STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN REPORT

OF
THREE STORIED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Metro-Politancity-Biratnagar
Structural Analysis & Design by
Er. Moaaz Hasan
(NEC Regd No:18677”A” Civil)

Bhadra 2081

Owner
Mrs. Rani Afreen

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SN. Title
Background With Suggestions Based on Lesson
1 Learnt from Recent EQs In Nepal 12th Baishakh 2072

2 Salient features of Building

3 Method of Analysis & Design

4 Loading Details/Types of Loads

5 Loading on Structural Model

6 Assumptions

7 Load Combinations

8 Determination of Seismic Load as per NBC

9 Summary of Final Design Outputs

10 Analysis Outputs

11 References

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1. BACKGROUND

Earthquakes are defined as earth’s surface vibrations caused by waves originating from a source
of disturbance in the earth mass. Earthquake is caused by volcanic eruption, slipping of faults i.e.
tectonic activities, big reservoirs, explosion etc.
In case of Nepal, slipping of faults i.e. tectonic activities cause earthquake because there are
number of active faults and thrusts in Nepal. Nepal’s geology is very young and hazardous. Also
it lies in the boundary of two seismically very active tectonic plates of the world i.e. Indian plate
and Tibetan Plate. It is also said that the Indian plate is moving toward the Tibetan Plate, which
cause the slippage of the faults causing the big earthquake. Thus Nepal is very vulnerable with
respect to seismic activities.
Though the time of shaking of earth mass is very small in fraction of seconds, it causes very
severe damages of properties as well as the lives. Nepal has so many experiences about such
destructive earthquakes. Out of them 1990 B.S and 2045 B.S& THE RECENT EQs in 12 th
BAISHAKH 2072 are the Mostly known ones.
Thus the seismic structural design of structures id found to be very essential for countries like
Nepal. The structures need to be designed and detailed so as to counteract, the internal forces
induced due to the earth mass shaking in base of these structures. The design should ensure the
structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic safety.
However, it would not be economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure that they
remain elastic and damage-free because the occurrence of maximum earthquakes is low say one
75 years. Thus it is reliable to design the ductile structure and not to design damage free structure
but not-collapsible structure for minimum destruction in lives and properties. The design should
ensure the structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic
safety. In brief,the aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures
being designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree
of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and
have adequate durability and adequate resistance to the effects of misuse and fire. Structural
Analysis of the concerned building has been done in details with analysis and Designs

Thus the seismic design of the building is done and the brief has been prepared.

This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of building of (THREE STOREY
Residential BUILDING)
“RANI AFREEN” at Metropolitan city-Biratnagar-06
The KITTA NO is .It has planned to utilize the building as a Residential aspect. The analysis and
design has been based on the prevailing codes that are in practice in Nepal, the National Building
code of Nepal (105:1994) and the IS code at places if required. This report consists of the design
procedures adopted, the assumptions made, the inputs made in the design and the design output.

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As per NBC 105: 1994, the seismic zoning of Nepal is as shown in the following Figure 2. Z is
the seismic zoning factor that divides the country into fives zones for the purpose of seismic
design of buildings with the values ranging from 0.8 to 1.1. The assessed buildings are located in
the seismic zoning factor, Z of 1.0 (since western Region).Hence the building is designed with
great consideration towards earthquake resistant practices.
Figure 2: Seismic Zoning Factor

SUGGESTIONS:
Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Nepal, for the first time, have been subjected to a strong
ground motion shaking during BARPAK Earthquake (7.6 Magnitude, Local scale) in
12thBAISHAKH 2072 at 11.56 AM, resulting in a considerable damages of RC Buildings in
Capital city Kathmandu. It has been observed the principle reasons of failure are due to
SOFT STOREYS, FLOATIONF COLUMNS, MASS IRREGULARITIES, POOR
QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTIONS MATERIALS & FAULTY CONSTRUCTIONS
PRACTICES, INCONSISENT EQ RESPONSE, SOIL & FOUNDATION EFFECT &
POUNDING OF ADJACENT STRUCTURES.
The Lesson learnt from Damages of RCC Buildings during Recent EQs occurred in 12 th
BAISHAKH 2072, that There should be greater emphasis on the quality of constructions &
importance of Ductile Detailing of BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS & AT OTHER CRITICAL
LOCATIONS OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS, therefore as being the Designer it is

