Volvo FH

The Volvo FH is a heavy truck range manufactured by

the Swedish company Volvo Trucks. It was originally Volvo FH Series
introduced in late 1993 as the FH12 and FH16. FH
stands for Forward control High entry, where numbers
denominate engine capacity in litres. The FH range is
one of the most successful truck series ever having
sold more than 400,000 units worldwide.[2]

In September 2012, Volvo Trucks re-launched the

Volvo FH with significant technology upgrades.[3]

History
2013 Volvo FH16
On September 1, 1993 Volvo unveiled its replacement Overview
for the F cabover series in production for almost 15 Manufacturer Volvo Trucks
years.[4] The development of FH in what it appeared to
Also called Volvo FH Bitren (Argentina)
be a clean sheet of paper design took seven long years.
The development of the all-new design 12-litre engine Volvo FH13 (Philippines)
with its overhead camshaft and electronic unit injectors Volvo FH12
technology placed Volvo among the world's leading Volvo FH16
engine designers.
Production 1993–present
The launch of the FH12 and FH16 marked the Assembly Sweden: Gothenburg
concomitant beginning of Volvo's new Global Iran: Tehran (Saipa Diesel)[1]
programme. One expressed goal of the FH and its new
Australia: Wacol
engine was moving towards the meeting of the Euro 6
Belgium: Ghent
Emission Standard. It is contended that one feature that
set the FH apart from the competition at launch was Brazil: Curitiba
the comfort; the FH did abided by the standards of the Egypt: Cairo (Ghabbour Group)
time for engine power and wheel layouts, but paired India: Bangalore
those with a level of comfort still appreciated today.[5] Russia: Kaluga
South Africa: Durban
Indonesia: Jakarta
First generation (1993–2002)
Philippines: Quezon City
There were two models, FH12 and FH16 which shared Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur
common cabs and chassis. The FH12 won "Truck of Japan: Fukushima (UD Trucks)
the year" award in 1994. The 16-litre engine, Thailand: Samut Prakan (TSA)
gearboxes, and the driveline were carried over from the
Body and chassis
Class Heavy truck
 previous Body style COE
generation,
Volvo FH XL (Standard)
albeit with
improvements Volvo FH XXL
and additional Powertrain
features Engine Inline 6 turbodiesel intercooled
including all-
A first generation FH16 prime mover Volvo
new Volvo
engine
D12A (12.1 L) 420
management and its diagnostics for the D12A engine.
309kW 1993–1998
D12C (12.1 L) 420
Design and technology 309kW, 460 340kW
1998–2001
D12D (12.1 L) 420
Cab
309kW, 460 340kW
The cab produced at Umeå from hot-dip galvanized, 2001–2005
high tensile steel allowed for greater strength at thinner
D12F (12,1 L) 420
panels and box sections while reducing overall weight.
309kW, 460 340kW
The new FH cab was more aerodynamically efficient,
2004–2006 EGR
with improved ergonomics and seating while reducing
the overall weight of the cab by almost 30%.[6] The D13A, B, C (12.7 L)
cabin was extensively tested in a wind tunnel to 2005–present
confirm shape aerodynamics properties to reduce air- D13K (12.9 L) 2012-
drag thus improving fuel efficiency. The cab featured a present (Euro VI)
more sharply raked windscreen while wedge-shaped D16A, B (16.1 L) 1993–
sides rounded into the front panel at much wider radius 2001
corners and the rear vision mirrors were also D16C, E, G (16.1 L)
streamlined. The cabin was subject to the toughest cab 2006–present
impact test where procedure involved placing a 15- D16K (16.1 L) 2015–
tonne static weight on the roof and one-tonne present (Euro VI)
pendulum striking at the cab rear wall and at the
D17K (17.3 L) 2024–
windscreen pillars, at the end of which the cab doors
present (Euro VI)
must be able to be opened.[7] In 1995 Volvo FH series
became first heavy-duty truck to be fitted with an SRS Cummins
airbag to further improve passive safety.[8] ISX600 (14.91 L) 1998–
2006 (Australia)
D12 engine Transmission
From the design angle, the new D12A engine was one 14 speed synchro-manual
of the largest engine projects from Volvo Trucks since SR1900 (1993–1998)
the 1950s at the time. The basic design was still based SR(O)2400 (1993–
on direct injection in-line six diesel engines around 12 1998)
litres displacement but with entirely different fuel and
VT2514(OD) (1998–
valve systems when compared with previous Volvo
present)
engines. Built at the purpose-built facility at Skövde on
a fully automated line where the bulk of the engine VT2814(OD) (2006–
assembly is done by robots and the final engine present)
dressing is carried out manually. The D12A was VT(O)2214B (2012-
designed as a "world engine" to be able to meet the present)
latest demands in high power output, low fuel VT(O)2514B (2012-
consumption and lower emissions with its single OHC present)
(overhead camshaft) design, four valves per cylinder, VT(O)2814B (2012-
and one centrally located electronic unit injector, present)
integrated engine compression brake and two-piece,
steel and aluminium pistons. The engine design left the 16 speed synchro-manual
(ZF)
door open for future upgrades in both power output
and emission technologies. ZT1816
12 speed automated
VEB manual (I-Shift)

