DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF IRREGULAR MULTI-STORIED

BUILDINGS USING STAAD PRO

Abhishek Verma
Post Graduate Student,
Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University,
Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India
Er. Gagandeep Singh
Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University,
Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India
Abstract: - The topic “Dynamic analysis of irregular multi- storied buildings using Staad pro” gives us
a vast idea about the field of Design and structural stability of irregular building. As with modernization
and high living status most of the people use to move into urban societies, therefore the demand for
multi-story buildings increases day to day. Also due to increased construction cost and less availability
of land at Porcha areas people opt for apartments. Today, most the population try to move and reallocate
into multi storied building with terraces and balconies heading towards cityscape. Also, designing the
high rise multi storied for wind and earthquake load help us to understand a better idea as per codes and
requirements of a perfect structure regardless of the ground considerations. Also, we consider detailing
as per considerations in an earthquake prone area.
Initially, we tend to start with a clear 2-dimensional frame and then check manually the accuracy and
precision of Staad pro software system with the pre planned results. Therefore, accordingly we design
the multi storied building under the regulation of Indian Standard Codes and analyse the structure and
reinforcement details for multi-story residential building reinforced frame structure. The minimum
requirements that need to be fulfilled by building codes the structural stability of structure has to be
compromised for dead load, wind load, imposed loads and earthquake loads.
To know about structural stability, it is to be known the causes of occurrence of cracks and the properties
of the materials being used, specifications of mortar, concrete to be reallocated. Also, the design criteria,
structural considerations, design and construction technique, planning and execution is to be figured
out.
Keywords: Steel; RCC; Structures; STAAD Pro; Design; Economy; Dynamic Analysis, Wind load,
Irregular Multi- storied building, etc.
1. INTRODUCTION
Amardeep more (2016): From the cited research being published it is found the the torsional forces
induced in different models is altered by the design symmetry of buildings but in asymmetrical building
the values obtained are of much higher altitudes. Therefore, the building is unsafe, so in order to make
it safe the components of the buildings are to be redesigned to obtain better results. Also, earthquake
load is resisted by base shear of a building. The above conclusion of this research is contributed by
equivalent static analysis and response spectrum of buildings. The base shear of same building in
equivalent static analysis is of very much lower values than the results being obtained by response
spectrum method. This deflection can vary within the range of 60 to 70%
Anirudh Gottala, et al (2015): Analysis of a building now a days being an easier and time maintaining
routine as the availability of computer-based software are affordable as well as reliable. Whereas
dynamic analysis is a completely different routine. It is time consuming and need very much more
knowledge as it require data of masses, structural configurations and need attire explanation. India is
much more known for its RCC based construction so dynamic analysis plays an important role finding
out the life of structure and its stability to resist loads. One way analysis can be done by static method
and dynamic analysis can be performed by using Staad Pro according to IS 1893-2002 part1. Thereafter
a comprehensive evaluation between displacement, modal analysis compromised for beams, columns
and total building is analysed.
Anil K. Chopra (2003): Study deals with the requirements of multi-story irregular and regular
distinguished on the basis of linear and nonlinear response spectrum. Different type of design
configurations is considered while studied before analysis that are stiffness, strength and combined
effect of both. Vertical stiffness is calculated by nodal values. Whereas story drift is calculated by modal
pushover analysis as well as nonlinear analysis. On the basis of modal pushover analysis frame is
detected as soft, weak or intermediate structure. In unkindness of larger story drift structure is worked
into small components and hence a detailed step by step indices are calculated and compiled in a single
spreadsheet which is easy to read and understand.
Bahador Bagheri (2012): Time history analysis plays an important role in understanding the realistic
as well as conformational designing of multi-story buildings and is computed by recorded data of
ground oscillations. Static analysis at its own only isn’t sufficient to provide sufficient details for multi
storey buildings so we do dynamic analysis. Also, from historical recommendations we get a clear idea
for different metrological conditions for that area. It is being concluded that the drift at centre is
minimum at centre while it reaches to maximum at it heads towards peak. And in end he suggested that
static method is uneconomical just because of maximum displacement in dynamic analysis.