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suggested that the proposed building should be constructed under the proper supervisions
of skilled technical person(Engineer or Senior Sub Engineer

2. SALIENT FEATURES OF BUILDING

Building Type :Residential Building

Located at : Biratnagar-06
Structural system :RCC Space frame, ductile moment resisting frame with infill wall
Plinth area covered :748.98 sq. ft.
Column :Square size as 300 X 300
Beam : Rectangular size (Main beams): 230x 355 mm &
Tie Beam as 230x230 mm
Slab :125mm thick two way slab
Type of foundation :COMBINED FOOTING & ISOLATED FOOTING
No. of Storey :THREE STORY BUILDING
Total Height :39 ft. from foundation level
Wall : 230 mm (9’)& 127mm (5’) thick brick masonry (1:5 C/S ratio)
Type of Sub-Soil : II (Medium type as per NBC 105)
Bearing Capacity of soil adopted = Only three Storey Building as per site condition to be
adopted as per Building By Laws 2072
(Specified in National Building By Laws 2072)
(As per Side condition of soil as obtained from 6’ depth excavation of foundation soil such
that the soil is visualized inspection as clay mixed soil& NO CHANGE IN THE SOIL
STRATA as found.)
3. METHOD OF ANALYSIS & DESIGN
The analysis has been carried out with the most popular and reliable structural analysis software
“ETABS” All the models are built up in 3-Dimensions and actual 3-D analysis is performed
ETABS is based on Finite Element Method. Modulus of elasticity and poison’s ratio for the
materials used are taken accordingly. Beams and columns are modeled as frame (line) elements
with sufficient and appropriate meshing. The section properties used are based on preliminary
section sizing with consideration for deflection, minimum sizing specified and serviceability.
3.1 Reinforced concrete design
The following materials are adopted for the design of the elements:
1. Concrete Grade: M25 for all structural concrete including foundation concrete
(The concrete cubes with 150 x150x150 mm size should be casted & tested at 7 days
& 28 days to ascertain the strength of M25 CONCRETE.
2. Reinforcement Steel – Fe500 (specification: Min. elongation = 18% &The ration of
ultimate strength to yield strength = 1.25). For this the reinforcement bars should be tested
for tensile strength test.

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The aim of structural design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being
design will perform satisfactorily during their intended life with an appropriate degree of safety,
they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have
adequate durability and adequate resistance to the effect of misuse and fire.
Therefore, Limit state method is used for the design of RCC elements. The design is based on IS:
456-2000, SP16, IS: 1893-2002, and Reinforced Concrete Designer’s Handbook are extensively
used in the process of design Foundation design is carried out to satisfy strength and stability
requirements.
Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Element

For the analysis, dead load is also necessary which depends upon the size of member itself. So it
is necessary to pre-assume logical size of member which will neither overestimate the load no
blunder estimate the stiffness of the building. So, the tentative sizes of the structural elements are
Determined through the preliminary design so that the pre-assumed dimensions may not deviate
considerably after analysis thus making the final design both safe and economical.

The tentative sizes of the Structural elements are determined through preliminary design so that
After, analysis, the presumed dimensions may not deviate considerably, thus making the final
design both safe and economical. The tentative sizes have been determined as follows:

Slab:
Preliminary design of slab is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code Clause 23.2.1
of [IS 456: 2000]. The cover provided is 20 mm and the grade of concrete used in the design is
M20.

