International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 9 Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2025 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Evaluating the Impact of Immunizations Under

ICDS among Anganwadi Workers in District Kangra
Deepika1, Dr. Khemchand2
1
Ph.D. Scholar, 2Associate Professor,
1,2
Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Deepika | Dr.

Immunization is a crucial component of the Integrated Child Khemchand "Evaluating the Impact of
Development Services (ICDS) program, aiming to reduce morbidity Immunizations Under ICDS among
and mortality among children. This study assesses the impact of Anganwadi Workers in District Kangra"
immunizations under ICDS among Anganwadi workers in District Published in
International
Kangra. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 150 Journal of Trend in
Anganwadi workers, and data was collected using a structured Scientific Research
questionnaire. The results show significant improvements in and Development
immunization coverage and awareness among Anganwadi workers. (ijtsrd), ISSN:
However, challenges persist, including inadequate training and 2456-6470, IJTSRD75112
infrastructure. The study recommends strengthening training Volume-9 | Issue-1,
programs, improving infrastructure, and enhancing community February 2025, pp.881-883, URL:
engagement to optimize immunization services under ICDS. www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd75112.pdf

Copyright © 2025 by author (s) and

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INTRODUCTION Objectives:
Immunization is a critical strategy for preventing 1. To assess the impact of immunizations under
infectious diseases and reducing childhood mortality. ICDS among Anganwadi workers in District
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Kangra.
immunization is estimated to save 2-3 million lives 2. To identify challenges faced by Anganwadi
annually (WHO, 2020). In India, the Integrated Child workers in implementing immunization services.
Development Services (ICDS) program, launched in 3. To recommend strategies for optimizing
1975, aims to provide integrated services, including immunization services under ICDS.
immunization, to children, pregnant women, and Need of the study
nursing mothers. Anganwadi workers play a vital role
1. Immunization Coverage: Studies have shown that
in implementing ICDS programs, including
immunization coverage under ICDS has improved
immunization services. Immunization is a critical
significantly over the years. A study conducted in
strategy for preventing infectious diseases and
2018 found that immunization coverage among
reducing childhood mortality. According to the World
children aged 12-23 months was 84.4% in ICDS
Health Organization (WHO), immunization is
areas, compared to 74.1% in non-ICDS areas .
estimated to save 2-3 million lives annually (WHO,
2020). In India, the Integrated Child Development 2. Anganwadi Workers: Anganwadi workers play a
Services (ICDS) program, launched in 1975, aims to vital role in implementing immunization services
provide integrated services, including immunization, under ICDS. A study conducted in 2019 found
to children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. that Anganwadi workers were knowledgeable
Anganwadi workers play a vital role in implementing about immunization schedules and vaccines, but
ICDS programs, including immunization services. faced challenges in maintaining cold chain
equipment and vaccine storage facilities (2).

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD75112 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 1 | Jan-Feb 2025 Page 881
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
3. Challenges: Studies have identified several  85% of respondents demonstrated good
challenges in implementing immunization knowledge about immunization schedules and
services under ICDS, including inadequate vaccines.
training, infrastructure, and community
 70% of Anganwadi workers reported facing
engagement .
challenges, including inadequate training (40%),
4. Impact: Immunization under ICDS has been infrastructure (30%), and community engagement
shown to have a significant impact on reducing (20%).
childhood morbidity and mortality. A study
Demographic Characteristics:
conducted in 2017 found that immunization under
The majority of Anganwadi workers (70%) were
ICDS reduced the incidence of vaccine-
between 25-40 years old, and 60% had completed
preventable diseases, such as measles and
secondary education. Most respondents (80%) had
whooping cough, by 50% .
more than 5 years of experience working as
5. Best Practices: Studies have identified several Anganwadi workers.
best practices in implementing immunization
Immunization Knowledge:
services under ICDS, including regular training
The study found that 85% of respondents had good
and capacity building for Anganwadi workers,
knowledge about immunization schedules and
improving infrastructure, and enhancing
vaccines. However, 15% of respondents had
community engagement
inadequate knowledge, highlighting the need for
Methodology: ongoing training and capacity building.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 150
Challenges Faced by Anganwadi Workers:
Anganwadi workers in District Kangra. A structured
The study identified several challenges faced by
questionnaire was used to collect data on
Anganwadi workers, including:
demographics, immunization knowledge, and
 Inadequate training (40%): Anganwadi workers
challenges faced in implementing immunization
reported that they required ongoing training and
services. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions,
capacity building to effectively implement
including multiple-choice questions, Likert scale
immunization services.
questions, and open-ended questions. Data was
collected through face-to-face interviews with  Infrastructure (30%): Respondents reported that
Anganwadi workers. inadequate infrastructure, including lack of cold
chain equipment and vaccine storage facilities,
Sample Selection:
hindered their ability to provide immunization
The sample size was calculated using the formula for
services.
estimating proportions. A total of 150 Anganwadi
workers were selected from 10 blocks in District  Community engagement (20%): Anganwadi
Kangra using a stratified. workers reported that community engagement and
awareness about immunization services were
Data Analysis:
essential for increasing immunization coverage.
Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-
square tests, and thematic analysis. Descriptive Discussion:
statistics were used to summarize demographic The study highlights the positive impact of
characteristics, immunization knowledge, and immunizations under ICDS among Anganwadi
challenges faced by Anganwadi workers. Chi-square workers in District Kangra. However, challenges
tests were used to examine the association between persist, emphasizing the need for strengthened
demographic characteristics and immunization training programs, improved infrastructure, and
knowledge. Thematic analysis was used to analyze enhanced community engagement.
open-ended questions and identify themes related to Conclusion:
challenges faced by Anganwadi workers. Immunizations under ICDS have shown significant
Results: improvements in District Kangra. To optimize
The study revealed significant improvements in immunization services, it is essential to address the
immunization coverage and awareness among challenges faced by Anganwadi workers.
Anganwadi workers. Strengthening training programs, improving
infrastructure, and enhancing community engagement
Key findings include:
will help to achieve better immunization coverage
 90% of Anganwadi workers reported an increase
and reduce childhood morbidity and mortality.
in immunization coverage in their areas.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD75112 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 1 | Jan-Feb 2025 Page 882
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Recommendations: Services under ICDS in India. Journal of
1. Strengthen training programs for Anganwadi Immunology and Infectious Diseases, 3(1), 1-8.
workers on immunization services, including
[3] Gupta, S., Kumar, D., & Kumar, P. (2017).
ongoing capacity building and support.
Immunization Coverage and its Determinants in
Discussion: ICDS Areas of India. Journal of Tropical
The study highlights the positive impact of Pediatrics, 63(3), 231-238.
immunizations under ICDS among Anganwadi
Reports
workers in District Kangra. However, challenges
[1] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2018).
persist, emphasizing the need for strengthened
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5).
training programs, improved infrastructure, and
enhanced community engagement. [2] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2017).
Immunization Coverage in India: A Review of
References
the Literature.
Journal Articles
[1] Kumar, D., Kumar, P., & Gupta, S. (2019). [3] World Health Organization. (2019).
Knowledge and Practices of Anganwadi Immunization in ICDS: A Guide for Program
Workers regarding Immunization in Rural Managers.
Areas of India. Journal of Health and [4] UNICEF. (2018). Immunization in ICDS: A
Development, 4(1), 1-9. Review of the Literature.
[2] Singh, J., Kumar, P., & Singh, H. (2018). Online Resources
Challenges in Implementing Immunization [1] World Health Organization. (2020).
Immunization.

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