Wherever reference has been made to previous works of others, it has been

clearly indicated as such and included in the bibliography.

Prachi Ravindra Dhiware

(Your Name)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To list who all have helped me is difficult because they are so numerous and the depth
is so enormous.
I would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic channels and fresh
dimensions in the completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to thank the University of Mumbai for giving me the chance to
do this project.

I would like to thank my Principal, Dr. J. C. Purswani for providing the necessary
facilities required for completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to thank our Co-ordinator – Dr. Varsha Sawlani for her moral
support and guidance.

I would also like to express my sincere gratitude towards my Project Guide_Prof.

Reena Mishra whose guidance and care made the project successful.

I would like to thank my College Library, for having provided various reference
books and magazines related to my project.

Lastly, I would like to thank each and every person who directly or indirectly helped
me in the completion of the project especially my Parents and Peers who supported
me throughout my project.

OBJECTIVES
 To know the various investment options available to youth to make an investment.

 To find out whether young investors are looking for long term growth, risk, return On
investment or liquidity.
 To understand the youngsters income and saving pattern.
 To know that for how much time period, they prefer to invest their money

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Chapter No. 1: Introduction

1.1 MEANING:
Firstly, young people have enough free time in their daily work. So that they can research the
best investments and current trends. Investing as a teen helps young adults prepare financially
for the future. It also helps them financial literacy.

An investment is sacrifice of current money or other resources for future benefits. Sometimes
Investing is an art. The art of investment is to see that the return is maximized with the minimum
degree of risk. In the investment the risk elements and time elements places a major role. A
sacrifice takes place now and it is certain but the benefits is expected in the future and tends to be
uncertain. Investing is essential to achieve your goals. Successful Investing takes time, discipline
and patience.

Investment influences the rate of economic growth because it is a component of aggregate

demand. An increase in investment will boost the economy to prosperity. Youth plays a very
important role in economic. India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world.
Economic growth of a country is highly depended on the saving habits among the productive
youth. The new generation now tend to save the money rather than spending them.

Saving is an important part of every person in this world and also plays and Important role in
shaping nation’s economy. Every person in this world wants to invest some amount of their
income in some sort of investment tools to Make better returns of it, for some future goals and
unpredictable problems. In this paper the main goal is to understand the Investment preferences
among the young generation of India, to know whether they are moving towards investment
avenues like Mutual Funds, Equity Market or they are following the same traditional pattern of
investment like gold, real estate, and post office Deposits which has been followed by the older
age groups. One of the most thing why one should invest to beat the cost of inflation. Inflation is
nothing But when the value of money drops by which it means that the money won’t Buy you
the same amount of the goods which it used to buy. Financial Products act as an investor safety
on the grounds of their risk appetite and Financial status and also the risk and return from the
financial product. In India the investment avenues which were traditionally being used by the
investors Were “Bank Deposits, Post Office Deposits, LIC Scheme, and Gold”. But with The
growth in finance industry of India in past few years, have changed the Preference of the young
generation and thus they are shifting towards Investment avenues like Mutual Fund, Equity
Market and Commodities. According to census the age group which has been defined for Young
generation is 15-30, but the age group which has been taken for this Study is 21-35 because by
this age many individuals start thinking about their Investments. Young investors who have been
considered for this research are The ones falling into the age group of 21-35 years.

1.2 Define:
Sacrifice of certain present value for some uncertain future value.

Investment opportunity means a Work Activity not currently identified in the Lifetime Plan
which, if pursued, may result in a cost and schedule benefit to the Authority

1.3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION:

HISTORY
Investment studies has an extended history. Ever for the reason that first inventory alternate
turned into hooked up extra than four hundred years ago, the Amsterdam Stock Exchange,
traders may want to get entry to records and get funding recommendation to research which
choices to make.

 Mailing

A few centuries later, in the 20 th century, the stock market became more popular. Banks started
to send investment research to their clients through the mail. This information was aimed to
solve investors’ problems, such as information inaccuracies and fraud.
  Advance research

Since the 1980s, a lot of cutting-edge research portals have been developed, including
Bloomberg. This is how investment research has grown to be incredibly crucial for investors as a
way of gathering precise and trustworthy data, and how the market for investment research
globally surpassed $16 billion in 2017.

 Continuous Development

In the 21st century, investment research is constantly evolving. This is due to the greater
availability of data, breadth, variety of sources, and multiple analysis methods. For instance,
emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence allow investors to analyze a larger amount
of information coming from varied sources, known as alternative data.

1.4 Characteristics of investment:

1. Return: Investment are made with the primary objective of deriving a return.
 The expectations of a return may be from income (yield) as well as through capital application.
 Capital appreciation is the difference between the sale price and the purchase price of the
investment.
 The dividend or interest from the investment is the yield.
 The expectations of return from an investment depends upon the nature of investment, maturity
period, market demand, and so on.

2. Risk: Risk may relate to loss of capital, delay in repayment of capital, nonpayment of interest,
or variability of returns.
 The longer the maturity period, greater is the risk.
 The risk of an investment is determined by the investment's maturity period, repayment
capacity, nature of return commitment, and so on.
 The lower the repayment capacity, higher is the risk.
  Risk also varies with nature of the return commitment. Ownership commitment such as
investment in equity shares carry a higher risk compared to lender commitments such as
investments in debentures and bonds.
 Higher the risk, higher is the expected return.

3. Safety: The safety of investment is identified with the certainty of return of capital without
loss of money or time.
 Every investor excepts to get back the initial capital on maturity without loss and without
delay.
 Investment safety is gauged through the reputation established by the borrower of funds.
For example, investment is considered safe especially when it is made in securities issued
by the government of a developed countries.

4. Liquidity: An investment that is easily saleable or marketable without loss of money and
without loss of time is said to posses the characteristics of liquidity.
 Some investments such as deposits in unknown corporate entities, bank deposits, post office
deposits, national saving certificate, and so on are not marketable. There is no well established
trading mechanism that helps the investors of these instruments to subsequently buy/sell them
frequently from a market.
 Investment instruments such as preference shares and debentures (listed on a stock exchange)
are marketable.
 Equity shares of companies listed on recognized stock exchanges are easily marketable.
 A well – developed secondary market for securities increases the liquidity of the instruments
traded therein.