Chandrashekhar B Adin et al (2016): Structural system is key order of bracing. The work done by
the author reveal the idea for lateral load structural system and mainly using this is so useful as not even
a single time some work ever done over this so far. Also, the use of steel in our country is mainly heavy
loading diaphragm which is due to bigger components therefore the requirement of bracing system is
must to use to strengthen the structure. He uses Sap 2000 and Staad pro to perform a dimensional braced
steel analysis and to obtain the results for linear as well as non linear deformations. As the result of
research maximum efficiency of bracing is obtained at centre i.e., eccentricity is minimum or next to
zero.
Chavan, Jadhav (2014) As most of the buildings in India are RCC buildings so we need to have keen
importance to make the structure suitable and competent to uphold the design loads. The stiffness and
strength are to be deduced once and hence it would be ideal choice to increase load resisting of
structurally stable system. All the established work done is under the justifications being processed
under 1893:2002 using Staad pro. Eccentric bracings a structural eccentric bracing helps in reducing
the horizontal and lateral force. Vertical as well as slender components of stable structure are
compromised by earthquake loads. Steel bracings are also used as retrofitting assets of a buildings.
Dileshwar Rana (2015): Structural behaviour of multi-story building depends upon irregularity of
building and nodal interference and directives of plane orientation. Plan and irregularity are to be
defined in multiple models and analysed under different load conformations. Analysis is computed
using the software Staad pro and ETABS and computed the result as values obtained by Staad pro are
much more accurate and precise when compared with other software.
Gairola A. et al. (2006): A geometric model of ratio 1:200 to 1:150 is used to perform and analyse for
wind load. The analysis is done according to boundary layer in wind tunnel test. Different types of
structures are used to attain justified requirements and hence the best suited codal specifications for
60m tall war memorial in Jammu is designed as per wind tunnel model testing.
Mohit Sharma (2014): During the study of this paper a collective and summarised data of irregular
high rise building indexes of 25m x 45m subjected to story height of 3.6m and total height of 114m.
the analysis is then made in-between static and dynamic analysis on the behaviour of frequency
therefore, the response factor is collected. It is to be calculated for minor earthquakes as well as of
major impact which contains collective analysis of displacements, modes, story drift and risk factors.
RCC frames are to be designed for axial forces, torsion forces and moment at separate sections of
module. All the analysis is primarily based on IS 1893 part 1 of 2000 mentioned against clause 7.8.1.
Mr. S. Mahesh et al (2014): A well-known augmented stable multi story building is such the
configuration is meant for earthquake load bearing and to resist exploitation against wind
loads. If the building is having regular geometry is subjected to lower angular deflection and uniform
stiffness therefore it going to deal a less damage irrespective of forces. Different types of soils are
examined under IS classifications and then assessed by taking in account of exhausting frames. Story
drift when calculated for irregular building is found to be more than regular building.
M V Naresh, K J Brahma Chari (2019): Various Response spectroscopic analysis and static analysis
the bottom shear price is considerably enlarged at complex landings. A past analysis and economical
charts being analysed using history of that geographical section is taken into account. Then accordingly
different story drifts being calculated for different levels. It then then known as the height increases the
story drift also increases therefore ground floor possesses the maximum story drift and under seismic
forces bilaterally moves in its planner configurations.
Viswanath K.G (2010) he found from his investigation that the unstable and fluent presentation from
ferro concrete building victimization coaxal steel used. Analysed of multi-story building in unstable
zone IV victimization Staad Pro system as per IS 1893 of 2002 part 1. Steel bracing reduce lateral
displacement and induces the stiffness of system. To make the frame stable it should be in regular
geometry such that the eccentricity is minimum and load is equally divided into equal shares. Base
shear is equally proportioned into inner and outer side of building.
1.1 Objectives
Major objectives of thesis are to perform Dynamic analysis along with the considerations of Seismic
behaviour of multi storied building lying in earthquake zone (V). Therefore, the evaluation of wind
forces, overturning moment, deflection and other design criteria of a structurally stable multi storey
building is to be designed. Also, the behaviour of different structural elements under wind and seismic
loads is to be observed.
