistance to girl students from Class 11 to post-graduation, with
stipends of ₹1,000 for higher secondary, ₹1,250 for graduation, and ₹2,500 for post-graduation.

In 2023, Assam exported dragon fruit to international markets

Laimekuri in the Ahom kingdom: practice of testing food in the royal kitchen to safeguard the king from
poisoning.

Assam's e-Kaksha initiative: provides free online learning resources for students in Classes 1-10.
• Currently, content is available in Assamese

Guneswari Devi- freedom fighters from Assam, involved in the nationalist struggle since the days of the Non-
Cooperation Movement.

The PRERANA initiative primarily focuses on addressing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, especially
among adolescents
Also Promoting gender equity through community engagement

Pygmy Hog (Porcula salvania)

smallest wild pig species, but adults weigh 5-7 kilograms
After a successful captive breeding program in the 1990s, the species now thrives in protected areas like Manas and
Kaziranga National Parks
The Pygmy Hog Conservation Research and Breeding Centre was established in 1996 near Guwahati
A custom-built pre-release facility was established near Nameri National Park to prepare animals for reintroduction
into the wild. The first reintroduction of pygmy hogs took place in the Sonai-Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary

Bwisagu marks Bodo New Year, it is not a harvest festival or related to the end of the agricultural season. It is
celebrated as a cultural event to invoke blessings and prosperity for the coming year.
"Bodo Rongbong" reflects cultural unity and is central to festivals and gatherings
women weaving siju cloth

Act of 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms), Assamese members were added to the Imperial Legislative Council.
1. Bhuban Ram Das
2. Prabhat Chandra Baruah
3. Syed Abdul Majid

Assam Sahitya Sabha

1. emblem - Jugal Das
2. inaugural song 'Siro Senehi Mur Bhasha Janani'- Mitradev Mahanta
3. motto 'My Mother Tongue-My Eternal Love
4. official journal- Asam Sahitya Sabha Patrika

Syed Abdul Malik's: First novel, La Sa Gu

2 biographical novel: Dhanya Nara Tanu Bhal depicting the life of Sankardeva and Prem Amritara Nadi depicting the
life of Madhavdeva

1877, the first original "novel" in Assamese, Kaminikanta by A. K. Gurney, was published from the Baptist Mission
Press.

He Aranya He Mahanagar → Nabakanta Barua

Jangam → Devendranath Acharjya
Rati Phula Phool → Mahim Bora
Patkair Ipare Mor Des → Chandana Goswami
Litikai → Lakshminath Bezbarua
Assam launched DRIMS on 2024, to streamline disaster damage reporting and aid distribution.
Developed with UNICEF, it tracks damages to crops, livestock, and infrastructure for faster relief.

The Assam government launched a ₹796.88 crore project in October 2024 to rejuvenate 129 beels, with 80% funding
from the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

Darrang Raj Vamsavali: by Suryakhari Daivagya under the direction of King Samudranarayan of the Koch dynasty. It
is a genealogical account of the Koch kings.

The province of Assam was created in the year 1874.

Formation of Assam as an Indian state: In 1874, the Assam territory of 11 districts detached from the administrative
control of Bengal and Assam was made into an independent Chief Commissionership

Dhansiri River - Assam and Nagaland

Jiri River - Assam and Manipur
Longai River - border between Assam and Tripura
Surma River- Assam and Bangladesh.

Nalaguwa festival (beginning of the harvest season)- harvest festival celebrated by Moamoria community,

first Raas Leela was performed at Dakhinpat Sattra in 1840 AD

theme for World Fisheries Day 2024 focused on "India's Blue Transformation: Strengthening Small-Scale and
Sustainable Fisheries.

The title of Bodofa (Guardian of Bodos) was posthumously conferred upon Brahma on 8 May 1990

Crude oil was discovered at Naharkatiya in 1953

General Election was held in Assam in 1952
Mising Sahitya Sabha was formed in 1972. Bodo Sahitya Sabha was formed in 1952
Bordoloi Trophy tournament was started at Guwahati in 1952

Poa Makka was built by Sujauddin Mohammed Shah in 1657 AD as the tomb of Ghiyasuddin Auliya during the reign
of the renowned Mughal Emperor, Shahjahan

The first monthly newspaper in Assam, Assam Bilasini, was published in 1871, first weekly newspaper in Assam was
Assam Mihir, which was published in 1882,

Jaduram Dekabarua indeed compiled the first modern Assamese dictionary in 1839, but it remained unpublished
and was in handwritten form

Bagurumba dance, also known as Bardwisikhla dance, is performed by Bodo women wearing colorful dokhna and
aronai.

Doul Govinda Mandir- foothills of the Chandrabharati Hill in North Guwahati and is dedicated to Lord Krishna.

Serum Institute of India (SII) launched an indigenous HPV vaccine called CERVAVAC to prevent cervical cancer.

India’s Semiconductor Mission- (MeitY),

India’s Blue Economy (MoES) aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14)-Life under Water, which
focuses on conserving and sustainably using the oceans, seas, and marine resources

Global Methane Pledge- 30% methane reduction by 2030. India not joined

deep-sea mining is not core policy of India’s Blue Economy

(FRBM) Act:
• reduce the fiscal deficit to below 3% of GDP.
• General government debt (combined central and state debt) should not exceed 60% of GDP by 2024-25.

Strategic disinvestment often involves handing over management control, and selling majority stake

Offshore wind energy is a significant part of India’s renewable energy focus.

India’s first offshore wind energy Gulf of Khambhat
more capital intensive than onshore wind energy due to marine environments.

The Jal Jeevan Mission is a centrally-sponsored scheme

Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) aims to create a unique health ID for every citizen, enabling seamless
access to healthcare services and records. (MoHFW)
creating a digital health infrastructure, including health IDs and digitized records

The Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is designed to cover about 9-10 days of crude oil consumption at
current levels.
SPR is managed by the Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL), a subsidiary of the Oil Industry
Development Board (OIDB)

Digital India program- MeitY