According to which, Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value Eff. Depth

Where, the critical span is selected which is the maximum shorter span among the all slab
element. This is done to make uniformity in slab thickness. The amount of reinforcement will be
varied slab to slab but the thickness will be adopted corresponding to the entire slab.

Beam:
Preliminary design of the beam is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code Clause
23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000] and ductility criteria of IS13920: 1993 code. The cover provided is 30
mm and the grade of concrete used in the design is M20.
According to which, Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value x Correction Fact
or Eff. Depth for span x Correction Factor for Flange
But,
According to Ductility code, Spacing of Stirrups in
beam should be d/4. So, for considering construction difficulties in actual field, it is logical to use
d/4 as spacing as per the construction practice in Nepal.

COLUMN:
Preliminary design of column is done from the assessment of approximate factored gravity loads
and live loads coming up to the critical section. To compensate the possible eccentric loading and
earthquake loads the size is increased by about 25%in design. For the load acting in the column,
live load is decreased according to IS 875: 1978. Initially a square column is adopted in this
building project so as to provide internal aesthetics required from architecture point of view but
the column size and shape will vary as per the requirement for the analysis, design and aesthetic
value. The cover provided is 50 mm and the grade of concrete used in the column design is M20.

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Slab:
From Deflection Criteria [Effective Depth = Effective Shorter Span / (23 * MF)]

Beam:
For Practical rule as 25mm Depth for 300mm of Span covering deflection Criteria

Column:
From evaluation of approximate gravity loading coming up to the critical Column. To
compensate for the possible eccentric Loading and earthquake loads the size is increased by
about 25 % in design.

3.2 Detailing:
The space frame is considered as a special moment resisting frame (SMRF) with a special
detailing to provide ductile behavior at every joint between beams and columns and in other parts
to get ductility and comply with the requirements given in IS 13920:1993,Hand book on
Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing SP: 34and NBC201:1994.

4. LOADING DETAILS/TYPES OF LAODS

a.Dead Load: The Dead load comprises the loads due to the materials used in the construction
and parts or components in a building. It consists of the loads due to structural elements like
beam, column, wall, slab, staircase, etc.; finishes applied in the building and some permanent
structures like water tanks etc.
b. Loads on Beams supporting Two ways
Slabs:
c. In case of Beams supporting two-way
slabs, the load distribution is trapezoidal
on long beams and triangular on short
beams with base angle of 45▫ as shown in
fig. The ordinates of trapezoidal and
triangular loads=qLx/2.
d.
e. Assessment of unit Dead loads
f. Slab thickness : 125 mm for
floor (5.0”thk.)
g. Floor Finishing : 50 mm thick
h. Cement concrete : 25 KN/m3
i. Brick work with plaster : 20 KN/m3
j.
Floor finish : 24 KN/m3
k. Probable Partition :Considered in this cases 225 x 300 mm

l. Imposed Load: The imposed load comprises the loads due to the physical contribution of
people and the loads due to the nature of occupancy, the furniture and other equipment which are
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a part of the character of the occupancy. The imposed loads on the structural system are based on
the codal provisions as specified in IS 875(part2)-1987.

Assessment of unit Live loads

Unit Live Load on Stairs : 3KN/m2 for all floor (Since Residential building)
Unit Live Load on Floor : 2.5KN/m2
Unit Live Load on Roof : 1.5 KN/m2 ( For Accessible)
Unit Live Load on Roof : 0.75 KN/m2 ( For Non-Accessible)

Lateral Load Calculation: According to NBC105:1994 & IS 1823-2002, Biratnagar lies on the
zone V. Hence, the effect of the earthquake is predominant than the wind load. So, the frame is
analyzed for the EQ as lateral load. Since the total height of the structure is less than 40 m,
Seismic Coefficient Method as defined in clause 10.1 NBC 105:1994 is used to calculate
lateral load.
Since in 1ST FUNDAMENTAL MODE OF VIBRATION about 88.72 % of modal masses
are participated, Therefore it is not required to check the structure from RESPONSE
SPECTRUM METHOD