1.2 Importance of wind loads
Wind generally has two effects on irregular multi storied buildings:
• Force and moment on building
• Wind Pressure all around the building.
Irregularities in Plan and elevation as per Indian Standard code i.e. (IS 1893): would possibly classify
into two types that are horizontal and vertical. These irregularities characterized into five different
classes that may be torsion, restrained corners, diaphragm alteration, offset placement and nonlinear
arrangement, similarly vertical irregularities are stiffness, geometry, plane allocations and mass. That
help in resist horizontal forces and bond connections especially in weak storey as per Indian standard
code (IS 1893 (part I) of 2002).
• Re-entrant corner irregularity is specified in code prepare the estimate of strain system contain re-
entrant corners, wherever every projection of the structured document is an example.
1.3 Codal criteria for buildings examined for Dynamic effects of Winds [BIS 1987]
Slenderness of column should be investigated with keen directives under the judication of Indian
standard codes so that it should compiled with specific regulations therefore provide satisfactory results
including wind oscillations across the directions of induced in the lateral directions. Generally, the
subsequent pointers are also used for estimating the issues of induced lateral oscillations:
a) Multi storied building with height and minimum horizontal dimension quantitative relation greater
than 5.0, and
b) Multi storied building with natural frequency in primary mode can be of smaller amount by a factor
of 1.0 Hz.
Any Multi Storied building that maybe of height higher than 2 ratios will be examined for dynamic
analysis for winds.

1.4 Effect of Earthquake on Multi- Storied Building

Earthquake is mend for its unknown surface motion, which can not be distinguish the direction of
motion from epicentre. Vertical motion of ground round off unique and overturning effect. Whereas
earthquake is usually attended with lateral forces due to ground accelerations. When the base of resisting
structure moves inducing mechanical phenomenon within the building just because of unknown
behaviour of stresses induced. Due to lateral forces changing from compression to tension and vice
versa, it causes yielding in the multi storied building and therefore cause large deformations. In the last
making the structure non commercially stable and unserviceable. There is often giant structural drift
within the structure rendering the building unsafe as per living requirements.
A good structure with well-designed configurations for earthquake specifically having qualities:
i. Attainable structural configuration: Size, shape and specific loading making it suitable for
resisting loading in the end making it stable and sustainable for immediate lateral forces of ground.
ii. Horizontal resistance: The side force due to oscillations of ground motion need to be opposed and
resisted by suitable strength so that cracks could not induced in the structure and in end it won’t
end in collapse of building.
iii. Suitable Stiffness: The lateral forces on formwork has been of such range that the seismic forces
cannot affect the structure in great extent so it won’t collapse under direct effect of shaking motion
of ground.
iv. Mobility: Structure should be having widespread blemishes under the severe ground oscillations
even beyond yielding. And it provided by having positive delta and proper construction
procedure.
1.5 Indian Seismic Codes:
Indian Seismic codes are the setup guidelines for the design criteria of a well-established nation. These
are designed under the considerations of ground study, seismological studies, previously recorded data
of earthquake hazards has been made in the recent past being used for idealization of development. The
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) design Indian Seismic Codes:
• IS 1893 (PART 1) 2002, Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquakes Resistant of Design Structures.
• IS 4326, 1993, Indian Standard Code of training for Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of
Buildings.
• IS 13827, 1993: Indian Standard Guidelines for improving Earthquake Resistant of Earthen structures.
• IS 13828, 1993: Indian Standard Guidelines for improving Earthquake Resistant of Low Strength
Masonry Buildings.
• IS 13920, 1993: Indian Standard Code for training for Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete
Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces.
