Learning Guide: 유형 A (어법·어휘Ⅰ) 유형 B (어법·어휘Ⅱ) 유형 C (독해형) 유형 D (서술형)
Learning Guide: 유형 A (어법·어휘Ⅰ) 유형 B (어법·어휘Ⅱ) 유형 C (독해형) 유형 D (서술형)
유형 A~D
논리적 독해 학습 무관한 문장 찾기
글의 순서 파악하기
주어진 문장 위치 파악하기
요약문 완성
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
2. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바 4. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바
르게 연결된 것은?2) 르게 연결된 것은?4)
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
People often ask me, “What surprises you most It is common sense ⓐ(that / which) people’s inner
about habits?” One thing ⓐthat continually astonishes beliefs may drive their external behavior. If you’re
me is the degree to which we’re (A)influenced by attracted to a certain person, you should be (A)(more
sheer convenience. The (B)amount of effort, time, or / less) likely to socialize with that person. If you favor
decision making ⓑrequiring by an action has a huge a brand of toothpaste, you’re more likely to buy it.
influence on habit formation. To a truly remarkable Of course, our internal thoughts don’t always predict
extent, we’re more likely to do something if it’s our public behavior, but, overall, ⓑ(what / that) we
(C)inconvenient, and less likely if it’s not. For this do obviously (B)(reflects / contradicts) what we think.
reason, we should pay close attention to the But beliefs and behaviors are also related in a more
convenience of any activity we want to make into a remarkable way. It turns out that the arrow is as
habit. Putting a wastebasket next to our front door (C)(likely / unlikely) to point in the reverse direction.
made mail sorting slightly more ⓒconvenient, and I As social psychologist David Myers observes, “If social
(D)stopped procrastinating with this chore. Many psychology has ⓒ(taught / been taught) us anything
people report that they do a ⓓmuch better job of during the last 25 years, it is that we are likely not
staying close to distant family members now that only to think ourselves into a way of acting but also
tools like group chats make ⓔit (E)easy to stay in to act ourselves into a way of thinking.”
touch.
*sheer: 순전한 **procrastinate: 미루다 7. 윗글의 괄호 ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르
게 연결된 것은?7)
5. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?5) ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ① that that taught
② which what taught
③ that what been taught
④ which that been taught
⑤ that what taught
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
Imagine following the spirit of a ⓐsilence vow into Science is concerned with accumulating and
daily life. Challenge yourself to spend an entire day understanding observations of the physical world.
saying only (A)what you absolutely must say. It’s been That understanding alone solves no problems.
widely observed by behavioral psychology experts — Individual people have to ⓐ(act on / reconsider) that
and anyone who’s ever been on a first date — (B)that understanding for it (A)(to help / helping) solve
we too often tend to treat “conversation” as a game problems. For instance, science has found that regular
of waiting for our own turn to ⓑspeak. We miss exercise can lower your risk of heart disease. Knowing
what’s (C)being said because we’re mentally this fact is interesting, but it will do nothing for your
ⓒrehearsing our next utterance. What if you could personal health unless you put it into practice and
eliminate the idea (D)which the next available actually exercise. And that’s the hard part. Reading an
mini-silence is your next opening to express whatever article about exercise is easy. Getting into an actual
is in your head? What if you were limited to, say, routine of regular exercise is ⓑ(harder / easier). In
fifty spoken words tomorrow? I think you’d listen this sense, science really solves no problems at all.
quite differently. You’d attend quite ⓓcarefully to Problems are only solved when people take the
every word you heard. You’d be attuned to what you knowledge provided by science and (B)(use / used) it.
must respond to. You might discover (E)that the less In fact, many of humanity’s biggest problems
you say, the ⓔless you hear. (C)(cause / are caused) by ⓒ(abundance / lack) of
*vow: 서약 **utterance: 발언 ***attune: 맞추다 action, and not ⓒ(abundance / lack) of knowledge.
*accumulate: 축적하다
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
① indoors entirely recognize 19. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
② outdoors partially overlook 바르게 연결된 것은?19)
③ indoors partially recognize (A) (B) (C)
④ outdoors partially recognize ① filled recycled are
⑤ outdoors entirely overlook ② is filled recycled are
③ filled recycled is
④ is filled recycling is
⑤ filled recycling are
18. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 20. 윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?20)
바르게 연결된 것은?18) ① The pop-up shop runs for 10 hours each day
(A) (B) (C) during the three-day period.
① which awarded dying ② Visitors can get a coffee discount after buying
② where awarded dying two plants.
③ which was awarded died ③ The photo zone is decorated with rare animals
④ where was awarded dying and special plants.
⑤ where was awarded died ④ Guests can decorate pots made from recycled
glass materials.
⑤ Visitors are forbidden to bring snacks or drinks
from outside.
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
2025 Summer Cartoon Festival Studies of experts provide insight into ⓐwhat it
means to have deep and flexible understanding.
It’s the 8th annual Summer Cartoon Festival! The Experts in a particular domain are people who have
festival (A)(drew / has drawn) a lot of visitors last deep, richly (A)(fragmented / interconnected) ideas
year. Why not (B)(be / being) this year? about the world. They are not just good thinkers or
people who are exceptionally smart. Rather, experts
Dates: July 5 ‒ 6 have knowledge in a specific domain — such as chess,
Time: 9 a.m. ‒ 6 p.m. chemistry, or tennis — and ⓑare not (B)(generalists /
Place: Merryville Park specialists). However, experts do not just know “a
bunch of facts.” In fact, ⓒhave expertise in a topic
Featured Events means that knowledge is organized into coherent
• Cartoon drawing classes for beginners only frameworks, and the expert understands the
• Face painting by cartoonists inter-relationship between facts and can distinguish
• Parade of costumed characters ⓓwhich ideas are most central. This kind of deep but
organized understanding ⓔallows for greater flexibility
Notes in learning and (C)(facilitates / hinders) application
• All visitors will (C)(receive / be received) character across multiple contexts.
stickers. *coherent: 일관성 있는
• For a more detailed timetable and other information,
check out www.SummerCartoonFest.com. 23. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?23)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
21. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?21)
(A) (B) (C)
① drew be receive
② has drawn be receive
③ drew be be received
④ has drawn being be received
⑤ drew being receive
24. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?24)
(A) (B) (C)
① fragmented generalists facilitates
② interconnected generalists hinders
③ interconnected generalists facilitates
22. 윗글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?22) ④ interconnected specialists facilitates
① The event was held for the first time last year. ⑤ fragmented specialists hinders
② This year’s event lasts for three days.
③ Drawing classes are open to all cartoon lovers
regardless of level.
④ Each visitor can buy a character sticker at the
pop-up shop.
⑤ For more information, people can visit the festival’s
website.
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
It is natural for people ⓐto observe happenings In everyday life, we use previous experience to
and then seek explanations for why those happenings predict where ⓐwe should pay attention. Different
occurred. But sometimes the reasoning is wrong environments create different expectations. This was
because of one or more misconceptions. One of profoundly illustrated by the scientist Jared Diamond
these is the ecological fallacy, ⓑwhere an argument in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel. He describes an
claims that there is a (A)(causal / correlated) adventure wandering through the New Guinea jungle
relationship between two things merely because they with native New Guineans. He relates that these
occur together. For example, in the 1950s it ⓒfound natives tend to perform (A)(well / poorly) at tasks
that crime rates were the highest in neighborhoods Westerners ⓑhave been trained to do since childhood.
where immigrants were most numerous. Some people But they are hardly stupid. They can detect the most
used this “co-occurrence” to argue that immigrants subtle changes in the jungle, good for (B)(erasing /
were a cause of crime. But a careful analysis of this following) the tracks of a predator or for finding the
situation revealed ⓓthat immigrants were (B)(allowed way back home. They know which insects ⓒto leave
/ forced) to live in neighborhoods where crime rates alone, know where food exists, can build and tear
were already high; they could not afford more down shelters with (C)(difficulty / ease). Diamond,
expensive housing in safer neighborhoods. Immigrants who had never spent time in such places, ⓓhave no
themselves committed very few of the crimes. Unless ability to pay attention to these things. Were he to
you analyze the claim carefully, you would be tested on such tasks, he also ⓔwould perform
misinterpret the relationship and thereby ⓔconstruct poorly.
a (C)(faulty / sound) belief. *profoundly: 심오하게 **subtle: 미묘한
*immigrant: 이민자
26. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 28. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?26) 바르게 연결된 것은?28)
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)
① causal forced faulty ① poorly following difficulty
② correlated forced faulty ② well erasing ease
③ causal forced sound ③ poorly following ease
④ correlated allowed sound ④ well following ease
⑤ causal allowed faulty ⑤ poorly erasing difficulty
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of In most respects, humans are one of a relatively
time and effort in creating and launching new small number of species ⓐ(what / that) evolved a
products and services and then (A)make the mistake very different strategy of investing more energy to
of overpricing them. They have created something reproduce more slowly. Like apes and elephants, we
they care deeply about, it’s theirs, and this powerful mature at a (A)(quick / leisurely) pace, grow large
sense of ⓐownership distorts their perception of bodies, and ⓑ(have / having) few babies but devote
value which causes them (B)to overprice their much time and energy to raising them well. This
products. While many of them are quick to realize unusual strategy (B)(fails / succeeds) because while
(C)that their initial prices are too high, not all these apes and elephants produce fewer babies than mice,
people are happy or willing to ⓑdrop their prices to a larger percentage of their offspring ⓒ(surviving /
make their products more (D)attractively. And this can survive) to then reproduce. A house mouse can
be a very costly mistake that may ⓒlead to the become a mother when she is just five weeks old,
failure of their new business. When you launch a new has four to ten pups per litter, and can have a new
product or service, your priority should be (E)to get litter every two months over the course of her
sufficient market adoption as soon as possible and approximately twelve-month life. However, the vast
you should be ready to ⓓboost your initial prices majority of her pups (C)(live long / die young). In
and profits to achieve this aim. Once you have strong contrast, a chimp or elephant mother does not
sales volumes, you can ⓔincrease your prices to reproduce until she is at least twelve years old, and
maximize your profits. she gives birth to only one infant every five or six
*entrepreneur: 기업가 **tremendous: 엄청난 years over the next thirty or so years. About half of
these offspring make it to becoming parents.
29. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?29) *ape: 유인원 **offspring: 자손 ***litter: 한 배에서 난 새끼
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
When scientists make an important new discovery In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic
or experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do Bartlett asked people (A)(listen / to listen) to folktales
not, in general, keep that information to themselves from other countries and then ⓐrecall these stories
ⓐso that they alone can consider its meaning and at a later date. As you might guess, unfamiliar stories
derive additional theories from it. Instead, they were not remembered as well as familiar stories.
(A)(conceal / publish) their results and make their ⓑSurprisingly, however, errors in memory were not
data ⓑavailable for inspection. This makes it possible random. Rather, subjects often ⓒrewrote similar parts
for other scientists to reconsider their data and of the stories in their own minds — particularly the
possibly ⓒrefute their conclusions. More important, parts that made the least sense to them. Bartlett
though, it makes it (B)(possible / impossible) for other concluded that when (B)(faced / facing) problems,
scientists to use that data to construct new humans ⓓrule out mental schemata, or shelves of
hypotheses and perform new experiments. The stored knowledge in our brains, to fill in any minor
assumption is ⓓwhat society as a whole will end up gaps in our memories. Therefore, (C)(remember /
(C)(knowing / losing) more if information is spread as remembering) is an imaginative process that ⓔinvolves
widely as possible, rather than ⓔbeing limited to a building upon past experiences.
few people. In a strict sense, every scientist depends *folktale: 민간 설화
on the work of other scientists.
*derive: 도출하다 **refute: 반박하다 35. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?35)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
33. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?33)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
34. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 36. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?34) 바르게 연결된 것은?36)
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)
① publish impossible knowing ① to listen facing remembering
② publish possible knowing ② to listen facing remember
③ publish possible losing ③ to listen faced remembering
④ conceal impossible losing ④ listen facing remembering
⑤ conceal possible knowing ⑤ listen faced remember
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
History, people often say, ⓐrepeats itself. And Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is
(A)(look / looking) at the historical records of the the internationally recognized pioneer of the concept
ancient civilizations, some things do seem to happen of “growth mindset” as a way to continually grow,
again and again. Civilizations expand, get learn, and persevere in our efforts. Dweck found that
overextended, and then ⓑflourish as in the cases of kids who ⓐ(are told / tell) they’re “smart” actually
Rome, (B)(that / which) went under in 476 AD, and underperform in future tasks, by choosing (A)(harder /
the British Empire, which fell apart more than a easier) tasks to avoid evidence that they are not
thousand years later in the post-World War II era. smart, which Dweck calls having a “fixed mindset.” In
But is this always the case? If so, archaeology would contrast, Dweck found, kids who are praised not for
be pretty ⓒboring; one thing would happen again their smarts but for their effort (B)(lack / develop)
and again. But that’s not (C)(that / what) what Dweck calls a “growth mindset.” They learn that
archaeologists see. Some civilizations end suddenly, their effort is ⓑ(that / what) led to their success, and
like the Aztec and Inca, ⓓconquered by invaders in if they continue to try, over time they’ll improve and
the 1520s AD. Those empires never had the chance achieve more things. These kids end up (C)(avoiding /
to collapse as a result of overexpansion. So in the taking on) tougher things, and feel better about
case of civilizations, “history repeats itself” seems to themselves. “Emphasizing effort ⓒ(give / gives) a
be an ⓔoversimplification. child a variable that they can control,” Dweck has
*archaeology: 고고학 **invader: 침입자 ***empire: 제국 explained.
*persevere: 인내하다 **variable: 변수
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
To monitor our surroundings is (A)to focus on We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine
what’s ⓐoutside of ourselves: what we see, hear, mammals. This means that special nerve endings on
smell, feel, and perhaps even taste. But sometimes our faces, around the mouth and nose, ⓐ(trigger /
(B)what really marks a place is something ⓑless triggers) this reflex only when the facial region
specific — a feeling within us. An interesting example (A)(gets out of / goes under) water. If we are in the
(C)emerged from a study of subway passenger water, with our head out in the air, there is no
behavior. Researchers (D)tried to understand why diving reflex. But if we sink just our face in a bowl of
people sit where they sit or stand where they stand water, while the whole of the rest of our body is in
in subway and metro trains examined the factors that the dry air, the diving reflex is triggered. It
ⓒshape the way riders used and navigated that automatically (B)(opens up / closes down) the airway,
space in different situations. One of their findings ⓑ(reducing / reduced) the risk of swallowing water,
involved the reasons many riders (E)like to plant and it narrows the small air-passages in the lungs. At
themselves ⓓfar from the train’s doors. Partly this the same time the heart rate is slowed down to half
was the obvious convenience of being able to exit speed and blood is shunted to the vital organs,
more quickly. But it was shaped partly by a more protecting them from the effects of the brief stop in
abstract sensation — the desire to ⓔavoid the breathing. By contrast, if a chimpanzee or a gorilla
sometimes uncomfortable feeling of accidentally ⓒ(finds / found) itself in water with its face below
making eye contact with seated passengers. We can’t the surface, it would (C)(calm down / panic), its heart
see feelings — but they’re very real, and they would race and it would quickly drown.
influence our experience of the world. *reflex: 반사 **trigger: 유발하다 ***shunt: 방향을 돌리다
41. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?41) 43. 윗글의 괄호 ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바
르게 연결된 것은?43)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
① trigger reducing finds
② triggers reduced finds
③ trigger reduced found
④ triggers reducing found
⑤ trigger reducing found
42. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?42)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way
bias when humans communicate with one another. In we spend money, ⓐaltering the calculus of our
other words, when we’re listening to others or reading financial decisions. When you buy something with
their words, our automatic assumption is ⓐ(that / cash, the purchase involves an actual loss — your
what) the other person is telling the truth. This wallet is literally lighter. Credit cards, however, make
usually works out (A)(fine / poorly). If you ask the purchase abstract, so that you don’t really feel
someone where ⓑ(is the restroom / the restroom is) the (A)(upside / downside) of spending money.
located or if it’s raining outside, you can safely Brain-imaging experiments suggest that paying with
assume that most people will not lie in their credit cards actually ⓑreduces activity in the insula, a
responses. Imagine how difficult it would be to brain region associated with negative feelings. As
converse with someone if you assumed that George Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at Carnegie
everything they were telling you was (B)(true / false)! Mellon, says, “The nature of credit cards ensures
Indeed, questioning the truth of a statement and ⓒthat your brain is anesthetized against the pain of
then choosing not to believe it requires (C)(additional payment.” Spending money doesn’t feel bad, so you
/ fewer) mental steps. For the most part, humans spend (B)(more / less) money.
are “cognitive misers,” ⓒ(which / that) means we Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan
typically don’t expend more mental effort than seems Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a
necessary in a given situation. It makes sense then, real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston
that when we see something online, even if it is fake, Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction
our default is to believe it, at least at first. ⓓinformed that they had to pay with cash; the other
*expend: 들이다 **default: 기본값 half were told they had to pay with credit cards.