1.5 ADVANTAGES

 Power of compounding:
Compounding means that returns on investments (ROIs) are reinvested to earn higher returns.
Although it may seem low, over the long-term the power of compounding allows individuals to
accumulate huge wealth. The longer one remains invested, the higher your wealth increases.
  Money management skills :
Until they start working, most youngsters rely on their families to fund their expenses. The
financial independence achieved with the first job allows them to spend on several luxury items.
Their first priority is to meet their expenses before they consider about investing and savings.
However, when a person starts investing at an early age, it inculcates financial discipline ensuring
unnecessary expenses are avoided. These financial lessons will help them throughout their lives.
As they progress in their careers, their incomes rise. The early habit of financial discipline helps
them restraint from indulgence and ensures stability through their lives. Investing is a long-term
activity that requires time to study the variables. When a person begins in his early 20s, he has
sufficient time to learn from his failures and build on his success. Moreover, he has the flexibility
to adopt different investment strategies that may be risky but deliver higher returns.

 More risk appetite:

Investments such as equities or mutual funds are able to deliver higher returns. These are risky
investments because of their exposure to market volatility. However, an individual in his early 20s
generally will not have too many responsibilities and is able to assume higher risks to earn greater
returns. As life progresses, marriage, children, and other responsibilities increase, which reduce
the risk appetite of most individuals. Therefore, youngsters are recommended to open a demat
account online and start investing today.

 No debt burden:
The easy availability and structuring of loans have encouraged most individuals to avail of debt to
meet their large purchases. This increases not only the cost of their purchase but requires them to
pay huge interests. If an individual begins goal-based investing at the start of his career, he will be
able to avoid taking a loan, which reduces his financial burden. Therefore, financial planning and
investment discipline help a person remain debt-free.
  Higher retirement corpus:
It is important to start planning for retirement early in life. This gives sufficient time to individuals
to build a good retirement corpus, which ensures their financial freedom during their golden years.
When a person begins early, he will need to invest a smaller amount to build the desired corpus.
However, as he grows older, the investment amount increases, which may result in financial
difficulties. Using the Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) route to accumulating mutual funds in
the demat account is recommended to build a good retirement corpus.

1.6 DISADVANTAGES

 Loss from lack of experience

Definitely one of the major cons of investing during your youth, is that you don’t have
accumulated experience. Investments can be complicated, especially if you are looking into
mutual funds or stocks. Without the correct knowledge, you are putting yourself at a high risk
of financial mistakes. One wrong move could lose you thousands of Rupees

 Vulnerable to scams and frauds

As young investors don’t have advanced experience and knowledge, they are more vulnerable
to specific scams and frauds. For example, many fake websites, including cryptocurrency
exchanges, can steal your money and information in a matter of minutes.

1.7 AVAILABLE INVESTMENT OPTIONS

Today, there are many different investing instruments available. We would categorise or put them
into groups to make our lives simpler. There are many different investing opportunities in India.
Some of them are liquid and marketable, while others are not. Some of them are also very risky,
while others are almost risk-free. Depending on his particular demand, preferred level of risk, and
anticipated return, the individuals must select Proper Avenue from among them. The following
headings are general categories for investment opportunities.
I) Shares
A shareholder’s interest in a certain portion of the capital is represented by a share. It conveys a
confidential bond between the corporation and the shareholder. A shareholder owns a portion of
the firm, but the assets of the company, which are owned by the company as a separate legal entity,
are not his property.
Section 2(46) defines a share as, “A share in the share capital of a company and includes stock
except where a distinction between stock and shares is expressed or implied”
“A share is the interest of a shareholder in the company, measured by a sum of money, for the
purpose of liability in the first place, and of interest in the second, but also consisting of a series
of mutual covenants entered into by all the shareholder inter se in accordance with the companies
act,” thus a share
I) Measures the right of a shareholder to receive a certain proportion of the profits of the company
while it is a going concern and to contribute to the assets of the company when it is being
wound up;
II) Forms the basis of the mutual covenants contained in the articles binding the shareholders inter
se.
A share is a personal estate capable of being transferred in the manner laid down in the articles of
Association. It is a movable property which can either be mortgaged or pledged. Share is included
In the definition of “good” under the provisions of the sale of goods act, 1930. Every share issued
By a company under its common seal specified the shares held by any member. The share
Certificate is the prima facie evidence of the title of the member to such shares. The share
Certificate is not a negotiable instrument.

Types of shares:
According to section 86 of the companies act, a company can issue only two types of shares:
 Equity shares.
 Preference shares

Equity shares:
All stocks which aren’t desire stocks are fairness stocks. Equity shareholders have the residual
rights of the organization. They might also additionally get better dividend than desire shareholders
 if the organization is rich or get not anything if the commercial enterprise of the organization flops.
In the winding up. The fairness stocks are entitled to the complete surplus belongings last after the
fee of the liabilities and the capital of the organization, except the articles confer proper at the
desire stocks a proper to take part withinside the distribution of surplus belongings

Preference shares:
A preference share must satisfy the following two conditions:
1) It shall carry a preferential right as to the payment of dividend at a fixed rate; and
2) In the event of winding up, there must be a preferential right to the repayment of the paid up
capital.
These are two dominant characteristics of preference shares. So preference share may or may not
Carry such other right as:
 A preferential right to any arrears of dividend;
 A right to share in surplus profits by way of additional dividend;
 right to be paid a fixed premium specified in the memorandum; and
 A right to share in surplus assets in the event of a winding up, after all kinds of capital
have been repaid.