The Earthquake load has been calculated in accordance with NBC 105:1994 clause 4.0.Two
directional (both +ve and –ve) seismic force has been considered for analysis. For this loading
seismic weight is considered as the total dead load plus approximate amount of specified
imposed load. While computing the seismic weight of each floor, the weight of columns and
walls in any story shall be equally distributed to the floors above and below the story. The
seismic weight of the whole building is the sum of the seismic weights of all the floors. For
calculating the Earthquake loads, no live load is considered for roof and for all other floors live
load is considered only 25 % of floor area: NBC 105:1994, clause 6.0 since LL on the floor and
other area adopted in this case is <3.0 KN/m2

Load Cases considered:

 Self-Weights
 DL slab = 3.125 KN/m2
 DL floor finish = 1 KN/m2
 DL 9” Masonry Wall / DL of 5” wall with considering 30 % openings for doors &
windows.
 DL Partition wall
 DL Parapet Wall
 DL for Stair case
 LL for Stair case
 LL Floor
 LL Roof
 EQ(+X, -X direction)
 EQ(+Y, -Y direction)
5. LOADING ON STRUCTURAL MODEL

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The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural model:
 The loads distributed over the area are imposed on area element and that distributed over
length are imposed on line element whenever possible.
 Where such loading is not applicable, equivalent conversion to different loading
distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far as possible.
 The imposed loading of infill walls is considered (as per architectural drwg.) as
equivalent UDL with 25% to 30% deductions for openings, but the actual modeling of
infill walls as equivalent Struts is not performed. Hence the stiffness of infill walls is not
considered.
 The Plinth Tie – Beams are designed as purely tie members for lateral loads only, not
designed as flexural members as floor beams.
 For simplicity of Structural analysis, Modeling of stair case is not performed & no
landing beam is considered. The DL & LL load of stair case is transferred to the floor
beam as equivalent UDL.
 Seismic loads are considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the two
principal directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered to be
significant.

 The floors diaphragms are assumed to be rigid.

 Centre-line dimensions are assumed for analysis and design. Preliminary
 sizes of structural components are assumed as per Architectural Drawing.

 For analysis purpose, the beams are assumed to be rectangular so as to distribute slightly
larger moment in columns. In practice a beam that fulfils requirement of flanged section
in design, behaves in between a rectangular and a flanged section for moment
distribution.

6. ASSUMPTIONS
The following assumptions are taken into consideration in the seismic resistant analysis and
design of structures:
 Adequate supervision and quality systems are provided during execution of the works.
 Construction is carried out by personnel having the appropriate skill and experience.
 Construction materials and products confirm to the pertinent codes and specifications.
 The structure is adequately maintained.
 The structure is used in accordance with the design brief.

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  An earthquake is not likely to occur simultaneously with maximum flood, wind, waves or
tides.
 Resonance as visualized under steady state sinusoidal excitation will not occur, as the
small duration of earthquake is not enough to build up resonance amplitudes. Subsoil
does not considerably settle or slide due to earthquake at the site of structure.

7. LOAD COMBINATIONS

The load combinations are based on IS 1893 code, clause 18.2.3.1 for Limit state design
method. The following load combinations are used during analysis:

1.5 DL + 1.5 LL
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 EL(+X, -X)
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 EL(+Y, -Y)
1.5 DL + 1.5 EL(+X, -X)
1.5 DL + 1.5 EL(+Y, -Y)
0.9 DL + 1.5 EL (+X, -X)
0.9 DL + 1.5 EL (+Y, -Y)

Where:
DL : Dead Load
LL : Live Load
EL : Earthquake Load

Design of Structural Members

All the structural members have been designed for the critical values as obtained from above load
combinations. The limit state method has been adopted for designing structural members
referring SP – 16, SP-34, IS 456- 2000 & IS 13920 – 1993.

Foundation design is carried out to satisfy strength and stability requirements.