Prelec and Simester then averaged the bids for the
45. 윗글의 괄호 ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바 two different groups. It turns out that the average
르게 연결된 것은?45) credit card bid was twice as (C)(high / low) as the
average cash bid. When people used their credit
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
cards, their bids were ⓔmuch more reckless. They no
① that the restroom is that
longer felt the need to limit their expenses.
② what is the restroom that
*calculus: 계산법 **anesthetize: 마비시키다 ***bid: 입찰
③ that the restroom is which
④ what the restroom is which
⑤ that is the restroom which
47. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?47)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
46. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 48. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?46) 바르게 연결된 것은?48)
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)
① poorly false additional ① downside less high
② fine false additional ② downside more low
③ fine false fewer ③ upside less low
④ poorly true fewer ④ upside more high
⑤ fine true additional ⑤ downside more high
- 13 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ
유형 A
유형 A ┃6월 43~45번┃
- 14 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
- 15 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
People often ask me, “What surprises you most It is common sense that people’s inner beliefs may
about habits?” One thing that continually astonishes ⓐdrive their external behavior. If you’re (A)(attracting
me is the degree ⓐto which we’re influenced by / attracted) to a certain person, you should be more
sheer convenience. The amount of effort, time, or likely to socialize with that person. If you ⓑdislike a
decision making required by an action ⓑhave a(n) brand of toothpaste, you’re more likely to buy it. Of
(A)(minor / enormous) influence on habit formation. course, our internal thoughts don’t always predict our
To a truly remarkable extent, we’re more likely ⓒto public behavior, but, overall, what we do obviously
do something if it’s convenient, and less likely if it’s (B)(reflects / to reflect) what we ⓒthink. But beliefs
not. For this reason, we should pay close attention to and behaviors are also related in a more remarkable
the (B)(ease / hassle) of any activity ⓓthat we want way. It turns out that the arrow is as likely to point
to make into a habit. ⓔPut a wastebasket next to in the ⓓreverse direction. As social psychologist
our front door made mail sorting slightly more David Myers observes, “If social psychology has
(C)(convenient / inconvenient), and I stopped taught us anything during the last 25 years, it is
procrastinating with this chore. Many people report (C)(that / what) we are ⓔunlikely not only to think
ⓕthat they do a much better job of staying close to ourselves into a way of acting but also (D)(to act /
distant family members now that tools like group acting) ourselves into a way of thinking.”
chats make it (D)(demanding / effortless) ⓖstaying in
touch. 57. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두
*sheer: 순전한 **procrastinate: 미루다 고르면?57)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
55. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓖ 중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개수는?55)
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개
56. 윗글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바르 58. 윗글의 괄호 (A)~(D)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 바르
게 연결된 것은?56) 게 연결된 것은?58)
(A) (B) (C) (D) (A) (B) (C) (D)
① minor hassle convenient demanding ① attracting to reflect that acting
② enormous hassle inconvenient effortless ② attracted to reflect what to act
③ enormous ease convenient demanding ③ attracted reflects that to act
④ enormous ease convenient effortless ④ attracting reflects what to act
⑤ minor ease inconvenient demanding ⑤ attracted reflects that acting
- 16 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
Imagine ⓐ(following / violating) the spirit of a Science is concerned with accumulating and
silence vow into daily life. Challenge yourself to understanding observations of the physical world. That
spend an entire day (A)saying only what you understanding ⓐalone solves no problems. Individual
absolutely must say. (B)It’s been widely observed by people have to act on that understanding for it to
behavioral psychology experts — and anyone who’s help (A)solving problems. For instance, science has
ever been on a first date — that we too often tend found (B)what regular exercise can ⓑincrease your
to treat “conversation” as a game of waiting for our risk of heart disease. Knowing this fact is
own turn to speak. We ⓑ(miss / grasp) what’s being (C)interested, but it will do nothing for your personal
said because we’re mentally rehearsing our next health unless you act on it and actually ⓒexercise.
utterance. What if you (C)could eliminate the idea And that’s the hard part. (D)Read an article about
that the next available mini-silence is your next exercise is easy. ⓓGetting into an actual routine of
opening to express (D)whatever is in your head? regular exercise is harder. In this sense, science really
What if you were limited to, say, fifty spoken words solves no problems at all. Problems are only solved
tomorrow? I think you’d listen quite differently. You’d when people take the knowledge (E)provide by
attend quite ⓒ(carefully / carelessly) to every word science and use it. In fact, many of humanity’s
(E)you heard. You’d be attuned to what you must biggest problems are ⓔsolved by lack of action, and
respond to. You might discover that (F)the less you not lack of knowledge.
say, the more you hear. *accumulate: 축적하다
*vow: 서약 **utterance: 발언 ***attune: 맞추다
60. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(F)에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 62. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 부분을
은 것을 모두 골라 짝지은 것은?60) 알맞게 고치지 않은 것은?62)
(A) ‘~하는 데 시간을 보내다’라는 뜻인 ‘spend+시간 ① (A): solving → solve
+-ing’ 구문을 이룬다. ② (B): what → that
(B) 명사구 a silence vow를 가리키는 대명사 it으로 쓰였다. ③ (C): interested → interesting
(C) What if(~라면 어떨까)가 이끄는 절이 현재 사실의 ④ (D): Read → Reading
⑤ (E): provide → is provided
반대를 가정하므로 가정법 과거를 나타내는 조동
사의 과거형인 could가 쓰였다.
(D) ‘아무리 ~일지라도’라는 뜻의 복합관계대명사로,
뒤에 나온 절을 이끌어 양보의 부사절을 이룬다.
(E) 명사구 every word를 수식하는 관계사절로, you 앞
에 목적격 관계대명사 that 또는 which가 생략되었다.
(F) ‘~할수록 …하다’라는 뜻의 ‘the+비교급+주어+동사~,
the+비교급+주어+동사 …’ 구문을 이루고 있다.
- 17 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
We think we’re being logical, objective, and rational Edward O. Wilson was born in Birmingham,
— and therefore accurate in our analysis, judgment, Alabama, in 1929. In his early childhood, he became
and decisions. So we think that if other people are (A)uninterested in nature and spent much time in the
logical, objective, and rational, they will (A)(agree / outdoors. At age seven, he was partially ⓐblinded in
disagree) with us and see the things ⓐwhat we see. a fishing accident; his (B)impaired sight led Wilson to
But the opposite is the case. Every human brain is the study of ants. He could not (C)observe larger
different. Everyone’s life experience is different. animals from a distance. Instead, he concentrated on
Everyone’s desires and knowledge ⓑis different. You smaller creatures ⓑthat he could study up close.
might think you’re being (B)(realistic / idealistic) — After he ⓒstudying evolutionary biology at the
that is, ⓒwhat your ideas match reality, but that’s University of Alabama, Wilson (D)transferred to
impossible. It’s only your interpretation of reality, Harvard University, ⓓin which he became a professor
ⓓthat will always be different from someone else‘s. in 1956. He never received a Nobel Prize — the prize
When two nations play each other in the World Cup, didn’t (E)deny research in the field of evolutionary
the fans of each country ⓔcriticizes the referees for biology. However, he was (F)awarded the Crafoord
(C)(overlooking / noticing) all the infractions that the Prize in 1990. Wilson, ⓔwas known to some as the
other team commits. Without fail, each fan base “modern-day Darwin”, died at the age of 92 in
believes that the referees are biased against their Massachusetts.
team.
*infraction: 위반
65. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(F) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것의 개
수는?65)
63. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 ① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개
바르게 연결된 것은?63)
- 18 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
Studies of experts provide insight into what ⓐthat ⓐIt is (A)natural for people to observe happenings
means to have deep and (A)flexible understanding. and then ⓑseeks explanations for why those
Experts in a particular domain are people who have happenings occurred. But sometimes the reasoning is
deep, ⓑrich interconnected ideas about the world. (B)valid because of one or more misconceptions. One
They are not just good thinkers or people who are of these is the ecological fallacy, ⓒwhich an
exceptionally smart. Rather, experts have knowledge in argument claims that there is a causal relationship
a specific domain — such as chess, chemistry, or between two things merely because they occur
tennis — and are not (B)all-rounders. However, experts (C)together. For example, in the 1950s it was found
do not just know “a bunch of facts.” In fact, having ⓓthat crime rates were the highest in neighborhoods
expertise in a topic ⓒmean that knowledge is where immigrants were most (D)numerous. Some
(C)structured into coherent frameworks, and the people used this “co-occurrence” ⓔto argue that
expert understands the inter-relationship between immigrants were a cause of crime. But a careful
facts and can (D)misidentify which ideas are most analysis of this situation revealed that immigrants
central. This kind of deep but ⓓorganize were forced ⓕto living in neighborhoods where crime
understanding allows for greater flexibility in learning rates were already (E)low; they could not afford more
and ⓔfacilitate application across (E)limited contexts. expensive housing in safer neighborhoods. Immigrants
*coherent: 일관성 있는 themselves committed very few of the crimes. Unless
you analyze the claim carefully, you would
67. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 알맞 (F)recognize the relationship, thereby ⓖconstructing a
게 고치지 않은 것은?67) faulty belief.
*immigrant: 이민자
① ⓐ: that → it
② ⓑ: rich → richly
③ ⓒ: mean → means 69. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓖ 중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개수는?69)
④ ⓓ: organize → organized ① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개
⑤ ⓔ: facilitate → facilitating
68. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모 70. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(F) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모
두 고르면?68) 두 골라 짝지은 것은?70)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A), (C), (E) ② (B), (E), (F) ③ (B), (D), (E)
④ (C), (E), (F) ⑤ (D), (E), (F)
- 19 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
In everyday life, we use previous experience to Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of
predict (A)where we should pay attention. Different time and effort in creating and (A)launching new
environments create ⓐdifferent expectations. This was products and services and then make the mistake of
profoundly illustrated by the scientist Jared Diamond overpricing them. They have created something (B)they
in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel. He describes an care deeply about, it’s theirs, and this powerful sense
adventure ⓑwandering through the New Guinea of ownership ⓐdistorts their perception of value
jungle with native New Guineans. He relates (B)that which causes them to overprice their products. While
these natives tend to perform poorly at tasks many of them are quick (C)to realize that their initial
(C)Westerners have been trained to do since childhood. prices are too ⓑhigh, not all these people are happy
But they are hardly ⓒwise. They can detect the most or willing to (D)dropping their prices to make their
subtle changes in the jungle, (D)good for following products more attractive. And this can be a very
the tracks of a predator or for ⓓfinding the way costly mistake (E)that may lead to the ⓒsuccess of
back home. They know which insects to leave alone, their new business. When you launch a new product
know where food ⓔexists, can build and tear down or service, your priority should be to get ⓓsufficient
shelters with ease. Diamond, who had never spent market adoption as soon as possible and you should
time in such places, has no ability to pay attention to be ready to sacrifice your initial prices and profits
these things. (E)Were he to be tested on such tasks, (F)to achieve this aim. Once you have ⓔlow sales
he also would perform ⓕcompetently. volumes, you can increase your prices to maximize
*profoundly: 심오하게 **subtle: 미묘한 your profits.
*entrepreneur: 기업가 **tremendous: 엄청난
72. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E)에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 74. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두
은 것은?72) 고르면?74)
① (A): predict의 목적어 자리에 쓰인 의문사절을 이루 ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
는 의문사이다.
② (B): relates의 목적어인 명사절을 이루는 접속사이다.
③ (C): do의 목적어가 없는 불완전한 절의 형태로 선
행사 tasks를 수식하고 있으며, 앞에 목적격 관
계대명사 that 또는 which가 생략되었다.
④ (D): 앞에 ‘관계대명사+be동사’인 that is가 생략된
것으로 볼 수 있다.
⑤ (E): 가정법 미래가 쓰인 것으로, ‘If he were to be’
에서 접속사 If를 생략하고 주어 he와 동사
were를 도치시킨 형태이다.
- 20 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
In most respects, humans are one of a relatively When scientists make an important new discovery
small number of species that evolved a very different or experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do
strategy of (A)investing more energy to reproduce not, in general, keep that information to themselves
more slowly. Like apes and elephants, we mature at a so that they alone can consider its meaning and
leisurely pace, grow ⓐlarge bodies, and have few (A)derive additional theories from it. Instead, they
babies but devote ⓑlittle time and energy to publish their results and make their data ⓐunavailable
(B)raising them well. This unusual strategy succeeds for inspection. This makes (B)it possible for other
because while apes and elephants produce fewer scientists to ⓑreconsider their data and possibly
babies than mice, a ⓒsmaller percentage of their refute their conclusions. More important, though, it
offspring survive to then (C)reproducing. A house makes it possible for other scientists (C)to use that
mouse can become a mother when she is just five data to construct new hypotheses and ⓒabandon
weeks old, (D)has four to ten pups per litter, and can new experiments. The assumption is that society as a
have a new litter every two months over the course whole will end up (D)knowing more if information is
of her approximately twelve-month life. However, the spread as ⓓwidely as (E)possible, rather than being
ⓓvast majority of her pups die young. In contrast, a limited to a few people. In a strict sense, every
chimp or elephant mother does not reproduce until scientist ⓔdepends on the work of other scientists.
she is at least twelve years old, and she gives birth *derive: 도출하다 **refute: 반박하다
to only one infant every five or six years over the
next thirty or so years. About half of these offspring 77. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두
(E)makes it to becoming ⓔparents. 고르면?77)
*ape: 유인원 **offspring: 자손 ***litter: 한 배에서 난 새끼
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
- 21 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic History, people often say, repeats itself. And looking
Bartlett asked people to listen to folktales from other at the historical records of the ancient civilizations,
countries and then ⓐrecall these stories at a later some things ⓐdo seem to happen (A)(only once /
date. As you might guess, unfamiliar stories ⓑwere repeatedly). Civilizations expand, get overextended,
not remembered as well as familiar stories. Surprisingly, and then ⓑcollapsing as in the cases of Rome, which
however, errors in memory were not (A)(random / went under in 476 AD, and the British Empire, which
systematic). Rather, subjects often rewrote similar parts (B)(thrived / fell apart) more than a thousand years
of the stories in their own minds — particularly the later in the post-World War II era. But is this always
parts ⓒthat made the (B)(most / least) sense to the case? If so, archaeology ⓒwould be pretty boring;
them. Bartlett concluded that when facing problems, one thing would happen again and again. But that’s
humans ⓓdrawing upon mental schemata, or shelves not what archaeologists see. Some civilizations end
of stored knowledge in our brains, to fill in any suddenly, like the Aztec and Inca, ⓓwere conquered
minor gaps in our memories. Therefore, remembering by invaders in the 1520s AD. Those empires never
is an imaginative process that ⓔinvolve (C)(building had the chance ⓔto collapse as a result of
upon / leaving out) past experiences. (C)(invasion / overexpansion). So in the case of
*folktale: 민간 설화 civilizations, “history repeats itself” seems to be an
oversimplification.
79. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 모두 *archaeology: 고고학 **invader: 침입자 ***empire: 제국
고르면?79)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 81. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 모두
고르면?81)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
80. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 82. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?80) 바르게 연결된 것은?82)
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)
① random least leaving out ① only once thrived invasion
② systematic most leaving out ② only once fell apart overexpansion
③ systematic least building upon ③ repeatedly fell apart invasion
④ random least building upon ④ repeatedly fell apart overexpansion
⑤ random most building upon ⑤ repeatedly thrived overexpansion
- 22 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is (A)To monitor our surroundings is to focus on
the internationally ⓐrecognized pioneer of the what’s outside of ourselves: (B)what we see, hear,
concept of “growth mindset” as a way to continually smell, feel, and perhaps even taste. But sometimes
grow, learn, and persevere in our efforts. Dweck found what really ⓐmarks a place is something less specific
that kids who are told they’re “smart” actually — a feeling within us. An interesting example emerged
underperform in future tasks, by choosing easier tasks from a study of subway passenger behavior. Researchers
to (A)(obtain / avoid) evidence that they are not trying to understand (C)why people sit where they sit
smart, ⓑthat Dweck calls having a “fixed mindset.” In or stand where they stand in subway and metro
contrast, Dweck found, kids who are praised not for trains ⓑexamined the factors that shape the way
their smarts but for their effort ⓒdevelops what (D)riders used and navigated that space in different
Dweck calls a “growth mindset.” They learn that their situations. One of their findings involved the reasons
effort is what led to their success, and if they many riders ⓒdislike to plant themselves close to the
ⓓcontinue to try, over time they’ll improve and train’s doors. Partly this was the obvious convenience
(B)(lose / achieve) more things. These kids end up of being able to exit more quickly. But it was shaped
taking on tougher things, and ⓔfeel better about partly by a more abstract sensation — the desire (E)to
themselves. “(C)(Emphasizing / Downplaying) effort gives avoid the sometimes ⓓcomfortable feeling of
a child a variable ⓕthat they can control,” Dweck has accidentally making eye contact with seated
explained. passengers. We can’t see feelings — but they’re very
*persevere: 인내하다 **variable: 변수 real, and they ⓔinfluence our experience of the
world.
83. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개
수는?83) 85. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개 고르면?85)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
84. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 86. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E)에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않
바르게 연결된 것은?84) 은 것을 모두 고르면?86)
(A) (B) (C) ① (A): 목적을 나타내는 부사적 용법의 to부정사이다.
① avoid achieve Emphasizing ② (B): 선행사를 포함하여 ‘~하는 것’이라는 의미를 지
② avoid achieve Downplaying 니는 관계대명사 what이다.
③ obtain achieve Emphasizing ③ (C): understand의 목적어인 의문사절을 이끄는 의
④ avoid lose Emphasizing 문사이다.
⑤ obtain lose Downplaying ④ (D): used의 목적어가 없는 불완전한 절의 형태로
the way를 수식하고 있으며, 앞에 목적격 관계
대명사가 생략되어 있다.
⑤ (E): 앞의 명사구 the desire를 수식하는 형용사적
용법의 to부정사이다.
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth
mammals. This means (A)(what / that) special nerve ⓐbias when humans communicate with one another.
endings on our faces, around the mouth and nose, In other words, when we’re listening to others or
trigger this reflex only when the facial region goes reading their words, our automatic assumption is that
under water. If we are in the water, with our head the other person is telling the ⓑtruth. This usually
out in the air, there is no diving reflex. But if we works out fine. If you ask someone where the
ⓐsink just our face in a bowl of water, while the restroom is located or (A)if it’s raining outside, you
whole of the rest of our body is in the dry air, the can safely assume (B)that most people will not lie in
diving reflex is triggered. It automatically closes down their responses. Imagine how ⓒeasy it would be to
the airway, ⓑincreasing the risk of (B)(being converse with someone if you (C)assumed that
swallowed / swallowing) water, and it ⓒnarrows the everything they were telling you (D)was false! Indeed,
small air-passages in the lungs. At the same time the questioning the truth of a statement and then
heart rate is slowed down to half speed and blood is (E)choosing not to believe it requires additional
shunted to the vital organs, (C)(protected / mental steps. For the most part, humans are
protecting) them from the effects of the brief ⓓstop “cognitive misers,” which means we typically don’t
in breathing. By contrast, if a chimpanzee or a gorilla expend ⓓless mental effort than seems necessary in
found (D)(it / itself) in water with its face below the a given situation. It makes sense then, (F)that when
surface, it would panic, its heart would ⓔslow down we see something online, even if it is fake, our
and it would quickly drown. default is to ⓔbelieve it, at least at first.
*reflex: 반사 **trigger: 유발하다 ***shunt: 방향을 돌리다 *expend: 들이다 **default: 기본값
87. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두 89. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두
고르면?87) 고르면?89)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ
유형 B
Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way The sun shone in the cloudless sky as Becky, a
(A)how we spend money, ⓐaltering the calculus of retired teacher, walked to the fruit market. Across
our financial decisions. When you buy something with town, Dana was riding a bus towards the museum for
cash, the purchase involves an actual ⓑprofit — your a job interview. Just before reaching her stop, Dana
wallet is literally lighter. Credit cards, however, make noticed (A)which the sky had suddenly darkened. Her
the purchase ⓒabstract, so that you don’t really feel heart ⓐsank — she had no umbrella. As she stepped
the downside of spending money. Brain-imaging off the bus next to the market, (B)that Becky had just
experiments suggest (B)that paying with credit cards finished shopping, raindrops began to fall.
actually ⓓincreases activity in the insula, a brain Dana felt panic. She didn’t want to show up to her
region associated with negative feelings. As George interview ⓑsoaked. She looked around but couldn’t
Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at Carnegie Mellon, find any stores nearby to buy an umbrella, and she
says, “The nature of credit cards ensures that your didn’t have time to search around. Just then, Becky
brain is anesthetized against the pain of payment.” approached her, holding an open umbrella in one
Spending money doesn’t feel bad, so you spend hand and a closed one in the other. “Take this,” she
more money. said with a smile. Dana’s eyes widened. “Are you
Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan sure?” Becky nodded. “I always carry an extra on
Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a rainy days.”
real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston Dana ⓒthanked her, took the umbrella, and opened
Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction were it. She saw a small card tied to the handle. It read:
informed (C)what they had to pay with cash; the “Cover each other.” She was ⓓtouched by the
other half (D)told they had to pay with credit cards. message. She hurried to the museum, arriving dry
Prelec and Simester then averaged the bids for the and comfortable, and performed well in her interview.
two different groups. It turns out that the average The Museum CEO was impressed by Dana and (C)was
credit card bid was twice as (E)high as the average offered her the Event Manager position, her dream
cash bid. When people used their credit cards, their job. Throughout the years ahead, she often thought
bids were much more reckless. They no longer felt back to Becky’s kind gesture.
the need to ⓔlimit their expenses. ⓔInspired by the memory, Dana created a museum
*calculus: 계산법 **anesthetize: 마비시키다 ***bid: 입찰 event called “Cover Each Other” with paintings of
people (D)supported others. She donated half of the
91. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 모 money from ticket sales to families who lost their
두 고르면?91) homes to natural disasters. Dana kept Becky’s
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) message framed in her office as a reminder (E)what
one kind gesture could change someone’s life. The
ⓕrudeness of one stranger had shaped her path, and
she made sure it continued to shape the world.
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
유형 C ┃6월 20번┃
유형 C ┃6월 18번┃
97. 다음 글의 주제로 알맞은 것은?97)
95. 다음 글의 주제로 알맞은 것은?95)
People often ask me, “What surprises you most
Dear Dog Owners, about habits?” One thing that continually astonishes
My name is Lily Paxton, and I’m the town’s Pet me is the degree to which we’re influenced by sheer
Program Coordinator. As part of our goal to make convenience. The amount of effort, time, or decision
the community more dog-friendly, we recently making required by an action has a huge influence
opened a new dog park. The park was designed to on habit formation. To a truly remarkable extent,
provide an enjoyable experience for both dogs and we’re more likely to do something if it’s convenient,
owners. There are big grassy areas where your dogs and less likely if it’s not. For this reason, we should
can run, jump, and play. We have separate spaces for pay close attention to the convenience of any activity
small dogs and big dogs, to ensure safety. You’ll also we want to make into a habit. Putting a wastebasket
find lots of benches and areas for resting and staying next to our front door made mail sorting slightly
cool. We hope you will have a wonderful time with more convenient, and I stopped procrastinating with
your dogs in this newly opened park. this chore. Many people report that they do a much
Regards, better job of staying close to distant family members
Lily Paxton, Pet Program Coordinator now that tools like group chats make it easy to stay
in touch.
① a request for more dog parks in the town
*sheer: 순전한 **procrastinate: 미루다
② a plan to improve shelter conditions for abandoned dogs
③ an announcement of stricter rules for owning a
① role of repetition in habit formation
dog in town
② reasons why habits are hard to change
④ an introduction to a newly opened dog park in the
③ importance of convenience in building habits
community
④ influence of technology on family relationships
⑤ a complaint about problems caused by dogs in the
⑤ how small changes can improve personal routines
community
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
세부 정보 파악 유형 C ┃6월 19번┃
118. 다음 글을 읽고 답할 수 없는 질문은?118)
유형 C ┃6월 18번┃ Maya waited in line to check in for her flight. Her
expectations about her European backpacking trip
117. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?117) were really high. She had been looking forward to
Dear Dog Owners, the trip for a year. She couldn’t wait to visit
My name is Lily Paxton, and I’m the town’s Pet museums in Madrid and see the Eiffel Tower at night
Program Coordinator. As part of our goal to make in Paris. As she stood in line, she could feel those
the community more dog-friendly, we recently experiences were finally so close. When she
opened a new dog park. The park was designed to approached the counter, the airline employee asked
provide an enjoyable experience for both dogs and to see her passport. Maya reached into her pocket
owners. There are big grassy areas where your dogs but felt nothing. She realized she had left her
can run, jump, and play. We have separate spaces for passport at home. Her plans were ruined. She was
small dogs and big dogs, to ensure safety. You’ll also heartbroken, knowing she could not board the flight
find lots of benches and areas for resting and staying and had to delay her dream trip.
cool. We hope you will have a wonderful time with
your dogs in this newly opened park. ① Where was Maya going on a backpacking trip?
Regards, ② How long had Maya been looking forward to the
Lily Paxton, Pet Program Coordinator trip?
③ Who was Maya supposed to travel with?
① A new dog park was opened to make the community ④ What did the airline employee ask Maya to do?
more dog-friendly. ⑤ Why couldn’t Maya board her flight?
② The park can offer a pleasant experience for
both dogs and their owners.
③ The park includes areas where dogs can enjoy
various physical activities.
④ The park lets dogs of all sizes share the same
play area to encourage socialization.
⑤ Visitors can find places in the park to rest and
stay cool.
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
① What do native New Guineans tend not to be ① Most entrepreneurs set prices too high for new
skilled at? products and services developed with significant
② How do native New Guineans train their children time and effort.
in the jungle? ② No entrepreneur hesitates to lower the price if it
③ What did Jared Diamond explain in depth in Guns, makes the product more appealing.
Germs, and Steel? ③ If entrepreneurs insist on excessively high prices,
④ Why doesn’t Jared Diamond have the same abilities their new businesses are likely to fail.
as native New Guineans? ④ Gaining market acceptance quickly is crucial when
⑤ What are native New Guineans able to do by launching a new product or service.
noticing slight changes in the jungle? ⑤ Once strong sales are secured, profits can be
maximized by raising prices.
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
147. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?147) 148. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?148)
Studies of experts provide insight into what it It is natural for people to observe happenings and
means to have _________________________________________. then seek explanations for why those happenings
Experts in a particular domain are people who have occurred. But sometimes the reasoning is wrong
deep, richly interconnected ideas about the world. because of one or more _____________________. One of
They are not just good thinkers or people who are these is the ecological fallacy, where an argument
exceptionally smart. Rather, experts have knowledge in claims that there is a causal relationship between two
a specific domain — such as chess, chemistry, or things merely because they occur together. For
tennis — and are not generalists. However, experts do example, in the 1950s it was found that crime rates
not just know “a bunch of facts.” In fact, having were the highest in neighborhoods where immigrants
expertise in a topic means that knowledge is were most numerous. Some people used this
organized into coherent frameworks, and the expert “co-occurrence” to argue that immigrants were a
understands the inter-relationship between facts and cause of crime. But a careful analysis of this situation
can distinguish which ideas are most central. This revealed that immigrants were forced to live in
kind of deep but organized understanding allows for neighborhoods where crime rates were already high;
greater flexibility in learning and facilitates application they could not afford more expensive housing in
across multiple contexts. safer neighborhoods. Immigrants themselves committed
*coherent: 일관성 있는 very few of the crimes. Unless you analyze the claim
carefully, you would misinterpret the relationship and
① hands-on experience thereby construct a faulty belief. *immigrant: 이민자
② adaptable communication skills
③ deep and flexible understanding ① proofs ② purposes ③ prejudices
④ conventional and conservative ideas ④ experiences ⑤ misconceptions
⑤ common sense and broad knowledge
유형 C ┃6월 31번┃
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
150. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?150) 151. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?151)
Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of In most respects, humans are one of a relatively
time and effort in creating and launching new small number of species that evolved a very different
products and services and then make the mistake of strategy of investing more energy to reproduce more
overpricing them. They have created something they slowly. Like apes and elephants, we mature at a
care deeply about, it’s theirs, and this powerful sense leisurely pace, grow large bodies, and have few
of ownership distorts their perception of value which babies but devote much time and energy to raising
causes them to overprice their products. While many them well. This unusual strategy succeeds because
of them are quick to realize that their initial prices while apes and elephants produce fewer babies than
are too high, not all these people are happy or mice, a larger percentage of their offspring survive to
willing to drop their prices to make their products then reproduce. A house mouse can become a
more attractive. And this can be a very costly mistake mother when she is just five weeks old, has four to
that may lead to the failure of their new business. ten pups per litter, and can have a new litter every
When you launch a new product or service, your two months over the course of her approximately
priority should be to get sufficient market adoption twelve-month life. However, the vast majority of her
as soon as possible and you should be ready to pups die young. In contrast, a chimp or elephant
sacrifice your initial prices and profits to achieve this mother does not reproduce until she is at least
aim. Once you have _________________________, you can twelve years old, and she gives birth to only one
increase your prices to maximize your profits. infant every five or six years over the next thirty or
*entrepreneur: 기업가 **tremendous: 엄청난 so years. About half of these offspring make it to
____________________________.
① substantial capital *ape: 유인원 **offspring: 자손 ***litter: 한 배에서 난 새끼
② skilled salespeople
③ strong sales volumes ① evolving
④ an experienced marketer ② becoming parents
⑤ a large-scale production facility ③ beating rival groups
④ becoming independent of their parents
⑤ dispersing from their original environments
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
152. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?152) 154. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?154)
When scientists make an important new discovery History, people often say, repeats itself. And looking
or experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do at the historical records of the ancient civilizations,
not, in general, keep that information to themselves some things do seem to happen again and again.
so that they alone can consider its meaning and Civilizations expand, get overextended, and then
derive additional theories from it. Instead, they collapse as in the cases of Rome, which went under in
______________________ and make their data available for 476 AD, and the British Empire, which fell apart more
inspection. This makes it possible for other scientists than a thousand years later in the post-World War II
to reconsider their data and possibly refute their era. But is this always the case? If so, archaeology
conclusions. More important, though, it makes it would be pretty boring; one thing would happen again
possible for other scientists to use that data to and again. But that’s not what archaeologists see.
construct new hypotheses and perform new Some civilizations end suddenly, like the Aztec and
experiments. The assumption is that society as a Inca, conquered by invaders in the 1520s AD. Those
whole will end up knowing more if information is empires never had the chance to collapse as a result
spread as widely as possible, rather than being of overexpansion. So in the case of civilizations,
limited to a few people. In a strict sense, every “history repeats itself” seems to be a(n) _____________.
scientist depends on the work of other scientists. *archaeology: 고고학 **invader: 침입자 ***empire: 제국
*derive: 도출하다 **refute: 반박하다
① prediction ② confirmation ③ overestimation
① quit the research ④ regulation ⑤ oversimplification
② publish their results
③ formulate a new hypothesis
④ independently review their results
⑤ consult data from other researchers
유형 C ┃6월 35번┃
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유형 C
155. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?155) 156. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?156)
Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is To monitor our surroundings is to focus on what’s
the internationally recognized pioneer of the concept outside of ourselves: what we see, hear, smell, feel,
of “growth mindset” as a way to continually grow, and perhaps even taste. But sometimes what really
learn, and persevere in our efforts. Dweck found that marks a place is something less specific —
kids who are told they’re “smart” actually _________________________________. An interesting example
_____________________________________________, by choosing emerged from a study of subway passenger behavior.
easier tasks to avoid evidence that they are not Researchers trying to understand why people sit
smart, which Dweck calls having a “fixed mindset.” In where they sit or stand where they stand in subway
contrast, Dweck found, kids who are praised not for and metro trains examined the factors that shape the
their smarts but for their effort develop what Dweck way riders used and navigated that space in different
calls a “growth mindset.” They learn that their effort situations. One of their findings involved the reasons
is what led to their success, and if they continue to many riders like to plant themselves close to the
try, over time they’ll improve and achieve more train’s doors. Partly this was the obvious convenience
things. These kids end up taking on tougher things, of being able to exit more quickly. But it was shaped
and feel better about themselves. “Emphasizing effort partly by a more abstract sensation — the desire to
gives a child a variable that they can control,” Dweck avoid the sometimes uncomfortable feeling of
has explained. accidentally making eye contact with seated
*persevere: 인내하다 **variable: 변수 passengers. We can’t see feelings — but they’re very
real, and they influence our experience of the world.
① show greater improvement over time
② outperform expectations in future tasks ① an architectural detail
③ achieve lower results in upcoming activities ② a loud and distracting noise
④ ignore feedback and excel in later challenges ③ a subtle emotional impression
⑤ become discouraged despite their growing abilities ④ a route we memorize every day
⑤ a sensation that is tied to sight
- 53 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
157. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 말로 연 158. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?158)
결된 것은?157)
There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth
We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine bias when humans communicate with one another. In
mammals. This means that special nerve endings on other words, when we’re listening to others or
our faces, around the mouth and nose, trigger this reading their words, our automatic assumption is that
reflex only when the facial region goes under water. _______________________________________. This usually works
If we are in the water, with our head out in the air, out fine. If you ask someone where the restroom is
there is no diving reflex. (A)______________ if we sink located or if it’s raining outside, you can safely
just our face in a bowl of water, while the whole of assume that most people will not lie in their
the rest of our body is in the dry air, the diving responses. Imagine how difficult it would be to
reflex is triggered. It automatically closes down the converse with someone if you assumed that
airway, reducing the risk of swallowing water, and it everything they were telling you was false! Indeed,
narrows the small air-passages in the lungs. At the questioning the truth of a statement and then
same time the heart rate is slowed down to half choosing not to believe it requires additional mental
speed and blood is shunted to the vital organs, steps. For the most part, humans are “cognitive
protecting them from the effects of the brief stop in misers,” which means we typically don’t expend more
breathing. (B)________________________, if a chimpanzee mental effort than seems necessary in a given
or a gorilla found itself in water with its face below situation. It makes sense then, that when we see
the surface, it would panic, its heart would race and something online, even if it is fake, our default is to
it would quickly drown. believe it, at least at first.
