Chp- 4 Kinds of Material

1. What is matter?
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass along with it. Objects around us are made
from a different variety of materials that we see in our day-to-day life.
2. Material is a substance that is used for making things. A material could be used to make a
large number of different objects. An object could be either made of a single type of material or
of many different types of materials.
3. General Properties of Material
i. Appearance: Material could be shiny ( lustre or lustre) or could be rough (non-
lustrous). All metals are lustrous, some are more while the others are less whereas wood,
rubber etc. are non-lustrous.
ii. Hardness: The material could be hard and soft. For example Rocks, iron etc. are hard.
Hard materials may be :
a. Brittle: Those materials which break into smaller pieces or are powdered when
hammered. For example, rock, glass, salt.
b. Malleable: Materials that can be spread into thin sheets when beaten. For
example, metals are malleable.
c. Ductile: Materials that can be drawn into thin and long wires. For example,
metals are ductile as well. Materials like wood, rubber, and fibres are soft.
iii. Thorough Visibility:-
a. Transparent: Objects through which light may pass. For example, glass,
plastic, sugar, and salt solution in water.
b. Translucent: Objects through which light may pass partially. For example, milky
glass, milk.
c. Opaque: Objects through which light does not pass. For example wood, metals,
rock, and walls.
iv. Good and Bad Conductor of Electricity:
a. Material that allows electric current to pass through them easily is the good
conductor of electricity. For example, metals are known as good conductors of
electricity.
b. Materials like wood, plastic, rubber, cork, and certain materials are bad
conductors of electricity as the electric current does not pass through them.
v. Good and Bad Conductor of Heat:
All metals are good conductors of heat whereas wood is the bad conductor of heat.
 vi. Combustible Substances: Those materials which catch fire on heating easily are
combustible substances. For example, wood, plastic, fibre, and paper are combustible
substances.
vii. Ability to Float/Sink in Water:
Those materials that sink in water are denser than the water whereas the material which
floats on water is less dense than water.
viii. Based on Solubilities:
Those substances which get completely soluble in water like salt and sugar which
disappear in water are said to be soluble. The substances that do not disappear in water
and remain as it is are said to be insoluble in water.
ix. Miscible and Immiscible Liquid:
a. When two liquids are mixed and it does not mix well, then it is said to be immiscible.
b. Whereas the liquids which mix well with water are said to be miscible.
4. Grouping of Materials
i. Objects made up of wood
ii. Objects made up of fibre
iii. Objects made up of metal
iv. Objects made up of ceramic
v. Objects made up of glass
vi. Objects made up of plastic
vii. Objects made up of rubber
viii. Some things are liquids, e.g., oil
5. Classification of material is done into groups together on the basis of similarities and
differences in their properties. This is done for convenience and to study their properties easily.
6. What are the advantages of classification?
\The several advantages of the classification of material are given below:
a. It helps in the identification of objects.
b. It helps in the sorting of the objects.
c. It also helps in locating things when unable to find them.
d. It makes the study of different objects easy and meaningful instead of studying each material
separately from each other which becomes hard.
e. It helps to understand similarities and dissimilarities between the objects around us.
A. Tick (✓) the odd one out giving a reason
1. Copper, Aluminium, Silver, Wood, Gold.
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2. Salt, Sand, Sugar, Glucose, Lactose.

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3. Glass, Plastic scale, Cardboard, Acrylic sheet, Soap bubble.

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4. Shower Stall, Smoked glass, Metal sheet, Sunglasses, Waxed paper.

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5. Tube light, The Moon, The Sun, Burning candles, Firefly.

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B. Multiple Choice Questions

Tick the incorrect statement from the following:

(a) Gold and silver show metallic luster.
(b) Solids have a definite shape.
(c) Liquids have a definite shape and volume.
(d) Gases do not have a definite shape and volume.

2. Which of the following cannot be compressed?

(a) Cotton
(b) Sponge
(c) Stone
(d) Silk Cloth

3. Which is an incorrect statement related to the solubility of gases?

(a) Gases always form a completely miscible solution with water.
(b) Gases like nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, and methane are soluble in water.
(c) Carbon dioxide dissolved in water is used by water plants for photosynthesis.
(d) Oxygen dissolves in water which is suitable for supporting aquatic life.

4. Which of the following is transparent?

(a) Wooden screen
(b) A ceramic plate
(c) A metal sheet
(d) Soap bubble

5. The metal which is liquid at room temperature:

(a) aluminium
(b) copper
(c) Mercury
(d) nickel
6. Which option is the most common material combination used for making safety pins?
(a) Glass and wood
(b) Plastic and glass
(c) Leather and wood
(d) Steel and plastic

C. Assertion-Reason (Critical Thinking)

Two statements are given for questions 1 to 5: Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Select the correct
answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c), and (d) as given below:
(a) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are correct statements and reason is the correct
explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are correct statements and reason is not the correct
explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion (A) is a correct statement but the Reason (R) is a wrong statement.
(d) Assertion (A) is a wrong statement but the Reason (R) is a correct statement.

1. Assertion (A): Paper, wood, rubber, and jute are lustrous materials.
Reason (R): Lustrous materials have shiny surfaces.

2. Assertion (A): Sponge is considered to be harder than iron.

Reason (R): Iron cannot be compressed nor can it be scratched while a sponge can be.