II) MUTUAL FUNDS

This is a new field for investment, and the market offers a wide range of plans to meet the needs
of many different people. Of general, when it comes to finance, equity can be thought of as
ownership in any asset that has had all associated debts paid off. For instance, a car or property
that has no outstanding debt and can be easily sold for cash is regarded to be the owner’s equity.
Stocks are considered equity since they signify ownership in a corporation. Benefits of investing
in mutual funds

I) It's not necessary to make a significant investment while using mutual funds; you can
contribute as little as $1. Investors find it more appealing because of this benefit.
II) Purchasing various instruments: Picture getting a thaali at your favourite eatery,
where you can eat a variety of dishes for a reasonable price! Similar principles apply
 to mutual funds as well. The securities that mutual funds invest in are diverse. By
limiting the impact of a potential fall in the value of any one security, this
diversification lowers the risk. By using a mutual fund, you may achieve this
diversification for a lot less money than you could on your own.
III) Convenience: You have a direct line to the fund house or your financial advisor to
invest with. You receive regular updates on the value of your investments and scheme
portfolios.
IV) Professional Management: Mutual fund investments are managed by knowledgeable
and experienced individuals who, with the assistance of an investment research team,
evaluate the performance and future prospects of businesses and choose the most
appropriate investments to meet the scheme's goals.
V) Easy access to your money in open-ended mutual funds, you can redeem all or part of
your units any time you wish. Some schemes do have a lock-in period where an investor
cannot return the units until the completion of such a lock-in period. With close-ended
schemes, you can sell your units on a stock exchange at the prevailing market price or
avail of the facility of repurchase through Mutual Funds at NAV relatedprices which
some close-ended and interval schemes offer you on maturity of schemeor periodically,
as the case maybe,

III) Post office saving

A low-risk investment option, the Post Office Monthly Income Scheme is available at any Post
Office. Deposit interest is slightly higher than that offered by banks. Half-yearly interest
calculations and annual payments are made. The post offices offer many different kinds of
programmed.

1. Savings Account
• Any individual can open an account.
• Cheque facility available.
• Rate of interest 4% per annum.
• Group Account, Institutional Account, other Accounts like Security
 Deposit account & Official Capacity account are not permissible

2. Recurring Deposit Account

• Any individual (a single adult or two adults jointly) can open an account
• Advance Deposits earn rebate. Four defaults are allowed.
• Rate of interest 8.30%
• Maturity value of a 5 Years RD account opened on or after 14.2013 with monthly deposit of
INR.10-shall be INR.744.5
• Defaults can be paid within two months.
• Part withdrawal facility available.
• Premature closure allowed after three years. Pay Roll Savings Scheme is also available for
employees of various Establishments.

3. Time Deposit Account

• There are four possible tenures for post office time deposit accounts you can choose from, i.e. 1
year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years.
• The minimum deposit allowed in this account is Rs 1,000.
• The interest is calculated quarterly but is payable on an annual basis. For a tenure of up to 3
years, the rate is 5.5% p.a., and for a 5-year term, the rate is 6.7% p.a.
• The investment in the account with five year maturity will qualify for Section 80C deduction.
• The Post Office TD account can also be pledged as a security to scheduled or cooperative banks.
• Deposits cannot be withdrawn before the expiry of six months from the date of deposit

IV) Life Insurance Policies:

Insurance companies offer many investment schemes to investors. These schemes promote saving
and additionally provide insurance cover. LIC is the largest life insurance company in India.
Some of its schemes include –
Life policies,
Convertible whole life assurance policy,
Endowment assurance policy.
Jeevan Saathi,
Money back policy
Unit linked plan
Term assurance
Immediate annuity
Deferred annuity
Riders etc.
Insurance policies, while catering to the risk compensation to be faced in the future by investor,
also have the advantage of earning a reasonable interest on their investment insurance premiums.

V) PPF (Public Provident Fund):

A long-term investment that matures in 15 years. A PPF account can be opened through a
nationalized bank at any time of the year, and deposits are accepted all year long. Tax advantages
are available for the invested amount, and interest earned is tax-free. From the seventh financial
year from the date the account was opened, a withdrawal is permitted each year.

Public provident Fund Account

1) The best investing choice for both salaried workers and independent contractors.
2) Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) are not eligible.
3) Under section 80 C of the IT Act, investments up to INR 1,000,000 per year are eligible for an
IT rebate.
4) The rate of interest on contributions made to the fund on or after December 1, 2011, as well as
any balances to the subscriber's credit in their active PPF account, shall be eight and seven percent
(8.70%) annually.
5) Loan facility available from 3rd financial year upto Sth financial year. The rate of interest
charged on loan taken by the subscriber of a PPF account on or after 01.12.2011 shall be 2% p.a.
However, the rate of interest of 1% p.a. shall continue to be charged on the loans already taken or
taken up to 30.11.2011.
6) Withdrawal permitted from 6th financial year.
7) Free from court attachment.
8) An individual cannot invest on behalf of HUF (Hindu Undivided Family) or Association of
persons.

PPF Interest Rate From 2012 to 2022

Let’s take a look at the interest rates offered by PPF account from the year 2012-2022:

Financial Year Interest Rate

2012-2013 8.80

2013-2014 8.70

2014-2015 8.70

2015-2016 8.70

2016-2017 8.10

2017-2018 7.60

2018-2022 7.60

PPF rates represented above are for the last 7 years.

The interest earned on PPF is tax-free; this makes it one of the best investment options in India.

VI) Real Estate

One of the fastest-growing sectors in India is real estate, which holds great prospects in different
 sectors such as retail, housing, manufacturing, commercial, hospitality and much more. Buying a
flat or plot is the best decision amongst the investment options available in India. The risk is very
low because the rate of the property increases within 6 months. Real estate investment works as
an asset, which is considered as one of the best investment plans with high returns over a long term
period.

Features of Real Estate investment:

 Investment in real estate has a high tangible asset value.
 Investing in real estate also lets you have a portfolio, which lowers your volatility and
provide high returns.
 Wait until the right time, and accordingly sell the property and the investments get
liquidated.

VII) Bonds
Bonds are debt instruments in which a buyer purchases a bond from a government or business and
holds it until the bond matures. The Issuer shall pay the Interest on the Bond in full at such time.
India offers a wide range of bonds, including ones that are only sold privately and a tax-savings
bond that releases the purchaser from paying taxes. To improve your money, you should maintain
a diverse investment portfolio.
The bonds are usually locked in for 5-10 years. The maturity duration of the bonds is often
Referred to as the lock-in period. The bonds are also termed as Non-Convertible Debentures, or
NCDs for short, because they are essentially debentures issued by the corporation that cannot be
changed into shares, thus the phrase “non-convertible.”
Investors have a choice of bonds to choose from, including corporate bonds, emerging market
bonds, public sector undertaking bonds, and tax-saving bonds.