*reflex: 반사 **trigger: 유발하다 ***shunt: 방향을 돌리다 *expend: 들이다 **default: 기본값
- 54 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
159. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?159) 160. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 말로 연
결된 것은?160)
Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way
we spend money, altering the calculus of our financial The sun shone in the cloudless sky as Becky, a
decisions. When you buy something with cash, the retired teacher, walked to the fruit market. Across
purchase involves an actual loss — your wallet is town, Dana was riding a bus towards the museum for
literally lighter. Credit cards, however, make the a job interview. Just before reaching her stop, Dana
purchase abstract, so that you don’t really feel the noticed the sky had suddenly darkened. Her heart
downside of spending money. Brain-imaging sank — she had no umbrella. As she stepped off the
experiments suggest that paying with credit cards bus next to the market, where Becky had just finished
actually reduces activity in the insula, a brain region shopping, raindrops began to fall. Dana felt
associated with negative feelings. As George (A)_______________. She didn’t want to show up to her
Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at Carnegie Mellon, interview soaked. She looked around but couldn’t find
says, “The nature of credit cards ensures that your any stores nearby to buy an umbrella, and she didn’t
brain is anesthetized against the pain of payment.” have time to search around. Just then, Becky
Spending money doesn’t feel bad, so you spend approached her, holding an open umbrella in one
more money. hand and a closed one in the other. “Take this,” she
Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan said with a smile. Dana’s eyes widened. “Are you
Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a sure?” Becky nodded. “I always carry an extra on
real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston rainy days.” Dana thanked her, took the umbrella, and
Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction were opened it. She saw a small card tied to the handle. It
informed that they had to pay with cash; the other read: “Cover each other.” She was touched by the
half were told they had to pay with credit cards. message. She hurried to the museum, arriving dry
Prelec and Simester then averaged the bids for the and comfortable, and performed well in her interview.
two different groups. It turns out that _________________ The Museum CEO was impressed by Dana and
____________________________________________________________. offered her the Event Manager position, her dream
When people used their credit cards, their bids were job. Throughout the years ahead, she often thought
much more reckless. They no longer felt the need to back to Becky’s (B)______________________. Inspired by
limit their expenses. the memory, Dana created a museum event called
*calculus: 계산법 **anesthetize: 마비시키다 ***bid: 입찰 “Cover Each Other” with paintings of people
supporting others. She donated half of the money
① all participants were given free tickets regardless from ticket sales to families who lost their homes to
of bid results natural disasters. Dana kept Becky’s message framed
② cash users were instructed to bid more aggressively in her office as a reminder that one kind gesture
than card users could change someone’s life. The kindness of one
③ the difference between cash and card bids was stranger had shaped her path, and she made sure it
barely noticeable continued to shape the world.
④ the use of credit cards led to more generous *soaked: 흠뻑 젖은
bidding behavior
⑤ card users declined to reveal their bid amounts (A) (B)
during the experiment ① anxiety rude behavior
② unease generous offer
③ relief thoughtful act
④ dread cold response
⑤ boredom compassionate action
- 55 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
- 56 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
163. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?163) 164. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?164)
People often ask me, “What surprises you most It is common sense that people’s inner beliefs may
about habits?” One thing that continually astonishes drive their external behavior. If you’re attracted to a
me is the degree to which we’re influenced by sheer certain person, you should be more likely to socialize
convenience. The amount of effort, time, or decision with that person. If you favor a brand of toothpaste,
making required by an action has a huge influence on you’re more likely to buy it. Of course, our internal
habit formation. To a truly remarkable extent, we’re thoughts don’t always predict our public behavior,
more likely to do something if it’s convenient, and less but, overall, what we do obviously reflects what we
likely if it’s not. For this reason, we should _____________ think. But beliefs and behaviors are also related in a
____________________________________________________. Putting more remarkable way. It turns out that _______________
a wastebasket next to our front door made mail ___________________________________. As social psychologist
sorting slightly more convenient, and I stopped David Myers observes, “If social psychology has
procrastinating with this chore. Many people report taught us anything during the last 25 years, it is that
that they do a much better job of staying close to we are likely not only to think ourselves into a way
distant family members now that tools like group of acting but also to act ourselves into a way of
chats make it easy to stay in touch. thinking.”
*sheer: 순전한 **procrastinate: 미루다
① the influence flows only one way
① change our daily routines completely to form new ② behavior often occurs independently of beliefs
habits ③ not all behavior is planned; some is unconscious
② focus more on the time spent performing various ④ the arrow is as likely to point in the reverse
activities direction
③ rely solely on motivation without considering other ⑤ social contexts determine behavior more than thoughts
factors
④ avoid being influenced by external factors when
trying to develop habits
⑤ pay close attention to the convenience of any
activity we want to make into a habit
- 57 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
165. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?165) 166. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?166)
Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow into Science is concerned with accumulating and
daily life. Challenge yourself to spend an entire day understanding observations of the physical world.
saying only what you absolutely must say. It’s been That understanding alone solves no problems.
widely observed by behavioral psychology experts — Individual people have to act on that understanding
and anyone who’s ever been on a first date — that for it to help solve problems. For instance, science
we too often tend to treat “conversation” as a game has found that regular exercise can lower your risk of
of waiting for our own turn to speak. We miss what’s heart disease. Knowing this fact is interesting, but it
being said because we’re mentally rehearsing our next will do nothing for your personal health unless you
utterance. What if you could eliminate the idea that act on it and actually exercise. And that’s the hard
the next available mini-silence is your next opening part. Reading an article about exercise is easy.
to express whatever is in your head? What if you Getting into an actual routine of regular exercise is
were limited to, say, fifty spoken words tomorrow? I harder. In this sense, science really solves no
think you’d listen quite differently. You’d attend quite problems at all. Problems are only solved when ______
carefully to every word you heard. You’d be attuned ___________________________________________________. In fact,
to what you must respond to. You might discover many of humanity’s biggest problems are caused by
that ______________________________________________________. lack of action, and not lack of knowledge.
*vow: 서약 **utterance: 발언 ***attune: 맞추다 *accumulate: 축적하다
① the less you say, the more you hear ① everyone agrees with scientific knowledge
② conversation thrives on mutual interruptions ② an original solution, unlike any existing ones, is
③ silence often hides how little people truly care offered
④ most people prefer expressing themselves over ③ knowledge alone is sufficient without the need for
listening action
⑤ long silence creates unnecessary discomfort in ④ science provides endless information but no clear
conversations answers
⑤ people take the knowledge provided by science
and use it
- 58 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
167. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?167) 168. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?168)
We think we’re being logical, objective, and rational Edward O. Wilson was born in Birmingham,
— and therefore accurate in our analysis, judgment, Alabama, in 1929. In his early childhood, he became
and decisions. So we think that if other people are interested in nature and spent much time in the
logical, objective, and rational, they will agree with us outdoors. At age seven, he was partially blinded in a
and see what we see. But the opposite is the case. fishing accident; his reduced sight led Wilson to the
Every human brain is different. Everyone’s life study of ants. He could not observe larger animals
experience is different. Everyone’s desires and from a distance. Instead, ________________________________
knowledge are different. You might think _____________ _____________________________. After studying evolutionary
___________________________________, but that’s impossible. biology at the University of Alabama, Wilson
It’s only your interpretation of reality, which will transferred to Harvard University, where he became a
always be different from someone else’s. When two professor in 1956. He never received a Nobel Prize —
nations play each other in the World Cup, the fans the prize didn’t recognize research in the field of
of each country criticize the referees for missing all evolutionary biology. However, he was awarded the
the infractions that the other team commits. Without Crafoord Prize in 1990. Wilson, known to some as
fail, each fan base believes that the referees are the “modern-day Darwin”, died at the age of 92 in
biased against their team. Massachusetts.
*infraction: 위반
① he lost all interest in animals and nature
① your judgment is always biased by emotions ② he traveled the world to observe large mammals
② everyone has a different perspective on reality in nature
③ your perception can never be trusted by others ③ he stopped going outdoors and focused on indoor
④ you’re being realistic, meaning your ideas match hobbies
reality ④ he concentrated on smaller creatures he could
⑤ excessive expectations of reality may interfere study up close
with true happiness ⑤ he moved into the field of developing technology
to improve his vision
- 59 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
169. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?169) 170. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?170)
Studies of experts provide insight into what it It is natural for people to observe happenings and
means to have deep and flexible understanding. then seek explanations for why those happenings
Experts in a particular domain are people who have occurred. But sometimes the reasoning is wrong
deep, richly interconnected ideas about the world. because of one or more misconceptions. One of
They are not just good thinkers or people who are these is the ecological fallacy, where an argument
exceptionally smart. Rather, experts have knowledge in claims that there is a causal relationship between two
a specific domain — such as chess, chemistry, or things merely because ________________________________.
tennis — and are not generalists. However, experts do For example, in the 1950s it was found that crime
not just know “a bunch of facts.” In fact, having rates were the highest in neighborhoods where
expertise in a topic means that knowledge is immigrants were most numerous. Some people used
organized into coherent frameworks, and the expert this “co-occurrence” to argue that immigrants were a
_______________________________________________________ and cause of crime. But a careful analysis of this situation
can distinguish which ideas are most central. This revealed that immigrants were forced to live in
kind of deep but organized understanding allows for neighborhoods where crime rates were already high;
greater flexibility in learning and facilitates application they could not afford more expensive housing in
across multiple contexts. safer neighborhoods. Immigrants themselves
*coherent: 일관성 있는 committed very few of the crimes. Unless you analyze
the claim carefully, you would misinterpret the
① gains experience in many ways relationship and thereby construct a faulty belief.
② evaluates the ideas of non-experts *immigrant: 이민자
③ emphasizes the superiority of his field
④ competes with other experts in his domain ① they look similar
⑤ understands the inter-relationship between facts ② the observer dislikes them
③ they happen simultaneously
④ the observer is familiar with them
⑤ both are recent social phenomena
- 60 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
171. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?171) 172. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?172)
In everyday life, we use previous experience to Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of
_________________________________________________. Different time and effort in creating and launching new
environments create different expectations. This was products and services and then make the mistake of
profoundly illustrated by the scientist Jared Diamond overpricing them. They have created something they
in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel. He describes an care deeply about, it’s theirs, and this powerful sense
adventure wandering through the New Guinea jungle of ownership distorts their perception of value which
with native New Guineans. He relates that these causes them to overprice their products. While many
natives tend to perform poorly at tasks Westerners of them are quick to realize that their initial prices
have been trained to do since childhood. But they are too high, not all these people are happy or
are hardly stupid. They can detect the most subtle willing to ______________________ to make their products
changes in the jungle, good for following the tracks more attractive. And this can be a very costly mistake
of a predator or for finding the way back home. that may lead to the failure of their new business.
They know which insects to leave alone, know where When you launch a new product or service, your
food exists, can build and tear down shelters with priority should be to get sufficient market adoption
ease. Diamond, who had never spent time in such as soon as possible and you should be ready to
places, has no ability to pay attention to these things. sacrifice your initial prices and profits to achieve this
Were he to be tested on such tasks, he also would aim. Once you have strong sales volumes, you can
perform poorly. increase your prices to maximize your profits.
*profoundly: 심오하게 **subtle: 미묘한 *entrepreneur: 기업가 **tremendous: 엄청난
- 61 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
173. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?173) 174. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?174)
In most respects, humans are one of a relatively When scientists make an important new discovery
small number of species that evolved a very different or experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do
strategy of investing more energy to reproduce more not, in general, __________________________________________
slowly. Like apes and elephants, we mature at a so that they alone can consider its meaning and
leisurely pace, grow large bodies, and _________________ derive additional theories from it. Instead, they
____________________________________________________________ publish their results and make their data available for
____________________________________________. This unusual inspection. This makes it possible for other scientists
strategy succeeds because while apes and elephants to reconsider their data and possibly refute their
produce fewer babies than mice, a larger percentage conclusions. More important, though, it makes it
of their offspring survive to then reproduce. A house possible for other scientists to use that data to
mouse can become a mother when she is just five construct new hypotheses and perform new
weeks old, has four to ten pups per litter, and can experiments. The assumption is that society as a
have a new litter every two months over the course whole will end up knowing more if information is
of her approximately twelve-month life. However, the spread as widely as possible, rather than being
vast majority of her pups die young. In contrast, a limited to a few people. In a strict sense, every
chimp or elephant mother does not reproduce until scientist depends on the work of other scientists.
she is at least twelve years old, and she gives birth *derive: 도출하다 **refute: 반박하다
to only one infant every five or six years over the
next thirty or so years. About half of these offspring ① base their work on prior research
make it to becoming parents. ② keep that information to themselves
*ape: 유인원 **offspring: 자손 ***litter: 한 배에서 난 새끼 ③ doubt the accuracy of that information
④ prioritize the economic value of their findings
① compete with others in many areas of life ⑤ ignore the existing research of other scientists
② occupy the top position in the food chain
③ form groups with like-minded individuals and cooperate
④ have few babies but devote much time and energy
to raising them well
⑤ adapt our reproductive behavior to our natural
and social environments
- 62 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
175. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?175) 176. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?176)
In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic History, people often say, repeats itself. And looking
Bartlett asked people to listen to folktales from other at the historical records of the ancient civilizations,
countries and then recall these stories at a later date. some things do seem to happen again and again.
As you might guess, unfamiliar stories were not Civilizations expand, get overextended, and then
remembered as well as familiar stories. Surprisingly, collapse as in the cases of Rome, which went under
however, errors in memory were not random. Rather, in 476 AD, and the British Empire, which fell apart
subjects often rewrote similar parts of the stories in more than a thousand years later in the post-World
their own minds — particularly the parts that made War II era. But is this always the case? If so,
the least sense to them. Bartlett concluded that when archaeology would be pretty boring; one thing would
facing problems, humans draw upon mental schemata, happen again and again. But that’s not what
or shelves of stored knowledge in our brains, to _____ archaeologists see. ______________________________________,
________________________________________________. Therefore, like the Aztec and Inca, conquered by invaders in the
remembering is an imaginative process that involves 1520s AD. Those empires never had the chance to
building upon past experiences. collapse as a result of overexpansion. So in the case
*folktale: 민간 설화 of civilizations, “history repeats itself” seems to be an
oversimplification.
① make up an interesting story *archaeology: 고고학 **invader: 침입자 ***empire: 제국
② demonstrate a good memory
③ assess others’ intellectual ability ① Some civilizations prosper despite overextension
④ come up with a reasonable solution ② Some empires fell after centuries of slow decline
⑤ fill in any minor gaps in our memories ③ Most empires followed the same pattern of decline
④ Some civilizations experience an abrupt and external
end
⑤ Most civilizations collapse after long periods of
overextension
- 63 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
177. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?177) 178. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?178)
Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is To monitor our surroundings is to focus on what’s
the internationally recognized pioneer of the concept outside of ourselves: what we see, hear, smell, feel,
of “growth mindset” as a way to continually grow, and perhaps even taste. But sometimes what really
learn, and persevere in our efforts. Dweck found that marks a place is something less specific — a feeling
kids who are told they’re “smart” actually underperform within us. An interesting example emerged from a
in future tasks, by choosing easier tasks to avoid study of subway passenger behavior. Researchers
evidence that they are not smart, which Dweck calls trying to understand why people sit where they sit or
having a “fixed mindset.” In contrast, Dweck found, stand where they stand in subway and metro trains
kids who are praised not for their smarts but for examined the factors that shape the way riders used
their effort develop what Dweck calls a “growth and navigated that space in different situations. One
mindset.” They learn that _______________________________ of their findings involved the reasons many riders like
____________________, and if they continue to try, over to plant themselves close to the train’s doors. Partly
time they’ll improve and achieve more things. These this was the obvious convenience of being able to
kids end up taking on tougher things, and feel better exit more quickly. But it was shaped partly by a more
about themselves. “Emphasizing effort gives a child a abstract sensation — the desire to avoid the
variable that they can control,” Dweck has explained. sometimes uncomfortable feeling of accidentally making
*persevere: 인내하다 **variable: 변수 eye contact with seated passengers. We can’t see
feelings — but they’re very real, and ___________________
① natural talent guarantees success ___________________________.
