READING PART 1: UNIT 3
Skills
Identifying key information and data in a text
a To identify the main topic and sub-topics in a reading passage, scan it for
words that are repeated frequently. Also look for synonyms (words with the
same meaning) or related words.
b To find key data, scan the text again for numbers and symbols that give
factual and statistical information related to the topic and sub-topics.
c Read the words on either side of the key words carefully to identify trends,
negatives or comparisons
Ex. 1.
The words in the following list can be associated with water and sanitation.
How many alternatives, related to the same topic, can you think of for each
word? What are the opposites for each of these alternatives?
(Các từ trong danh sách sau đây có thể liên quan đến nước và vệ sinh.
Bạn có thể nghĩ ra bao nhiêu từ thay thế (cùng chủ đề) cho mỗi từ? Đối lập (từ trái nghĩa)
của mỗi từ thay thế đó là gì?)
a clean b scarcity c consumption d disease
Ex. 2.
Scan the following passage and underline the main topic and two sub-topics (Đọc lướt đoạn
văn sau và gạch chân chủ đề chính cùng hai chủ đề phụ.)
For the inhabitants of nations where water is abundant and the
processes for making it safe for human consumption well established,
clean water may not seem an urgent issue. But in countries where water
and the funds for converting it into drinking water are scarce, water
quality is a matter of life and death. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), over a billion people live in parts of the world
where there is simply not enough water. This forces them to drink water
from unhygienic sources and risk contracting water-borne diseases.
Ex. 3.
Find facts and statistics in the passage below about water and sanitation.
Complete the table with numbers and words from the text. (Tìm các dữ kiện và số liệu thống
kê trong đoạn văn dưới đây về nước và vệ sinh. Hoàn thành bảng bằng các con số và từ ngữ
trích từ văn bản.)
1 ………………… domestic water adequate
Water supply sanitation
world population 83% 2 ……………..%
developing countries 3 …………………%
South Asia/ sub-
4 …………………%
Saharan Africa
Over the last 10 years there have been positive developments in the supply of safe water
throughout the world. For example, World Health Organization figures show that 83% of
the world's population has access to water from sources that have been treated to make
it suitable for drinking. Statistics also indicate that over 50% of the population has water
piped directly to their home. On the other hand, some 2.6 billion people, half the population of
the developing nations, do not have access to drainage or sanitation. Figures for South Asia
and sub-Saharan Africa show that only around 30% of the population benefits from an
acceptable level of sanitation.
Ex. 4.
Read the passage below and label the graph with no more than TWO WORDS from the text
for each question. (Đọc đoạn văn dưới đây và gắn nhãn cho biểu đồ, sử dụng không quá
HAI TỪ lấy từ văn bản cho mỗi câu hỏi.)
In the 20 years between 1990 and 2010, there was a clear improvement
worldwide in the provision of safe water for consumption. By 2010 the
percentage of homes with a piped supply of water had risen to 54%, and the
availability of treated water had increased by 4% since 1990 to 35% of the
world's population in 2010. At the same time, the proportion of the world's
population still using surface water for drinking reached an unprecedented
low of 3%, whilst the percentage of the population using untreated water
for drinking fell to 8%.
1 …………….. 2…………….. 3……………… 4……………….
Trend in the proportion of the global population using piped drinking water on
premises, other improved drinking water sources, unimproved sources and surface
water, 1990-2010. (UNICEF JMP report 2012)
Exam skills
Diagram label completion
In this type of exam question you will have to label a diagram with words from a reading
passage. The question will tell you exactly how many words you should use. Be careful not to
use more words than the question requires, as you will lose marks. The answers to the
questions may not be in the same order as the information in the text.
Skills
When you are asked to label a diagram from a text:
• look at the diagram and try to predict the kind of vocabulary you will need to complete
the labels.
• scan the text for key words or numbers.
• match these with the diagram.
Ex. 5.
Look at the diagram and answer questions a and b. (Nhìn vào sơ đồ và trả lời các câu hỏi
a và b.)
a What does the diagram show?
b Which three key words would you expect to find in the description of this mechanism?
Ex. 6.
Complete the labels on the diagram with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each
blank space from the following reading passage. (Hoàn thành các nhãn trên sơ đồ với
KHÔNG QUÁ BA TỪ cho mỗi ô trống, lấy từ đoạn văn dưới đây.)
A water pump must be sustainable, which means it must be able to be fixed
locally, cheaply and quickly. A rope pump is a simple technology that can be
constructed from recycled parts like bicycle wheels, scrap metal and plastic.
A long continuous loop of rope, with washers at regularly spaced intervals,
runs around a wheel at the top of a well and around a smaller roller encased
below the waterline. The rope runs through a PVC pipe and, as the wheel is
turned, water is drawn up the pipe by suction.
Skills
To identify the relative positions of different parts of a piece of machinery or equipment
from a description, scan the text for prepositions.
Ex. 7.
Scan the reading passage again for prepositions and answer questions a-f. (Đọc lướt lại
đoạn văn, xác định các giới từ rồi trả lời các câu hỏi a–f.)
a Where are the washers?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b Where is the large wheel?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c Where is the small wheel?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d Where does the rope pass around the wheel?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
e Where does the rope pass around the roller?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
f In what direction does the water move?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