VIII) Bank Fixed Deposits

Fixed deposits are exceptionally well known fixed-pay venture choices. Consistent with its
name, FD offers fixed returns over the tenure of the investment. The profits are payable month
 to month, quarterly or yearly, according to the bank rules.
Depending on the bank, FDs offer cumulative and non-cumulative options of investment.
When it comes to the non-cumulative option, as per underwriting the interest will be paid and
on the other hand, the interest will be re-invested and will be paid at the maturity within a
cumulative option.

This makes it one of the best investment options in India.

The investment in fixed deposits can be made online or by visiting any branch of the bank of
your choice. The FD interest rates are attractive, ranging from 6.50 (for regular account
holders) to over 7 (for senior citizens) for the tenure of 1 year.

FDs offer a range of tenures (minimum – 7 days, maximum – 10 years) and the investors
can choose the investment as per their investment horizon.

Features of Bank Fixed Deposits:

 Investing bank fixed deposits give financial stability and a safe instrument tool, which lets
you earn high returns on a surplus fund.
 The renewal of bank fixed deposits is easy and certain banks provide overdraft facility
against fixed deposits.
 The market fluctuation does not affect the fixed deposit and the returns are fixed as well.

IX) Gold ETF (Exchange Traded Funds)

Gold Exchanged Traded Funds are tools, which are a combination of both gold investment and
stock. The Gold ETF can be easily bought and likewise can be sold with any company stock. The
Gold ETFs are instruments that are passive on the premise of the price of the gold making it
transparent when it comes to pricing.

When the market-linked tools in terms of risks are volatile, often higher returns are offered.
Therefore, before you lock down a financial instrument, it is advisable to conduct research and get
complete correct information in regards to the product and the position of it in the market.
 • Features of Gold ETF’s:

 Investment in Gold ETF provides high liquidity, which can be easily traded in the stock
exchange.
 The advantage to decide the quantum you intend to sell and buy.
 It can be used as security for secured loans and make the transaction instant.

X) INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING

Also known as a stock market listing of a company, initial public offerings are offerings by
which new companies invite the public to buy their shares before they get listed on
exchanges. As the initial rates are low, investors tend to keep an eye out for promising
companies that are likely to have their stock value inflate over time once they are listed.

XI) Debentures

A debenture is a type of bond. However, the term debenture only applies to an unsecured bond.
Therefore, all debentures can be bonds, but not all bonds are debentures. In business or corporate
financing, unsecured debentures are typically riskier requiring the payment of higher coupons.
Companies often favor issuing secured bonds because they can pay a lower coupon rate.
An unsecured corporate bond issued from Apple would be an example of a debenture. A corporate
mortgage bond issued to a select group of creditors that includes a collateralized provision for the
property would be an example of a secured bond not considered a debenture.
Sometimes, debentures are issued with provisions that allow the holder to exchange the debenture
for company stock. Nonconvertible debentures are unsecured bonds that cannot be converted to
company equity or stock. Nonconvertible debentures usually have higher interest rates than
convertible debentures.
All debentures have specific features. First, a trust indenture is drafted, which is an agreement
between the issuing corporation and the trust that manages the interest of the investors. Next, the
coupon rate is decided, which is the rate of interest that the company will pay the debenture holder
or investor. This rate can be either fixed or floating depending on the company’s credit rating or
the bond’s credit rating.
For nonconvertible debentures, the date of maturity is also an important feature. This date dictates
when the issuing company must pay back the debenture holders. The most common form of
repayment is called a redemption out of capital. Through this redemption, the issuing company
makes a lump sum payment on the date of maturity.
A substantial portion of the bonds traded on standard bond platforms is debentures. Thus,
debentures can be easier to invest in than secured bonds. Many secured bonds are issued to a select
group of investing creditors. Some secured bonds may also be bought through brokerage
platforms, but many require a full-service broker.

1.8 Elements of Investments:

Return: Investors purchase or dispose of financial instruments in an effort to generate a profit.

The return consists of both capital gain and current income (current yield) (capital appreciation).

Risk: Risk is the potential for financial loss brought on by the unpredictability of investment
returns. Every investment carries the potential for loss. It can be an investment loss, but risks and
rewards are always intertwined.

Time: Time is an important factor in investment. Time period depends on the attitude of investors
who follow a “buy” and “hold” policy.
A serious minded investor will have to consider the following important categories of Investment
opportunities:
1. Protective investments
2. Tax oriented investment
3. Fixed income investment
4. Speculative investment
5. Emotional investment
6. Growth investment
 1.9 Reasons to Invest in Youth Skills

 We can’t reach the Sustainable Development Goals without investing in youth skills. Within
 the Global Goals, skills development figures as part of Goal 4, around quality education. What
that framework doesn’t say, but what IYF knows to be true, is that this learning factors into
how the world can achieve each objective on the ambitious agenda. In addition to being critical
to achieving Goal 1, ending global poverty, youth skills development can have a far-reaching
ripple effect, as illustrated by other points in this list.
 We don’t have time to lose. By 2030, the end date for the SDGs, today’s 18 year-old will be
32. Our mission is that by that age, a young person is a productive, civically engaged, tax-
paying citizen who can support a family, if they have one. We must reach today’s young people
with the right technical and life skills to unlock opportunity for them and future generations.
Our Passport to Success© program focuses on life skills such as self-confidence,
responsibility, and respect, and workplace readiness skills including interviewing, time
management, and career planning.
 Fostering youth skills can drive gender equity and ultimately promote gender equality (Goal
5). When IYF looked at what the world’s young people are doing, we saw that 178.2 million
fewer young women than men have legal work despite being enrolled at every level of
education in higher numbers. That is to say nothing of wage gaps, roadblocks to completing
education, and representation in leadership. A holistic package that includes offerings such as
life skills, reproductive health education, and money management can prepare young women
to secure safer, better paying jobs; enjoy greater self-confidence; find financial independence;
and become peer leaders in their communities.
 Investing in young people is good for business. With partner Hilton Worldwide, we’ve seen a
real commitment over time to their team members’ life skills development and, through efforts
like a high school degree equivalency initiative, their continued education. In addition to the
satisfaction and opportunity this kind of skills development affords the young person, for the
company, this investment can offer returns in the form of staff retention, superior teamwork,
and increased customer satisfaction.