3. Assertion (A): Water is a universal solvent.

Reason (R): Water tends to dissolve many salts and other substances.

4. Assertion (A): Metals are insulators of electricity.

Reason (R): Metals tend to conduct electricity.

5. Assertion (A): Gases always form completely miscible solutions with water.
Reason (R): Oxygen gas dissolves in water and is important for the survival of animals and
plants that live in water.

D. Very Short Answer Questions

1. Name three materials which can be made from:

(a) Rubber
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(b) Plastic
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(c) Wood
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(d) Wool
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(e) Steel
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2. Write down one scientific term for the following:

(a) Materials that do not dissolve in water.
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(b) The materials through which we cannot see objects clearly at all.
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(c) Materials which partially allow light to pass through them.
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(d) Materials that allow light to pass through them.
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(e) Objects that emit light on their own.
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3. Rearrange the following letters to form meaningful words:

(a) LETAM: ________________________________________________
(b) SSLAG: ________________________________________________
(c) TWARE: ________________________________________________
(d) COHOLAL: ________________________________________________
(e) NESEROKE: ________________________________________________

4. Give two examples of liquids that are transparent.

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5. Why does wood float over the surface of water?

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6. Name two gases that are soluble in water.

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7. Why do shopkeepers keep all the eatables in a transparent container?

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8. Who has a mixture where the two substances have completely mixed?
Meenal has red chili powder in the water, Smriti has butter in the water, Sofia has petrol in the
water, and Raveena has honey in the water.
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9. What will happen to a small cotton ball when it is placed in a tumbler of water? Will it:
(a) Float on the surface of the water
(b) Sink to the bottom of the tumbler
Observe the cotton ball for at least 10 minutes and explain your observations.
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10.How is it possible to make the surfaces of some materials shiny?

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11. Name two gases that are insoluble in water.
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12. On a white transparent paper, a drop of liquid falls on it making it translucent. Can you name
the liquid that made the paper translucent?
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13. Select lustrous objects from the following:

Glass bowl, Plastic toy, Steel spoon, Cotton shirt.
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14. Write down two examples of objects that sink in water.

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E. Short Answer Questions

1.Match the objects given below with the materials from which they could be made. Remember,
an object could be made from more than one material and a given material could be used for
making many objects.
Objects Materials
(a) Book (i) Glass
(b) Tumbler (ii) Wood
(c) Chair (iii) Paper
(d) Toy (iv) Leather
(e) Shoes (v) Plastic

2. Below are the names of some objects and materials:

Water, Basketball, Orange, Sugar, Globe, Apple, Ball, and Earthen pitcher
Group them as:
(a) Round-shaped and other shapes
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(b) Eatables and non-eatables

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3. When your palm covers the torchlight. The light passes through the palm but not clearly.
What do you conclude from the above statement?
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4. (a) Which of them are insoluble in water?

Sand, Sugar, Chalk, Milk, Salt, Glass.
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(b) Which is the property of silver and gold used in making jewelry?
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(c) Name any two non-lustrous materials.
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(d) Give two examples of hard materials.
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(e) Give two examples of soft materials.
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5. Using the given materials – turmeric, salt, mustard oil, water, sugar, rice flour, coconut oil.
Identify:
(a) Two soluble pairs: Where one substance dissolves in the other.
(b) Two insoluble pairs: Where one substance does not dissolve in the other.
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6. Why do you think oxygen dissolved in water is important for the survival of aquatic animals
and plants?
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7. Which is the property you will use to sort out the following:
(a) Books in the library
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(b) Clothes in the wardrobe
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(c) Utensils in the kitchen
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8. Write down one experiment to show that water is transparent.

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Question 9.
Why did the silver earrings appear dull while the gold earrings appear lustrous, even though
both were made of metals?
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Question 10.
Why is iron considered to be harder than sponge?
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F. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) (Critical Thinking)

1. Why do some oils float and sink in water? Explain.

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2. Why is it more difficult to drink hot tea in a steel cup than in a glass cup?
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3. Why is it not advised to touch electrical switches with wet hands?

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4. Why are the handles of the pressure cookers made of wood plastic or any other insulating
material?
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5. Why are biscuits in a bakery kept in transparent glass jars?

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6. Why does ice float in water?

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7. On a rainy day, Aneesh was standing near the window of his classroom and trying to see the
playground through the window glass. As the windows were closed, he was seeing droplets of
rain through the window glass. Then he tried to look outside through the paper but he could not
see clearly.
(a) Why was he unable to see droplets of rain through the paper?
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(b) Give some other examples of objects through which you can not see clearly.
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(c) What are such substances called through which objects can be seen partially?
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G. Competency/Case-Based Questions (CBQs)

The following questions are case-based. Read the case carefully and answer the questions that
follow.
Classifying materials based on their appearance, texture, solubility, hardness, and softness is
essential. Appearance and texture can reveal information about a material’s composition and
structure. Solubility in water or other solvents indicates a material’s chemical properties and
potential reactivity. Hardness and softness determine a material’s durability, strength, and
resistance to wear and tear. By categorizing materials in this way, we can identify their
suitability for various applications, such as construction, manufacturing, or everyday use. This
classification is also for understanding the characteristics of materials which is crucial for
innovation, problem-solving, and informed decision-making in various fields, from engineering to
art.

1. What are the advantages of classification?

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2. Name two substances that are poor conductors of electricity.

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3. Is pure water a good conductor of electricity?

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