V2512AT (2007–
present)
V(O)2812AT (2007–
present)
VO3112AT (2008–
present)
AT2412D (2012-
A view of VEB rocker arms present)
AT(O)2612D (2012-
present)
VEB The Volvo Engine Brake is a compression type
engine brake first introduced on D12A and since used AT2812D (2012-
on later designed OHC engines from 9 to 16 litre present)
displacement. The brake operates on a principle where ATO3112D (2012-
exhaust valve cam followers act on a secondary cam present)
profile when engine brake is activated. Engine oil ATO3512D (2012-
pressure is used to eliminate extra valve clearance thus present)
this action forces the follower against secondary lobes
6 speed automatic
and unseating exhaust valves temporarily to achieve
(Powertronic)
so-called compression bleeding as employed by similar
systems from Jacobs, Cummins and Mack however VT1706PT
Volvo system has an extra cam lobe thus giving two VT1906PT
openings of the exhaust valves and is designed to work
Chronology
in conjunction with an exhaust brake so two of the
engine's four strokes are used to raise engine braking Predecessor Volvo F series
effect - Exhaust and Compression strokes.

Operation description
The exhaust stroke is used when exhaust brake shutter closes exhaust manifold after
turbocharger opening as a result exhaust back pressure is raised creating the braking
effect.
The compression stroke is used next to utilise the backpressure in exhaust where at the
piston's Bottom Dead Centre the exhaust valve is opened briefly and high pressure in
the exhaust manifold is then let in acting against the piston moving upwards on its
 compression stroke thus slowing it even more [further explanation needed, exhaust
braking functions in relation to cylinder pressure, not piston speed] and increasing the
engine braking effect.
At the end of the compression stroke just before piston's Top Dead Centre exhaust
valves are open briefly again to release "bleed" compression thus again slowing the
piston on its subsequent downwards movement and consequently achieving engine
braking effect while also storing the pressure in the exhaust manifold again using the
exhaust brake shutter ready for the next repeat of the cycle.

Version 98 (1998–2002)
In conjunction with the introduction of the FM series in 1998,[9] Volvo
facelifted the existing FH series with minor modifications to the cab,
accompanied by major upgrades to the electrical system, engine, and
gearbox. The so-called TEA (Truck Electronic Architecture) introduced a
technical solution to possibility of various electronic control units to work
and communicate with one another. The systems have been linked using two
data buses or data links which allowed control units to exchange relevant
information over the data network.

Electronics

FH12
TEA is a computerized control and monitoring system which is used to
control and coordinate the various functions of the vehicle main components.
The control units communicate over what is known as CAN at two speeds
SAEJ1587/1708 @9600 bit/s and SAEJ1939 at 250 000 bit/s where up to eight Electronic Control Units
were used to control various functions. A J1939 data link is used for mission-critical rapid communication
among ECUs and J1587/1808 is used for diagnostic and programming links as well as "slow"
communication e.g. for backup purposes. The new instrument cluster included an LCD panel to show
information or diagnostic messages from the systems broadcast via the J1708 data link.

D12 facelift
The original D12A engine was considered as a rather conservatively power rated and expectations of
higher power output from such an engine design were always at the mind of not only the designer but
customers alike. The D12C differs from an earlier version substantially with a completely redesigned
engine head, timing gears, and addition of bottom end of reinforcement with a stiffening subframe to
cope with increased power output to 460 hp (340 kW).

Gearbox
The gearboxes were based on the previous SR1900 series and shared the same number of gears and gear
change pattern. The SR2400 series gearbox was discontinued and replaced with the now same model
shared across the entire FH and FM range. Torque increases from 1900 Nm to 2500 Nm were due to
changes to the machining of the gears as well as the use of the new type of narrower synchromesh
mechanism allowing increased gear width. The single control housing and the synchro-mechanism
reduced the gearchange effort by about 50%.[10] The control housing was also identical for left and right-
hand drive versions reducing overall production cost and assembly.

Second generation (2002–2012)

In 2001 Volvo introduced the second generation of the FH and FM series
with the cab and driveline given a major makeover.[11] with an
investment cost of €600 million[12] Major changes included a redesign
of the cab to improve aerodynamics, the new automatic gearchange
transmission, I shift, new electronics system and engine improvements.