1.10 Statement of the problem

As already established in previous literature, an Individual’s investing pattern and preferences go

on Changing as he moves further in his lifecycle stages. It is Understood that individuals would
 prefer to invest their Money with different a purpose. As a majority of India’s Population is
young, it becomes imperative for all Organizations whether in product or service category to
Have a clear idea about the changing needs of their Consumers. The investment industry is no
exception to that. It is extremely important for banks as well as Non Banking Financial
Corporations to fully know their customers. This Research aims to throw light on the changing
needs of the Young investors. In view to the problem statement, the following research
Questions can be brought out:

1) What is the level of awareness about investments among the youth in India ?
2) What are the various sources which inform and Influence the young generation while making
investment Decisions?
3) Is there a difference between the investment activity of Young men and women?
4) Is there a correlation between occupation and risk taking ability of the youth?

• Chapter No. 2:Research Methodology

2.1 Hypothesis

 H0: There is a no high level of awareness among young people about many
 options regarding investments.

 H1: There is a high level of awareness among young people about many
options regarding investments.

 H0: There is a no link between age and knowledge of the importance of

investing in young people.
 H1: There is a link between age and knowledge of the importance of investing
in young people.

2.2 Scope of the Study:

 The study is mainly planned to know the various investment opportunities

available to youth and which of them are the most preferred ones.
 The study also covered all the people investing online, or physically trading
off, or through brokers.
 This research will definitely provide a better understanding of the investment
options available in India from various financial institutions.
 All the different occupations are also covered in this study, whether
businessmen, service going, self employed and so on.
 The level of knowledge about various investment options is also considered.
 Their level of risk bearing capacity is also considered. How much the return
factor they consider while investing is also taken
 This research paper also provides a comparison among the selected
investment options.
2.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of the research is to understand the various investment opportunities for
youths and to understand the relation between investment and savings. If the selection of
investment avenues among the youthful investors is good, then it will help our government for
making policies according to it so that the investors get motivated to invest in Financial Market
and its Instruments. The study area is featured by a good number of young generations.
students, salaried, businessmen. Further, this study will help the young investors to decide in
what financial product they should invest so that they can plan their goals accordingly.

2.5 Limitation
 The provided questionnaire is not completed.
 The findings cannot be applied to the whole populace.
 It is not possible to collect primary data
 The lack of knowledge of respondents about the various financial products
can also be a limitation for the study.
 The study has been conducted to primary level and has not considered all the
Investment avenues.

2.6 Research And Methodology

Primary Data :-

The instrument used to collect primary data is questionnaire. The questionnaire

was Formed in a way to evaluate the various investment opportunities for
youths. It was designed in a manner to cover all the aspect of the study to
carefully examine all The objectives. The questionnaire consisted of 11
questions related to all the aspects of The study. The questionnaire consisted of
both closed and open ended questions. It Contained questions on tax
planning, demographic
 profile of investors, awareness and Preference level of investors regarding ELSS
and other investment options.

Every effort had been made to prepare the questionnaire simple and easy to
understand. The questionnaires were sent through emails with the help of
Google forms For final data collection the researcher had approached 200
Respondents out of which 148 responses were received.

Secondary Data:-
Secondary research includes data that has been previously collected and
assembled for projects other than the one in hand. This method allows researchers
to evaluate and identify gaps in literature with the help of various sources.

The secondary data for understanding the various aspects of investment

behaviour of youth has been collected and reviewed from the books, research
papers as well as from the internet.

• Chapter No. 3:Literature Review

I) Gina Chowa, Mat Despard, and Isaac Osei-Akoto (2012) sought to determine whether
young people would use formal financial services to save if given the chance in their
article titled “Youth saving patterns and performance in Ghana.” According to the survey,
the majority of the sample’s young regularly set away money, hold onto it for only brief
periods of time, and utilise it mostly for short-term consumption. The study found that
young people in developing nations have a high tendency to save, but that their ability to
 engage in formal saves and investments was limited by a lack of information and
expertise.

II) “Prudent Financial Behavior Among Youth: The Role of Financial Attitude, By -
mohd zamri abu bakar, saridan abu bakar, 2020” The article talks about financial
problems involving the younger generation who have been declared bankrupt is
significant proof that the current young generation having difficulties in managing their
personal finance effectively. It has been found out possessing positive FA is best to
equip youth with sufficient knowledge, information and life skills to assist them to make
k financial judgement, to improve their financial behavior.

III) “Financial Literacy, Perceived Risk Attitudes and Investment Intentions Among
Youth In Jammu and Kashmir”. By- Aabida Akhter, 2016” The results show that on
average the youth show a high score on risk propensity than cautiousness wheras
discussed in previous chapters risk propensity measures the extent to which the
respondents view risks positively and are in favour of taking more risks for better returns.
The findings show that on average, the youth have more liking for adventures decisions.
Also, they believe in analysing the relevant information carefully about the behavior
under consideration.

IV) Vyas and Manish Mittal (2008) Investors struggle with specific cognitive and emotional
flaws that impede their ability to make sound financial judgments. Scientists have
established over the past few years that investors do not always make reasonable
decisions. They process information incorrectly when making financial decisions because
of behavioural biases. Numerous academics have attempted to categorise investors
according to their relative risk-taking capabilities and the type of investments they make.
A person’s investing decision may also be influenced by other factors, including age,
income, education, and marital status, according to empirical findings. This study divides
Indian investors into distinct personality types and examines the connection between key
demographic characteristics and the investors’ investment personalities.
V) Meenakshi Chaturvedi and shruti khare (2012). In this study they examined the
investment pattern and awarness about various investment alternatives such as bank
deposits, shares, bonds, mutual funds, etc. The research finds out the impact of factors such
as age occupation annual income of an individual on investment. The paper aims to study
the awarness and preferences of investors towards different investment avenues and the
factors influencing their prefernces.