1.6 Seismic Dampers
Seismic Damper is a device that helps in altering the directives of damage being done to the multi-story
building. These devices are meant to make a collective inspection of seismic performance and structural
collapse resistance of building. They control seismic damage that can be accomplished by using seismic
dampers during construction of building. These can be used in different types of members of a building
that maybe diagonally placed braces. They work just like shock absorbers in car as they provide
resistance to sudden transformation in oscillating energies with structural elements in a collapsed
structure by dumping the oscillating force. Dampers are being Inservice from late 1960s and since then
they provide adequate strength and resistance that can be introduced by wind forces. Whereas, for the
first time in 1990 they were used for seismic loads. There dampers are of three types they may be
classified into viscous dampers (they opt for fluidic action by the presence of silicone fluid in pistons
of cylinder) friction dampers (Rubbing takes place in between the systematic arrangements or different
plates of dampers) and yielding dampers (yielding is transposed into other components and so on other
so in the end emery dissipate by a much higher fraction) SEISMIC DAMPERS.

2 METHODOLOGY
2.1 Response Parameters
The wind-precipitated reaction of a tall building is relying on a number of factors. These factors
encompass the building`s geometric and dynamic characteristics, further to the turbulence of the
approach go with the flow. To get the detailed idea about wind-precipitated reply of elevated houses in
every along and for the duration of wind directions, a few analytical techniques are known. Under the
have an effect on of wind, structures are subjected to aerodynamic forces together with drag and lift.
The drag (along-wind) stress acts withinside the same direction due to the fact the endorse wind, at the
same time as the lift (for the duration of-wind) stress acts withinside the opposite direction. The Along-
wind motion at the entire consequences from stress fluctuations withinside the windward and the
leeward faces, which generally take a look at the fluctuations withinside the approach go with the
stream; minimum withinside the low-slung frequency range. The Across -wind gesture is added via
stress fluctuations due to dropping withinside the separated shear layers and wake go with the flow
field. Under the motion of wind go with the flow, form enjoy streamline forces which encompass the
drag stress and lift stress. Drag (along -wind) stress interim withinside the route of the endorse gust and
the lift (for the duration of-wind) stress acting perpendicular to that direction.
2.2 Method of analysis of seismic design
 1) Equivalent static force analysis:
In the identical inert stress assessment for a trembling is a high-quality perception this is applied
in earthquake resistant structure to be form. The idea is quite invadable as it adapts a dynamic
assessment proper interested in a partially static & dynamic assessment to get the detailed idea
about the maximum and minimum displacements that are induced inside of the rotary of
building. Equivalent method as suggested conforms about the hard and fast method of analysing
the stability of structure as per earthquake loads under the earth surface. The major draw side
of this method is that it uses only a single nodal vibration into the account.
2) Response spectrum method:
The concept widely known for multiple modes of trembling being used in a single instance.
The application of this method widely utilized in Indian building codes except complex
buildings. The sudden sheerness of building is de to mixture of several specific modes which
is probable in sheerness motion such as harmonics. Structural assessment mainly focused on
one of the modes of the forum. For every different signature mode, an induced mass spectrum
responses are studied for different consolidations thereafter they apply for the blended to induce
a detailed estimate for entire responses of spectrum.
2.3 Wind load on tall building
Analytical Method provides a detailed design strategy as per IS 875 part 3 of 1987which was first
introduced by A.G.Davenport. Analytical method is generally desirable for building with ordinary
figure and period also, almost grounded absolutely on the linear houses of the building and deprived of
uniting the consequences of the neighbouring houses. In the second half the estimation of wind load is
calculated as per Wind tunnel test which is done on a proportioned scale model of a building with
Balendra`s approach as per dynamic analysis and for the facing format the Surface Pressure
Measurement assessment with Pressure Measurement device being finished. Although, the
consequences of the neighbouring houses had been taken into account dually fact the Interfering
consequences on building in an identical method that is used for Remote construction model.
2.4 Software
In order to check the effect of earthquake on a form a laptop aided designing software program software
specially Staad pro v8i has been used. This software program software can be very fast in evaluation to
manual designing.
1. Input data: The Staad pro gives an input report that`s a text report and it's far composed all the
commands accomplished in a sequence. This text report consists instructions for assessment and format.
2. Modeling of form: The form is modeled thru giving coordinates, thru providing building height, floor
height, cloth constants, enables etc.