② intelligence matters more than effort
③ praise makes them feel more confident ① they are only relevant in private situations
④ trying harder ends up complicating things ② they affect how we perceive people around us
⑤ their endeavor made their achievement possible ③ they encourage eye contact and social bonding
④ they guide our responses to different environments
⑤ they are best controlled through logical reasoning
- 64 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
179. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?179) 180. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?180)
We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth
mammals. This means that special nerve endings on bias when humans communicate with one another. In
our faces, around the mouth and nose, trigger this other words, when we’re listening to others or
reflex only when the facial region goes under water. reading their words, our automatic assumption is that
If we are in the water, with our head out in the air, the other person is telling the truth. This usually
there is no diving reflex. But if we sink just our face works out fine. If you ask someone where the
in a bowl of water, while the whole of the rest of restroom is located or if it’s raining outside, you can
our body is in the dry air, the diving reflex is safely assume that most people will not lie in their
triggered. ________________________________________________, responses. Imagine how difficult it would be to
reducing the risk of swallowing water, and it narrows converse with someone if you assumed that
the small air-passages in the lungs. At the same time everything they were telling you was false! Indeed,
the heart rate is slowed down to half speed and questioning the truth of a statement and then
blood is shunted to the vital organs, protecting them choosing not to believe it requires additional mental
from the effects of the brief stop in breathing. By steps. For the most part, humans are “cognitive
contrast, if a chimpanzee or a gorilla found itself in misers,” which means ____________________________________
water with its face below the surface, it would panic, __________________________________________________________.
its heart would race and it would quickly drown. It makes sense then, that when we see something
*reflex: 반사 **trigger: 유발하다 ***shunt: 방향을 돌리다 online, even if it is fake, our default is to believe it,
at least at first.
① It triggers the airway to close reflexively *expend: 들이다 **default: 기본값
② It warms the body to adjust to cold water
③ It increases airflow to help breathing underwater ① we try to take the hardest mental route in most
④ It allows us to stay calm when submerged in water situations
⑤ It automatically provokes panic to prepare for escape ② we prefer to evaluate information in great detail
all the time
③ we have a tendency to conserve mental energy
whenever we can
④ we usually avoid accepting information without any
further analysis
⑤ we instinctively question all the statements thoroughly
before believing them
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
181. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?181) 182. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?182)
Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way The sun shone in the cloudless sky as Becky, a
we spend money, altering the calculus of our financial retired teacher, walked to the fruit market. Across
decisions. When you buy something with cash, the town, Dana was riding a bus towards the museum for
purchase involves an actual loss — your wallet is a job interview. Just before reaching her stop, Dana
literally lighter. Credit cards, however, make the noticed the sky had suddenly darkened. Her heart
purchase abstract, so that _______________________________ sank — she had no umbrella. As she stepped off the
____________________________________________. Brain-imaging bus next to the market, where Becky had just finished
experiments suggest that paying with credit cards shopping, raindrops began to fall. Dana felt panic.
actually reduces activity in the insula, a brain region She didn’t want to show up to her interview soaked.
associated with negative feelings. As George She looked around but couldn’t find any stores
Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at Carnegie Mellon, nearby to buy an umbrella, and she didn’t have time
says, “The nature of credit cards ensures that your to search around. Just then, Becky approached her,
brain is anesthetized against the pain of payment.” holding an open umbrella in one hand and a closed
Spending money doesn’t feel bad, so you spend one in the other. “Take this,” she said with a smile.
more money. Dana’s eyes widened. “Are you sure?” Becky nodded.
Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan “I always carry an extra on rainy days.” Dana thanked
Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a her, took the umbrella, and opened it. She saw a
real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston small card tied to the handle. It read: “Cover each
Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction were other.” She was touched by the message. She hurried
informed that they had to pay with cash; the other to the museum, arriving dry and comfortable, and
half were told they had to pay with credit cards. performed well in her interview. The Museum CEO
Prelec and Simester then averaged the bids for the was impressed by Dana and offered her the Event
two different groups. It turns out that the average Manager position, her dream job. Throughout the
credit card bid was twice as high as the average cash years ahead, she often thought back to Becky’s kind
bid. When people used their credit cards, their bids gesture. Inspired by the memory, Dana created a
were much more reckless. They no longer felt the museum event called “Cover Each Other” with
need to limit their expenses. paintings of people supporting others. She donated
*calculus: 계산법 **anesthetize: 마비시키다 ***bid: 입찰 half of the money from ticket sales to families who
lost their homes to natural disasters. Dana kept
① credit cards help you track your spending more Becky’s message framed in her office as a reminder
accurately that ______________________________________________________.
② spending money with a card dulls your perception The kindness of one stranger had shaped her path,
of financial loss and she made sure it continued to shape the world.
③ you learn to avoid the downside of overspending *soaked: 흠뻑 젖은
by using credit cards
④ spending with a card feels more psychologically ① helping others is more important than chasing success
painful than using cash ② strangers usually cannot be trusted in difficult
⑤ you definitely notice the negative impact of situations
spending when using a credit card ③ a single moment of kindness is rarely remembered
by anyone
④ kindness is often seen as a weakness in a competitive
world.
⑤ even a brief act of generosity can leave a deep
and lasting impression
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
함축 의미 추론 유형 C ┃6월 32번┃
- 67 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
- 68 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
유형 C ┃6월 22번┃
유형 C ┃6월 20번┃
190. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?190)
188. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?188) Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow into
People often ask me, “What surprises you most daily life. (A) Challenge yourself to spend an entire
about habits?” (A) One thing that continually astonishes day saying only what you absolutely must say. It’s
me is the degree to which we’re influenced by sheer been widely observed by behavioral psychology
convenience. (B) The amount of effort, time, or decision experts — and anyone who’s ever been on a first date
making required by an action has a huge influence on — that we too often tend to treat “conversation” as a
habit formation. To a truly remarkable extent, we’re game of waiting for our own turn to speak. (B) We
more likely to do something if it’s convenient, and less miss what’s being said because we’re mentally
likely if it’s not. (C) Moreover, some people argue that rehearsing our next utterance. (C) Nonverbal cues such
willpower is the most important factor in habit as facial expressions and gestures often convey more
formation, regardless of external conditions. (D) For this than spoken words. (D) What if you could eliminate
reason, we should pay close attention to the the idea that the next available mini-silence is your
convenience of any activity we want to make into a next opening to express whatever is in your head?
habit. Putting a wastebasket next to our front door What if you were limited to, say, fifty spoken words
made mail sorting slightly more convenient, and I tomorrow? I think you’d listen quite differently. You’d
stopped procrastinating with this chore. (E) Many attend quite carefully to every word you heard. You’d
people report that they do a much better job of be attuned to what you must respond to. (E) You
staying close to distant family members now that tools might discover that the less you say, the more you
like group chats make it easy to stay in touch. hear.
*sheer: 순전한 **procrastinate: 미루다 *vow: 서약 **utterance: 발언 ***attune: 맞추다
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
- 69 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
191. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?191) 193. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?193)
Studies of experts provide insight into what it Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is
means to have deep and flexible understanding. the internationally recognized pioneer of the concept
Experts in a particular domain are people who have of “growth mindset” as a way to continually grow,
deep, richly interconnected ideas about the world. learn, and persevere in our efforts. (A) Dweck found
They are not just good thinkers or people who are that kids who are told they’re “smart” actually
exceptionally smart. (A) Rather, experts have knowledge underperform in future tasks, by choosing easier tasks
in a specific domain — such as chess, chemistry, or to avoid evidence that they are not smart, which
tennis — and are not generalists. (B) Chess experts Dweck calls having a “fixed mindset.” (B) The teachers
analyze positions, develop a solid chess repertoire, who look after kids with a fixed mindset should
and provide insights into improving overall strategic portray challenges as fun and exciting. (C) In contrast,
understanding. (C) However, experts do not just know Dweck found, kids who are praised not for their
“a bunch of facts.” (D) In fact, having expertise in a smarts but for their effort develop what Dweck calls a
topic means that knowledge is organized into “growth mindset.” (D) They learn that their effort is
coherent frameworks, and the expert understands the what led to their success, and if they continue to try,
inter-relationship between facts and can distinguish over time they’ll improve and achieve more things. (E)
which ideas are most central. (E) This kind of deep These kids end up taking on tougher things, and feel
but organized understanding allows for greater better about themselves. “Emphasizing effort gives a
flexibility in learning and facilitates application across child a variable that they can control,” Dweck has
multiple contexts. explained.
*coherent: 일관성 있는 *persevere: 인내하다 **variable: 변수
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃6월 35번┃
- 70 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
194. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?194) 195. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?195)
To monitor our surroundings is to focus on what’s We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine
outside of ourselves: what we see, hear, smell, feel, mammals. This means that special nerve endings on
and perhaps even taste. But sometimes what really our faces, around the mouth and nose, trigger this
marks a place is something less specific — a feeling reflex only when the facial region goes under water.
within us. An interesting example emerged from a If we are in the water, with our head out in the air,
study of subway passenger behavior. (A) Researchers there is no diving reflex. (A) But if we sink just our
trying to understand why people sit where they sit or face in a bowl of water, while the whole of the rest
stand where they stand in subway and metro trains of our body is in the dry air, the diving reflex is
examined the factors that shape the way riders used triggered. (B) It automatically closes down the airway,
and navigated that space in different situations. (B) reducing the risk of swallowing water, and it narrows
One of their findings involved the reasons many the small air-passages in the lungs. (C) This
riders like to plant themselves close to the train’s narrowness occasionally causes the body to demand
doors. (C) By law, the doors are required to stay open more oxygen. (D) At the same time the heart rate is
for 20 seconds at each stop. (D) Partly this was the slowed down to half speed and blood is shunted to
obvious convenience of being able to exit more the vital organs, protecting them from the effects of
quickly. (E) But it was shaped partly by a more the brief stop in breathing. (E) By contrast, if a
abstract sensation — the desire to avoid the chimpanzee or a gorilla found itself in water with its
sometimes uncomfortable feeling of accidentally face below the surface, it would panic, its heart
making eye contact with seated passengers. We can’t would race and it would quickly drown.
see feelings — but they’re very real, and they *reflex: 반사 **trigger: 유발하다 ***shunt: 방향을 돌리다
influence our experience of the world.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
글의 순서 유형 C ┃6월 20번┃
유형 C ┃6월 19번┃
- 72 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
- 73 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
- 74 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
- 75 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
- 76 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
유형 C ┃6월 41~42번┃ 문장 삽입
- 77 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
214. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞 216. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞
은 곳은?214) 은 곳은?216)
And that’s the hard part. He could not observe larger animals from a distance.
Science is concerned with accumulating and Edward O. Wilson was born in Birmingham,
understanding observations of the physical world. (A) Alabama, in 1929. (A) In his early childhood, he
That understanding alone solves no problems. (B) became interested in nature and spent much time in
Individual people have to act on that understanding the outdoors. (B) At age seven, he was partially
for it to help solve problems. For instance, science blinded in a fishing accident; his reduced sight led
has found that regular exercise can lower your risk of Wilson to the study of ants. (C) Instead, he
heart disease. (C) Knowing this fact is interesting, but concentrated on smaller creatures he could study up
it will do nothing for your personal health unless you close. After studying evolutionary biology at the
act on it and actually exercise. (D) Reading an article University of Alabama, Wilson transferred to Harvard
about exercise is easy. Getting into an actual routine University, where he became a professor in 1956. (D)
of regular exercise is harder. In this sense, science He never received a Nobel Prize — the prize didn’t
really solves no problems at all. (E) Problems are only recognize research in the field of evolutionary
solved when people take the knowledge provided by biology. (E) However, he was awarded the Crafoord
science and use it. In fact, many of humanity’s Prize in 1990. Wilson, known to some as the
biggest problems are caused by lack of action, and “modern-day Darwin”, died at the age of 92 in
not lack of knowledge. *accumulate: 축적하다 Massachusetts.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃6월 24번┃
- 78 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
217. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞 218. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞
은 곳은?217) 은 곳은?218)
One of these is the ecological fallacy, where an Were he to be tested on such tasks, he also would
argument claims that there is a causal relationship perform poorly.
between two things merely because they occur
together. In everyday life, we use previous experience to
predict where we should pay attention. Different
It is natural for people to observe happenings and environments create different expectations. This was
then seek explanations for why those happenings profoundly illustrated by the scientist Jared Diamond
occurred. (A) But sometimes the reasoning is wrong in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel. (A) He describes
because of one or more misconceptions. (B) For an adventure wandering through the New Guinea
example, in the 1950s it was found that crime rates jungle with native New Guineans. (B) He relates that
were the highest in neighborhoods where immigrants these natives tend to perform poorly at tasks
were most numerous. (C) Some people used this Westerners have been trained to do since childhood.
“co-occurrence” to argue that immigrants were a (C) But they are hardly stupid. They can detect the
cause of crime. But a careful analysis of this situation most subtle changes in the jungle, good for following
revealed that immigrants were forced to live in the tracks of a predator or for finding the way back
neighborhoods where crime rates were already high; home. They know which insects to leave alone, know
they could not afford more expensive housing in where food exists, can build and tear down shelters
safer neighborhoods. (D) Immigrants themselves with ease. (D) Diamond, who had never spent time in
committed very few of the crimes. Unless you analyze such places, has no ability to pay attention to these
the claim carefully, you would misinterpret the things. (E)
relationship and thereby construct a faulty belief. (E) *profoundly: 심오하게 **subtle: 미묘한
*immigrant: 이민자
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
219. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞 220. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞
은 곳은?219) 은 곳은?220)
Once you have strong sales volumes, you can However, the vast majority of her pups die young.
increase your prices to maximize your profits.
In most respects, humans are one of a relatively
Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of small number of species that evolved a very different
time and effort in creating and launching new strategy of investing more energy to reproduce more
products and services and then make the mistake of slowly. (A) Like apes and elephants, we mature at a
overpricing them. (A) They have created something leisurely pace, grow large bodies, and have few
they care deeply about, it’s theirs, and this powerful babies but devote much time and energy to raising
sense of ownership distorts their perception of value them well. (B) This unusual strategy succeeds because
which causes them to overprice their products. (B) while apes and elephants produce fewer babies than
While many of them are quick to realize that their mice, a larger percentage of their offspring survive to
initial prices are too high, not all these people are then reproduce. (C) A house mouse can become a
happy or willing to drop their prices to make their mother when she is just five weeks old, has four to
products more attractive. (C) And this can be a very ten pups per litter, and can have a new litter every
costly mistake that may lead to the failure of their two months over the course of her approximately
new business. (D) When you launch a new product or twelve-month life. (D) In contrast, a chimp or
service, your priority should be to get sufficient elephant mother does not reproduce until she is at
market adoption as soon as possible and you should least twelve years old, and she gives birth to only
be ready to sacrifice your initial prices and profits to one infant every five or six years over the next thirty
achieve this aim. (E) or so years. (E) About half of these offspring make it
*entrepreneur: 기업가 **tremendous: 엄청난 to becoming parents.
*ape: 유인원 **offspring: 자손 ***litter: 한 배에서 난 새끼
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
- 80 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
221. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞 223. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞
은 곳은?221) 은 곳은?223)
This makes it possible for other scientists to Those empires never had the chance to collapse as
reconsider their data and possibly refute their a result of overexpansion.
conclusions.
History, people often say, repeats itself. And looking
When scientists make an important new discovery at the historical records of the ancient civilizations,
or experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do some things do seem to happen again and again.
not, in general, keep that information to themselves Civilizations expand, get overextended, and then
so that they alone can consider its meaning and collapse as in the cases of Rome, which went under
derive additional theories from it. (A) Instead, they in 476 AD, and the British Empire, which fell apart
publish their results and make their data available for more than a thousand years later in the post-World
inspection. (B) More important, though, it makes it War II era. (A) But is this always the case? (B) If so,
possible for other scientists to use that data to archaeology would be pretty boring; one thing would
construct new hypotheses and perform new happen again and again. (C) But that’s not what
experiments. (C) The assumption is that society as a archaeologists see. (D) Some civilizations end
whole will end up knowing more if information is suddenly, like the Aztec and Inca, conquered by
spread as widely as possible, rather than being invaders in the 1520s AD. (E) So in the case of
limited to a few people. (D) In a strict sense, every civilizations, “history repeats itself” seems to be an
scientist depends on the work of other scientists. (E) oversimplification.
*derive: 도출하다 **refute: 반박하다 *archaeology: 고고학 **invader: 침입자 ***empire: 제국
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
유형 C ┃6월 35번┃
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
224. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞 225. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞
은 곳은?224) 은 곳은?225)
They learn that their effort is what led to their In other words, when we’re listening to others or
success, and if they continue to try, over time reading their words, our automatic assumption is
they’ll improve and achieve more things. that the other person is telling the truth.
Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth
the internationally recognized pioneer of the concept bias when humans communicate with one another.
of “growth mindset” as a way to continually grow, (A) This usually works out fine. (B) If you ask someone
learn, and persevere in our efforts. (A) Dweck found where the restroom is located or if it’s raining
that kids who are told they’re “smart” actually outside, you can safely assume that most people will
underperform in future tasks, by choosing easier tasks not lie in their responses. (C) Imagine how difficult it
to avoid evidence that they are not smart, which would be to converse with someone if you assumed
Dweck calls having a “fixed mindset.” (B) In contrast, that everything they were telling you was false! (D)
Dweck found, kids who are praised not for their Indeed, questioning the truth of a statement and
smarts but for their effort develop what Dweck calls a then choosing not to believe it requires additional
“growth mindset.” (C) These kids end up taking on mental steps. (E) For the most part, humans are
tougher things, and feel better about themselves. (D) “cognitive misers,” which means we typically don’t
“Emphasizing effort gives a child a variable that they expend more mental effort than seems necessary in a
can control,” Dweck has explained. (E) given situation. It makes sense then, that when we
*persevere: 인내하다 **variable: 변수 see something online, even if it is fake, our default is
to believe it, at least at first.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) *expend: 들이다 **default: 기본값
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
- 83 -
예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
228. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 229. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?228) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?229)
Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow into Science is concerned with accumulating and
daily life. Challenge yourself to spend an entire day understanding observations of the physical world.
saying only what you absolutely must say. It’s been That understanding alone solves no problems.
widely observed by behavioral psychology experts — Individual people have to act on that understanding
and anyone who’s ever been on a first date — that for it to help solve problems. For instance, science
we too often tend to treat “conversation” as a game has found that regular exercise can lower your risk of
of waiting for our own turn to speak. We miss what’s heart disease. Knowing this fact is interesting, but it
being said because we’re mentally rehearsing our next will do nothing for your personal health unless you
utterance. What if you could eliminate the idea that act on it and actually exercise. And that’s the hard
the next available mini-silence is your next opening part. Reading an article about exercise is easy.
to express whatever is in your head? What if you Getting into an actual routine of regular exercise is
were limited to, say, fifty spoken words tomorrow? I harder. In this sense, science really solves no
think you’d listen quite differently. You’d attend quite problems at all. Problems are only solved when
carefully to every word you heard. You’d be attuned people take the knowledge provided by science and
to what you must respond to. You might discover use it. In fact, many of humanity’s biggest problems
that the less you say, the more you hear. are caused by lack of action, and not lack of
*vow: 서약 **utterance: 발언 ***attune: 맞추다 knowledge.
*accumulate: 축적하다
Ordinary conversations often serve as a mental
rehearsal for speaking, but (A)______________ how Science offers knowledge about the physical world,
much we talk can shift our focus to others’ words, but (A)______________ that knowledge is what truly
making us (B)______________ listeners. leads to problem-solving, since many issues remain
unsolved due to (B)______________ rather than
(A) (B) ignorance.
① ignoring attentive
② reducing inattentive (A) (B)
③ limiting good ① learning confusion
④ increasing indifferent ② implementing inaction
⑤ expanding distracted ③ discovering inexperience
④ learning inaction
⑤ implementing confusion
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
230. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 231. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?230) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?231)
We think we’re being logical, objective, and rational Studies of experts provide insight into what it
— and therefore accurate in our analysis, judgment, means to have deep and flexible understanding.
and decisions. So we think that if other people are Experts in a particular domain are people who have
logical, objective, and rational, they will agree with us deep, richly interconnected ideas about the world.
and see what we see. But the opposite is the case. They are not just good thinkers or people who are
Every human brain is different. Everyone’s life exceptionally smart. Rather, experts have knowledge in
experience is different. Everyone’s desires and a specific domain — such as chess, chemistry, or
knowledge are different. You might think you’re being tennis — and are not generalists. However, experts do
realistic — that is, that your ideas match reality, but not just know “a bunch of facts.” In fact, having
that’s impossible. It’s only your interpretation of expertise in a topic means that knowledge is
reality, which will always be different from someone organized into coherent frameworks, and the expert
else’s. When two nations play each other in the understands the inter-relationship between facts and
World Cup, the fans of each country criticize the can distinguish which ideas are most central. This
referees for missing all the infractions that the other kind of deep but organized understanding allows for
team commits. Without fail, each fan base believes greater flexibility in learning and facilitates application
that the referees are biased against their team. across multiple contexts.
*infraction: 위반 *coherent: 일관성 있는
People believe their views are logical and accurate, Experts possess deep, (A)______________, and flexible
but because everyone’s brain, experiences, and knowledge in a specific area, which enables them
knowledge differ, what we see as reality is only to apply their (B)______________ across various
(A)__________________, just like sports fans who see contexts.
referees as (B)__________________ when calls go
(A) (B)
against their team.
① diverse influence
② separate conviction
(A) (B)
③ scattered knowledge
① a fact fair
④ structured insights
② an interpretation neutral
⑤ systematic belief
③ a perception unfair
④ the truth unjust
⑤ a misunderstanding fair
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
232. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 233. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?232) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?233)
It is natural for people to observe happenings and Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of
then seek explanations for why those happenings time and effort in creating and launching new
occurred. But sometimes the reasoning is wrong products and services and then make the mistake of
because of one or more misconceptions. One of overpricing them. They have created something they
these is the ecological fallacy, where an argument care deeply about, it’s theirs, and this powerful sense
claims that there is a causal relationship between two of ownership distorts their perception of value which
things merely because they occur together. For causes them to overprice their products. While many
example, in the 1950s it was found that crime rates of them are quick to realize that their initial prices
were the highest in neighborhoods where immigrants are too high, not all these people are happy or
were most numerous. Some people used this willing to drop their prices to make their products
“co-occurrence” to argue that immigrants were a more attractive. And this can be a very costly mistake
cause of crime. But a careful analysis of this situation that may lead to the failure of their new business.
revealed that immigrants were forced to live in When you launch a new product or service, your
neighborhoods where crime rates were already high; priority should be to get sufficient market adoption
they could not afford more expensive housing in as soon as possible and you should be ready to
safer neighborhoods. Immigrants themselves sacrifice your initial prices and profits to achieve this
committed very few of the crimes. Unless you analyze aim. Once you have strong sales volumes, you can
the claim carefully, you would misinterpret the increase your prices to maximize your profits.
relationship and thereby construct a faulty belief. *entrepreneur: 기업가 **tremendous: 엄청난
*immigrant: 이민자
Emotional attachment often leads entrepreneurs to
When seeking causes for events, people can be overprice new products, which can (A)_____________
misled by (A)_________________ such as the ecological their business. However, the top priority is gaining
fallacy — mistaking co-occurrence for causation. In market adoption, so they must (B)_____________ prices
the 1950s, immigrants were (B)_________________ — even if it means sacrificing early profits.
associated with high crime rates, simply because
poverty forced them to live in high-crime areas. (A) (B)
① grow raise
(A) (B) ② expand drop
① happenings unfairly ③ threaten reduce
② connections correctly ④ endanger boost
③ relationships wrongly ⑤ jeopardize increase
④ misconceptions rightly
⑤ misunderstandings falsely
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
234. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 235. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?234) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?235)
When scientists make an important new discovery In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic
or experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do Bartlett asked people to listen to folktales from other
not, in general, keep that information to themselves countries and then recall these stories at a later date.
so that they alone can consider its meaning and As you might guess, unfamiliar stories were not
derive additional theories from it. Instead, they remembered as well as familiar stories. Surprisingly,
publish their results and make their data available for however, errors in memory were not random. Rather,
inspection. This makes it possible for other scientists subjects often rewrote similar parts of the stories in
to reconsider their data and possibly refute their their own minds — particularly the parts that made
conclusions. More important, though, it makes it the least sense to them. Bartlett concluded that when
possible for other scientists to use that data to facing problems, humans draw upon mental schemata,
construct new hypotheses and perform new or shelves of stored knowledge in our brains, to fill
experiments. The assumption is that society as a in any minor gaps in our memories. Therefore,
whole will end up knowing more if information is remembering is an imaginative process that involves
spread as widely as possible, rather than being building upon past experiences.
limited to a few people. In a strict sense, every *folktale: 민간 설화
scientist depends on the work of other scientists.
*derive: 도출하다 **refute: 반박하다 Bartlett found through story-recall experiments that
people reshape unclear memories using (A)__________
Scientists (A)____________ their findings so others can knowledge, showing that remembering is a creative,
verify, challenge, or build on them. This open (B)__________ process.
exchange helps science advance and benefits society
by (B)____________ access to knowledge. (A) (B)
① prior basic
(A) (B) ② general rebuilding
① share facilitating ③ existing complicated
② change broadening ④ previous reconstructive
③ disclose restricting ⑤ common fundamental
④ manipulate limiting
⑤ communicate controlling
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
236. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 237. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?236) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?237)
History, people often say, repeats itself. And looking Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is
at the historical records of the ancient civilizations, the internationally recognized pioneer of the concept
some things do seem to happen again and again. of “growth mindset” as a way to continually grow,
Civilizations expand, get overextended, and then learn, and persevere in our efforts. Dweck found that
collapse as in the cases of Rome, which went under kids who are told they’re “smart” actually
in 476 AD, and the British Empire, which fell apart underperform in future tasks, by choosing easier tasks
more than a thousand years later in the post-World to avoid evidence that they are not smart, which
War II era. But is this always the case? If so, Dweck calls having a “fixed mindset.” In contrast,
archaeology would be pretty boring; one thing would Dweck found, kids who are praised not for their
happen again and again. But that’s not what smarts but for their effort develop what Dweck calls a
archaeologists see. Some civilizations end suddenly, “growth mindset.” They learn that their effort is what
like the Aztec and Inca, conquered by invaders in the led to their success, and if they continue to try, over
1520s AD. Those empires never had the chance to time they’ll improve and achieve more things. These
collapse as a result of overexpansion. So in the case kids end up taking on tougher things, and feel better
of civilizations, “history repeats itself” seems to be an about themselves. “Emphasizing effort gives a child a
oversimplification. variable that they can control,” Dweck has explained.
*archaeology: 고고학 **invader: 침입자 ***empire: 제국 *persevere: 인내하다 **variable: 변수
(A)____________ collapse caused by outside forces Kids with a fixed mindset (A)____________ difficult
demonstrates that history does not always repeat tasks and underperform later while those with a
itself in (B)____________ ways. growth mindset keep trying and take on
(B)_______________________.
(A) (B)
① Abrupt predictable (A) (B)
② Gradual regular ① accept uncomplicated tasks
③ Sudden random ② evade challenging problems
④ Expected accidental ③ embrace tricky problems
⑤ Dramatic unexpected ④ avoid simple assignments
⑤ eliminate difficult projects
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
238. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 239. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?238) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?239)
To monitor our surroundings is to focus on what’s We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine
outside of ourselves: what we see, hear, smell, feel, mammals. This means that special nerve endings on
and perhaps even taste. But sometimes what really our faces, around the mouth and nose, trigger this
marks a place is something less specific — a feeling reflex only when the facial region goes under water.
within us. An interesting example emerged from a If we are in the water, with our head out in the air,
study of subway passenger behavior. Researchers there is no diving reflex. But if we sink just our face
trying to understand why people sit where they sit or in a bowl of water, while the whole of the rest of
stand where they stand in subway and metro trains our body is in the dry air, the diving reflex is
examined the factors that shape the way riders used triggered. It automatically closes down the airway,
and navigated that space in different situations. One reducing the risk of swallowing water, and it narrows
of their findings involved the reasons many riders like the small air-passages in the lungs. At the same time
to plant themselves close to the train’s doors. Partly the heart rate is slowed down to half speed and
this was the obvious convenience of being able to blood is shunted to the vital organs, protecting them
exit more quickly. But it was shaped partly by a more from the effects of the brief stop in breathing. By
abstract sensation — the desire to avoid the contrast, if a chimpanzee or a gorilla found itself in
sometimes uncomfortable feeling of accidentally water with its face below the surface, it would panic,
making eye contact with seated passengers. We can’t its heart would race and it would quickly drown.
see feelings — but they’re very real, and they *reflex: 반사 **trigger: 유발하다 ***shunt: 방향을 돌리다
influence our experience of the world.
The human diving reflex, which activates only when
We often observe our surroundings through our the face is (A)____________________, helps humans
(A)____________, but sometimes, feelings influence our survive in water, unlike apes that (B)____________________
(B)____________ decisions in daily life. such a response and may drown.
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 독해형
유형 C
240. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 241. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?240) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?241)
Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way The sun shone in the cloudless sky as Becky, a
we spend money, altering the calculus of our financial retired teacher, walked to the fruit market. Across
decisions. When you buy something with cash, the town, Dana was riding a bus towards the museum for
purchase involves an actual loss — your wallet is a job interview. Just before reaching her stop, Dana
literally lighter. Credit cards, however, make the noticed the sky had suddenly darkened. Her heart
purchase abstract, so that you don’t really feel the sank — she had no umbrella. As she stepped off the
downside of spending money. Brain-imaging bus next to the market, where Becky had just finished
experiments suggest that paying with credit cards shopping, raindrops began to fall. Dana felt panic.
actually reduces activity in the insula, a brain region She didn’t want to show up to her interview soaked.
associated with negative feelings. As George She looked around but couldn’t find any stores
Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at Carnegie Mellon, nearby to buy an umbrella, and she didn’t have time
to search around. Just then, Becky approached her,
says, “The nature of credit cards ensures that your
holding an open umbrella in one hand and a closed
brain is anesthetized against the pain of payment.”
one in the other. “Take this,” she said with a smile.
Spending money doesn’t feel bad, so you spend
Dana’s eyes widened. “Are you sure?” Becky nodded.
more money.
“I always carry an extra on rainy days.” Dana thanked
Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan
her, took the umbrella, and opened it. She saw a
Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a
small card tied to the handle. It read: “Cover each
real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston
other.” She was touched by the message. She hurried
Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction were
to the museum, arriving dry and comfortable, and
informed that they had to pay with cash; the other performed well in her interview. The Museum CEO
half were told they had to pay with credit cards. was impressed by Dana and offered her the Event
Prelec and Simester then averaged the bids for the Manager position, her dream job. Throughout the
two different groups. It turns out that the average years ahead, she often thought back to Becky’s kind
credit card bid was twice as high as the average cash gesture. Inspired by the memory, Dana created a
bid. When people used their credit cards, their bids museum event called “Cover Each Other” with
were much more reckless. They no longer felt the paintings of people supporting others. She donated
need to limit their expenses. half of the money from ticket sales to families who
*calculus: 계산법 **anesthetize: 마비시키다 ***bid: 입찰 lost their homes to natural disasters. Dana kept
Becky’s message framed in her office as a reminder
The (A)____________ nature of credit card payments that one kind gesture could change someone’s life.
weakens our emotional connection to money, The kindness of one stranger had shaped her path,
leading to (B)____________ spending as shown by and she made sure it continued to shape the world.
*soaked: 흠뻑 젖은
higher average bids in an experiment by Prelec and
Simester.
A stranger’s (A)____________ gesture on a rainy day
helped Dana land her dream job and inspired her
(A) (B)
to (B)____________ others in need.
① impersonal accurate
② abstract impulsive
(A) (B)
③ tangible thoughtful
① impolite serve
④ detached careless
② considerate support
⑤ concrete uncontrolled
③ selfish assist
④ generous criticize
⑤ thoughtful ignore
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
유형 순서 <조건>
주관식 서술형
⦁상관접속사 both A and B를 사용할 것
(영작, 배열, 고쳐 쓰기 등) ⦁<보기>의 단어를 사용할 것 (필요시 변형할 것)
⦁14단어로 영작할 것
대의 파악 · 요약문 완성
주관식 서술형
유형 D ┃6월 18번┃
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
보기 reflects / think / do
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
What if (1)______________________________________________
____________________________________ the next available
mini-silence (2)__________________________________________
_________________________________________ in your head?
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
ⓑ ______________________ → ______________________
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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유형 D
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2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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유형 D
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2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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예상문제 고1
2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 예상문제 서술형
유형 D
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ⓑ ______________________ → ______________________
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ⓐ _______________________________________________________
ⓑ _______________________________________________________
Imagine (1)______________________________________________
with someone if you (2)________________________________
_________________________________________________________!
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302. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓖ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 두 304. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록
개 골라 기호를 쓰고 알맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.302) <보기>의 단어 및 표현을 알맞게 배열하시오. (단,
명사절 접속사를 하나 추가할 것)304)
기호 알맞게 고친 표현
(1) ___________: _______________________________________ as / it / twice / turns / as / out /
보기 the average cash bid / high /
(2) ___________: _______________________________________ was / the average credit card bid
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<조건>
⦁(1)은 본문에서 찾아 알맞게 변형할 것
⦁(2)는 본문에서 찾아 한 단어로 쓸 것
⦁(3)은 지문의 연속된 두 단어를 찾아 쓸 것
(1) _________________
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and ______________ across various contexts. ______________, but their reasoning can be distorted
by ______________ like the ecological fallacy, which
leads to the false assumption that there is a(n)
______________ relationship between two things simply
because they occur ______________.
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Differences in ______________ and experience lead ______________ new products or services and sticking
people to create different ______________ about what to the ______________ prices can lead to ______________
to focus on, which in turn shapes the kinds of in business, so entrepreneurs should focus on
tasks they ______________ well. gaining enough market adoption first and then
consider ______________ prices after securing high
sales volumes.
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(3) ________________________
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functions.
Due to our tendency to avoid making more
______________ effort, we are naturally inclined to
______________ what others say, rather than ______________
it.
