3.
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
SYNOPSIS
• If in a circle of radius r, an arc of length I subtends and angle θ radians, then l=rθ
𝜋
• Radian measure = 180 × Degree measure
𝜋
• Degree measure = 180 x Radian measure
• 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 1
• cos(2𝑛𝜋 + 𝑥) = cos 𝑥
• sin(2𝑛𝜋 + 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
• Sin(-x) = -sin x
• Cos(-x)= cos x
• Cos(x+y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y
• Cos(x-y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y
• Sin(x+y) = sin x cos y + sin y cos x
• Sin(x-y) = sin x cos y – sin y cos x
tan 𝑥+tan 𝑦 𝜋
• Tan(x+y) = , ( if none of the angles x,y and x±y is an odd multiple of 2 )
1−tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦
tan 𝑥−tan 𝑦 𝜋
• Tan(x-y) = ( if none of the angles x,y and x±y is an odd multiple of 2
1+tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦
cot 𝑥 cot 𝑦−1
• 𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥 + 𝑦) = (if none of the angles x,y and x±y is a multiple of π)
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦+cot 𝑥
cot 𝑥 cot 𝑦+1
• 𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥 − 𝑦) = (if none of the angles x,y and x±y is a multiple of π)
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦−cot 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
• 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2 + 𝑥) = − sin 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 2 + 𝑥) = cos 𝑥
• 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋 − 𝑥) = − cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 − 𝑥) = sin 𝑥
• 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋 + 𝑥) = − cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 + 𝑥) = − sin 𝑥
• 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜋 − 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜋 − 𝑥) = − sin 𝑥
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
• 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 1 = 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
2 tan 𝑥
• 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
2 tan 𝑥
• 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
3 tan 𝑥− 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥
• 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 = 3 sin 𝑥 − 4 sin 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 − 3 cos 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥 = 1−3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
1 1
• sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 2 (𝛼 ± 𝛽) cos 2 (𝛼 ∓ 𝛽)
1 1
• cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 2 (𝛼 + 𝛽) cos 2 (𝛼 − 𝛽)
1 1
• cos 𝛼 − cos 𝛽 = −2 sin 2 (𝛼 + 𝛽) sin 2 (𝛼 − 𝛽)
• 2 cos 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 = cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos (𝑥 − 𝑦)
• −2 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦 = cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) − cos (𝑥 − 𝑦)
• 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 = sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) + sin (𝑥 − 𝑦)
• 2 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 + 𝑦) − sin (𝑥 − 𝑦)
GENERAL SOLUTIONS
• sin 𝑥 = 0 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋, ∀𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
𝜋
• cos 𝑥 = 0 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) 2 , ∀𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
• sin 𝑥 = sin 𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + (−1)𝑛 , ∀𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
• cos 𝑥 = cos 𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 𝑦, ∀𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
• tan 𝑥 = tan 𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + 𝑦, ∀𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
LEGENDS
Class Work Homework Challenge Yourself Strongly recommended to Evaluation
practice
1.
Section C: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Section D: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
2. MCQ: 1-25
ARQ:1-2
3. Q – 26 - 32
4. Section C: Q 46 - 65
Section D: 67 - 71
5. Q 66, 38, 39, 40 , 43 , 45
SECTION A ( 1 Mark)
1. The value of 2(sin6 x + cos6x) - 3(sin4 x + cos4 x) =
1) 1 2) -1 3) 0 4) None
3 3
sin cos
2. + =
1 + cos 1 − sin
1) cos - sin 2) sin - cos 3) sin + cos 4) None
1
3. cos = x + is valid
x
1) for all values of x 2) for all positive values of x
3) for all negative values of x 4) for no value of x
4 If sin x=0 then x = ________
1) nπ 2) (2n+1) π/2 3) (n+1) π 4) nπ/2
5 If cot = 4/3 then 2 sin2 - cos2 =
1) 1/25 2) 2/25 3) 0 4) 4/25
−7 7 cot − 24tan
6 If lies in the third quadrant and sin = then =
25 7cot + 24tan
1) 31 2) 17 3) −17 4) None
17 31 31
7 4 radians = _____________
1) 720° 2) 240°51’53” 3) 229°10’59” 4) 233°11’48”
8 If 5 cosA + 7 sinA = 7, then the value of 7 cosA -5 sinA =
1) 5 2) -5 3) 7 4) -7
9 If cos - sin = 2 sin, then cos + sin =
1) 2 cos 2) 1/ 2 cos 3) 2 sin 4) None
1
10. If sec + tan = , then lies in
5
1) first quadrant 2) second quadrant 3) third quadrant 4) fourth quadrant
11. If sec + tan = 4 , then cos =
1) 8/17 2) 4/17 3) 15/17 4) None
12. The value of cot cot 3 cot 5 cot 7 cot 9 is
20 20 20 20 20
1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) 1/2
13. If angle of arc is 60° and the length of arc is 20 cm. Find the radius of the circle from which
arc is intercepted.