8. Loading Details

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Number of Storey 3Storey
Loading in General Structural Self Weight
Gravity loads) Live Load for residential services
Dead load of finishing materials for floor
Panel walls 250mm&125mmthickbrickwallswithoutopenings
125mmthickbrick walls with20% &30%openings
Partition walls 125mmthick(half brick)wallswith30%&20%openings
Parapet walls 125mmthick(half brick)wallheight0.8m
Live Load As per IS875Part II
Lateral Loading As per IS1893:2002
a. Load Pattern

Self Weight
Name Type Multiplier Auto Load
Dead Dead 1
Live Live 0
wall Dead Dead 0
Floor Finish Dead 0
water tank Dead 0
Eq-x Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
Eq-y Seismic 0 IS1893 2002

b. Load Cases
Name Type

Dead Linear Static

Live Linear Static

wall Dead Linear Static

Floor Finish Linear Static

water tank Linear Static

Eq-x Linear Static

Eq-y Linear Static

TABLE: Load Combinations
Name Load Case/Combo Scale Factor Type Auto

UDCon1 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No

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UDCon1 wall Dead 1.5
UDCon1 Floor Finish 1.5
UDCon1 water tank 1.5
UDCon2 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No
UDCon2 Live 1.5
UDCon2 wall Dead 1.5
UDCon2 Floor Finish 1.5
UDCon2 water tank 1.5
UDCon3 Dead 1.2 Linear Add No
UDCon3 Live 1.2
UDCon3 wall Dead 1.2
UDCon3 Floor Finish 1.2
UDCon3 water tank 1.2
UDCon3 Eq-x 1.2
UDCon4 Dead 1.2 Linear Add No
UDCon4 Live 1.2
UDCon4 wall Dead 1.2
UDCon4 Floor Finish 1.2
UDCon4 water tank 1.2
UDCon4 Eq-x -1.2
UDCon5 Dead 1.2 Linear Add No
UDCon5 Live 1.2
UDCon5 wall Dead 1.2
UDCon5 Floor Finish 1.2
UDCon5 water tank 1.2
UDCon5 Eq-y 1.2
UDCon6 Dead 1.2 Linear Add No
UDCon6 Live 1.2
UDCon6 wall Dead 1.2
UDCon6 Floor Finish 1.2
UDCon6 water tank 1.2
UDCon6 Eq-y -1.2
UDCon7 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No
UDCon7 wall Dead 1.5
UDCon7 Floor Finish 1.5
UDCon7 water tank 1.5
UDCon7 Eq-x 1.5
UDCon8 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No
UDCon8 wall Dead 1.5
UDCon8 Floor Finish 1.5
UDCon8 water tank 1.5
UDCon8 Eq-x -1.5
UDCon9 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No
UDCon9 wall Dead 1.5
UDCon9 Floor Finish 1.5
UDCon9 water tank 1.5

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UDCon9 Eq-y 1.5
UDCon1
0 Dead 1.5 Linear Add No
UDCon1
0 wall Dead 1.5
UDCon1
0 Floor Finish 1.5
UDCon1
0 water tank 1.5
UDCon1
0 Eq-y -1.5
UDCon1
1 Dead 0.9 Linear Add No
UDCon1
1 wall Dead 0.9
UDCon1
1 Floor Finish 0.9
UDCon1
1 water tank 0.9
UDCon1
1 Eq-x 1.5
UDCon1
2 Dead 0.9 Linear Add No
UDCon1
2 wall Dead 0.9
UDCon1
2 Floor Finish 0.9
UDCon1
2 water tank 0.9
UDCon1
2 Eq-x -1.5
UDCon1
3 Dead 0.9 Linear Add No
UDCon1
3 wall Dead 0.9
UDCon1
3 Floor Finish 0.9
UDCon1
3 water tank 0.9
UDCon1
3 Eq-y 1.5
UDCon1
4 Dead 0.9 Linear Add No
UDCon1
4 wall Dead 0.9
UDCon1
4 Floor Finish 0.9
UDCon1
4 water tank 0.9
UDCon1
4 Eq-y -1.5