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동사(have)로 수일치 시킨 have been trained는 percentage of their offspring에 동사가 필요하므
적절하다. 로, 동사 역할을 할 수 있는 survive가 적절하다.
ⓒ ‘의문사(구)+to부정사’는 문장에서 명사구의 참고로, ’a ~ percentage of+명사(구)‘ 형태의 주
역할을 할 수 있으므로, 동사 know의 목적어 자 어는 of 뒤의 명사(구)에 동사의 수를 일치시키
리에서 의문사구 which insects에 이어져 ‘어떤 며, 단수형과 복수형이 같은 명사 offspring이 their
~를 …할지’라는 뜻의 ‘의문형용사(which)+명사 뒤에 복수형으로 쓰였으므로, 복수동사 survive로
+to부정사’를 이루는 to부정사 to leave는 적절 수일치 되었다.
하다. 32) ②
ⓔ 앞 절이 미래에 실현 가능성이 낮은 일을 가 33) ④: what → that (be동사 is의 보어 자리로, 뒤에 완
정하는 가정법 미래(If+S+were+to부정사 ~)가 전한 절(society as a whole will end ~ people)
도치되어 Were he to be tested ~로 쓰였으므 이 이어지고 있으므로 what을 명사절 접속사
로, ‘If+S+were+to부정사 ~, 주어+조동사 과거 that으로 고쳐야 한다.)
형+동사원형 …’ 형태의 가정법 미래를 사용해 ⓐ 흐름상 앞 절의 동사구 keep that information
주절에 ‘조동사 과거형+동사원형’인 would to themselves의 목적을 나타내는 내용이 되는
perform을 쓴 것은 적절하다. 완전한 절(they alone can consider ~ from it)이
28) ③ 이어지고 있으므로 ‘~하도록’이라는 뜻으로 목적
29) ④: attractively → attractive (make와 목적어 their 의 부사절을 이끄는 구접속사 so that은 적절하다.
products에 이어져 ‘make+목적어+목적격보어(~ ⓑ 주어 they의 두 번째 동사인 make와 목적어
를 …하게 만들다)’의 5형식 구문을 이루는 목적 their data에 이어져 ‘~을 …하게 만들다’라는 뜻
격보어 자리이며, 보어 자리에 부사는 쓸 수 없 의 ‘make+목적어+목적격보어(형용사)’ 구문을 이
으므로 비교급을 만드는 부사 more 뒤의 부사 루는 형용사 available은 적절하다.
attractively를 형용사 attractive로 고쳐야 한다.) ⓒ ‘make+가목적어(it)+목적격보어(형용사)+진목
(A) 복수명사구인 주어 Most entrepreneurs의 적어(의미상 주어(for+목적격)+to부정사구)’ 구문
첫 번째 동사인 put과 등위접속사 and로 병렬 을 이루는 to부정사구 내에서 to 뒤의 동사원형
연결된 복수동사 make는 적절하다. reconsider와 등위접속사 and로 병렬 연결되므
(B) 관계대명사 which가 이끄는 절의 동사 causes 로, 동사원형 refute는 적절하다. 참고로, 두 개
의 목적격보어 자리로, 동사 cause는 ‘~가 …하도 이상의 to부정사가 병렬 연결될 때 두 번째 to부
록 유발하다’라는 뜻의 5형식 구문에 쓰일 때 목적 정사부터 보통 to가 생략되므로, to consider와
격보어로 to부정사를 취하며, 뒤에 목적어 their 병렬 구조를 이루는 to부정사 to refute에서 to
products가 이어지므로 능동형 to부정사 to 가 생략된 것으로 볼 수도 있다.
overprice는 적절하다. ⓔ rather than 뒤에는 동명사(구)가 올 수 있으
(C) realize의 목적어 자리에서 완전한 절(their 며, 의미상 주어인 information이 제한되는 대상
initial prices are ~ high)을 이끌어 명사절을 이 이므로 수동형 동명사 being limited는 적절하다.
루는 접속사 that은 적절하다. 34) ②
(E) be의 보어 자리에 쓰였으며, 목적어 35) ④: rule out → draw upon
sufficient market adoption이 이어지고 있으므 36) ①: (A) asked의 목적어 people에 이어져 ‘ask+목적
로 명사적 용법으로 쓰인 능동형 to부정사 to 어+목적격보어(~가 …하도록 요청하다)’의 5형식
get은 적절하다. 구문을 이루어야 하며 ask의 목적격보어로 to부
30) ④: boost → sacrifice 정사를 쓰므로 to부정사인 to listen이 적절하다.
31) ⑤: ⓐ 주어가 없는 불완전한 절(evolved a very different (B) 접속사 when 뒤에 동사(구)나 동명사(구)가
strategy ~ more slowly)을 이끌어 선행사 a 단독으로 올 수 없으므로, 접속사 when을 남겨
relatively small number of species를 수식하는 둔 분사구문을 이루는 분사 자리이다. 의미상 주
관계사절을 이루므로 주격 관계대명사 that이 적 어인 주절의 주어 humans가 ‘직면하는’ 주체이
절하다. 며 목적어 problems를 취하고 있으므로 능동의
ⓑ 주어 we에 대한 복수동사 mature, grow와 ’A, 의미인 현재분사 facing이 적절하다.
B, and C‘의 구조로 병렬 연결되므로 복수동사 (C) 문장의 동사 is가 뒤에 있으며 이에 대한 주
have가 적절하다. 어 자리이므로, ‘기억하는 것’이라는 의미의 동명
ⓒ 접속사 because가 이끄는 절 내에서 부사절 사 remembering이 적절하다.
(while ~ than mice)에 이어진 주절의 주어 a larger
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90) ①: (A) ask의 간접목적어 someone에 이어져 ‘ask+ 93) ①: 흐름상 어색한 것은 총 1개이다.
간접목적어+직접목적어(~에게 …을 묻다)’의 4형 ⓕ rudeness → kindness
식을 이루는 직접목적어로, 의문사절인 where ~ 94) ②, ⑤
located 뒤에 등위접속사 or로 연결되는 두 번째 : (B) that → where 또는 in[at] which (콤마(,) 뒤에
의문사절을 이끄는 명사절 접속사 if이며, ‘~인 서 완전한 절(Becky had ~ shopping)을 이끌어,
지’를 뜻한다. 장소를 나타내는 선행사 the market을 부연 설명
(F) 가주어 It에 상응하는 진주어 자리에서 완전한 하는 계속적 용법의 관계사절을 이루어야 하므로
절(when we see ~ at first)을 이끄는 명사절 접 that을 which가 아니라 관계부사 where로 고치거
속사 that이다. 나, 선행사에 어울리는 전치사를 써서 ‘전치사+관
91) ①, ③, ④ 계대명사’인 in[at] which로 고쳐야 한다.)
: (A) how → that[in which] 또는 how 삭제 (완전한 *(B)는 원래 지문에서 where였음
절(we spend money)을 이끌어 선행사 the way를 (E) what → that (완전한 절(one kind ~ life)을 이
수식하는 관계사절을 이루어야 하며, 선행사 the 끌어, 추상명사구 a reminder(상기시키는 것)의 구
way와 how는 함께 쓰지 않고 둘 중 하나만 쓰거 체적 설명에 해당하는 동격절을 이루어야 하므로
나 선행사 뒤에 관계부사 대용의 that 또는 ‘전치 what을 which가 아니라 동격의 접속사 that으로
사+관계대명사’를 써야 한다. 따라서 how를 관계 고쳐야 한다.)
부사 대용의 that 또는 선행사에 어울리는 전치사 (A) 완전한 절(the sky ~ darkened)을 이끌어 동사
를 쓴 ’전치사+관계대명사‘ 형태인 in which로 고 noticed의 목적어절을 이루어야 하므로 which를
치거나, how를 삭제해야 한다.) 명사절 접속사 that으로 고친 것은 적절하다.
*원래 지문에는 선행사 the way만 쓰였음 *(A)는 명사절 접속사 that으로 원래 지문에서 생
(C) what → which (were informed에 이어지며 뒤 략되어 있음
에 완전한 절(they had to ~ cash)을 이끌어 ‘~라 (C) 주어 The Museum CEO에 대한 동사 was
고 통지받다’라는 뜻의 수동 구문인 ‘be동사 impressed와 등위접속사 and로 병렬 연결되는 두
+informed+that+완전한 절’ 구조를 이루어야 하므 번째 동사 자리이며, 주어가 ‘제안한’ 주체이고 뒤
로 what을 완전한 절을 이끄는 명사절 접속사 에 간접목적어 her와 직접목적어 the Event
that으로 고쳐야 한다.) Manager position, her dream job이 이어져
(D) told → were told (세미콜론(;)으로 연결되는 ‘offer+간접목적어+직접목적어’의 4형식 능동태를
절의 주어 the other half는 ‘듣는’ 대상이며, ‘tell+ 이루므로 능동태 동사를 써야 한다. 또한 앞의 동
간접목적어+직접목적어((that)+완전한 절)’ 형태의 사와 같은 시점의 과거의 일을 나타내므로 was
4형식 구문에서 간접목적어 없이 직접목적어에 해 offered를 능동태 과거동사인 offered로 고친 것은
당하는 완전한 절 they ~ cards가 이어지고 있으 적절하다.
므로, ‘~라고 듣다’라는 뜻의 수동 구문인 ‘be동사 (D) 앞의 명사 people을 수식하는 분사구를 이끄
+told+(that+)완전한 절’을 이루어야 한다. 이때 주 는 분사 자리로, 수식을 받는 people은 ‘돕는’ 주체
어 the other half는 the other half of the 이며, 뒤에 목적어 others가 이어지므로 supported
participants(나머지 절반의 참가자들)를 가리키며, 를 능동의 의미를 가진 현재분사 supporting으로
‘half (of)+명사(구)’ 형태의 주어는 half (of) 뒤의 고친 것은 적절하다.
명사(구)에 동사의 수를 일치시키므로, told를 복수
동사로 수일치 시킨 수동태 were told로 고쳐야
유형 C
한다.)
95) ④: 최근에 새롭게 개장한 반려견 공원을 소개하며
(B) 완전한 절(paying ~ negative feelings)을 이끌
시설에 대한 설명과 함께 그곳을 홍보하고 있으
어 suggest의 목적어 자리에서 명사절을 이루어야
므로, 글의 주제로 ④ ‘지역 사회에 새로 개장한
하므로 명사절 접속사 that은 적절하다.
반려견 공원에 대한 소개’가 알맞다.
(E) ‘배수사+as+형용사/부사+as(~배만큼 …한/…하
① 마을의 더 많은 반려견 공원에 대한 요청
게)’ 구문을 이루는 자리로, was의 보어 역할을 하
② 유기견들을 위한 보호소 환경을 개선하려는 계획
는 형용사가 as와 as 사이에 와야 하므로 ‘높은’이
③ 마을에서 반려견을 소유하는 것에 관한 더
라는 뜻의 형용사로 쓰인 high는 적절하다.
엄격한 규칙의 발표
92) ②, ④
⑤ 지역 사회에서 반려견들로 인해 발생하는 문
: ⓑ profit → loss
제들에 대한 불만
ⓓ increases → reduces
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96) ②: Maya가 손꼽아 기다리던 유럽 배낭여행을 가기 101) ③: 모든 사람의 뇌, 인생 경험, 욕망과 지식이 다르기
위해 비행기 탑승 수속을 하던 중 여권을 집에 때문에, 현실에 대한 해석이 사람마다 다를 수
두고 온 것을 깨닫고 절망하는 내용이므로, 글의 있다는 점을 강조하고 있으므로, 글의 주제로
제목으로 ② ‘치명적인 실수’가 알맞다. ③ ‘현실에 대한 인식과 판단의 주관성’이 알맞다.
① 전화위복 ① 갈등을 해결하는 데 있어 중립성의 중요성
③ 유럽을 보는 기쁨 ② 집단 정체성이 의사결정에 미치는 영향
④ 비행기에서의 악몽 ④ 인지적 편향과 기억 사이의 관계
⑤ 여행의 순조로운 시작 ⑤ 경험을 통한 논리적 사고의 발달
97) ③: 어떤 일이 편리할수록 그것을 더 자주 할 가능성 102) ②: 진화 생물학을 연구하고 Crafoord Prize를 수상했
이 높기 때문에 습관으로 만들고 싶은 행동의 편 으며 “현대의 Darwin”으로 알려지기도 한 Edward
리성에 주의를 기울여야 함을 강조하고 있으므 O. Wilson이라는 인물의 출생과 학업 및 경력
로, 글의 주제로 ③ ‘습관을 형성하는 데 있어 편 등에 대해 소개하는 내용이므로, 글의 주제로
리성의 중요성’이 알맞다. ② ‘Edward O. Wilson의 생애와 업적’이 알맞다.
① 습관 형성에 있어 반복의 역할 ① Crafoord Prize의 역대 수상자들
② 습관을 바꾸기 어려운 이유 ③ 진화 생물학이 과학으로 발전한 과정
④ 기술이 가족 관계에 미치는 영향 ④ 신체적 장애에도 불구하고 성공한 사람들
⑤ 작은 변화가 개인의 일상을 향상시키는 방법 ⑤ Darwin과 Wilson의 진화 이론들 사이의 차이점
98) ③: 우리의 내적 신념이 외적인 행동을 이끌 수 있을 103) ③: 전문가의 지식은 단순한 사실의 나열이 아니라
뿐 아니라, 우리의 행동이 사고방식을 이끌 수 깊고 유연하게 연결된 구조이며 더 나은 학습
있음을 강조하고 있으므로, 글의 주제로 ③ ‘신념 과 다양한 상황에의 적용을 가능하게 한다는
과 행동 간의 상호 관계’가 알맞다. 내용이므로 ③ ‘전문 지식의 본질’이 글의 제목
① 생각에 근거하여 행동을 예측하는 것의 확실성 으로 알맞다.
② 브랜드 선호가 소비자의 선택에 미치는 영향 ① 전문 지식의 한계
④ 언행일치의 중요성 ② 다방면의 지식을 가진 사람이 전문가가 되
⑤ 인간 행동을 설명하는 데 있어서 심리학 이론 는 방법
의 역할 ④ 정보를 정리하는 방법
99) ②: “대화”를 말할 차례를 기다리는 게임처럼 여기는 ⑤ 유연한 사고력 개발을 위한 요령
경향에 대해 지적하며, 말을 줄일수록 상대방의 104) ②: 사건들 사이의 관계를 잘못 해석하면 잘못된 추
말을 더 많이 듣게 될 것임을 강조하고 있으므 론과 믿음을 형성할 수 있다는 내용이므로, ②
로, 글의 주제로 ② ‘말의 자제를 통한 경청의 향 ‘상관관계를 잘못 해석하는 것은 잘못된 추정으
상’이 알맞다. 로 이어질 수 있다.’가 글의 요지로 알맞다.
① 대화 중 침묵을 유지하는 것의 어려움 ① 이민자들은 종종 편견의 피해자가 된다.
③ 의사소통에 대한 위협으로서의 말하기의 제한 ③ 인간은 본능적으로 사건의 원인을 찾는 경
④ 경청보다 자기표현을 선호하는 문화적 성향 향이 있다.
⑤ 침묵이 인간관계에 미치는 부정적 영향 ④ 동시에 발생하는 두 가지 사건은 인과 관계가
100) ⑤: 사람들이 과학에 의해 제공된 지식을 아는 것에 있다.
그치지 않고, 그것을 사용할 때 문제가 해결된 ⑤ 이민자 인구들이 많은 지역들의 높은 범죄
다는 점을 강조하므로, 글의 요지로 ⑤ ‘과학적 율은 이민자들의 소득 수준과 관련이 있다.
지식은 사람들이 그것을 실천할 때만 의미를 105) ②: 뉴기니 원주민들과 재레드 다이아몬드를 비롯한
갖는다.’가 알맞다. 서양인들은 다른 이전 경험, 곧 다른 생활 환경
① 사람들은 건강에 대한 과학적 사실을 오해 과 양육 방식에 의해 능력이 달라졌음을 설명
하는 경향이 있다. 했으므로, ② ‘인간 능력에 대한 양육과 환경의
② 운동에 관한 과학적 발견은 건강 개선을 보 영향’이 글의 주제로 알맞다.
장한다. ① 서양과 뉴기니의 육아 관행 비교
③ 많은 건강 문제는 과학적 지식의 부족에서 ③ 총, 균, 쇠에서 재레드 다이아몬드가 탐구한
비롯된다. 주제들
④ 문제를 해결하는 것은 더 많은 과학적 발견 ④ 서양인들이 뉴기니 사람들의 전통적인 정글
을 하는 것에 의존한다. 생활 방식에서 배울 수 있는 것
⑤ 서양의 영향에도 불구하고 뉴기니 원주민들
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에 의해 보존된 전통적인 생활 방식들 110) ①: 확장, 과도한 확장, 그리고 붕괴로 끝난 로마와
106) ①: 제품이나 서비스의 초기 가격을 너무 높게 책 대영제국과는 달리, Aztec과 Inca 문명처럼 갑
정하는 것은 그 사업의 실패로 이어질 수 있으 작스럽게 끝났던 사례를 들면서 “역사는 그 자
므로, 새로운 제품이나 서비스를 출시할 때는 체를 반복한다”라는 말은 지나친 단순화라는
최우선 순위를 충분한 시장 점유 확보에 두어 내용이므로, 글의 제목으로 ① ‘단순한 반복 그
서 초기 수익을 잃더라도 가격을 낮추어야 한 이상: 문명의 운명을 다시 생각하기’가 알맞다.