VI) Investment Pattern Of Youth In India With Particular Reference To Mumbai.” By –

“Ms. Sudarshana Saikia et al, 2018”, College of commerce and Economics Simple
financial literacy among young people, how they educate themselves and how they look at
risk, returns, and different investment modes, and what determines the same thing. The
results have been that incomes have risen in the graph, so they need profitable opportunities
to bring their money in for days to come, but because of a lack of realistic comprehension,
they are puzzled.

VII) Abhijeet Birari & Umesh Patil (2014) studied the spending and savings habit of
youth in the City of Aurangabad. The study finds that significant difference exists in the
spending habits of Students belonging to different education levels. The study finds that
most of the youth in the Sample spend a large portion of the money on consumable goods
and that due to lack of awareness, the amount of money saved or invested is very little.

VIII) Deshpande & Zimmerman (2010) explored the potential of Youth Savings
Accounts (YSAs) As a vital intervention in youth development and financial inclusion. The
paper finds that the Best way to encourage youth savings and asset accumulation is by
offering major financial Incentives to jump start the savings process. The paper found
evidence that youth savings May have the potential to be a high leverage intervention, with
positive effects on youth Development and financial inclusion.

IX) FAMA, EUEGEN F (1972) Through this study, he has suggested alternative method for
evaluating investment Performance with finer breakdowns of performance. He develops
methods for distinguishing Part of an observed return due to the ability to pick up the best
 securities at a given level of Risk (selectively) from the part that is due to the prediction of
general market price Movements (timing). He also suggests methods for measuring effects
of foregone Diversification in the event of an investment manager deciding to concentrate
his holdings in What he considered a few winners. The study also presents a multi period
model that allows Evaluation of both return and portfolio that can be subdivided in two
parts, via, the return for Security selection and return from risk bearing. Various finer
subdivisions of both selectivity And risk are also presented. To a large extent, the suggested
models are an attempt to combine Concepts from modern theories of portfolio selection
and capital market equilibrium with More traditional concepts of what constituted good
portfolio management.

X) ABHIJEET BIRAI AND UMESH PATIL (2014)

This study was conducted to know the spending and saving habits of youth in
Aurangabad. Three categories of youth were taken- junior college, graduation level and
post graduation students.It was found that a huge difference in spending pattern of youth
has come up. The youth has started spending more and saving less. The major areas of
spending include entertainment, lifestyle, branded products, mobile phones, sports
accessories and the latest gizmos and travel. It was found that none of the junior college
students save or invest money and also don’t spend money on shopping and eating out.

XI) Sudalaimuthu and senthilkumar (2008) Mutual fund is the one of investment avenues
the researcher research in this area about investors perception towards mutual fund
investments has been analyzed effectively taking into account the investors reference
towards the mutual fund sector, scheme type, purchase of mutual fund units, level of risks
undertaken by investors, source of information about the market value of the units,
investors opinion on factors influenced to invest in mutual funds, the investors satisfaction
level towards various motivating factors, source of awareness of mutual fund schemes,
types of plan held by the investors, awareness of risk category by investors, problems faced
by mutual fund investors. Running a successful mutual fund requires complete
understanding of the peculiarities of the Indian Stock Market and also the awareness of the
small investor. The study has made an attempt to understand the financial behavior of
 mutual fund investors in connection with the scheme preference and selection. An
important element in the success of a marketing strategy is the ability to fulfill investor
expectation. The result of these studies through satisfactory on the investor’s perception
about the mutual funds and the factors determining their investment decisions and
preferences. The study will be useful to the mutual fund industry to understand the
investor’s perception towards mutual funds investments and the study would also be
informative to the investors.

XII) "Abhinandan Kulal et al., 2019," "Analysis of Investment Pattern of Different

Class of People," The investment made by "Abhinandan" in 2019 for salaried ku la staff,
working women, and teachers. Every financial instrument has a varied risk and return at
different times. For every investor, they are adaptable and fragile. Important and practical
in light of the uncertain future we currently face. Personal investing goals and
considerations both pertain to investments. Every investment decision is made based on
the potential trade-off between risk and return. investment grade and timing. An investment
involves making various judgments on type, mix, and amount as well as the arrival of
conditions. Families have a significant impact on investors. In addition, women invest less
than males do.

XIII) Ramesh, M. Geetha (2011) The factors influencing people’s investment behaviour
and the various investment possibilities are examined in this study. Equity are high-risk,
high-return investments with liquidity, whereas debts are low-risk investments with fixed
returns, mutual funds, and bonds are low-risk investments with normal returns, company
deposits, bank deposits, post office savings, PPF, and insurance policies are no-risk
investments with low returns, and real estate and gold do not yield returns but do increase
in value over time.

XIV) Sunil Gupta (2008) the investment pattern among different groups in Shimla had
revealed a clear as well as a complex picture. The complex picture means that the people
are not aware about the different investment avenues and they did not respond positively,
probably it was difficult for them to understand the different avenues. The study showed
 that the more investors in the city prefer to deposit their surplus in banks, post offices, fixed
deposits, saving accounts and different UTI schemes, etc. The attitude of the investors
towards the securities in general was bleak, though service and professional class is going
in for investment in shares, debentures and in different mutual fund schemes. As far as the
investments are concerned, people put their surplus in banks, past offices and other
government agencies. Most of the horticulturists in Shimla city who belong to Apple belt
though being rich have a tendency of investing then surpluses in fixed deposits of banks,
provident funds, Post Office savings, real estates, etc. for want of safety and suitability of
returns.

XV) The study on Investment behaviour of Indian Investors: Gender Biasness, By-
Ms. Priya Kansal February, 2013” find out that women’s roles are shifting and that they
have a large social profile. The study also indicates that women’s decisions are not
different from men’s choices. There are several reports that confirm the role of gender
inequality in investment trends. Most research suggests that women spend more
conservatively than men (Yao, R. & Hanna, S.D., Yao, R. & Hanna, S.D.