Cab
The changes to the cab included a new day cab, which is 150 mm longer
with a redesigned air intake and flat floor. New rearview mirrors were
introduced to reduce blind spots and improve airflow, new headlights,
and front side marker lights, a new split sun visor, and new wider front
FH version 2 steps complemented the external modifications. The interior was
redesigned with more rounded edges around the dashboard and new
seats with integrated seatbelts. Integrated telephone speaker and
microphone with steering wheel controls for the radio and inbuilt GSM phones were an option.

As a standard equipment FH models also included FUPS (Front Underrun Protection System) to further
enhance safety by preventing smaller vehicles from being "underrun" or wedged under front of the truck
in an event of frontal collision.

TC and I-Shift
D12D's further development of venerable D12C resulted in increased power output to
500 hp (370 kW) equipped with turbo compound (TC) technology which utilise more energy
from exhaust gases after the turbocharger using an extra turbine to drive the engine
crankshaft via hydraulic clutch and reduction gearing. The cooling system changes
coincided with more advanced electronics for engine management systems= (EMS) with an
electronically controlled cooling fan which was now fully controlled by the Engine ECU
(EECU) and as a result fuel consumption is also reduced.
I-Shift transmissions[13] is a concept of manual transmission with computerized gear change
control Transmission Management System (TMS) which contains two ECU's the
transmission control unit (TECU) and the gear selector control unit (GECU). I-Shift borrowed
from old transmission technologies like non-synchronised main gears which allowed a
reduction in size and weight and a countershaft brake to achieve more precise shift control
while matching engine rpm to transmissions rpm e.g. TECU requests the EECU to correct
engine rpm so as to synchronise the rpm to effect a smooth gear change, similar to double-
clutching.
 I-Shift control housing Inside an I-Shift

2003 FH16 Intelligent Power

After delaying introduction of new 16 litre engine for 2 years[8] in
2003 Volvo introduced one of the most powerful trucks ever
built.[14] The D16C engine was available in two power outputs
configurations 550 hp (410 kW) and 610 hp (450 kW) and it was a
completely new design similar in the lines of D9 engine
introduced a couple of years earlier for FM series. The notable
design changes included timing gears being on the flywheel side
of the engine (rear-mounted), a design which allows for increased
airflow around the engine, more precise injection and valve D16E engine
operation, noise reduction, and manufacturing cost due to flywheel
casing being used to house timing gears as well. In 2005 Volvo
had increased the available power of D16C to 660 hp (490 kW)[15] respectively making in it one of the
most powerful production truck available. Currently D16E engines are available in Selective Catalytic
Reduction at power output 580 hp 640 hp 700 hp (520 kW).

2005–2008 FH
In 2005 Volvo introduced new design 13 litre unit D13A[16]
incorporating the same design features as its 9 and 16 litre engines
and available in various power output variants from 360 hp
(270 kW), 400 hp, 440 hp, 480 hp (360 kW) to 520 hp (390 kW).
Initially available to meet Euro III emissions requirements, further
improvements will enable the engine to meet or exceed Euro IV
and possibly Euro V emissions targets.[17] D13A featured closed-
crankcase ventilation and also included a new type of unit injector
D13A engine (UI) E3 from Delphi.[18] As a part of makeover Volvo has also
removed its naming scheme and decided to drop engine size in the
model name so the models are known from now as FH only.
Volvo had also introduced on D13A engine with Selective Catalytic Reduction an improved version of its
engine compression brake the "VEB+" featuring additional helper rocker arm and a fourth cam lobe per
cylinder. Power outputs available from 360 hp, 400 hp, 440 hp (330 kW) and 480 hp (360 kW).
In 2007 Volvo introduced D13B[19] with Exhaust Gas Recirculation configuration and VGT turbocharger
but without exhaust particle filter and is the only manufacturer to offer this solution thus far. The engines
are available in slightly reduced power output ranging from 360 hp, 400 hp, 440 hp (330 kW) and 500 hp
(370 kW) and being shared with FM series however 500 hp (370 kW) option is only available for FH
series.