다는 내용이다. 따라서 ① ‘시장을 차지하려면 cycle 반복, 순환
먼저 더 낮은 가격을 설정하라’가 글의 제목으 ② 대영 제국의 몰락으로부터의 귀중한 교훈들
로 알맞다. ③ 로마에서 Aztec까지: 예측 가능한 제국의 길
② 기업가들이 그들의 제품을 사랑해야 하는 이유 ④ 문명의 흥망에서의 동일한 패턴들
③ 소비자를 끌어들이는 광고의 중요성 ⑤ 과거를 단순화하기: 문명의 보편적인 순환
④ 성공적인 기업가들의 사업 철학 111) ③: “똑똑하다”라는 말을 듣는 아이들은 고정 사고
⑤ 신제품 시장 도입을 위한 효과적인 전략들 방식을 발달시켜 더 쉬운 과제를 선택함으로써
107) ⑤: 자주 많은 새끼를 낳지만, 그들의 생존 확률이 실제로 미래 과제에서 기대에 못 미치는 성과
낮은 생쥐와 달리 유인원과 코끼리, 인간은 적 를 내는 반면에 노력에 대해 칭찬을 받는 아이
은 새끼를 낳아 많은 시간과 에너지를 투자해 들은 성장 사고방식을 발달시켜 계속 노력하여
기르지만 그들의 생존 확률이 높아지는 번식 결국 더 힘든 일을 받아들이고 자존감을 향상
방식을 진화시켰다는 내용이므로, ⑤ ‘작은 포 시킨다는 내용이므로, 글의 제목으로 ③ ‘성장
유류의 그것에 비해 인간과 대형 포유류의 더 사고방식이 학습에 미치는 장기적인 영향’이 알
느린 번식과 더 큰 부모로서의 투자’가 글의 주 맞다.
제로 알맞다. ① 지능과 노력에 대한 칭찬을 통한 아이들의 성장
① 포유류의 신체 크기와 생존율 간의 관계 ② 아이들을 똑똑하다고 칭찬하는 것이 효과적
② 다른 포유류에서 보이는 유대감보다 인간 인 몇 가지 이유들
부모와 자녀 간의 더 깊은 유대감 ④ 고정 사고방식 대 성장 사고방식: 지능을 칭
③ 부모의 돌봄 기간이 포유류 자손의 지능 발 찬하는 것은 자신감을 키운다
달에 미치는 영향 ⑤ 성장 사고방식: 학습에서 지능의 힘을 끌어
④ 다른 종에 비해 포유류가 연장된 부모의 돌 내는 것
봄에서 얻는 장단점 112) ⑤: 우리가 감각을 통해 주변을 인지하지만, 볼 수 없
108) ④: 과학자들의 연구 자료와 결과 발표가 그들의 연 는 그러나 실재하는 우리의 감정은 지하철 승객
구에 대한 검증뿐 아니라 다른 과학자들의 향 이 앉거나 서는 위치의 예시처럼 장소를 경험하
후 연구, 나아가 사회 전체의 지적 능력 향상에 는 방식에 영향을 준다는 내용이므로, 글의 제목
도움이 된다는 내용이므로, ④ ‘개방적인 과학 으로 ⑤ ‘보이지 않는 영향들: 감정은 우리의 장
적 소통과 데이터 공유의 중요성’이 글의 주제 소 경험을 어떻게 형성하는가’가 알맞다.
로 알맞다. ① 우리의 상호 작용 선택을 이끄는 숨겨진 감
① 과학적 발견에 대한 검증 절차 정들
② 과학자들이 대중과 소통해야 하는 이유 ② 대중교통에서의 행동 규칙과 규정
③ 과학자들이 혼자 일하는 것보다 협력하는 ③ 왜 지하철 승객들은 낯선 사람들과 눈을 마
것을 선호하는 이유 주치는 것을 선호하는가
⑤ 과학 정보가 사회에 퍼지는 방식과 다른 정 ④ 세계를 감지하기: 우리의 눈, 코, 귀가 우리
보가 퍼지는 방식의 차이 를 어떻게 이끄는가
109) ⑤: 인간의 기억은 과거 경험과 기존 지식을 바탕으로 113) ③: 얼굴 부위가 물 아래에 잠길 때 활성화되는 인
정보를 재구성하고 상상하는 과정이라는 내용이 간의 잠수 반사는 기도를 닫고 심박수를 늦추
므로, ⑤ ‘재구성적이고 상상적인 과정으로서의 는 등의 보호 기능을 제공한다는 내용이므로,
기억’이 글의 제목으로 알맞다. 글의 제목으로 ③ ‘인체의 자동적인 수중 생존
① 민간 설화는 어떻게 생겨나는가 반사’가 알맞다.
② 기억에서 선행 지식의 역할 ① 잠수 반사가 인간의 뇌를 보호하는 방식
③ 사람들을 매료시키는 스토리텔링 기법 ② 유인원이 물에서 익사할 가능성이 적은 이유
④ 스토리텔링이 뇌 기능에 미치는 영향 ④ 인간과 유인원의 수중 반응 차이
⑤ 수중 지구력을 위한 인간 잠수 반사 훈련
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하며, 편리성이 습관 형성에 큰 영향을 미친다 문가의 이해력을 This kind of deep but
는 (B), (B)에 상응하는 내용으로서, 습관으로 만 organized understanding(이러한 깊이 있으면서
들고 싶은 행동의 편리성에 주의를 기울이라는 도 조직화된 이해)으로 지칭해 그것이 더 유연
(C), (C)에 대한 구체적인 예시로서 현관문 옆에 한 학습과 다양한 맥락에 걸친 적용을 가능하
쓰레기통을 두는 것과 그룹 채팅 같은 도구들 게 한다는 (A)의 흐름이 자연스럽다.
을 언급하는 (A)의 흐름이 자연스럽다. 203) ①: 생태학적 오류의 논지는 두 가지가 함께 발생
199) ④: 일상생활에서 침묵 서약의 정신을 따르는 것을 한다는 이유만으로 둘 사이에 인과 관계가 있
상상해 보라고 언급한 후, 이에 상응하는 내용 다는 것이라고 설명한 주어진 글에 이어, For
으로서 필요한 것만 말하며 하루를 보내라는 example(예를 들어)을 써서 1950년대에 그러한
조언과, 우리가 “대화”를 말할 차례를 기다리는 ‘동시 발생’을 이용해 지역의 범죄율과 이민자
게임처럼 여기는 경향이 있다는 (C), (C)의 경향 의 거주 비율을 연관 지어 이민자를 범죄의 원
에 의해 우리가 말해지고 있는 것을 놓치며, 다 인이라고 주장하는 사람들이 있었다는 (A),
음에 오는 침묵 동안 무슨 말을 할지 생각하지 But(그러나)을 써서 면밀한 분석 결과, 이민자
않는다면 어떨지 가정하는 (A), (A)에 이어 추가 들은 가난해서 안전한 지역의 주택을 살 수 없
적인 가정을 제시한 뒤, 결과적으로 당신이 매우 었기 때문에 이미 범죄율이 높은 지역에 거주
다르게 듣게 될 것이고, 말을 줄일수록, 더 많이 할 수밖에 없었다는 (C), 이민자들은 범죄를 거
듣게 될 것이라는 (B)의 흐름이 자연스럽다. 의 저지르지 않았다고 (C)를 부연 설명한 뒤
200) ⑤: 과학이 물리적 세계에 대한 관찰을 축적하고 주장을 주의 깊게 분석하지 않으면 그 관계를
이해하는 것과 관련 있다고 설명한 후, 그 이 잘못 해석하여 잘못된 믿음을 형성할 수 있다
해를 That understanding으로 받아 그것이 행 는 (B)로 이어지는 것이 알맞다.
동으로 이어져야 한다는 내용과 규칙적인 운동 204) ④: 다른 환경은 다른 기대를 만든다는 점은 재레
이 심장병의 위험을 낮출 수 있다는 발견을 예 드 다이아몬드의 저서 총, 균, 쇠에서 깊이 있
로 드는 (C), 그 발견을 this fact로 받아 이것 게 설명되었다는 주어진 글에 이어, 재레드 다
을 행동으로 옮기지 않으면 건강에 도움이 되 이아몬드를 He(그)로 지칭해 그가 뉴기니 정글
지 않으며, 이러한 점에서 과학이 사실 어떤 에서 본 그곳 원주민들은 서구인들이 어린 시
문제도 해결하지 ‘않는다’는 (B), (B)의 마지막 절부터 훈련받아 온 과업에 서툴렀다고 설명하
문장에 상응하는 내용으로서 문제는 사람들이 는 (C), But(그러나)과 뉴기니 원주민을 지칭하
과학에 의해 제공된 지식을 취하고 그것을 사 는 they(그들)를 써서 뉴기니 원주민들은 멍청
용할 때만 해결된다는 (A)의 흐름이 자연스럽다. 하지 않고 정글에서 사는 데 필요한 지식과 행
201) ③: 우리는 스스로가 논리적이고 객관적이며 합리적 동 양식을 잘 갖추고 있었다는 (A), 정글을
이어서 분석, 판단, 결정에 있어서 정확하다고 such places(그러한 장소)로, (A)에서 열거한 정
생각한다는 내용 다음에, So(따라서)로 시작하 글에서의 가장 미묘한 변화, 곤충에 대한 지식,
여 이에 상응하는 내용을 언급한 후, 하지만 그 음식이 있는 곳, 피난처를 쉽게 만들고 철거하
반대가 사실이라는 (B), 그 반대 내용으로서 모 는 방법을 these things(이러한 것들)로 지칭해
든 사람이 다르다고 설명한 후, 당신은 자신의 다이아몬드는 그러한 장소에서 지내본 적이 없
생각이 현실과 일치하리라 생각할 수 있지만 어서 그런 것들에 주의를 기울일 수 없었다는
불가능하다는 (C), 그러한 당신은 스스로가 현 (B)의 순서가 알맞다.
실적이라는 생각을 It으로 받아, 그것은 현실에 205) ②: 대부분의 기업가들은 새로운 제품과 서비스의
대한 당신의 해석일 뿐이고 다른 사람의 것과 제작과 출시에 엄청난 시간과 노력을 들인 뒤
늘 다를 것이라고 설명하며 예시를 드는 (A)의 가격을 너무 비싸게 책정하는 실수를 저지른다
흐름이 자연스럽다. 는 주어진 글에 이어, ‘대부분의 기업가들’을
202) ③: 전문가는 단순히 생각을 잘하거나 유난히 똑똑한 They(그들)로 지칭해서 그들은 제품에 대한 강
사람이 아니라는 주어진 글에 이어, Rather(오히 한 소유감과 제품 가치에 대한 왜곡된 인식으
려)를 써서 전문가는 특정 분야의 지식이 있지 로 가격을 너무 높게 책정한다고 주어진 글을
만 ‘많은 사실’을 알기만 하는 것은 아니라는 상술 부연하는 (B), 초기 가격이 너무 높다는
(B), In fact(사실)를 써서 전문 지식의 조직화된 것을 깨달아도 가격을 낮추지 않음으로써 사업
특징과 사실 간의 상호 관계를 이해하고 핵심 실패로 이어지는 큰 실수를 저지르는 기업가들
적 아이디어를 구분하는 전문가의 능력을 상술 도 있다는 (A), 새로운 제품이나 서비스를 출시
하는 (C), (C)에서 말한 전문 지식의 특성과 전 할 때 초기 가격과 수익을 희생해서라도 충분
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242) (1) ⓐ: opened 262) fail, each fan base believes that the referees are
(2) ⓒ: ensure biased against their team
243) The park was designed to provide an enjoyable 263) (1) ⓐ: spent
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예상문제┃정답 2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 고1
(2) ⓔ: was awarded 284) asked people to listen to folktales from other countries,
[지문 변형] ⓓ where → and there recall these stories
264) he concentrated on smaller creatures that[which] he 285) (1) ⓒ: that 또는 which (2) ⓔ: fill
could study up close *ⓒ는 원래 지문에서 that이었음
*원래 지문에는 목적격 관계대명사 that[which]가 286) remembering is an imaginative process that involves
생략되어 있음 building upon past experiences
265) known to some as, died at the age of 92 in 287) (1) ⓑ: get (2) ⓒ: which (3) ⓔ: end
266) (1) ⓑ: have 288) looking at the historical records, some things do
(2) ⓒ: which seem to happen again and again
267) Studies of experts provide insight into what it 289) civilizations end suddenly, like the Aztec and Inca,
means to have deep and flexible understanding. conquered by invaders
268) having expertise in a topic means that knowledge 290) (1) ⓐ: persevere
is organized into coherent frameworks (2) ⓑ: underperform
269) It is natural for people to observe happenings, seek (3) ⓔ: Emphasizing[To emphasize]
explanations for why those happenings occurred *ⓔ는 원래 지문에서 Emphasizing이었음
270) (1) ⓐ: that 또는 삭제 291) kids who are praised not for their smarts but for
*ⓐ는 원래 지문에서 that이었음 their effort develop what Dweck calls
(2) ⓒ: in which 또는 where 292) These kids end up taking on tougher things, and
*ⓒ는 원래 지문에서 where였음 feel better about themselves.
271) a careful analysis of this situation revealed that 293) (1) ⓑ: is (2) ⓔ: was shaped
immigrants were forced to live in neighborhoods [지문 변형] ⓒ ~ the reasons many riders ~ → ~
where crime rates were already high the reasons why many riders ~
272) (1) ⓒ: which (2) ⓔ: who 294) trying to understand why people sit where they
[지문 변형] ⓒ good → which is good sit, where they stand, examined the factors, shape
273) relates that these natives tend to perform poorly, the way riders used and navigated that space
Westerners have been trained to do 295) to avoid the sometimes uncomfortable feeling of
274) Were he to be tested on such tasks, would perform accidentally making eye contact with seated
275) (1) ⓐ: put (2) ⓒ: to overprice passengers
[지문 변형] ⓑ는 목적격 관계대명사로 원래 지문에 296) ⓐ triggering → trigger
서 생략되어 있음 ⓑ protected → protecting
276) are quick to realize that their initial prices are 297) It automatically closes down the airway, reducing
too high, all these people are happy or willing the risk of swallowing water
to drop, to make their products more attractive 298) found itself in water, its face below the surface,
277) this can be a very costly mistake that may lead it would panic, its heart would race, it would
to the failure of their new business quickly drown
278) one of a relatively small number of species that 299) ⓐ you can safely assume that most people will
evolved a very different strategy, investing more not lie in their responses
energy to reproduce more slowly ⓑ It makes sense then, that when we see something
279) ⓐ devoting → devote ⓑ dies → die online
280) a larger percentage of their offspring survive to 300) (1) how difficult it would be to converse
then reproduce (2) assumed that everything they were telling
281) (1) ⓓ: is (2) ⓔ: depends you was false
282) publish their results and make their data available 301) don’t expend more mental effort than seems
for inspection necessary
283) makes it possible for other scientists to use that 302) (1) ⓑ: abstract
data to construct new hypotheses, perform new (2) ⓒ: organized
experiments [지문 변형] ⓐ the way we spend → the way
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예상문제┃정답 2025년 6월 부산광역시 교육청 학력평가 고1
that we spend
303) suggest that paying, credit cards, reduces activity,
a brain region associated with negative feelings
304) It turns out that the average credit card bid was
twice as high as the average cash bid.
305) (1) ⓔ: opened
(2) ⓕ: comfortable
(3) ⓖ: that 또는 what 삭제
*ⓖ는 명사절 접속사 that으로 원래 지문에서 생략
되어 있음
306) Inspired by the memory, created a museum
event called, people supporting others
307) (1) kept Becky’s message framed
(2) a reminder that one kind gesture could
change someone’s life
308) Park, Dog-Friendly, Dogs
309) expectations, passport, heartbroken, delayed
310) habit, convenient, likely
311) beliefs, behavior(s), reverse
312) miss, rehearsing, listen, respond
313) Science, solve problems, act on
314) objective, interpretations, impossible
315) (1) interest (2) accident (3) evolutionary biology
316) specific[particular], facts, central, flexible, application
317) observe, misconceptions, causal, together
318) environments, expectations, perform
319) Overpricing, high, failure, increasing
320) (1) reproduce (2) few[fewer] (3) survive
321) publish, society
322) gaps, past experiences, knowledge
323) civilizations, oversimplification, collapse
324) effort, growth, success
325) space, feeling
326) diving reflex, faces, water
327) mental[cognitive], believe, questioning
328) abstract, negative, more
329) Kindness, Life[Path], World
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