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 9. SUMMARY OF FINAL DESIGN OUTPUTS

Section of columns & Reinforcement Details

Reinforcement details Reinforcement
Columns for ground floor & details for 2nd Lateral ties
1stonly Floor and above

8 mm dia.
Column C1 4-16 dia. Bars 4-16 dia. Bars
4- legged lateral ties @100 mm &
(12” X 12”) 4-12 dia. bars 4-12 dia. bars
150mm c/c at ends & mid height

8 mm dia.
Column C2 6-16 dia. Bars 4-16 dia. Bars
4- legged lateral ties @100 mm &
(12” X 12”) 2-12 dia. bars 4-12 dia. bars
150mm c/c at ends & mid height

8 mm dia.
Column C3 4-16 dia. Bars
8-16 dia. Bars 4- legged lateral ties @100 mm &
(12” X 12”) 4-12 dia. bars
150mm c/c at ends & mid height

Section of Floor Beams & Reinforcement details

Re-Bars at Support Re-Bars at Mid Span

Floor Beams
Top Bottom Top Bottom

BeamB1
2-16 dia. Bars
10”x 15” 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars
2-12 dia. Bars
mm
PLINTH TIE 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars
BEAM 1-16 dia. Bars 1-16 dia. Bars 1-16 dia. Bars 1-16 dia. Bars
10” x 10”

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 mm
FOOTING
BEAM 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars
10” x 10” 1-16 dia. Bars 1-16 dia. Bars 1-16 dia. Bars 1-16 dia. Bars
mm
8 mm dia. vertical
8 mm dia. vertical stirrups@100mm
Vertical stirrups@150mm c/c at mid
c/c up to L/4 from end of support
stirrups span

9. ANALYSIS INPUTS/ OUTPUTS

3D Model of the Building

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 Frame Section YZ Plane

16
17
18
Frame Section XZ Plane

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20
21
22
Frame Section XY Plane

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24
Longitudinal Reinforcement (3D)

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Longitudinal Reinforcement Details(YZ Plane)

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27
28
29
30
Displacement in X- Direction

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Displacement in Y- Direction

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Drift in X- Direction

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 Drift in Y- Direction

The site supervisions & quality test of the different constructions

materials of the proposed building do not undertaken by the structural
engineer(herein the Designer). Hence any failure or error occurred with the
building due to the non – implementation of the recommendations made in
this report and structural drwg. Or due to improper construction will not be
the responsibility of the Structural Engineer.
The structural analysis has been completed on the assumptions that the
proposed building shall be constructed under the proper supervisions of
skilled technical person.
Also the structural engineer will not responsible for sub soil explorations at
the site. The foundation design has been completed only based on the
condition of soil strata up to one meter depth at the site of the concerned
building.

REFERENCES

1) Jain, A.K- R.C.C. Limit State Design, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
2) Shah & Kale- R.C.C Design, Macmillan India Limited
3) Ashok k. Jain- Advanced Structural Analysis, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
4) S.S. Bhavikati-Structural Analysis- II, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
5) V.N. Vazirani- Analysis of Structures-II, Khanna Publishers
6) S. Ramamrutham-Theory of Structures, DhanpatRai Publishing Company

Codes
1) I.S. 456-2000 -Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
2) I S. 456-1978 -Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete ( S.P.-16 )
3) S.P.34-1987 - Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
4) I S 1893-2003 -Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Structure
5) NBC 105:1994, Seismic Design of Building in Nepal
6) NBC 1994 FOR Ductile Detailing for RCC Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
7) I S 13920-1993 -Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to
Seismic forces
8) I S 875-1987 -Code of practice for Design Loads for Buildings and Structures
Part 1- Dead Loads
Part 2- Imposed Loads

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Er. Moaaz Hasan
(NEC Regd No:18677”A” Civil)
Phone No: 9811011790

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