XVI) MS. LUBNA ANSARI, MS SANA MOID

Investors have different mindset when they decide about investing in a particular avenue.
Every individual wants his saving to be invested in most secure and liquid way. However,
the decision varies for every individual depending upon their risk aptitude. Investment
behaviour is related to activities of individual investors regarding searching, evaluating,
acquiring, reviewing the investment products and if necessary, disposing such investment
products. Investment behaviour reveals how the individual investor allocates the surplus
financial resources to various instruments available. This paper analyses the trading or
investing behaviour of professionals who are in the age bracket of 25 years to 35 years.
These young investors generally take trading decisions based on their self-perceived
competence but sometimes with the help of financial advisors too. Their investment
objective also differs from financial stability to additional income and so on. This paper
attempts to find out the factors responsible for increased investing activities among young
 professionals. Based on the findings of the survey, the study examines the factor affecting
the investment behaviour in the stock market. On the basis of age, income and gender, it
can be concluded that for young investor’s investment is independent of age, income and
gender.

XVII) N MAHESWARI (2018)

In this research paper, the researcher studied investment habits of people living in
Sivagangai district. Investment is a crucial part of one’s life. Investment is a method of
creating more money with the money available. It means allocating it in such avenues
where it gives positive returns and appreciate the money. In this study, women respondents
were taken with a sample size of 120 living in Sivagangai district. It was found that a
number of factors need to be considered to take a balanced investment decision such as
safety, liquidity, returns, risk, tax benefits, time period and so on. So , he gave suggestions
such as the Government should encourage investment awareness through advertising,
providing them the financial education required to take financial decisions. Also, the
government should encourage investments and saving patterns of people. It was also found
that people invest in various investment avenues considering their income and decide the
risk factor associated with various avenues related to the age of investors.

XVIII) J BRENSON (2014)

In this , the researcher studied the saving habits of households in Gold ornaments in
India. The survey was conducted through a sample size of 500 respondents in
Kandipuram. Gold Where have you been investing. In India serves different functions.
It is used in various wedding ceremonies, serves as a Status symbol, the richer families
own more and more gold , especially the Indian house Wives. The study was conducted
with the objective of finding the main reason behind buying Gold in Indian families,
and the impact of rising prices on the demand of gold. He found that the main reason
of buying gold was investment purpose. Due to the inflation Problem and the rising
 prices of gold, people find it better to invest in gold, where its value Will increase in
the future and not decline. So, the main motive of buying gold is wealth accumulation.
He also interpreted that despite the rising prices of gold, the demand for gold will rise.

• Chapter No. 4: Data Analysis, Interpretation and Presentation

4.1 .Where have you been investing
 Option Percentage Respondents

Bank Deposits 39.9% 59

Shares 25% 37
Mutual Funds 12.8% 19
Bonds 3.4% 5
Insurance 6.8% 10
Gold/Real Estate 5.4% 8
Debentures 2% 3
Post office savings 4.7% 7

Total 100 148

Interpretation:- Above pie chart indicates that most of people been investing in bank deposits
which is 39.9% And 25% people are investing in shares. In Mutual funds 12.8% people are been
investing and rest of 6.8% People are Investing in insurance, 3.4% people are investing in Bond
and in Gold and Real Estate 5.4% people are investing 2% of people investing in Debentures and
in post office savings 4.7% people are been investing.

4.2. What percentage of your earnings do you invest.

 Option Percentage Respondents

Up to 25% 61.5% 91
25 – 50% 25.7% 38
50 – 75% 8.8% 13
More than 75% 4 6

Total 100 148

Interpretation :- Above pie chart shows the percentage of earnings of people they
have been investing 61.5% are investing up 25.7% of there earnings 25-50% of
earnings of people invest in 25.9%. 8.8% people investing there earnings in 50-75%.
4.3. What is the main purpose of your investment.

Option Percentage Respondents

Wealth Creation 18.9% 28

Tax saving 12.8% 19
Earn returns 23% 34
Future Needs 45.3% 67

Total 100 148

Interpretation :- Above pie chart shows the main purpose of investment of people
45.3% people are investing in future needs. In Tax saving people are investing up
to 12.8% and 18.9% people investing in wealth creation. 23% of people investing in
Earn Returns.
 4.4. How much do you generally save.

Option Percentage Respondents

1 – 5000 56.1% 83
5000 – 10000 26.4% 39
10000 – 15000 14.2% 21
15000 and above 3.3% 5

Total 100 148

Interpretation :- Above Pie Chart Shows the percentage of people how much they
save generally through there earnings 56.1% people save 1 – 5000 and 26.4% of
people save upto 5000 – 10000 generally 10000 – 15000 save by 14.2% of people.
4.5. Which growth rates do you want for your investment.

Option Percentage Respondents

At an average rate 57.4% 85
At fast rate 35.1% 52
Other 7.4% 11

Total 100 148

Interpretation :- Above pie chart shows the growth rate from the investment of
people 57.4% . People have average rate through there investment and 35.1% of
people want on fast rate of investment remaining people want 7.4% of other
ratesfrom their investment.
4.6. What are the issues you face while investing.

Option Percentage Respondents

Inconvenient technology 14.2% 21

Payment issues 18.2 27
Problems in linking bank A/C 14.9% 22
No problem 52.7% 78

Total 100 148

Interpretation :- Above Pie chart shows the issue face by the investor while
investing 52.7% people don’t have any problem while investing 14.9%. People face
payment issue and inconvenient technology face by 14.2%. 18.2% people face
payment issue while investing.
4.7. Which sector do you like to invest in.

Option Percentage Respondents

Public sector 46.6% 69

Companies
Private sector 42.6% 63
Companies
Foreign sector 10.8% 16
Companies

Total 100 148

Interpretation :- Above pie chart shows where the people want to invest in
42.6% of people like to invest in private sector companies. In public sector
companies 46.6 % people like to invest and 10.8% people like to invest in foreign
sector companies.
4.8. What factors do you consider while choosing an investment
option.