2008–2012 FH and FH16 Mk.III

In August 2008, Volvo launched an upgrade to the FH series[20]
with the main emphasis on driver comfort and usability, among
features listed are windscreen wipers controlled by a rain sensor,
cornering lights for better visibility when turning, powerful audio
system with USB aux and MP3 inputs as well as a swiveling
passenger seat. Completely redesigned grill, steps, sun visor, and
headlamps combination were the most obvious visible changes
over previous models. Only 6 months later Volvo once again
claimed a first with the FH16 and 700 hp (520 kW) on tap[21]
introducing one of the world's most powerful production series
truck. Continuing on its Euro V theme upgrades to 13 Litre
engines and introduction of the new 11 Litre engine followed a
few months later.[22]

As a part of an ongoing commitment to road safety, a number of FH16 Mk.II

safety features were also improved like advanced radar-controlled
cruise control, Driver Alert System (DAS) which keeps a tab on
the driver's time behind the wheel with ongoing monitoring of the driver's responses, Lane Keeping
Support (LKS) which alerts the driver when crossing over the lines and Lane Change Support (LCS)
system responsible for alerting the driver when another vehicle is in the "blind spot" when attempting to
change lanes.

In 2011 the new 750 hp version of the D16 was presented to the market. This engine will be delivered to
customers around the new year 2012, celebrating 25 years of Volvo 16-litre truck engines.[23]

Third generation (2012–present)

In September 2012, Volvo Trucks re-launched the Volvo FH with
major technology upgrades, a new design, and more.[3] The
company also introduced the first of its Euro VI engines, the
D13K[24] which is available as an option on the new Volvo FH
and compulsory for new trucks in Europe from January 2014.
Other quotable new features are the I-torque driveline and the I-
see fuel-saving technology. With the new thirteen-litre engine, the
name has changed to FH13.
The 2012 model of Volvo FH
In India Volvo FH was introduced as FH520 Puller 6x4 with a company fitted ballast box due to new
Automotive Research Association of India regulations for ballast tractors used to tow hydraulic modular
trailers.[25] Later in 2021 FH520 was discotinued in India replaced by FM500 Puller 6x4 which is also
sold with a company fitted ballast box.[26]

Autonomous Emergency Braking

Volvo Trucks has demonstrated the new Autonomous Emergency Braking system that combines radar and
a camera that works together to identify and monitor vehicles in front. The system is designed to deal
with both stationary and moving vehicles and can prevent a collision with a moving target at relative
speeds of up to 70 km/h. When the system detects a vehicle that the truck will hit at its current speed, the
warning system activates a constant red light in the windscreen in order to bring the driver's attention
back to the road.[27]

2020 facelift
The truck received a facelift in 2020, with most notably a new
headlight design, an updated interior, new safety features, and
efficiency improvements. Pre-facelift model continues to be
offered in selected markets where facelifted model was
introduced, now marketed as Volvo FH Classic for models with
13-litre engines and Volvo FH16 Classic for models with 16-litre
engines.[28] Volvo also launch electric truck in 2021.[29]
Volvo FH LNG (2020 facelift)
The introduced 2024 minor update has updated the Volvo logo,
updated I-See, updated badges, updated aerodynamics, updated
infotainment, new Volvo Camera Monitoring System, replaced D16K with D17K with 3 outputs (600 PS
and 3,000 Nm, 700 PS and 3,400 NM, and 780 PS and 3,800 Nm), and improved efficiency.[30][31]

Special Editions
Performance Edition (2016): This a limited edition of the Volvo FH packed with some
equipment. It includes the Volvo Dynamic Steering, I-See, I-ParkCool and for the first time,
an I-Shift dual-clutch transmission. The only exterior paint of the truck is an exclusive blue
color Performance, their black details and the yellow stripes reminiscent of the Swedish flag.

25 Year Special Edition (2018): This a limited edition of the Volvo FH and FH16 released in
2018 to coincide the release of the original 1993 model. Two exterior colors for their
anniversary edition in distinctive 3D effects and sshadows to echo the design of the original:
one darker, cool grey tone (Mammoth Tree Metallic) and a shiny red (Crimson Pearl), the
latter is a nod to the original red cab color. It features the special logo 'FH 25' is located on
the sides. In the interior, it also features orange trim on seat belt stitches to curtains, carpets
and reflective safety door decals. The chairs are upholstered in a quilted fabric and leather
combination.

Fourth generation (2024–)

Volvo Trucks has introduced the FH Aero, which boasts an extended and sleeker cab design, equipped
with digital mirrors and a powerful new engine D17 (17.3 litre) with output power engine 780
horsepower and torque 3800 Newton per meter. These innovative Aero truck models will be gradually
introduced to markets between 2024 and 2025, offered in four variants: FH Aero, FH Aero Electric, FH
Aero powered by gas, and FH16 Aero.[32]

Gallery

Volvo FH16 Volvo FH12

Volvo FH16 semi Inside Mk2 2009 Australian model

 Mk2 instrument cluster Volvo FH16 700

Close up with its LED parker

lights on

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External links
Media related to Volvo FH at Wikimedia Commons

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