1) 18.08 cm 2) 17.07 cm 3) 19.09 cm 4) 18 cm
14. Tan (15°) =___________________
1) 2 + √3 2) 2 - √3 3) 1 + √3 4) √3 - 1
0 0 0 0 0
15. cos 24 + cos55 + cos125 + cos204 + cos300 =
1 1
1) - 2) 3) 1 4) None
2 2
16. sin 250 cos 650 + sin2 1150 cos2 2450 + sin22950 cos2 3350 =
1) 1 2) 2 3) 1/2 4) None
0 0 0 0
17. sin 600 cos 330 + cos120 sin 150 =
1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) None
1
18. If sin(x-y) = = cos(x + y) then
2
1) x = 2y 2) y = 2x 3) x = 3y 4) y = 3x
−8
19. ‘A’ lies in the third quadrant, ‘B’ lies in fourth quadrant tan A = 4 , sinB = , then
3 17
the quadrant in which (A+B) lies is
1) first quadrant 2) second quadrant 3) third quadrant 4) fourth quadrant
sin 1350 − cos 2400
20. If = a + b , then b =
sin 1350 + cos 2400
1) 2 2) 8 3) 3 4) None
21. cos2 60 - cos2 240 =
1− 5 5 −1 5 +1
1) 2) 3) 4) None
8 8 8
22. sin2 750 - sin2 150 =
1) 1/ 2 2) 1/2 3) 3 /2 4) None
23. The value of tan 20 + tan 25 + tan20 tan 250 =
0 0 0
1) 1 2) 1/2 3) 2 4) None
0 0
+ tan 22 1 + tan 23
24. The value of . is
1 + tan 130 1 + tan 320
1) 1 2) 2 3) -1 4) -2.
25. If tan x=1/√3 then sin 2x =___________________
1) 1/ √2 2) ½ 3) √3/2 4) 1
26. Evaluate
31 17 − 25
(i) sin (ii) cos (iii) tan
3 2 3
27. Find the value of
(i) Sin 405º (ii) Sec (-1470º) (iii) Tan (-300º)
28. Find the value of
(i) cos480 º (ii) sin 1230º (iii) Cot(-135º) (iv) Cosec(-1410º)
29. Prove that Cos A + Sin (270º +A) – Sin (270º – A) + Cos (180º +A) = 0
30. Prove that Sin (40 º +A) Cos (10 º +A) – Cos (40 º +A) Sin (10 º +A) = ½
31. Evaluate Sin
12
3 − 12
32. If Sin A = and Cos B = where A and B both lie in the second
5 13
quadrant, find the value of
(i) Sin (A – B) (ii) Cos (A+B) (iii) Tan (A – B)
SECTION B (2 Marks)
33. If cos x + sin x = √2 cos x, show that cos x – sin x = √2 sin x.
34 If sin α and cos α are the roots of the equation ax2 – bx + c = 0, then find the relation satisfied
by a, b and c.