Option Percentage Respondents

Returns 45.3% 67
Risk 25.7% 38
Stability 18.2% 27
Tax benefits 10.8% 16

Total 100 148

Interpretation :- Above pie chart Shows what factors people will consider while
choosing an investment 45.3% of people choose returns while investing and
25.7% of people consider by 10.8% of people and 18.2% people Consider
stability factor while choosing an investment option.
4.9. What time frame do you have in mind for investing money.

Option Percentage Respondents

Up to 1 month 21.6% 32
Up to 6 month 34.5% 51
Up to 1 Year 25.7% 38
More than a Year 18.2% 27

Total 100 148

Interpretation :- Above pie chart Shows what frame people do have in mind for
investing money 34.5% people have up to 6 month and 25.7% people have up to 1
year to investing there money 18.2% people have More than a year and 21.6%
people have Up to 1 month for investing money.

4.10. What kind of risk – return pattern do you seek.

Option Percentage Respondents

High risk – High return 37.8% 56

Low risk – Low return 27.7% 41
Don’t know, never really 34.5% 51
through about it.

Total 100 148

Interpretation :- Above pie chart shows what kind of risk-return pattern people
seek 34.5% people Don’t know and they never really thought about it. Low risk-
low return seek by 27.7% of people and 37.8% people seek for high risk- high
return.

4.11. Who advises you when choosing investment.

Option Percentage Respondents

I study and collect 42.6% 63
Information
Broker 14.9% 22
Friends 16.2% 24
Family 17.6% 26
Others 8.8% 13

Total 100 148

Interpretation :- Above pie chart shows from where people get advice for
choosing investment. 42.6% people study and collect information and
14.9%people get advice from broker .from friends 16.2% people take advice
for
 choosing information. 17.6%people take advice from family and from others
8.8%people take advices for choosing investment.

• Chapter No. 5:Conclusions and Suggestions

5.1 CONCLUSION:

After collecting the responses and analyzing the findings, the following conclusions are drawn:

 148 responses were collected in this research study, out of which 96 were females and 52
were males.
 The most common source of investment among the youth is family and friends, following
which, financial advisors are preferred.
 The main investment objective of the respondents is generating regular income and they
prefer investing money for a medium period of time Up to 6 months.
 The respondents are highly affected by the market movement.
 Return on investment highly persuades the decision of investment choices shares
 Youth Most of the youth have a good knowledge about the investment choice available in
the market
 It is observed that the most preferred investment option by the youth in shares and Bank
Fixed Deposits.
 Maximum investors’ wants their investment grow at fast rate.
 The main purpose of majority of the people to invest money is to meet its future needs.
 Maximum investors’ wants their investment grow at fast rate.
 Traditional saving options like post office schemes are now passé. Options
 Like post office schemes are not very popular with the youth as the rate of Interest on them
is lower as compared to other investment options available.
 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS:

 The various investment tools which are mostly preferred by the investors are bank deposits,
post office savings, etc. So there should be various other means to create awareness
regarding the potential of other instruments and the tools which can be more beneficial to
the investors.

 The investors consider various factors while making investment like risk, return, liquidity
ete, there should be rational thinking o that the investor is able to know that at what point
of time they need capital appreciation instead the risk and when the need return instead of
liquidity.

 The preferred time span of investment by the investors depends upon the need of the
investor that whether they wants to have early and high returns or wants to have stable
returns, most probably the long time span is suitable because the returns are high and safety
is also there.

 The satisfaction level of various investors is different due to different investment

alternatives they opt for. If they will be aware of each type of alternative and the worth of
the alternatives then investing as per that there satisfaction level will also be high.

 Investors should have the complete knowledge of all the alternatives.

 5.3 SUGGESTIONS

As it is evident that the youth in India is well informed and aware about most investment
avenues, it is beneficial to the society by and large. When people start investing money at
an early age, they are bound to get more returns. With the time factor on their side, they can
build exceptional investment portfolios by investing in the most profitable investment avenues as
well as secure their future while building a growing economy for the country. Marketers need to
know and fully understand theinfluencers for investment decisions with respect to the young
investors. Young investors are beginners in the financial market and seek help and guidance
when it comes to investing. Organizations should hence focus on building lasting relationships
with the help of tools like Customer Relationship Management. Internet provides a solution to
almost all problems in the walk of life today and we can see more and more youth seeking help
from internet for everything. Hence, marketers should carefully evaluate all the information and
content that is published online, as this can be a major source of information for the young
investors. Lastly, financial planning is emerging as an occupation and the research shows that
young investors are seeking professional advice from financial planners while investing
as well. Organizations should pay special attention to the role of financial planners in young
investors' decisions. Also, majority of students are seen to be willing to take
evaluated risks. They should be provided with the right information and guideline about
investments at the right age so that they start investing early in life.
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1. https://www.financialexpress.com/money/young-and-want-to-be-rich-here-
are-5-top-advantages-of-investing-in-early-20s/1094790/
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investment.pdf
 APPENDICES

QUESTIONNAIRE

1) Where have you been investing

 Bank Deposit
 Shares
 Mutual Funds
 Bonds
 Insurance
 Gold / Real Estate
 Debentures
 Post office saving

2) What percentage of your earnings do you invest

 Up to 25%
 25 – 50%
 50% - 75%
 More than 75%

3) What is the main purpose of your investment.

 Wealth creation
  Tax saving
 Earn returns
 Future needs

4) How much do you generally save.

 1 – 5000
 5000 – 10000
 10000 – 15000
 15000 and above

5) Which growth rates do you want for your investment.

 At an average rate
 At fast rate
 Other

6) What are the issues you face while investing.

 Inconvenient technology
 Payment issues
 Problems in linking bank A/c
 No problem

7) Which sector do you like to invest in.

 Public sector companies
 Private sector companies
 Foreign sector companies

8) What factors do you consider while choosing an investment option.

 Returns
 Risk
 Stability
 Tax benefits

9) What time frame do you have in mind for investing money.

 Up to 1 month
 Up to 3 month
 Up to 6 month
 Up to 1 Year
 More than a year

10) What kind of risk – return pattern do you seek.

  High risk – High return
 Low risk – Low return
 Don’t know, never really thought about it

11) Who advises you when choosing investment.

 I study and collect information
 Broker
 Friends
 Family
 Other