3. Materials: Materials desire turn out to be done thru the software program software itself.
4. Supports: All the enables furnished withinside the form is consistent
5. Loads
• Load Cases: Load is computed as per Indian Standards on the Staad pro software.
• Seismic load: All the loading is done with the accordance with IS – 1893.
• Wind load: Loading is done as consistent with IS 875 detailed.
• Dead load: Stationary loads that are of beams, columns, slab, truss etc that can not move with time all
collectively computed under the category of dead loads.
• Live load: The moving load in a building is collided under the category of live load.
• Design parameter: RCC as per IS: 456, Ductile detailing as per IS: Seismic design as per IS 1893 and
Wind load as per IS 875 part 3.
6. Analysis of form: Once the structure is designed on the software then it is collectively analysed on
combined parameters are seismic performance as per IS 1893 and wind resistance as per IS 875 part 3.

3.CONCLUSIONS
 • The building is designed as per Reinforced building in accordance to IS 1893: 2002 part 1 using
Staad pro. The analysis is completed for dynamic analysis. As compared to manual calculations
Staad pro is quite evident as Staad pro analyse the results in a way quicker.
• Base shear, lateral forces, joint load calculations, support reactions along with member forces
all computed in a single step in Staad pro software.
• With the help of Staad pro the efficiency of designing is increased in both aspects that is
designing and analysing. As the height of building the beam bending moment decreases.
• There is a slight difference between the values of displacement due to anticorporation of static
and dynamic analysis for smaller buildings, but the difference increases exponentially as
moving towards higher buildings.
• At alone static analysis isn’t enough so we need t perform dynamic analysis.

3 REFERENCES
• Amardeep more “Study of Torsion in Building with Horizontal and Vertical Irregularities”,
International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, vol.3, Issue 10, June-2016,
ISSN: 2347-4718.
• Anil K. Chopra [2003] “Dynamics of Structures, Theory and Applications to Earthquake
Engineering” (Prentice Hall of India Private Limited).
• Anirudh Gottala et al, Comparative study of Static and Dynamic Seismic Analysis of a
Multistoried Building, IJSTEV2I1059, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2015) PP 173-183.
• Bagheri, Bahador & Firoozabad, Ehsan. (2012). Comparative Study of the Static and Dynamic
Analysis of Multi-Storey Irregular Building. International Journal of Civil, Environmental,
Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering.
• Chandrashekhar B Adin et al Dynamic Analysis of Industrial Steel Structure by using Bracings and Dampers
Under Wind Load and Earthquake Load ISSN: 2278-0181; Vol. 5 Issue 07, July-2016
• Chavan Krishnaraj R., Jadhav H.S. (2014). “Seismic Response of RC Building with Different
Arrangement of Steel Bracing System.”, International Journal of engineering Research and
Applications (2248-9622).
• Dileshwar Rana “Seismic Analysis of Regular & Vertical Irregular RCC Framed Building”,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol.2, Issue 4, July-
2015, e- ISSN: 2395-0056, pISSN: 2395-0072.
• Gairola,A. et al (2006). “Estimation of Wind Forces on A Memorial Structure.”
3NCWE06_Kolkata, 139-151.
• Sharma Mohit “Dynamic Analysis of Multi-storeyed Regular Building” ISSN: 2278-1684, p-
ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 11, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan. 2014), PP 37-42
• Mr. S.Mahesh & Mr. Dr.B.Panduranga Rao (2014), Comparison of analysis and design of
regular and irregular configuration of multi-Story building in various seismic zones and various
types of soils using ETABS and STAAD, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering
(IOSR-JMCE), Volume 11, Issue 6 Ver. I (Nov- Dec. 2014), PP 45-52
• M V Naresh, K J Brahma Chari, Study on Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multistorey Building
in Seismic Zones. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
Volume- 7, Issue-6C2, April 2019
• Viswanath K.G et al Seismic Analysis of Steel Braced Reinforced Concrete Frames ISSN 0976-
4399, Vol 1, Issue 1, PP 114-122.