35. Is the equation 2 sin2 x – cos x + 4 = 0 possible?
36. Find the range of f(x) = 1 + 3 cos 2x
37. Find the minimum and maximum values of 3 sin2 x – 2 cos2 x + 9
38. Prove that:
(i) sin ( -690 º) cos (-300 º) + cos (-750 º) sin (-240 º) = 1
(ii) cos 24 º + cos 55 º + cos 125 º + cos 204 º + cos 300 º = ½
𝑝+𝑞
39. If tan (A+ B) = p and tan (A- B) = q, show that tan 2A =
1−𝑝𝑞
𝑚 1
40. If tan α = and tan β = , show that α + β =
𝑚+1 2𝑚+1 4
𝑘+1
41. If x + y = z and tan x = k tan y, then prove that sin z = sin (x-y).
𝑘−1
1−𝑚
42. If cos (x + y) = m cos (x – y), then prove that tan x = cot y.
1+𝑚
43. Prove that √3 cosec 20 º – sec 20 º = 4
44. If cos α + cos β = 0 = sin α + sin β, then prove that cos 2α + cos 2β + 2 cos (α + β) = 0
45. Prove that :
Sin 4x = 4 sin x cos3 x – 4 cos x sin3 x
SECTION C (4marks)
Prove the following identities:
13 1
46. If Cos A = and Cos B = where A and B are acute angles
14 7
show that A –B =
3
47. Tan70 º = Tan20 º + 2Tan50 º
4 5
48. If Cos (A+B) = , Sin (A –B) = , A and B lie between 0 and ,
5 13 4
56
prove that tan2A =
33
cos11 + sin 11
49. = tan 56
cos11 − sin 11
50. Tan15 º + tan30 º + tan15 º tan30 º = 1
51. tan13A – tan 9A – tan 4A = tan 13A tan9A tan4A
3 tan x − tan 3 x
52. If Tan x + tan (x +60 º) + tan (x +120 º) =3, then prove that =1
1 − 3 tan 2 x
53. tan20 º tan40 º tan80 º = tan60 º
3
54. Cos10 º Cos30 º Cos50 º Cos70 º =
16
55. Cos 20 º + Cos100 º + Cos 140 º = 0
tan( A + B) x + 1
56. If Sin 2A = x Sin2B prove that =
tan( A − B) x − 1
3 +1
57. 2 Cos 45 º Cos 15 º =
2
1 1 x+ y 3
58. If Cos x + Cos y = and Sin x + Sin y = , prove that tan =
3 4 2 4
59. Cos x + Cos (120 º – x) + Cos (120 º + x) =0
sin 2 A
60. = tan A
1 + cos 2 A
1 + sin 2 A + cos 2 A
61. = Cot A
1 + sin 2 A − cos 2 A
cos 2 A
62. = tan − A
1 + sin 2 A 4
63. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos8 A = 2 cos A
sec 8 A − 1 tan 8 A
64. =
sec 4 A − 1 tan 2 A
65. Prove that cos2(45º – A) - sin2 (45º – A) = Sin2A
66. Find the general solutions of the following trigonometric equations:
(i) 4 Cos x Sin x + 2 Sin x + 2Cos x + 1 = 0
(ii) tan3x – 3tanx = 0
(iii) sin x tan x – 1 = tan x – sin x
(iv) cos x – sin x = - 1
(v) √3cosx + sin x = 1
(vi) cot x + tan x = 2cosecx
SECTION D(6marks)
Prove the following identities:
67. Cos2 A + cos2(A +120º) + cos2(A – 120º) = 3/2
3 5 7 1
68.(1 + cos ) (1 + cos ) (1 + cos ) (1 + cos ) =
8 8 8 8 8
3 cos3 A
69. Cos3 A + cos3(120º + A) + cos3 (240º + A) =
4
70. Tan A + tan (60º +A) – tan (60º – A) = 3 tan 3A
3 5 7
71. Cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2 =2
8 8 8 8
ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS
The following question consists of two statement-Assertion(A) and Reason (R). Answer the
questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A
(b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation for A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true.
1. Assertion(A): The ratio of the radii of two circles at the centres of which two equal arcs
subtend angles of 30° and 70° is 21:10.
Reason(R): Number of radians in an angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc is
equal to the ratio of the length of the arc to the radius of the circle.
2. Assertion(A): cosec x is negative in third and fourth quadrants.
Reason(R): cot x decreases from 0 to -∞ in first quadrant and increases from 0 to ∞ in third
Quadrant.
***************************
SCORING KEY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 3 4 1 2 2 3 2 1 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 1 3 2 2 1 1 3 3 2
21 22 23 24 25
2 3 1 1 3
`26. (i) √3/2 (ii) 0 (iii) -√3
27. (i) 1/√2 (ii)2/√3 (iii)√3
28. (i) –1/2 (ii) ½ (iii) 1 (iv) 2
31. √3 –1 /2√2
32. (i) –16/65 (ii) 33/65 (iii) -16/63
34. a2 – b2 + 2ca = 0
35. No
36. [-2, 4]
37. Min=7,
Max = 12
66. (i) x = 2n π ± 2 π/3 or nπ + (-1) n7 π/6
(ii) x = n π + π/3 or nπ + 2 π/3
(iii) x = n π + (-1) n π/2 or n π + 3 π/4
(iv) x = n π or (2n + 1) π/2
(v) x = 2n π + π/2 or 2n π – π /6
(vi) x = 2n π ± π/3
ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS
1. d
2. c
